N- I !,.,i 11 0,04
V L`;L. FU I IUL
jnj~: rcpurL j', to revil i,xawii.-- -tid pro.it
rilw a9i 4,11i. In .I 1010:-'t,
O'l I L-t.~ f0.iAn,j tu tob,)Cc :A-1lU i F-1~ -11d
110JI LUcLiiiining it) 0,11.
activitil.,; and filldirrs, can 1), vi-bitrat,11,
divide(; ittt,~
5-ycar 72rioft. Thc first or'- -..-cond -,:-iod,,
cov:-. thc pcist and pvcscnt
activities, while thc third pciri6id projCcts out-
fi-t-a-e plaris ill developing
a safcr tobacco.
1964-1968 - Exploration period
1969-1973 - Experimenting period
1971-1978 - Dcvcloping p--riod
At each period we enjoyed the co~,p~~i-ation fiv,t
NCI and many scientists
f rom 41-his Group. In 1964-196G, Drs. Kotin and
ral?. from NCI took active parL
in the conception of the ARS tobacco-health
progrz.-,i. Now many scientists ill
this Working Group are collaborating or
participating in our research. The-
etivities which I am. going to describa "include
IM Intra- and extramural
ch a~ tie] I as cooperati ve efforts wi th
-don-esti c and forei gn nsti tutas
.resear
When t.he Surgeon General's Report-on Smoking and
Health was released
in 1964, plant sci6htists we-re uncertain as to
how to modify the tobacco,
plant to meet the, Aieed- One cool d not
~ist-inqui sh', front them haill-th point -
of viml, which sample is more desirable than tM
other, and there was-no
-7,7.7
302058799
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


7777
for
I\, j w, di I i i,y t%,n.-, io,
I C.,.f,i 4.1 -i I) ve t i o! 1i (,r L i I i -~c
r'rx r i no -nts IIiIL;' 'n inU m~:thud';,
A pi -1,CM0119 fi'~)W 1~-LCU jllrtivlll~ (T.I.'S)
-4- --,_i con~,I),"("Ll orl luvuls 01 nitr:i'-_:;,
poiyjj~, ,vts, ard phytosterolL.
Prof*:'i-u-ss %..,as j;:idc it) ivcveral areas of
i;ctivity:
77 A nut., grotip of compounds, fatty alcohols,
and esters, were
'
developed for tobacco sucker ccntrol.
2) The source of N-210 and Pb-210 in leaf tobacco
-was identified.
Tbe.,,e elements can be reduced if necessary.
3, AfluWxins were eliminated as licssible sii.C)ke
hazard.
4) ViZu variation in leaf tobacco of alkaloids,
polyphertols,
phytosterols and nitrates was found in Nicotiana
plants.
Because of limited funding situation and
lit.,flited tobacco material, most
of the 'leaf samples produced were DrTly used
for.chemical analysis. Some of
6 ein were selected- later for ~shcjrt- tarot
bioassay of leaf extract
Ito
&'.Vl-i"ic nz feret-_es were found among these
samples.
B. 1969-1973
Ye conducted well designed experimatifs of
definite objectives for-
identification-of p racu rso r- product
relationsMp among leafi smoke, and
various aspects. of biological responses-. At
thp__sma tiviLi., eXVPriW4-"ts
vmr;a conducted and progress was made on geneticsi
clilture, curing, pos-t- -
harvest tr(~atj-eiits, pesticides and
physi6logical and biochemical studies of.
LW
302058800
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


07 _~
'7
- z7z~
C 0 i. ~'J
I AV,
V" r,
Lui .,I,u rr, (hnMr,f;,
C-1 V
piysica I prnp.-rti(,,_- of thc I ini.,Jn-d
pi-oc:i,cf
3) Post-harvcsst troi---t and p:,.~: ui iwj
0-catment of Icaf
tobacco such as freeze dryin,, and other processes
way reducc
the undesireble cumhu!~tion pk-oducts.
4) EstablWi the relationship beticen nitrosamine
contpnt in
the smoke and the nitrogenous fraction in leaf of
different
tobacco samples.
5) Thrutigh correlation studies, some precursor
product relation7.
ship was found among various leaf components,
smoke compo-sition
and biological activ4ty.
6) Bioassay uf verious pesticides including soil
fumigants,
nemati ci des and Suckering chemicals
resulte"d-in. identification -
of certain undesirable materi-als.
_7 or 4 4caf t6bacx1b, the desirable
characteristics are fire--holding
capacity, K.- ceI I wall substances, ftitrate
"itrogan aspartic acid anO
malic acid.' The variables which show positive
associatJon Witb- TPM,
phenorls and BaP are trichome number, leaf
thickness, moisture oquilibrium,
aI. 0 -tal, alpha
-total nitrogen, tQt taloids,to
total free amino acids. dimethylamine, total
polyphenkils, oxalic acid,
302058801
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


_X
3 ~_
_4
Zi
111-14 J~Y I I
tti! ::LCL) ypi-~~, v r ~~o L it O-oqeii I ei,;, I
i s 1,,c i- ri nn aq-
1-,A.!~ ionship Va am'
prr P I' ou,
1 ii-iI1),J;J0II 901&r~Ud fi_~" W,'~ Q f i: tV
th
contri butcs to 1.1a, P of rc
C 19 71 19 7
periods are exploratory it: na"itre, for the
purpose cf
The prpvious V L
defining the role of agricultural research in
sm"itiq and iicalth program. 1
-xt period, we hope that a "theoret-cal model" of
a
the activities of the riL
safer tobacco leaf cart be established and woft
to.-rd that rz3al
1) Develop reliable short-term bioassay systems
for screeni rig
large numbcrs of samples generated by plant
scieiitists~ Fach
system may meet a specific objective.
2) Establish a "Theoretical Model" or
"llypotheti.cal M*del" for a
safer tobacco leaf. This would inplude defining
the botanical
properties (such as trichopie nu!~ber, ,'leaf
shape); physical
chernical.pr6perties (such as alkaloids,
phytQsterols, polyphenols.
wax, terpenes , potassium); and agronGmic aspects
(such as -3-1 e1 d ,
uniform maturity, curabil-ity, pesticides,
fertilizers).
3) S~reen irom availablc Tobacco Introductions
(T.I.) for various
-dz:: &I
e jeure-vical mo0el.
4) Produce, as allowable uncker practical
conditions, pesticide-
frce", tobaccos frow both Surley and fluc-cured
types.and r,~akn
302058802
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


(A ew'.' ovj: till C- "tid
If.6 vi IIt 11c,
R-)
V j
Pc r h: lei) 111-1119 (111.r)
I i o ronmn ,,,l 1of pr~,cursors c,,
co1I1rj':j:f prol.1--i Oltl de';irahle and
illiprovf
I L
6) Condvc-t swoke end lrio,t~isay studies of
tob~!LLQ varictics or
breedli-ig line-, varying in wax content and
terpone content.
7) Conduct precursur-product correlation study of
leaf, smoke and
biological activi-ty with Burley-tobacco types
similar to that
with flue-cured type.
8) Studies on nitrosamine. Conduct inhalation
studies and
establish the critical dosage level of
riitrosamines. Examine the
different effects between nitrogen application in
the field and
those spiked onto leaf tobacco, detemine the
volatile and nen-
volatile nitrosainines in the smoke.
9) Conduct comp)ete leaf, smoke and-bioas-say
studies of a series
T _vV.
-of szq;1C5-W5d% di'll"ei-e-A 76 1 ic 'ii di
i o ne e s in v ng
0.4,0.6s.-0.8. and, I.O..percent nicotine tobacco
from. f I ue-cured
and,flurley types.
10) Continue studies on-treatment of cured-leaf,.
-This inc-ludes
phys i-cal (e.g. freeze drying), chomical (e.g..
A00i tiv 5), and
biological (e.g. ferwntation, bacteria)-means.
302058803
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


vot'.' o' Itit''!,
wl (,I-, gill 11.1r, .~i
Mud,
ted-inin,,.!c-, for c~~11 CU1i--1)1- -, proi.(.;,.
f-.'J hybi-li-
zation 01)d Select ion.
CIO--Q coorvilwl iml Uild NCI will, 1~c
essentiijl in coridUCting the%e studics. Ccrt~-in
studir-1 will lip under-
taken through ccllabw~ation with scicntists of
state . 1 pi-ivat(: insti-l'-
T. C. Tso -13
July 24, 1~lf
302058804
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999