I
QUAR=Y REPORT
APRIL - =a, 1966
25-7.1966
COMPIEM BY: I.W. Hughes
F. Haslam
ISSUED BY: D.G. Felton
DIS`I~TTON:
D.S.F. Hobson, Esq. Copy No. 1
K.E. Raines, Esq. " 2
Sir Charles Ellis 3
.Dr. S.J. Green 4
J.H. Maslen, Esq. 5
P. Procter, Esq. 6
Dr. R.B. Griffith 7, 8, 9
L.C. Laporte, Esq. " 10, 11, 12
W.W. Reid, Esq. " 13, 14
Hemm E.H. Wring n 15, 16, 17
D.R. Davies,.Esq. " 18
J.S. Sismey, Esq. 19
E.C. Fieldsend, Esq. 20, 21, 22
R. & D.E. Librar7 23, 24
R. & D.E. File No. 68 25
copy NO:
F4 L,~
BATCodocument for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Research & Development Establishment,
British-American Tobacco Company Ltd,
SOUMAMPT'ON.
DGF/r4,VKJ1VEEC/68 15th July, 1966
QUARTULY ?DORT
APRIL - JO.?, 1966
INTRODUCTION
During the quarter, a three-day conference was
held at R. & D.E., at
which members of the staff discussed the
directions in which future research
and development work could proceed. This was
attended throughout by Dr. S.J.
Green and other visitors from Millbank
participated in sessions relevant to
their own interests. The six sessions covered the
major fields in the programme,
e.g., Smoke Studies and Bioassay, Aerosol Physics
and Filtration, Smoking
Evalua~ion, Primary and Secondary Processing and
BATEX, Application of Computers
etc.
Me experiment was very successful in acquatnting
research staff of the
lines of work pursued by the development engineers
and vice-versa.
At the end of June,- Mr. A.H. Wright retired from
the service of the
Company. During his service in R. & D.E., Mr.
Wright established himself as
an expert on primary process research and his
experience and sound advice will
be greatly missed by his colleagues.
Members of the Intermediate Management Course at
Chelwood paid a visit
to R. & D.E. on the completion of the course.
Special demonstrations Illustra-
ting the work of the Establishment, were provided
and the course members seemed
to have found the visit very worthwhile. It is,
perhaps, a matter for future
consideration whether the visit would be even more
useful, if It could be
arranged during the IN Course.
Membe rs of R. & D.E. staff have also greatly
enjoyed and benefitted from
ON
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


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ViSitS this quarter from colleagues in Research
and Development Departments
from Tcuisville and Sydney and Mr. Yallup visited
Montreal.
C-D
NJ
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PROJECT 1000 GENERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1100 Analytical
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (21) Work has now started on the
development of an
automated method for the determination of hydrogen
sulphide in smoke. Results so far obtained'agree
reasonably well with those obtained using
the'manual
method. The automation of the manual method has
not
necessitated any changes in the experimental
procedure.
(24) A report has been issued describing the
automated
method for measuring the nicotine alkaloids
content of
smoke and tobacco. The distillation and
spectrometer
cell units appear to be novel developments and
aticempts
are being made to obtain patent protection.
(26) Work on methods for the colorimetric
determination
of calcium and magnesium in tobacco is still
delwfed.
(27) A near-infra-red water analyser has been
constructed
by Servomex, Ltd., and is now being evaluated.
(S.R. Evelyn) (28) Two colorimetric methods, one
based on o-aminobenz-
aldehyde and the other based on
3-methylbenzothiazol-2-
one-hydrazone, are being compared as to their
relative
merits for the determination of aliphatic
aldehydes in
cigarette smoke. By and large, the latter reagent
. gives
a higher result when used with whole smoke and
vapour
phase.
1200 Tobacco
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (4) 'Ihe analysis of the
tobaccos from various cigars
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continues. niis work is going slowly because of
the
requirements of other commitments.
(J.W.H. Segar) (5) All of the information made
available to R.' & D.E.
(F. Haslam) on infestation control is now belng
reviewed for-incor-
poration into a report.
1300 Cigarettes
(P.J. Nicholl) (1) &all batches of'Ariel
cigarettes of various* designs
(R.G. Hook) were prepared for consideration by the
U.S. Patent
(I.W. Hughes) Authority. Further batches are
nearing completion and
will be sent to Millbank for assessment.
(R.G. Hook) (2) A preproject appraisal of human
smoking behaviour
(F.F. Cinkotai) has been made. During this
appraisal, the B. & W. ~7eport
on smoking behaviour was received. Because of the
con-
siderable amount of work already done in
Louisville, the
R. & D.E. proposals for work have been
re-appraised P-nd
will be restated In the near future.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (3) The analysis of the tobacco
and smoke from samples
(J.D. Backhurst) C, and C6 has been completed and
the results communicated
to T.R.C.
1400 Process Research & Development
(N.E. Willis) (2) There Is nothing further to
report on the studies of
noise abatement in factories.
PROJSCT 2000 TOBACCO: RELATION OF CONSTITUENTS AND
PROPERTIES OF TOBACCO
T
TO THE QUALITIES OF LEAF AND SMOKE TO THE
AGRICULTURAL AND
CURING PROCESS
2000 General
(A.R. Cousins) (4) Further materials have been
tested for their suitability
ON
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-5-
in the column fractionation of nitrogenous
constituents
extracted from tobacco. It is hoped to develop a
scheme
of fractionation which will replace the one
devised by
Frankenburg; this method should field fractions
repre4en-
ting distinct chemical entities.
(5) The characterisation of the supposed
amino-acid-N-
deoxyfructoses has continued. A number have been
prepared
and their behaviour compared with that of the
substances
naturally present in flue-cured tobacco.
(6) A report has been Issued describing the
technique
for determInIng the separate amounts of glucose,
fructose
and sucrose in tobacco.
(7) The technique (2006) Is being applied to a
range of
different tobaccos. First results suggest that the
standard Somogyi method somewhat over-estimates
the
reducing sugar content of many tobaccos.
2010 Waterloo
(D.G. Felton) (1), (2) and (_3) Nothing to report.
2070 Colour
(D-T. Wood) (3) An appraisal has been made of the
present knowledge
concerning the effect of moisture and temperature
on colour
changes. in tobacco.
PROJECT 3000 CIGARETIE DESIGN: FACTORS AFFECTING
THE FORMATION OF &VOYM-2
3000 Smoke Research - General
(Miss C.W. Ayers) 4) The evaluation has continued
of samples submitted for
(C.I. Ayres) Project CONqUEROR throughout the
Quarter.
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(MISS C.W. Ayers) (5) As Indicated in the last
Quarterly Report, two
(J.D. Backhurst) lines of approach, aimed at
improving the smoking quality
(I.W. Hughes) of GOLDCHARK cigarettes, are under
investigation.. So far,
changes In tobacco blend have prdu.ed little
improvement.
The addition of a number of additives has,
however, shown
promise and is being pursued.
3110 Characterisation of Tobacco as a Smoke
Producer
(R.E. Thornton) (16) The smoke from cigarettes
made from a number of
tobaccos - flue, Birley and fermented tobaccos
respectively
have been examined for the presence of dime thy
lni tros amine.
If this compound Is present in the smoke it is
there in
amounts less than I microgram per cigarette.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (17) The development of a G.L.C.
method for the deter-
(S.R. Evelyn) mination of acrolein in smoke Is
still delayed pending the
completion of work under 3150/21 and 22.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (18) A report has been issued on
the modification of the
existing method for the determination of phenols
In smoke.
(C. Valentine) (19) Work has been commenced on the
factors controlling
the production of gas phase and, more
specifically,
carbon monoxide In cigarette smoke. 7he variation
in
the monoxide levels during a puff has been
measured for
puff durations of.'2, 4. 6 and 8 seconds. The
results
sug,kest that diffusion and temperature play the
major
role in the delivery of carbon monoxide.
(R.E. 11hornton) (20) The possible presence of
3-methvlchol&nthrene in
the polycyolic fraction of cigarette smoke is of
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considerable Interest because of its
carcinogenicity and
the fact that the sterol compounds in tobacco
might be
precursors. Experiments are being carried out-to
deter-
mine whether the compound Ils present in smoke,
and to
establish an upper level of concentration.
3120 Tobacco Composition and Smoke Chemistry
(D.J. Wood) (2) The tobacco produced in the 1965
greenhouse experi-
(Miss C.W. Ayers) menta has been manufactured into
cigarettes. Chemical
analysis of the tobacco and smoke Is now being
undertaken.
(H.F.D. Dymond) (6) 7he work has beeA completed on
the capillax-i (poly-
(Kiss C.W. Ayers) propylene glycol) column
analysis of the smoke from
flue-cured, air-cured, and fermented tobaccos. The
smoke
(from the fermented and flue-cured tobaccos),
after
passage through a Bondex filter, has also been
examined.
The analysis of results has been badly delayed
because
of poor service from r.B.M. on the computer
processing
of the chromatograms.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (8) The analyses of Project AF
samples 07 -.11 has
(A.R. Cousins) been completed and the results are
being evaluated.
(A.W. Cronshaw)
(R. Comber)
(J.D. Backhurst) (9) The initial results from the
experiments with a
chamber as an "artificial mouth* have indicated
that the
total amount of nicotine retained is not very
sensitive
to eitherthe pH of the buffer solution which
-lines the
chamber or to the pH of the smoke presented to It.
TKis
BATCO document for province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


.8-
work is continuing.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (10) A report has been issued
describing the results of
(R.E. Thornton) the analyses on the Mexican
tobacco samples.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (11) Cigarettes produced i~
Belgi,. by a simulated "French
(D.J. Wood) Process" have been compared with those
produd ed' in the
(J. D. Backhurs t) normal course of manufacture.
7he main findings were
that the "French Process", when applied to the
tobacco
of a dark air-cured blend, led to an increase in
the
smoke pH and an increase in the delivery of
"extractable
3140
O.R. Evelyn)
(J.D. Backhurst)
nicotine" sufficient to be detected by a smoking
panel.
When applied to the tobacco of a U.S. type blended
cigarette, the "French Process" had no such
effect.
The Effect of Additives
(6) A report has been issued on the transfer to
main-
stream smoke of glycerol, propylene glycol and
di-ethylene
glycol.
(7) The initial experimental survey of the effect
on
smoke chemistry of treating tobacco with a variety
of gases
and vapours has been completed.
(P.J. Nicholl) (8) The preliminary examination has
been completed of
the effects on the smoke composition of adding
chlorides
of cobalt, nickel and chromium to cigarette
tobacco.
(9) The effects of a wide range of additives on
cigarettes made from CH102 blend have been
examined to
compare with earlier work on a single grade of
tobacco.
The results are being evaluated in combination
with those
from 3148.
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(S.R. Evelyn) (10) The measurement of the extent
of degradation of the
glycols (3146) to acrolein Is still delayed
pending the
development of a reliable method for the
determination of
acrolein (3110/17)-
-3150 Transfer and Pyrolysis Processes
(J.D. Backhurst) (17) The experimental results
from the work on the
transfer of hydrocarbons -and eaters to smoke have
been
evaluated, and as a result it appears that the
experimental
procedures used were not satisfactory.
Consequently the
work will have to be repeated and as a result of
this the
report will be delayed for some time.
(S.R. ~Velyn) (18) A report has now been issued on
the application of
the furnace technique to the production of
aliphatic
aldehydes. Because of the discrepancies in the
results
of the colorimetric assay as applied to whole
smoke, work
has been started to compare alternative
colorimetric
methods (1100/28).
(21) 7he transfer of 6-methyleoumaLrin during pipe
smoking
has been found to be similar to that for coumarin.
The
transfer of dihydrocoumarin could not be measured.
How-
ever, with neither is there any evidence of
degradation
to coumarin itself. A report on this work has been
Issued.
(22) Experiments are under way to determine the
levels of
ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in PEG 200,
400 and
600. Attempts are also being made to study the
transfer
of PEG 200 to mainstream smoke during pipe
smoking.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999
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4 ~-


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,316o Development of Smoking Machines
(N.E. Willis) (2) The report on the 12-port
smoking engine Is delayed
(Miss C.W. Ayers) because of other work.
PROJECT 32M CIGAR= DESIGN: MODIFICAION OF SMOKE A
FOWATION
3200 General
(R.G. Hook) (1) The first set of theoretical
experiments on the
coagulation of cigarette smoke has been completed.
3200 Classification of Smoke Particles
(R.B. Richardson) (6) The installation of the
Conifuge has now been
(F. Russell) completed.
(R.B. Richardson) (7) The calibration of the
Conifuge has been started.
3 i% Structure of Particles
(R.B. Richardson) (3) She first series of results
of the experiments
investigating the deposition of smoke on standard
surfaces
are being assessed.
(F.F. Cinkotai) (5) Although it has been possible
to producir changes in
the contact angle and woric of adhesion of smoke
on glass
surfaces, the expected correlation with the
filtration
efficiencies of beds of glass beads has not been
observed.
(R.B. Richardson) (6)' A report has been Issued on
the effects of conc en-
tration on.the physical properties of solutions of
smoke
condensate in aqueous acetone. Although
concentration
has little effect on the surface tension, the
viscosity
Increases quite rapidly at high concentrations.
(7) As the result of a suggestion by Dr. Scurlock,
the
feasibility of detecting structures in smoke
pairtIcles by
C:>
C::)
N)
7 =
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


X-ray diffraction is being investigated.
3250 Capture Probability
(R.B. Richardson) (1) Since it has been
established that the capture
probability of smoke particles orr very fine
platinum wires
can, in some circumstances, be less than unity, an
inves-
tigation of the effects of wire diameter and flow
velocity
is being undertaken.
PROJECT 3300 ME MAIN FACTORS =r UENCING TASTE AND
FLAVOUR
3310 Analysis of Smoke with Respect to Flavour
Compounds
(K.D. Kilburn) (6) The data logger has been
successfully installed and
(A.E. Yallup) is operational. The G.L.C. programme
was completed and
tested using the data' logger; after some
modifications
it is now working satisfactorily. The programme In
its
present form is expensive and ways of reducing the
cost
are being studied.
(C. Valentine) (9) The panel testing of some
compounds isolated from
smoke condensate is nearing completion. In the
last
Quarterly Report, doubts were expressed on the
validity o~
testing compounds using good quality tobacco as a
vehicle
for those compounds. In this context, both good
arA poor
quality tobaccos were tested; the results were
Inconclusive.
(K.D. Kilburn) (10) Work has started on the
development of a computer
programme which will enable comparisons of smoke
chroma-
tograms to be made automatically.
3330 To Establish a Chemical Basis for Sensory
Testing
(K.D. Kilburn) (1) 1he testing of individual
members of the panel and
C__
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(K.D. Kilburn)
(H.F.D. Dymond)
(Miss M.G. lv-4nson)
-33 )40
(D.J. Wood)
(D.J. Wood)
(J.D. Backhurst)
PROJECT 3400
3400
(Mrs. S.L. Vekris)
of a number of compounds present in smoke (3310)
has
continued. The results are now being analysea.
(2) No work has been started on the applicazion of
a
digital computer to panel test results.
(3) Two nitriles, found in cigarette smoke; 1dave
been
shown to give acceptable panel response in R. &
D.E.
Larger quantities are being prepared and puriffed
for
further testing by panels external to R. & D_7 In
order
-to obtain suitable patent protection (filed
jure,, 1966),,
a number of homologues are also being prepared for
panel
test.
To Establish a Technioue for Assessing the Taste
and
Flavour of Whole Smoke
(12) When testing cigarettes made by the "French
Process"
0120/11) the performance of the duplicate Wor~=4ng
Party
compared favourably with that of the original
i;orking
Party. Further comparisons between the two a-re
planned.
(13) Because of discrepancies between some of
-.:-.e
analytical figures for nicotine delivery, the
report on
the relation between "extractable" nicotine and
panel
response will be delayed.
CIGARETTE DESIGN: SEXECTIVE FILTRATION
General
(14) The characterisation, of adsorbents continLes
with
the measurement of the sorption isotherms of
hydrogen
cyanide and hydrogen sulphlde on different types
of carbon.
CD
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Niss C.W. Ayers) (17) The examination of NEWCIG
samples has continuac
(R.E. Thornton) (27) The filtration of benzpyrene
by paper and ace--ate
filter plugs was found, as expected, to be very
si-flar
to that of tar. She examination of the effects of
a
charcoal filter is in hand.
(Miss- C.W. Ayers) (28) It has been suggested that
acetate filters gf-,re rise
(S.R. Evelyn) to formaldehyde when pyrolysed.
Samples of Filtroza
filters from Finland were received in R. & D.E.
for exami-
nation. At present, the determination of
formaldehyde
cannot be carried out in the presence of other
materials
arising from the pyrolysis of the acetate.
However,
attempts were made to determine whether
formaldehyde was
present when the filters were heated below
decomposition,
and none was found.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (29) A report has been issued on
a Meerschaum caz-.ridge
filter.
(H.G. Horsewell) (30) Filters designed to provide
"restricted" smok~_-g
(F. Haslam) have been made. The pressure drops of
the units axe still
too high and the designs are being modified in an
azz~empt
to overcome this. No laboratory measurements have
7et
been made.
(H.G. Horsewell) (31) Filters made from polythene
net supplied.by Saith
(F. Haslam) and Nephew were originally found to be
of little use as
selective filters. 7his material, however, is
now-being
re-examined with a view to producing
nelectrostatiem
filters along the lines of the PLIOTRON filter
which has
CZ)
00
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I NOVGrnber 1999


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been designed to remove tobacco smoke from the
atmosphe:,e
in aircraft. The PLIOTRON filter material and
information
was made available to R. & D.E. by the Research
Departmenz
(I.T. Co. Bristol).
.3410 Filter Additives
(T.W. Tolman) (9) and (10) The synthesis of
poly(vinylamine) has been
comoleted and tested as a possible filter
additive. 11he
material appears to have no useful advantages over
P.E.I.
These results are now available to allow
completion for
patent application.
(H.G. Horsewell) (11) and (12) A report has been
issued detailing the
(Miss A.G. Ivinson) effectiveness of zinc,
bismuth, iron and titanium compourds
as additives to filters for the removal of
hydrogen
sulp'nide from cigarette smoke. The data are
being' used
to complete the patent specification.
(H.G. Horsewell) (13) The study of the factors
affecting the performance
of filters impregnated with F.E.I. has been
completed.
The results are being assessed.
(14) A report has been issued on the Inorganic
s&lt
BONDEX filters.
(H.G. Horsewell) (15) A sample of C14 labelled
P.E.I. was received from
(R.E. Thornton) B.A.S.F. Filters are being
impregnated with this material,
and the extent of transfer to mainstream smoke
being
measured. This work is being carried out to
determine
whether F.E.I. added to filters will transfer*to
the
mainstream smoke under normal smoking conditions.
0"
cc
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(H.G. Horsewell) (16) As the second part of-the
work being done for
(R.E. Thornton 3410/15, attempts are also being
made to determine how
much radioactivity is carried over to the
mainstream smoke
when the burning coal of the tobaeco actually
smoulders
the filter.
3420
(H.G. Horsewell)
(Mrs. S.L. Vekris)
(H.G. Horsewell)
34,30
(R.G. Hook)
Filter Materials
(4) Samples of carbonised viscose fibres have been
prepared at Salford C.A.T. which are similar in
appearance
to those made by Le Carbone, but which are less
active and
somewhat inhomogeneous. The work Is continuing in
order
to produce a material which corresponds more
closely to
that from Le Carbone.
(5) 7he batch of viscose sent to Le Carbone for
carboni-
sation has not yet been returned.
(6) Samples of the carbons, before and after
purification,
have now been received from Louisville. These will
be
compared with the carbon samples in R. & D.E.
Mechanism of Selective Filtration
(11) Differential equations for the simultaneous
sorption
or desorption of two components on a fixed bed of
sorbent
have been developed and solved analytically in a
favourable
case. A computer programme is being written to
solve the
equations in the more general case.
(H.G. Horsewell) (12) The study of displacement of
smoke constituents from
carbon has continued. It has been shown that it is
only
possible to displace significant quantities of
phenols
QD
G
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when the loading on the filter is very high.
Initial
results with hydrogen sulphide suggest that when
this
compound is adsorbed onto a carbon filter it is
converted
to other compounds, possibly sufphur dioxide..
(Mrs. S.L. Vekris) (13) Experiments on the effects
of tobacco .type on-the
distribution of aldehydes and pyridine between the
two
phases of smoke as separated by a Cambridge filter
has
been completed and the results are being
evaluated.
(14) Although attemptz to measure the
vapour-particulate
distribution in fresh smoke have been rather
inconclusive,
there are indications that the measured ratio of
the con-
centrations; in the two phases may change by as
much as a
factor of two according to the method of
separation of
the phases.
PROJECT 3500 BIO-ASSAY STUDIES
3510 Project CONQUEROR
(C.I. Ayres) (,3) A report has been issued on the
initial results from
the Goblet Cell Test. The results were encouraging
and
further work has been planned.
3520 Project JANUS
(C.I. Ayres) (1) The results from the short-term
hyperplasia, test
indicate that a dose-response relationship exists.
(2) The preparation of the cigarettes (BO) for the
first
long-term skin-painting experiment is in hand.
3530 R. & D.E. Studies
(R. Comber) (3) Further pieces of 11-day embr7onic
lung tissue from
CX_1
~Lpl
BATCo document for Province of BrltlSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-17.
hen's eggs have been treated with smoke condensate
and
with benzpyrene, in tissue culture. Neither of
these
agents induced hyperplasia. Both had clear, but.
different,
deleterious effects on str,:.ture, when the levels
were
high enough. An attempt is being made to deVe lop
a
quantitative method for measuring this
deletelrious effect
of smoke.
(4) A report has been issued on the second method
of
measuring the toxicity of smoke to Paramecium.
This
method is being used in an attempt to discover the
nature
of the toxicity.
(5) Some exploratory work has been carried out
with
the object of investigating the effect of smoke
and smoke
constituents on cells. Mie cells used have
included
isolated chick embryo cells, a large species of
Paramecium
and root-tip cells.
PROJECT 4100 PROCESS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT:
PRIMARY
4 loo Primary Process Research
'(R.W. Hedge) (1) and (2) Analysis of data
obtained to ascertain the
sampling characteristics of bulk cut tobacco has
been
delayed by other work.
4110 Production Flow Problems
(A.E. Yallup) (3) The engineering drawings have
been completed for the
development of a feeder for the continuous
moisture meter.
412o Primary Process Development (ad hoc)
(F. Haslam) (1) The data for patent completion of
the ammonia
C:D
0 _1
( ri
4--
c0
CrIl
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I November 1999


-18-
(S.R. Evelyn) treatment of tobacco has been
considered by Jensei & Son.
(Miss M.G. Ivinson) In their view, there is little
hope of effective patent
protection and consequently the application
has-been
abandoned.
(2) An economic survey of the freeze dry1rig -of
tobacco
extracts has been produced.
(A.H. Wright) (3) Work on the elimination of
C.R.S. par-drying has
now been completed.
(A.H. Wright) (4) The performance of an air drier
has been compared
(R.W. Hedge) with that of a modern Legg drier. A
report on preliminar7
investigations of lamina treatment has been
written.
(F. Haslam) (5) Work on the ammonia treatment of
Phillipine leaf
(S.R. Evelyn) is still dependent on the
availability of this material.
4130 Basic Study of Tobacco Cutting
(A.H. Wright) .(4) Difficulties have arisen in the
operation of the
high speed motor for use in sonic cutting. This
project
is now in abeyance.
416o Pipe Tobacco Manufacture
(F. Haslam) (2) An experimental study of the use
of freeze drying
(A.R. Cousins) as a technique allowing perique
tobacco to be re-dried
without loss of aroma has been completed
successfully
and a report issued. More recently, further small
samples
have been re-dried for evaluation.
UNPROGRAMMED
(F. Haslam) Joint work with John Player & Sons
(Nottingham) on
(A.H. Wright) Operation AIRCHECK has been
completed.
rNI;
cc,
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 42oo
4210
(N.E. Willis)
(N.E. Willis)
(A.E. Yallup)
(D.B. Naylor)
(A.W. Cronshaw)
(F. Russell)
(F. Russell)
(N.E. Willis)
(A.W. Cronshaw)
(F. Russell)
(A.W. Cronshaw)
-19-
PROCESS RESE.,'R(7-i AND D_"nMOPf4MT: SECONDARY AM
PACKAGING
Cigarette Making
(23) The tests on nylon bands are continuing and
will
now include B.B.A. bands r;cent4ly supplied to
Southampcon
Branch.
(24) Work on the --ake-off mechanism has been
suspended
as the Mk. 8 is being used for the calibrated
garniture
(4210/34). However, a satisfactory electron ic
circuit
has been designed and constructed.
(27) Work on the effect of tobacco temperature on
per-
formance of MR. 8 making machines has been delayed
pending
the supply of suitable equipment.
(28) Initial tests with simple rails appeared very
promising. Further tests have been delayed by
3522.
(29) Because of the poor performance of the 1964
A. 8
at 2,500 c.p.m.., a considerable amount of effort
has been
applied to finding the cause, and some improvement
has
been achieved. However, a further comparison with
other
type Mk. 8 machines indicates that the 1964 series
is
inferior.
(30) Work on -the factors affecting individual
weight
performance of Y&. 8 making machines has been
delayed.
(31) The results from the work on group weight
perfor-
mance and its interactions with individual weight
perfor-
mances are being assessed.
(3.3) The investigation of densed ends has been
delayed
by 4210/29.
X_
cc
cc
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-20-
(D.B. Naylor) (34) The calibrated garniture has
been running success-
fully on production cigarettes for a period of
nearly
three months. Profile, ends penetration and
interiorscope
tests show no variation btweeh this garniture and
a
standard garniture, or between the calibrated
garniture
on machine OM.18258 and other machines. A few
modifica-
tions have been introduced to give better
operating con-
ditions and a more consistent initial setting-up
procedure.
It is intended to manufacture four more garnitures
for
appraisal on production machines in Southampton
Branch.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (35) A series of experiments is in
progress on the effect
of tobacco strand length on Mk. 8 making machine
performance
(N.E. Willis) (37) The work on the PA-7-RO. at
2,500 c.p.m. is delayed
(A.W. Cronshaw) by 4210/29.
(N.E. Willis) (38) The study of the higher speed
operation of pre-1964
(A.W. Cronshaw) Mk. 8 machines is awaiting the
delivery of change parts.
4240 Filter Machinery
(F. Haslam) (3) The development of bonded paper
filters has continued.
(D.E. Conway) Sample quantities of such filters
have been produced for
assessment and a questionnaire has been prepared
and
circulated to those territories which could be
interested.
(N.E. Willis) (4) N.C.R. have been approached and
have agreed to rapply
(F. Haslam) sample quantities of an encapsulated
adhesive which might
be suitable for BONDEX rod manufacture.
(F. Haslam) (8) The development of a high speed
atomiser for use in
(D.E. Conway) the manufacture of cellulose acetate
rods containing P.E.I.
C=:
C"
~_T
4 __
C__
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-21-
has continued and the unit is giving promising
results.
Levels of P.E.I. addition of around 3% have been
reached
at normal machine speeds and work Is continuing
with the
aim of increasing the levef to about 10%. It has
been
established that a hIgh speed rotary, atomIser Can
b.e
used for the spraying of undiluted Folymin P.
4250 Packaging
(D.E. Conway) (2) and (12) A report has been
Issued detailing the
further work on the transmission of water vapour
through
thin films. The results are used to calculate the
rate
of change of tobacco moisture content within a
pack of
cigarettes. Comparison of these figures with
experimental
results gives an estimate of the overwrap
efficiency.
Results are also quoted for measurements of film
dimen-
sional Instability and the effect on water vapour
transmission.
(N. Foster) (6) An Initial evaluation of the
Molina-Stabilag hot
melt unit has been made. The effect of thermostat
setting variations has been examined and a
recommended
running procedure suggested. Three adhesives were
examined in the unit and one of these, Swifts
B.9918, has
been recommended for further trials under
production
conditions. The unit has now been passed on to
production
for a further assessment.
(D. E. Conway) M Two methods of studying the rate
of flavour
transmission have been developed and applied to a.
system
CD
0"
77 :77:
BATCO document for Province of British Col Urnbia
I I November 1999


-22-
involving simple esters and- polypropylene film.
(N. ?oster) (13) A performance study of the Molina
WMH.2 overwrapper
(D.-T Conway) has been carried out. The study
included a comparison of
the running properties of viscofe and
polypropylene over-
wrapping films; the running efficiency of the
heaters
was al so examined. As a result of this work, the
WMH.2
machine has been modified in an attempt to
overwrap and
to heat tighten a polypropylene overwrap in one
operation.
(N. ?oster) (14) 7he general study of carton board
creasing properties
is continuing. An experimental creasing plan has
been
submitted to Chambon for costing purposes. Chambon
have
also agreed to provide a variety of production
samples to
enable a study of their standard production to be
carried
out.
(D.E. Conway) (15) 7he selection and testing of
materials for unit
(N. Foster) cigarette packing is continuing.
(N. Fcster) (16) Coatings have been assessed and
approved, and
(D.E. Conway) arrangements are in hand to produce
cut and creased X.S.
hinge lid blanks in a variety of slightly
differing sizes.
(N. Fbater) (17) 7he problem of removing the
tightened overwrap from
the 200's box is being investigated. It has been
shown
that the problem can be overcome by rendering the
real
along the back of the box strippable either by the
application of a seal modifier, or by using a
specially
prepared overwrap film. The possibilities of
patent
protection for this idea are being Investigated.
CD
CZ)
r\.)
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I NOVOrnber 1999


-23-
UNPROGRAY-,=-
(D.E. Corway) In response to a request from
Millbank a number of samples
of soft cup packings were made up to represent.the
possibilities available fo; increasing the
rigidity of
a 100 mm long soft cup pack. 7his work will be
followed
up at a later stage.
426c Filters
(N.E. wi--is) (9) and (11) Following a visit to R.
& D.E. of a
(F. Russell) representative from Jensen & Son to
see the Rultipass
(Miss M.;. Ivinson) Filter Machine, it wasagreed
that two patent applications
should be made, one covering the manufacture of
the
continuous shaped rod required for insertion into
the
filter and the other covering the assembly of the
final
filter. The former application has been filed and
the
latter Is being processed.
(F. Has!=) (10) and (12) Further samples of the
prototype filters
(Miss M.5. Ivinson) for restricted smoking have
been prepared. A provisional
patent application has been filed, and further
experimental
data Is being obtained for patent completion.
42 BO Cigars
(J.K. MI:ner) (1) Two filter inserters have been
constructed in R. & D.E.
and one has been attached to a plug cutting unit
from a
Molins P.T.C. machine. An automatic mouthpiece
feeder has
been devised and fitted. The assembly showed a
promising
performance with the mouthpieces obtainable at
present but
final testing awaits the supply of mouthpieces
with a
0-
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


-24-
slightly different shape. BettiX Limited are
having a
new tool made that will produce mouthpieces which
should
be more comfortable for the smoker and which bill
have
an Internal chamfer to help the :ftisertion of the
filter
plug. The operating efficiency of the cigarlet
assembler
has been improved to a reasonable level by the
fitting of
a third roller. One thousand samples were produced
for
transmission to interested territories. A report
has
been issued in order to explain the cigarlet
production
method to interested territories. An automatic
mouthpiece
feeder Is being devised for the assembler. M-,ree
assemblers,
one each for Switzerland, Honduras and R. & D.E.
'are being
made by Cannings, Ltd. Delivery is expected at
intervals
during June and July. Motors, guards, suction
pumps and
Automatic mouthpiece equipment will be fitted by
R. & D.E.
The prototype equipment has been demonstrated to
represen-
tatives of Vautier, Switzerland, who are to
receive the
first production set.
(N.E. Willis) (2) In order to obtain further
information on the use of
(D.B. Naylor) the electrically heated die, a
further series of tests
(Miss M.G. Ivinson) were performed using 70 =
lengths of both Perspex and
Nylon tubes. 7he results showed that a
satisfactory
moulding could only be obtained If a slow and even
pressure
was applied to the die at an optimum temperature
for each
material. Any attempt to speed up the "pressing"
phase
when the material was softened resulted in
buckling of the
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-25-
tube wall. It is unlikely that this process is
suitable
for high speed manufacture due to the long
moulding time
required. In view of these difficulties, the
patent
application has been abandoed.
PROJECT 4400 QUALITY CONTROL DEVELOPMENT
4400 General Consideration of Quality Control
(A.W. Cronsl-") (2) The report on recommendations
for factory methods
is delayed.
(3) Mr. A. Stone of B. & W. visited R. & D.E. and
the
background to a review of standard test procedures
was
discussed.
(4) Nothing to report.
4430 Cigarette Weight Monitors
(A.W. Cronshaw) (2) A report has been issued on
the development'of the
B-A.T./Solartron computer.
4440 Develorment of Laboratory Tests
(E.B. Wilkes) (5) A report has been issued on the
second stage of
development of the hydrostatic fir=ess tester.
(A.E. Yallup) (20) The delivery of the equipment
for R.H. measurement
(A.W. Cronshaw) is almost complete.
(E.B. Wilkes) (21) The development and testing of
the large sample
pycnometer has been completed.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (22) A report has been issued on
the I.T. Co. (Bristol)
automatic pressure drop equipment.
(23) 7he work on the measurement of filter tip
circum-
ference has been completed.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-26-
(24) Work has started on the application of the
centrifuge
test to filling value measurements.
P ROJECT 4500 INSTRUMIRIT DEV-z-G?Ma-TT
4510 Moisture Metering Ecuioment Insta-Ilation
(A.E. Yaliup) (10) nle metering unit for Holland
has been-c6mpleted.
-The measuring head units are under construction.
(11) 7he supply of an instrument to Wills is
dependent
upon out-side suppliers.
(12) 'Ihe compilation of the report on the
application of
continuous moisture meters is in hand.
(1,3) The text of the handbook for continuous
moisture
meter is being compiled and photo-reductions of
the necessary
drawings have been produced.
(14) One measuring head unit has been supplied to
John
Player & Sons (Nottin&ham) and the other one is in
the
final construction stage.
(15) Details for the continuous moisture meter for
Canada
have been forwarded to the outside makers of
metering units.
Drawings of the measuring head units have been
prepared.
4520 Sample Testing Moisture Meter
(A.E. Yallup) (10) The long-term trials of the
Kappa AB.68 whole
(A.W. Cronshaw) cigarette moisture meter are
continuing.
(E.B. Wilkes) (12) No slightly modified Kappa
meters designed for
marketing applications have been examined.
UNPROGMVMM
(N.E. Willis) An investigation has been made into
the control circuit
CZD
QIn
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-27-
requirements for Tonibell vqns. A prototype
control
circuit has been supplied for test. A report has
been
issued on the characteristics of the fans and
motors
used for the refrigerator condensers.
PRO.-ECT 5000 F.C.L. AND WASTE TOBACCO UTILISATION
5100 Waste Utilisation - General
(F.j. Nicholl) (2) As a result of Mr, Gupta's
visit to R. & D.E.,
further calculations on the economic feasibility
of
BATEX in India have been carried out. These
allowed
for devaluation of the Rupee and changes in the
blend
costs due to increased Tobacco Excise Duty and
increased
leaf costs.
(5) The completion of the general survey of waste
utilisation economics has been delayed awaiting
information
from Germany and East Africa.
(8) The analysis of waste tobacco samples from
East
Africa has been completed, but further information
is
required before the economic appraisal of the
BATEX
process can be completed.
(10) 1000.Kg of Izmir Scrap Tobacco has been
received and
arrangements are being made to evaluate the BAM
product
incorporated in the Virginia and Birley portiQn of
RALEIGH
cigarette blend.
(11) An analysis of waste tobacco samples from
Finland
has been completed.
Cz>
C^
(-P
CN
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-28-
5300 Paper Processes
(?.J. Nicholl) (1) Outline proposals for a
programme for the develop-
ment of a paper-type process for waste utilisation
are
under consideration.
5400 BATEX
(D.J. Molyneux) (24) With the exception of the
Allis-Chalmers Mill, for
which a sound-proof box is being made, the design
of a
package plant for the production of BATEX has been
com-
pleted. A report on its design and operation is
being
prepared.
(R.W. Hedge) (26) The feeder for metering
cigarette rippings was not
entirely suitable for BATEX. A simplified version
of a
Mk- 5 feed hopper has been built and will be
tested
shortly.
(D.J. Molyneux) (27) 7he manufacture of BATEX from
Singapore waste
materia.1s, haz been completed and will be
reported in
conjunction with 5400/24.
?IzDJECT 6ooo
6 ooo General
(A.H. Wright) (1) Comparisons between gas roasting
and air dr7'ing of
C.R.S. under normal factory conditions have
confirmed the
results of smaller scale experiments already
reported.
The trials have shown that the air drier designed
for
cut tobacco requires only minor modification for
regular
use with C.R.S. Uniformity of C.R.S. moisture
content is
comparable to that obtained with cut tobacco.
Experiments
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


6500
(N-7. Willis)
66 co
(J.K. Milner)
(R. Smurthwalte)
(Miss M.G. Ivinson)
-29-
designed by R. & D.E. and caLrried out in
Liverpool have
shown that gas roasting of C.R.S. does not give
more
aroma from the cigarette when it reaches the
consumer.
W.S. Process
(1) The summary of the field experience with the
W.S.
process is not yet completed.
Introduction of Stem Conditioning in G.F.F.
(4) There is nothing further to report.
BUILDING MAINTENANCE AND SERVICES
Laboratory Block
Conifuge installation completed.
Steam generator in operation in Laboratory 8.
Development Hall No. I
BATEC projects continuing.
Operation JANUS started.
Development Hall No. 2
Filter store provided.
Paper store provided.*
Pycnometer re-located In Conditioning Room.
General
New cloakroom fittings installed.
Statutory Inspection of 100 p.s.i. air vessels
completed.
PATENTS
Purchase and abstracting of patents of lnterest~
and
circulation of information to the Establishment,
has
continued. 4000 patent specifications from
Engineering,,
co
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


PAM= GRANTED
U.K. AD-clication No.
23,87.3/58
3,307/62
17,o71/62
27,% 877/62
24,119/64
OFFICIAL ACTIONS
T'i t1 e
Molecular Sieve
-30-
Millbank, have been added tq our stock.
New Anplications
One new Application has been filed, and one
prepared for
filing. An earlier Application covering flavours
for
tobacco, which was abandoned before completion of
the
Application, has been refiled. Four other
Applications
are in course of preparation.
Title Country Granted
Air Drier I Barbados
Moisture Tester 11 Australia
Filamentary Reconstituted Tobacco India
Protein FlIters Canada
Granular Rods (1.S.) France
Air Drier 11
Vacuumized Tins 11
Cigarette Holders
Tobacco Additive (Freeze Dried)
Filter Additive (P.E.I.)
Filter Tablets
Shim Comb
Shim Comb-
Country Response
Australia Minor Amendments
Proceeding to Grant
Argentina Further explanation
Canada Abandoned
Canada Abandoned
Germany Defended
New Zealand Defended; main claim
restricted
Germ any To be defended
U.S.A. Claims revision by
U.S. Agents
U.K. To be defended
0 \
BATCo docuMent for ProVince of BritiSh C01urnbia I
I NOVOMber


-31-
REPORTS !SSUED
Dur!ng the period the following reports were
issued.
R. & D.E. REPORTS
Title
Free and Restricted Smoking (The Development of a
Valve to give
Free Smoking Conditions)
Evaluation of Carbon Fibres as Potential Cigarette
Filters
The Taste and Flavour of Cigarette Smoke. Part 11
- The
Identification of Some Compounds Present in
Flavour Fraction DF
Project C0NQUERdR - Goblet Cell Test
Transmission of Water Vapour Through Thin FIlms.
Part 11 - Pack
Protection and Dimensional Changes
The B-~.T./Solartron Individual Cigarette Weight
Monitor
The Effect of Water Soluble Additives on the
Physical Properties
of BATEX
L~w Vol=e Production of Mouthpiece Cigarlets
The Transfer of Flavouring Materials. Part 11 -
6-Methyleoumarin
from Pipe Tobacco
Project LOC-1INVAR. Part I Transfer of Glycols
Number
RD.393-R
RD-394-R
RD-395-R
RD-396-R
RD-397-F
RD.399-F
RD.400-R
RD.401-R
RD.402-R
RD.403-R
N.)
C7 \
-7,
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-32-
LABORATORY
The Effect of Puff Volume an the Filtration of Tar
and Nicotine
by Paper Fflters Containing Acidic and Alkaline
Additives L.193-R
The Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of
Smoke Condensate L.194-R
The Use of a Furnace Technique for Studying the
Pyrolysis of
Tobacco Aliphatic Aldehydes L.195-R
An Appraisal of the Automatic Pressure Drop
Apparatus made by
the Research Department, Imperial Tobacco Co. (of
G.B. & I.) Ltd. L.196-F
Determination of Phenols in Smoke (Altemative
Method) L.197-F
Analysis of Commercial Mexican Tobaccos L.199-B
Nj
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-33-
ENGINE=EG REPORTS
7 he Mark 8 ~EN Cigarette Making Machine
(Prototypes Performance
at 25000 c.p.m.
Hydrostatic Firmness Tester (2nd Report)
Tests on 10 in. Diameter Kenlowe Fan/12V D.C.
Motbr UnIt Type 05
Redrying of Perique for 7hree Nuns
?reshipment Trial of a Production Mk. 8 SM
Cigarette Making
Machine (OM-28232)
E-76-M
E-77-R
E-78-M
E.79-F
E.80-M
Ln
(JI
NJ
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-34-
STAFF
Staff cnanges during the quarter were made up as
follows;
At 31-3.66 At 1,o.6.66
Staff employed 193 192
Pesignations pending 2 2
Retirements -jending - 1
.19" -,89
Staff recruited but not yet eziployed 3 1
Outstanding vacancies io 14
204 204
Additions (6)
C.T. COL"trell
Mrs. J.L. Sims
P.R. Buzidy
Miss J. Parker
'%Uss C.T. Bracey
I
Miss C. Bandey
Fesignations
Firs. M. Gurd
M.G. Sims
Miss R. Geary
D.R.W. Vallis
Miss B.M. Hindle
D.P. Cottingaa.'r,
R.J. Hamon
Laboratory Assistant Grade III
Telephonist
Technical Clerk
Laboratory Assistant Grade I
Laboratory Assistant Grade II
Office Junior
Telephonist
Assistant Librarian
Laboratory Assistant Grade III
Laboratory Assistant Grade 11
Cler~k
Technical Assistant
Laboratory Assistant Grade II
ON
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


5
rendin~-
J.D. Zdwa--ds-Webb
ice
C.
u i t7. e nt; nending
M.V. Lewis
Retirement -cending
A.h. Wright
Vacancies
4 Graduaze Chemists
2 Graduate ---ligineers
Assistants
Chemical Assis-,ant
Labora-.ory Assistanz Grade I
Labora-~ory Assistant Grade It
Grad~aze :-17gineer
CD
Ul
nt for Province of BritiSh COluMbia i NOVernber
999
BATCO docuMe


=Ops
D,zring the quarter, there were 1~8 visitors to R.
L- D.E. in addition to
---e regular visitors. T-hey included:-
R. Laem, Molins Machine Co.
G.H. Ashurst M. 111 b axL%
Barlow IMolins Mac*-ine Co.
Barradell J. Players, N-o-.tinghp-n
:r. D.A.F. Bradney 1b ad an
H. I.M. -Buc%:man TaIkoradi
F.W. Ghilvers '-U.Ilbank
?.V. C-arke Hong Kong
E.11. Clemende Brazil
1). R. Davies S.C.L'., Live-,%pcol
Xr. j.W. Dr-ir=ond Millbank
H-.. D.S. D-nbar Yill'bank
7-. A.P. Edwands W.D. &- H.C. Wills, Bristol
Z. J.G. Esterle B. & W., Loulsville
.--ss Foster H.M. Factoz-f M-spector
A. Goodchild Wiggins Teape.& Co.
.r. C.A. Gra:n~ T.R.C., Harrogate
X-. S.D. Gupta Irdia
X.E. Haines, Director Millbank
Xr. Harris B-A.T. Co., Bootle
Haydon 'ot
J. ?layers, N -zingham
Xr. G.A. Henley l1bank
Mr. V. Hughes
LI
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Mr. D. Hurley
Mr. R.N. James
Mr. W. Jewell
Dr. johannson
Mr. Z). Jones
Dr. j. Kiendl
Mr. A. Latiff
M r. F. Latta
Mr. R.D. Lowe
Mr. E. Luria
Mr. A.L. Mansfield
Mr. ---.M. Mbaka
Mr. C.A. Meikle
1-1,-r. A. Metzinger
Prof. H. Mullineux
i0 lr. J. Nankervis
Mr. j. Nash
Mr. XT. Nelson
Mr. Nesemann
Mr. 3.G. Newcombe
Mr. D.P. OtBrien
Mr. -Faillard
Mr. L.L. Page
Mr. B.G. Pinnock
Mr. ?Iummer
Mr. Rebeaud
-.37-
Malaya
S.C.L., Liverpool
Belgium
Tie~eman~s, Norway
S.C.L., Liverpool
Battelle Institut., Frankfurt
Director of Industries, West Pakistan
Surveyor, H.M. Customs
Millbank
Mexico
Chairman Designate, New Zealand
Nairobi
Port Harcourt
Vautier, Switzerland
Birmingham College of Technology
South Africa
H.M. Factory Inspector
I.T. Co., Bristol
Hamburg
Millbank
Millbank
Vautier, Switzerland
I.T. Co., Bristol
Royal Household
Collector, H.M. Customs
Vautier, Switzerland
Qn
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Mr. F.D. Rees
Mr. W.W. Reid
Mr. I.A.T. Robinson
Mr. Fogers
Mr. A.W. Rolfe
Dr. Schultz
Mr. P.L. Short
Mr. '.i. Sinclair
Mr. R.A. Smith
Mr. C.H .. Stewart-T-ockhar~t
Mr. A. Stone
Mr. P.
Mr. A. Sumner
Mr. P.G.M. Taylor
Mr. Mcmas
YIr- Tyson
Mr. Vickers
Mr. T.J. Walker
Mr. Webster
Mr. F.J. West
Dr. D.T. Westcott
Mir. Wes,--reads
Mr. R. Willans
Mr. E. Wood
-38-
Portsmouth College of Technology
British Tobacco Co., Australia
Brazil
W.D. & H.10. Wills, Bristol
Millbank
B-A.T. Co., Hamburg
Millbank
Millbank
W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
Millbank
B. & W., Louisville
Hong Kong
Malaya
J. Players, Nottingham
London Press Exchange
London Press Exchange
Australia
Millbank
W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
Ibadan
I.T. Co., Bristol
J. Players, Nottingham
Pakistan
Millbank
(IQ
0 `1
-C=)
BATCO document for Province of British Col uMbia I
I Novernber 1999