Rri-f ft~ D~ith Alediml Bullai-i-21-2.p.49-U.1974.
Physical fitness and coronary
Physical fitncss aud coronar be-rt disensc ir.
Capicnhagm
y
men aged 40-59. 111
heart disease in Copenhagen
(f.- -1-d a -rking .V-Ily)
Incii aged 40-59. 111
By Finn Gyntcll~g
(Facto" "lated to working capacity)
Phy-.1 m-tml~ .,..ay H* f.clo, h,.
been widely Md,fird and di-awd since At o r r is
(1953) fi.,! I.Y1.11-k (h.l.
Fi.. Cynsclb-g in J.b. r.j.i,ing physi-I -tMly 1-1
1c..
ri.k f ;~r-ti- j~ ... j.
-1-tary J.b. (F.,, ,t ~1- 1971). D.,-I.g (h, )..,t
"',t3- Yc-.. h.. :, ,,,
th~ ml-h,i,~ (,f I..., .-lc
.-p.,li -1,Mly =.rc ..d ..,c
Thc,f.,,. thc i- .,ftd hyp.lh-i. h..
b.- of i- 1-.6-1 i-prl-, H,,
cently, however. Moral s et PL (1973) found that
tnen l.kin rLigular vigorous ici-c-lime f4iysiml
9
-livi ty haid a io- inrid-ce of inyocardhil
infare-
tim. "alher hjp~~is was subscquenfly fonnu-
litW: 'Habitual ,wo-A c--J. d.rl~q 16-
linic -twes like iacidence of co-nry 1-rt fliz.
J. tuiddlo Ke -..g RM,,41.ry -,k.,.
r Vig- -Oi~ifics which -- orl..l for such
-7
Dp-.---.t r flat-
..d SWL-1
D.P---t C,
A,,oW for,pubilti- 8-1-297,L
T:
302058715
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
April 1999


-l:-.V.,j.n i. ,f 1h, ruerl-iuu, f protection 2~
"t b1c.-I the 'itti.g
g--,-t ;,k fa,:L~u ~. ~,ud th,
7- i,ug ,I if,,- heart and yucrn 3) or h6ght ".,I
w"ight.
irnrlil, an iru--e f Ih, i.di,id.O.
1
4" M
i
I
i
i
ulltak, 0, , I I . . d & It u h d . h 1 1-71). r..
;ui-uczu
ct"
.-
pred
rn.1 ..Yg.., P-
11 -gin. th,rel.- b~ ,]cvn.1 t~ st 1y the
relation. take. using an indircel rnrlhod (A a I r
a n At &
f -i"..) ".v- upluh~ 1" fact- In- to
i Y h ~ I . g All .A.c. are c.pre.-,cd 1.
~':
I
wil), b-It di. A direct 'Xk
i-fi-, ~,r the i.di,id-I I .. i-I oxygen Th, b-n
J..-.,.d in detail in
UJA~- i, i faracl'-I L- I... al-r, I p-i- paper
(C. y n t c I b e , g 1973).
f., --l reason, But . fairly good .1i..Ic of the
maxi-I oxygen uptake can be nrldeved by the
bicvcle ergurneirv fe%t conducted by A z I r a A d
-d .1.141i-I Whed.
and 11 y h in g -1954). The level of All
infornialiou obtained frain queVionnaire, and
_Y~'. uplake '10,.i.ed J'y the above rnelh.d,
nu:a-remenis was transferred to punch car& ruid
..) pre-1c.c. I ...... y risk factors in a large
ra,oces%ed nt Northern European Uniiwrsity Cona-
group 15249) of iniddle-.ged Cpc.h.gcn rn.les, has
poling Centre. The following 1hrre ... ly-s w,.e
been de-ibed ..d in p,,i.., corn...i- c.r,.,d ont:
1) Cr-tatutiation or discrete vuri-
1 i-. The gtuup vrith overt coronary heart dis-
ab)es and conkinou.% variables after
strallf)-finfl,
Z'
e (CJID) was corapufled 10 WhICCIS without 11113
Each 1-f-rued ..,. applied 1. the
...if-Wi.n. and 1he patter. f -nary 'j.k f- whole
sample, and to each of the above agge groups.
lors known from the literal- was eonfirmed A
Chi-.qu,- test v-, used ..~. the test .1
ig.1fir-ce
(G yn , elb c r g 973) . 1. IN- p,,,I.t for each
table. Since the c-'abulations applied
cation. [he Mdre rnalcrial was analysed and the to
the Wgk w g-p- did ..I yidd difi-I or
chara.tcrDaic, of phIrsic.11y. fit and ]c,*-fit
rn.lcs, additional -lir from those applied to the
wholt-
defined by their o-ygen uptake ability, were
studied. ninteri.1 t-f-ra .-ber. in tabulations
Factors, relevant to ~ronary heart disease were
and a few e-plions to be mentioned below), the
c.."aed, In portimlar. latter will lu~- -d j. the
following. 2) A .,tdtl-
variaLe annlysis of disf-sion was used for the
con-
nW tnthd ti.-, .Xi,.blc& From 0-1. .-ty.4 . P-11.1
C.,
The saimple examined comprised 5249 mules aged
relalion coefficient w. deterrui.e'L.3) Finally, a
40-59. employed in 12rge private -or pablic crie,
tnelfille a..IyJ, ,, p,rf..n,,,i on
pr15cS ~11 Copenling- The response rate for parfi
lected d2tl. ._ "Crf.".ing flu, Wt- two a...
elfaiji.. in the study -s 87.3 per cent. The -up],
ysvs, data %vere chw" rpr norinality and, it Cc.-
4"9 -
w. di~ldcd into f- age groups. ~10-44 (1) sry.
bl..,l 8a1. ..re transformed I.
.
-
;
I th. -lyi. 61' IN .3joILLO A". W_ .41ty =rx-
~Pel
W). Sb-
.ad 55-459 (IV) yea-
4 (IT
Y, _
reii -,-on .-plyst., to .1d2in finear
Wow"
L .
to ahe regressioD analysis
residuals WCVc thec1cd
at the difte-u
I .-Mp~.i.&. ,
k
pitrameters were studied: dence, of pdr-
er.. The,
1 ;;
U
the regr&A..
'i
1) A. shun. histort obtained by,_a.brICf 4.wiw~
pro,,Id-d the poopift f awydac single factors.
natm and an Inferriew by We atith
or. keeping the alheA e.4i.nt.
30205B7`16
BATCO doCUMent for Province of BritiSh ColuMbia 19
April 1999


4 5
Z; -5 0
I at Ihcy crc ..dc,
ing "hit j. and ~W-N willi
in.' "" "."'d
with -pm-1 1. lih, i-1 tih-s to subi-Is kith no
(I. hl, 11. A, ,,, 11,ighl
N"T T -h ilk-
7. ...
will, 11'. b- ciin i"n. of c.,d,--c.htr
were I--- fit. Sul,J-1. ~ho s.tcd
d
1 h.t th, 1,.d 1_1 a ty,j, .1 .1t.,,k .1 gr.,. "I
h-n
treated for an X-ray-verified ticptir ulecr, or
had
t re sirnihirly comp-d to sub-
ieiratts'cwt'homicaliti us~',wcre c -ced disc...,.
A. S
c.1 ri tl,_c
wi I lic seen in table 1, only . slight 1-d-y of
1,-
jAkyulcal fitn-s - found in the diab~ti- Thou
h-ig had - attack .( gout I- had I- physical
fift-,. but Ih, diffeltifice did -L leach
ticin.) le,els or shiti,tic.1 significance. The
pcpUc-
........... uker group =,so-ad.to have higher
physical fit-
than r. tZ I iff,enc., h--. - not
ly i5nificant.
S.bircit- Y.M...
Subject. h. ga- the qwsl onnaire
ling be dl~x- ic -Uc 1. .1 tigj- =toris
f
.in;
(AV or Itit-itle., clodic.ti.n (IC) --di.9 1.
R.- N ). were -P-4, tin iioibj~Ls with no
hcr AP or IC. As - In table 11, the z A ai
'if cit
It-" of thic b.,e y.i0lo.- - -Wi-&
by lower phyical fitnm Ilmn ~trol& It may be
h.wc,j,, that . f- subjeets vrith AP or IC 2
-kd ' -! 7-~
;~it' -it, fit.
-Phyi X2% z z
Subjecti" 'y.pt... of 4-1- of breath ,ad
d
fLU-6 as e. In. whIc 11.
AW. the .it- I prftUOe4 -ia-l -"aan
ptak. far -L f th. abu- ita- group, b - I.
tb,. 11. Tb. 4-r- In -Inuil -W. ptakit
ege Vft &t2LlAkaUy agalfic-t (P. < M).
"6 th
let
302058717
0 document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
April 1999


6 7
Hc,*f1.hf: no relationship hetween height and
phy. cut fitness wns b,e-ed (- table
R'l.th,c ""fght of 'I-d.,d ij1hf
1
r
Mi", to "M l"ight (GY,n1elb-g 19731)
suid tuciyhl: both of the,,- in-xel,
1. fit 1. table M.
2 Blood pressure: both syntolk and diastolic blood
prmurc were Invers,ely related to phymical
fitness.
Ilic correlation eneffiripnis ~ti In table IV are
correcled for Influenre of weight and relative
weight.
Phllsie.l _11MU .1 J.,
As - io ;.bie V, thr amount of physi-I -livity
re. questions. No
at work .- estimated from th
rclati-hip betwe- oer.pati...) Physical activity
and fit.- was bs-ed,
Phy.ic.1 itelft,ify in, leisure. 11-
A. seen in table VI, physical cU,Uy
-,is estimaled from three questions. A highly
%Igni-
fi-.t re tift,hip ... Fosmd bt.- phy.ix,.1 fit-
phyi,.l ,~(Mty.
Smokiug habits
R Th. rel.ti-hip W.- ;.oki.g h.bits. and fit-
nppe-arjo.~ table VII nod VIR. MI.M.hingly,
mnokers proved to be, more physically fit Its-
non.
smokeFs, and mn-l- habitually inhaling vrtre Tnove
fit It- n.n-i.h,,W,.. When ..p.,I.g the
Zi S_ie4 of smote" with corh Other, it aist- f6om
n:i
4
c
~lth
r
talg
VII ib
1
Iji
is z -VX - Z. e
-
u
-
e-,
.
a-
a
tpq"
imber of Ig
be iW,o ll.t zlg., alld cheroot -,Acr, irc I..
j. -'phyxicidly [it "n p1he, wn.kcm Wh.'ei. Op.
AL Piw Uad
oxygm qptk. v.1,.* ..It Xb. (he rVe igr the
t
h
l
i
l
Dtff
=ri
i
I
ki
.3 w
,-,,,,t
o
e ma
a
nt
ou.
er
:
ww
.g
Ptter. - not tdied.
t
tj Ue --stia6kr. -- "tiff.4 into three
givapli, -A wevi 1. t.b
wilh
l. VM, -d compard
.
.
_4 21
$66
PA
V I'
nu ki- ,
302058718
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
April 1999


The -qat*on bef
and frdf-ftv Pne-ura
= z
L
9-P 40-4 146q 3b.1
11 41~-49 1643 314
1,, 6044 1254 31.6
group IV M-59 848 29.9
P < MI
T.M. IV.
C-f,Mfi- of i-di-Hu ---MW -Vv- P-
t.k~ I- hd,ht. -i,hk -Nh, -d Ji..Wk blood y--
i. of o-1 -igh, ..d
0 ; R di -R"
N: 6192 ..bi-u
h,-Iht: 174.4 0.00 H.S.
-1 la: 77.2
35.1 -0.32 .801
di. Wk. 43~2 -0.27 .001
Ve x
-wt 1. rhy.i-j fit.e,, Ubjeet. ~h. t:,ted they
had ucvcr Svnok~d ore Ch than t1n, e-
I
-t
" 7'
- , , I -
-kcma!~O. Ind -kly 1). W... - - :1
- - h.d th~ d .-Oft-- --. -
Age (111furene- tniskd swo.9 #J,. eae-
f Th.,6 pip, -,.km tended t. be
y ... Or, 06 6s., AW eb,:r-.l 1~ be Wr.
'
--
d'
U
F
k
~d
~I
A.
~:r, h
-
-or., U. sn
W-
~
W
phWil.
rel.W, ~efght. t~.w .-xokeri (76.4 kIL
7 N.8 kg, Qnd 100.9 p- -I rel.t- weight'
or._ 03.2 pe, -.0-11wh th.. diMr-ces
419ftlfieOnt (p < MOI)x AV dIffe-nees ~d the
ah-. -ight diff.-ces .10t -wt fo, me a,
z
13 ATCO document for Province of British Columbia
19 April 1999 302058719


S.
10
the in phy.ical fit.c. found bet.-
s-kers an( non-oker, However. applying Ili
::!~;Vc Lcd reg-Ei..' I,, A.I., 1h
:
Ji.e.r ffert, f age and M.tiv. -ight pon Pl";-
-31 fith'. '-ld h,
fil-, keeping -izht w..
I': 1 0,/ ;;/rnii. for each d ... de. Thc effect
of
- 0.1 ~it %/41min for ,h 11
iiar-se in relative weight, Considering
thj- figures, age differences and weight differen-
, 'w
'_ ;cn.snink- iind-non-tmokers Rr* highly un- '4
lik, explan2tions for the differences found with
Al,.h.t --pit..
The fir ferred !;art of aicohol taken by the
majority
.1 ubjLels P.1licipa"119 in thi..Idy -as bect. In
I.blc X, the rcItl,)n0hip to phybi-t fitness is
A de.- 1. physical fil-, kith . rise In alcohol
intake - bs.-cd.
X relationship of coffee consumption and physiral
ZZ Was r.."d.
Ustal trunquillizers or sleeping drugs c4
S."iects who regularly had an intake of the above
drug~i had I.- physical fite. tb.. ti-e net
taking the- dru$3 (P < .001) (table X.D.
Z.:
DISCUSSION
F-un th. sib-c data, it is b,i.., that ...y dif-
."'iAdlc-.ge4 rit. S Ihe -I.et.r. itw -4
." Tno$t of -
1,.,. .I.ted 1. Mae" are known to be r-Ary
6 A (S i . b 0,g ,070). or factor. I~
*at'ret-ted to cistm-ry how" 4i"dit, tht diffr.
r6 und are rcli?Yant to the problew of p1witical
activity In corwary Itcatj djm.~ From the-abme-
cited -,)tudy by M or r 13 et' alz (1973),
vigorous, Affll
Z ;.- -
RES
302058720
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
April 1999


TW. N'll.
The relationship betiveen synoking and (ndir,etlU
m-~u-I -W9- percent. o f mibj-t. in l.uj,.t,
medium and tipper quintile. Afean valuf 3 for
ongen upinke are tabulated for Me various
jmoj~-itig
L M U W- C.1 t P < K
Smoking yes k2A 22.4 2U VO 1. lk."I 4 .001 3772
no 25.2 21.6 16.9 32.2 Z 144U
cis-tien 0 23.7 33.0 laic
14
IM
18.6
23.7
33.7 272
3-5 18.9 30.2 18.3 33.3 57-1
6-10 18.7 21.2 24.6 344 61.329 20 .005 607
11-20 25.0 21;6 18.6 32.4 747
20 28.9 24.2 1 b.6 31.6 128
0 21.2 22.3 21.9 33.3 3287
1-2 3 1.8 21.7 1S. 11-.5 W9 a 0 12 .065 313
3-5 27.0 27.0 18.9 31.9 74
5 36.0 17.5 12.5 31.2 40
Cheroot. 0 21's 22A 21.4 33.2 2509
1-5 21.0 21.7 22.6 33.4 36.2 1 f, 12 .0005 893
6-10 33.8 20.1 14.8 31.2 284
10 22.6 38.7 12.9 32.1 31
Pipe 0 26.7 22.1 17.8 34.7 1678
1-5 20.3 23.1 22.8 35.1 64.342 12 .0005 1012
6-10 171 1.1.3 26.5 a" 749
10 15.3 24.7 24.7 37.5 299
Inhaling yes 21.0 213 22.7 3M 10.499 4 .001 2UO
25.7 23.1 15.8 32.2 oat
Table Vill.
-14diriwiv jnot~uargd pogM Apt4kcx per~:ents of,
subjectsda si4bicets in lowest, nediunt a*d uPP-tr
Quintile and mean
varuft (MI/1.91min) for "a
so- CM Rut.
Never smoked 22.4 191 -18.tl !3,i 458--
Smokod < 10 cigarettes 23.9 23.2 28.4 314 00
C SmcJLgd > 10 CigarCIU3 28.3 20.9 16.3~ 31.5 502
Total no A-smokers 32.2
302058721
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


14
letsur U, ily ;.'n~d t. L"
t
1 a, ed 1. dirnini,3-1 i,k Pco-..,y hc.,t dis-c.
!
.hi. .-y h-c thc f,,;I-i-g -10.,-tion.,: M ~ig--
-'-iu! is in "."elf P-1-1me, b) ~'Ror-
c--6-, h- . hc.,Ii,.M effect up,,. the, car nary
risk f-'- nnd, lhemhy. on coromry risk, r) sub-
je, - ex, reising vigo-sly are a %elf selceled
group
of I~pc-'~ally 1-01hy I.dMd..I.. A. ..pe.Wd. it
i~, the v--t I per t-t
physic.ii fitness was related to Icisurc-time
physical
V pecially VigcjMUS excreiie .,h as bicycl-
activil
irig ".,1 1,,. '.Ms --, ti.
prenerri ;rudy i-y further clucid.1, the .- hypo-
th gs b LNI o r r I s c4 M. (1973) bility
c
b) can be analysed in some dcl~iill that possi
The three malor coennary risk factors found in
se'erid epiderniologiral studies on coronary heart
disc- -e: high ILIA. of atruffl cholesterol, high
blood pre-tre, and, =aklig (S i M h 0 i~ g 1070).
The h~ -ca. cr- cholesterol ad
[Uness t~ been, dealt with in a previ,~*% paper;
only
i .I relti..-bip w.sofound (r
P 05) Gyn clb-crg & hl4en 1973. The
rclationsl~ip between high blood pressure and fit-
c.. and I.I-H -kirdnd fil-mas e-l-ted
in this ktudy will presently be discassed.
~nbjcrrts with a high fitness score iende(t to
luve
r h"d pressure thun thoic with low fit-
This could -1 be! rrlb.d t. -ight diffe,
~.ccs .2-, sin,-. thi, factor was ruled out in the
..1tW.- t~ n.)y.i.. Ag. diff-a- b0w- th~
ad k-fit, subjocLs -Id. b--, -161-1~
fit
2 to fi a4ing. '%Vi thin eauh age.groulijiowever,
the
same p.t!cen ..,'f-d; lberef-.-Mis si.Wle
*pja.-QPA Qf. Lbx fdi.9 ilar-balklY --i ~1411d,,A
_Illar ft,hug Was L--cd by'13.jk,~ U959)
and by I-Age Anderson andElvik
who fv..4 Wwr'blood pr_.-e L _k.. In yl..g
frols~. Afik ftiTtIng hal
va"ared ta-+.Ii
been d-a.tr.Ld_ ta, d-rew. bt-d jl,,~.xuft
(Boyer& Nnsch 1970). and'thfs supLports the
15
F
E
M;
B
E
.5
E
6
.6
r,
L!
is
Z
302058722
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19
April 1999


t 6
..H.. .1 a r[fret W.Mi-hip I'M- fil-s.
I- H.. ,
bu,
1-cfici:'l Ifect ~' at , his
imp-t-t --ary Rick farl-
i
--r' f-a4 i" be ~Jig I'll In- fit th-
"--ke- Tbi. .bahly me... that . be-lieud
"'fe, .
r i'~ --' be do, to d;rfcr-
1. '.mki.g b.lhl, W-- fit ad 1-fit
1
1
Thi, --Pt is I- by 0,, 11
." .
.
o irt IT1173), '-:.. did not 1
;
;
r
`--thne phy-al Whily '0.-
`
I
mi
i
ZerS and non-sinokers. The relationship found
be _1 k i'g in he pre-A Judy
M.- in the egr-i.n
-eight ;md age diffe-ecs belwern :Mo-
and non-smok rs %-ert! unlikely explamatio S of
t
fin A
he ding. pass, b, -142nation of some of the
differe he f- 11,1-t ex-okc. .., ,.,e
are "it
stopped smo ing bee- of eh-ic ill- Thu~%
s,(bje,(, ~h. )'ad tie- smoked Id fit-,
seuie cowl to the smokers. The differences in fit-
e. bel ern lh~ -ker may ill-frad.
th.t , -U. sele~ti.n Ww- ...ke. tak. phiee.
The ~)mice of -ki.t; eigar.11- ig.m or p1m,
lad.U.K ,.d the 1101~e r -king may -11
e be an Mfix-ed part of the rubjette personlil,
H.-e,. th~ -1e e.'f-t, of -lifing, bot), .1 rest
and during "... is,, J.H.b, th.. of exerei.. P.-
duciniq a rise in both pnl.%e rate und blood
nor 1~
j d& Ifold. 1945, K-rig .1 .1.
1968). Tim Juag-1- erfeet of surmiting in ~dmlary
u
wid;lle-aged s bjects mWht, thex~re_lmitatc phy-
'ica 1'.f.i.g.
In -lh~, Danish study. ..), -
ker, ..'. .1'a f-.d to have higher phyd..l fit.-
wo
re$ (H 2 g c r u p 1974). bw the diffr-e lourid,
d,,
di to BtherasrleroWk ~h ~ frout zud
but, -9 -- WgLlt -pect, lb-
-p-m%r~res~ia!Ldwlfhjowi~vhy&icidfitdtft-
-tw'. W. id.Mrly found W the Aypt- f
17
T he W-
". . , I ; ,- f duni,&J--
1 y
'rb, r,o a 't,... in 0" -4-w'
or --a" I-" I of
' :' "n,
fi, M.b, 'u'fi In th,
0" ~Indwd 1. J-"i&
'ne." -.' IL, -Iak.
,.d ji, Th-
fin':.
ph"11.11 S.,
'g -y he 1h.1 th- .king
drug. Al-i; it)~ other hand 'ho-- they
-r i l,h hould gi.L them
juld ~tcljcj.~Jly 1. 've ah, vh -
1 -1
higl- phy.,i_1 fit.,. e I
TI.- da-.1 gi- the 1114'r-i-a i-11
tionship helween physirad fitness oyid
psydaul~alcal
stee.s
F-tors not dirccill; related to coromrif
h-f d, .
The al,obol Maled by the -1.1
t.dnA was Jy i.-sely related to fl Th
may be due to those drinking most simhol, m.-.inly
b-r, h,-i "g h-i,r U... lh~ .- ~Lwr -L;cct~L
Also, 11-1 diff-c-1,
non-drink- have been found in data nnt rrpwrted
her.. 71. dri.1- had n lend-ly to 1-1Y ~19--
re4te sinoLing, u.J did igo-, Jdwrc-Ume
The relationship between PhYsieal activilY PAL
t,,n' t -rk and in and "hylie'd fit'
'hall be
b.t no rel.1 Op beh".- --P--
tion.1 phyje.1 aetivity ..d fil.e. e-ld be de,---
-d. TN however, niay wel be dw to the dif-
lelsure-time. "'up"j"" physie.) etiity
0
i.p.i. some' N~ -Ark, ~lth the 111iinil of b-y
1 _4_' ..d. dy-ral. -Ilk oswt~ :. a-
lewr e."'i '.-. W-tions). 1. -t-1, le,~-
=qlle. lie-117 Involve ilt~-
phydew
302058723
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113
I. this P.Udi-a
P-11.c. an,]
`i- clilabi-9 '-fairs d.-My. 'lc- fitne., s,-,,
for
such g-Ii., -, A-1 10 nO
Thc Mai: con,lu~ions and voinni-ts from the pre-
sent Autly arL- Ilit: following: Phyeirni fitness,
as
I ~
I-- -I i, 11, ra, lao-. ;r -Itiv,ly rcl.,Wd
in "-i .r,. th .". "hy~i, i,;11. The of
corunary ibis factors has bren -d-t,d, and
.1 ig-
.
nIII,. ntI" of I"Ah hi-I p-',nr,- iind .1g.,
of psychological ~Ir ,s I .. d iai-iz; the 1,.,st
I yAe.Ily-fit I- TI l.tt,, 1,adi.g present .p-
p. ri f- 1-t of the hyl.the-'m pr-ated by M . ir -
, I s
(1973). that 'training of the heart and c-ardio.
v-ular 1. or, of the -ch-i- rif torn.
1-li- --ii-I -ma- ri.k It should.
how be noted that a final answer to the abo-
hVpo tn' %vi , 1,e derived only fro,m large-scale
epidemiob,gical studies In which a group of
subjects
is --laniffed tn h,ng-terrA physical tmiaiog, ..d
pr-svertivOY comparcd to n randornised Smup of
-trained subi-I..
-U1 3' MAIJY
Physical fitness, deri-I as i.directly-inea-d
.a.1-1 ..Ygc. uptake. 1 5219 iiniddl-ged Cape..
hi'Ara relatt-d to factom relevant to r-
nary heart dt- Physical fitn- w. I- in-
.Subjecil; with a p-ili- history of di.b,,t.
.,ellilutt,
h.rt disuse, or hypertension than in normala.
.Sub),Wt., having symptoms of cough, angina
pertorls,
or irite _itleiat. 6-fic.ti.. i-Ua,Jy hd I-er
PhYA-1 fil- It.. the -at of the aei a 1.
PLOiualtiln.. dcrdaom iw V . 2 InI
0,,e
%AgAmin icm~cacli 5~ycar age inemse Weight and
-1.6- wi.-kht was i-sely q-cl.td to fit-
Il-tb Y-t-U- .-d diwiallebldd pr- - I.-
wMely correatcd 10 fitriniis, also after acljuvil'
"' t3i.
iianuc=6 or weighL.ocitupationat phyadQ aell'Ity
r,i*i!,.!
_:-sl 1. is., time phy'i-J -Imily-
Smok- w- to h;,,,- si-iii-ritly higher
-- th:m lh~
diff, r-ce it, fii- % -Is ol,%-,11 lwiw,ra
sn1)jc,,t.%
ad flic The e.
p- a 1-fori-I 1,01 -n ph-iridly fit -I M,
fit mal, that the fit ..Ic has
1,f 1-1. L
SIIIIM~Rlo
1 ANITATE PHYSIC E A1011110 G%R~
JIA HESIDI,-XIES IJASCULE IN
0111,.N1 GF\ DEL M'A E Dr. 0-59 A.-O
1 A T
L, -,nit.te Y.,i,, 10i - 11, 1, 1 dir-1--le
i":, '..
m-;r.,W ma.il i, lb' 0. yg-.. d, 5249
-(,I nh-
,at,!
de c c-v. r 1.
ti-3'. A facto- rele-ritt! a morho cardiac coro-
i.f,wr in s.bj-1.s c..
I.W.H. pia,it- 'le d i.bMe, mellit.s, -ho
i-diar, o hyperf-inn, ,in comparation a norzaales.
Sinii!--te subirctos run sympfonins de tussv, an-
gi~ ticctorls, u .Lwlivatian
on capabilitate, physic niinui bon que It! resto
(let
.If '., L.
I., c.p.bilitate phy.i, dee-re- an 1e elate
coin eirca 2 mi O~Zkg/mii pro t-nia 5 an - plus
it(!
01111~ Lr P- d )C F- e-1- 1--iii-le
corretalate ca capabilitate physic. U tension arL~
NA ~i br. ".tolic cion. diastolic, ,.sev. i.--
-k, -Mat.l, .1 r.pWitititc, Mi.". T..t iidjusw-
mto del Influenfiii de p- ActivilaM pliyMc occu-
patio-al noa iesseva trovatc tic. -%cr reJQtJOn2tC
U1
zUtu phy&kc, in cn~1-10'3 artivitate Thrytir.
durnald
Ic I.- fiber,
-To p1m alte Main physic
trovalie In funiatorex q" in Ic grupp. total de
-i-tores, wd malle iiiiffmnfia ~VuAbs&-Tate
Wii is--Ou-m ruaww'i . le
U -ctxroparatiov (.6te Inter phy.1-
zneale.-~ de &Mid -dip.
302058724
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 19
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-W, a i"
vx`
sug,m- w le~ --I. h. p1n., b.... H.e. 1. N.,
H-d~,. J. A.. 1'. A. A.. C. G.
. --.i. & Ph-
A,lMly ~f W-k. 1-- M0410O.-I.57.
J. N, Ch-, S. 1. W_ld 5111,1. C..
X'. F-d.tl...
..d Chr.
.d ffi~ in,id- of --ry ltrurt Di-n- L.,-1
Slud. sci-1. L %V~i- ..d t~_ SA-1,01 -e Ihwak~d
for .73:1 339.
f.r hO, i. jh~ ,1- -i-I ... 1,-
W110
T -clinical a-iftance v- p% cn by nu- Ili- D '
H,ld- Simborg, 1). W., The Sint it-( Hi,k Imetor,
and 2-nury
wrt. -- K. ..g. R. B-,k. 1.-I bi--. Ch-, Um II -~_
A.1rond. 1'. 0. & Ruhming. J.: Nornogrnin for
CalcUlAtion
of Capacity (Phy5tcil Fitness) from Pulse Rate
BaIL~ It. & War, R. n Fx,rimeniAl Study of
W.: A d Her S.b-..i-I W-k. J. -~. phy.W. 1954:7:
7 ~
'Phy -" ~f A., F.- P--]. United
i-1 Filn 221.
21
n
SIs A-d F-- Wd. J. 1959:10:675-6U. A,,..d, P. 0. &
ft.hdohl, K.: T-tt-k of Work Phy.
F. W.: Eitret3e Therapy in Hy-
floVer. J-~ A 9mch, ~Ixy. M.Gr- Hill, N- Y-1, 1970
,
M- J_ A o_ I
X,1 A., IV70:2ZIAGG8-11171.
Fo, S. At., N,-hl--, J, P. & Haskell. IV. L..
Ph,.ic.1
A,Ii,ft, ..d th~ P-.Imn of C.-..,y H-rt Di,-
-. A-1, Clin. 11--h 1971:3:404-432.
Gg.1.1 ., F_- Pbyk~l F,X,,--..d C.--y 11-1
t
- in NS,I. R.id-L. in Clop-h-n Aged 40-b9.
W
D... M.A. ROL 1073:20A-5.
F, Ph,Mc.1 Fl-- ..d Cn-~- He..
Disc- 1. Cr-ha- 'Wes ged 4019, D... Wd.
11.11. 1973:W;105-112.
GVt,1b,,g F. & Ohl-, X-,; Phy.k,l Flth- Se
"
"
Cholra;-I -d Lfpop-i-4vtruvhor-s In
Co
U~4- -d U-.1% U_ S-d. J. ell. UJI.
lo-t. 1973:32:211-21G.
'V-' , r- M.: U.--y 1'.-t Dis- TUA f.'Lr'
'
:
34
.
-d Wt- Tl,.,A, '-.ha- 1274.
L_V' K. 4* 91"ik_ A -, Th. estip4 AA~rll
2- 1. AUd.L-, A". Scd&_ 1M6.
152:367-37L
'
j..F-1, A. A- W.M., 1_: 0. -t~ X%,I. of U..
#ng rft-W bt..d 0-
Ack~ SL" 1943.11;4".
X-rigan, R_fain, A. C. & Do^ J. Tt The i0rculaory~
Rcsp~ to Ciga tiv-molang at rest "d after
--I- A_ J. se~ 19".2"1113-119.
302058725
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April 1999