--3c (12
fl,-,~rcjativu 0--pretle., p-Ots from Mr-c","d -0
C4
C)
4
CA
tboco alld o;j Elgillpicivicq of ilin rontcnt of
tobx'TO
NO NovdniUor, 1072 in a progrinimp In the
Tomorrow's World serica, B33C
ed to throw doubt on the value of flic S-S1,Cls
television put out a protp-amme nim
WhIlce to tho'Government, to publish a tar and
nicotine leagne. Lible for clmarcUcs
(App3bdix A). The basis 6f tIje doubt was
Stiv Professor L.A. Elson and Ole late Professor
It. D. Pnsqe
lian by y
S~udtss by Dr Draven and his colleagues at
Plymouth.
(III) The root that nicotine Is more easily
tibsorbod from an alkal-Inc
smoke than from an acid one so Mat inlialation Is
unnecessary.
(I'v) Low6r Incidence of lung cancer In France
than In the 'U.K.
(v) Lbwct- incidafico 6f Jun.- cancer in the U..S.
A. than in the U.N.
(vi) The Iket,thnt French c1garcttC3 are made of
air-curqd tobacco
withi low -sugar content.
re" s consist of tip to 50% nir-ritred
The fact that American ci,,,a te
tob~cbo and have a Mtr content only half that of
U.K. clpretics.
Oiv 19th hlcmf~niljor, 3972 the rsaindity Thnns
publipht'd iirilOu
8 rohmd on its frok pcge (Appendix D)
1
bc a2tic S
13. It Ju 1piporiont. to d1pt.I0g%Pt;h two
hitc)-linlmd Ilypotlicson
I ilThd .191 h3T*jbca)s.,
Yh~t i)ocnuso it doon't have to tv liffinloil, and
is in practiev
nJ lqd to a lesser o?,tout. le SITIPIM (aq In
nornially clerived,
t-curod, low-sugar tabacco) In less apt to Induce
Ling
cailcor than acid smoho (its normally drr;%,od
front fluo -wircd,
hill pugar tobacco).
"The 'nugar
_hXr2!!LPrAq
That tiveln. equsl cx~vsure by Inhalation, the
L-,m-)I-.o from air-cured,
low-AVir tobwco Is IntrInsioally leso
careltiogenic to tile 1-.Illg
than sm~'he from fluc-cured, lifitl-sil-,,ar
tobnevo.


-2-
C 11, the ii-esent 60,11ment %ve
A IR ~4 (11' opinents in this area.
ONV o history of dove]
VxjjmIj' Illo scientific evidence for pollits (I)
to (vii)
D
fn paigj~ai?h l.'
n for considerntion by
recommead n course of actio
T. S. C~.~
A A -brief bistorl of relevant developments
cettrg of
24.9. 05 the kt., Profe, ... r It. D. pa.scy
presented a paper at a in
c ibed
oe British Asjoetation for Cancer ]Research In
Dublin at wbich he des r
the projIminal~ rostlits of experiments III Which
he cxposcd groups of 12 rats
- d tobacco and (b)
the smolco from (a) cigarettes made from flue-cure
to
I bed tbe exparijacnts in
cigarating made from cigar tobacco. He alco desorl
which groupa of 3 d with the emdensate from these
t%vo
-0 mice wore, painto
'types of Win,ro~tWs. Thb results of both those
oVoriments %vcro first de3cribed
in print In the T.II.C. Revie%v of Activities
1963-66 but not tin a regular scientific
jailrhal untilUe British Medical JournsJ of ~3rd
October, 1971 pub.1shed a paper
~byll.D,.INisi4y. Blackmorc, D. WarbrIck arid R.
Jones. (Appond ix Q.
on 19. ji. ol i~s same rbcults were presented at a
meeting h0d at the Clicster
;Beatty Ilesoai~h Instituto at which G FT, Sir
Charles Ellin and FJCq voir
present. The -minutes of that meeting (D 3 -
App--ndix D) to some extent ~crlcct
iho criticism -~blch the work ran Into on that
occassion.
On Ki. 66 Ptsacy. 131ackmore and Lamll presonted
two papers at a meeting of
.'the DritiEh At*ociation,for Cancer Itesearoh at
Nottingham. The dita presented
sit Willa Was prqsented again together with tho
reattlis of a fur(her e.,pirin,clit.
In the second V>4Ycrjmcqt, CigRrettos inRdc of
Btrlcy tobacco proved to 6c, ar. lion-
lethal As. cigntettes made froin efgar tobacco.
More CO was said t,) 1,3 In-cscnt
nr tobacco cigarettes ricre smoked than wl~zia
c1garetia
the chambetkolen 61C.
tobacco crica7.4ttes ware smoked. The atilliors
thc,.I,cfoiv rojected Cie .
tlc~ir results could be Wl:itiicO on the basis of
CO polsonin~; bj cl.-aratte-
tha
''tobawo'cigariti". On this occasion, the authurs
pointed out thatmigar contents
of Via (hroo tdbacc6s WOro -
W
0
4
0
0
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0
0
m
0
CD
0
0
2.
c
>
to


20.3%
c1 pretto toWccO
ef r to6cco '0.3%
ga
~,Burloy tohno,,6
fferent countries with the
tky cancer incidence [n di
They -,It oi to rel~to 1juv
a oked in ftse counLries, and foWd
uga ~ content of (he tobaccios normally sTa
it I
-#at jhq,Wghor,tbc sugar content the higlior the
Incidence of lung ca"c('7- The
ce of
t1 le speculation on tho significan
VWujtS of the geco~d rat a aliment and
11,11 ]Report of the British Empire
t wiire.refitated In the Ann
the Filgn'r dOntOn
r i9o(and n Ixtpar (sce APPITIdix C).
Canc6 campaign fo gtdn In the 197113. M. J
presented by David Lamb, a c6lIGRP10
-be gecond 41 ihe MPc'rs 44 Mttilylham was
fesbr tyno jRcj4'[~t the tirfto and wms concerned
with the 1x1(hOINicRl
of Piet a I
e jifferent t0jaccos. Jcco~,ding
a' oxpos~d
Am' as in the r to to smoke from th
g (D 1230 & D 1231), it
to r4ports by T_.Tj. d. act dnests present at the
3nectin
is etiaent that apontaneoui lung disease was a
serious coyaplication in all rats.
Loii of clila, epitfiolial hypayplaSia, BqUOMOUS
Mtal)lagia, increased mitotic
were
actillity -andchanS6 in thi paripbdral lung
promIDcnt in rats oxwcod to
q k to cigar smol;o, on the other hand,
it. -tdba..o omo -% In rats exposed
d with squamous motapInsia
hypirplabla and loss of cilia were not associate
aid -ii, 2tar, exposed to b#lcy tobacco
smokc:thcro was no loss of cilin either.
A t~U dcscrlVdon of TA418 Paulelogical findings in
Passoy's rats has nover
V. KE: rnton't for thb conti bl of C1, i1h
tobjeco.,trnoke
ln.~mo, 1970, tho HaUoi)41 Reson-rch and
Dovelopment Corporation ippronched
ftj~~dlvldua]. V,k'. man4acturor- a*ii-g for a
tocimical and commercial
Rm6ssinentofthc ~ubjaciofa pr visforial patent
specification taken-outby
Pr4fessorsElsonawl Pgtlsey(Il 061).whibb
comAituted raleffig the PH of O'o
lift. ~ka 61 glarettes by hicorporating suitable
chemicals such as u ran and
f T:11. C. rep'lied 4o WE request on behalf of the
inanufacturc rs to
*~'cffcet that -the ideas dovarcd by the lvttont
were not sufficiently 11ovel to
JUEWY, the. council taklrC any Intorcut In it.
Q
4
Q
c.
Cr
0
0
CL
0
n
(D
0
(D
0
00
3.
C.
u)
0
0
C
>
3.


-4-
T.R,C. Ginnt
T.,R. C's supl,6rt of Professor Passey's research
lins been confined to the
Provisiolm of a~grarottz made from nonnal
flue-cured tobacco an(I cigarottes
13 muractIttredvdiolly from c1gar tobacco. The
Couricil's Involveniont, ill this
ivork was rep3ried In the Review of Activities.
1903-66 (pagn, 35).
T.11XI.Wde-afflon In 1905 not.to Inveoll-ale
Pasisey'n c1ninis it THr,opte
h a
W
0 -of. R,'D. Passoy first described the results of
his research in 1965,
tli6 T, R. . C. E~-ccpthre Committee asked T.S.C.
to provide answers to tilrec
7 11
questions, Thin questions,' together with Ole
rephes front T. S.C. werc as
follows
1. Q t Are th1o conclusions reached by P-assoy In
his rapor
likely to be valid ?
A - 11"scy has not'burried out his experiments lit
a way
that stifficientli excludes the pas
ssibility of serious
blas,'ao tb2t it is impossible to siywhether or
not
his results were valid.
TSC agreed with Passoy's request for 10, 000
air-curad cigarettes ?
A Yes, in view of Cie difficulties which might be
met
by roftintd.
3. Q Should IMC do Me typo of work that Passey
proposed
to do with these cigarettes In a better way at
r
A Inhalation experiments will be carried out with
Burley
Cigarettes at Iltirro.,nic In due course but other
oxI)orlments have highor priori ty.
The hiliatation u%periment.4 referred to In answer
3 have, of votirse, )iof vmt~3rlnlis(d.


1614
r vie two mri),)t1waln
Cktiquo of the bISPq 0
Tivo al studic
full '.ctietli publiqalous reforring, to the
exl,crljncnL s of the I-do
Proloshor H. D. Passcy, Professor L. A. Elson nnd
Gicir colicagues nro
stvallable foi- scrutiny. 'Pie first Is Passey
ctal (1971, Brit. )tied. J.,
198 r Appendix C)., Tills In6ludes descriptions of
lite exporfmcuts discussed
at the B. A. C, n. Mectings Ili 19G5 and 1966 and
the mecting it the Cli~slcr
Ikeatty on 70. 12. 0'. (see paragraph 6 nbove).
13.1, Paosey's firqt exp4triment
13.1. q 'Me first exporim cint consisted of three
groups of 12 rats - Icigarettel, ,cigar'.
aud IshilMl.. The aigarcito-di cd mls nU bocnine
slelt or died b"(w('Cli Vic
02 nd and 70th days,whereas most of the rats in
the other two groups ren;nineq
healthy sind woro abolved to live until after the
240th day. At necropsy the lun,-;s
~Igai:cttcl it~tamora grnatly uni.-olchl, i4id
i4towet
of b amo La,,oodQwa, haemorl-linge Rnd col.1apse",
tracheas of some
ronchopne ri
rats were 1117411 of hiut;us which was stained
with, the products of smoke", and
nome rats had plaitral. alid peritoncal oxtidatco.
It 1p unceritkin whollicr IN!
milaoseopleallinctig's reported in the paper refor
tothis experiment or to
stitsegoent oxpariments, or to both. We have
tssunied that thoy refer to
"both
0
a to of the sudden lopidemiel among the
'cigarette, rats
The niont likely puill. nat n.
fiii'that 04 group wao affected by an Infectious
reepiratory dip-casc whic') spread
Ocinone rat to anbtber within,tho confined biwAd
crivironment of the Wright's
chamber. Tho'ml'~.~scopic findingaare consis.tent,
with Us view and ro
m1 crobicilojical. kiiastigaLions -which might
have helpe-d to refute it vicre under-
galcon by'tlio invos. gafors. Itmiglithave been
purely chance that the 'cigarcttcl
~ro* and,.on1S,,tl:3s group,vas afflicted (f.e. an
exogcnous bug got Into one
lalifinal In this gio~p and sptead to other rats
fit the group but not to tlio= in
other groups). Alpr~patlvcly, pn Irrit-int, factor
present In higher ronc.-witratlon
f In d1prWd sr4d,6 liatti in cigar sinoke or sham
smoke might; have qit-up, .1
latent II)Icg Ach was prescut In ull Oirce groups.
Moll YJ
it. 3 Even if the latter Was the explan2tiOn, Me
observation would have no Olrfiotm
relevatice to carchiogrnicitycli'smoke for lungs.
Tlic,fn(.,tUrttlvsloi~si;iiclig.s
iqua"Us iilc!npl*1a of nirway epithelium wore c6en
In tho clgamtic gm,,p but
Cn
-4
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0
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0
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to


a
Ln
-4
In
C)
ablo b0causo such chill'i"Ou lnz,.v N."a b0oll
not III jbb otilci, grottl)s Ir uiilsitcrpret~
Poccondiry to Infectious dlsense.. In ally case,
it is not valid to comi,arc the
ng at 63-10 days with those of rats hilled 6
moullis or inorc
lungs of anim.als.0yi
ases the -rs were
iator. The attihors 9tate that "in advane (I c.
epithclial layc
I dainaged and 16org-taisecV. What they do not
state is whather in areas of
oqtunous molliplasta there was evidence of
cellular or nuclear at3-pta. This
to an inliportait omWsion because atypism is
gqncrally considered tn be of
rc1bva*,-e to &ncor whereas the relationship
botween regiflar squrctiolis
Iiiiialia WI(hout atypism and rick of cancer is it
best oitly won1c.
M
ota
J,
Iff an c _wcst that there niny bo a difference
Untoniry, Pic rostilts of this experiment stim
bewo tgar~ttc and cigar smoke In Subacute toxicity
for rats un1cr the
anisms Involved are wAniown
condWbas of 1pa.8scy, 9 experiment but the mcch
It III ic'unIvni-ranted to Axsunic that ~io
observation Iii..)iciten th~%t VC
MOkeig more careinogenic than AC smokc.
44. ~118 1104hor mpalment till.
14.1 _q it s(~xind atperiment (begun 7. 6. 60)
there wpre 4 groxt~s, each of 14 rats -
U-cared (FC) b1prottos, cigar, Burley, control. PC
rats died between 40
emd 60 days ftt most rats in the other groups
lived rnorc than 80 d-tys. Insofar
thcoo r esulto confirm the first experiment, they
favour tho Interpretation
'11bat a tonoUttlent of PC smolic lights up
pre-existing disonso.
2 The n"ors thorilinolves reached this view on the
basis of a study (of N-Alich
-.,.deta;Io are ngiven) on pathogen-free, rats.
Whon such rats were cNpcwcd to
hDiglirAl c1gwtic smolto, the mortality vlas lower
and was d,--Iaycd, presuniably
the upper hanct'.
while WeetWA took
I, x',vlo i tk I-Amb and Lvni it. mcd.J., 11 33
),;ndLr E)
in)ant ?a RqId (IDG9, Dr A17
relat the niunWro of goblet cells in the trachen
and iiitmpwinonary
ed incrohso in
xrwook period. No early C-caths occurred
idrways of gep-frlic rule over a si
to the "cipirtUd" grotip but the ruic of cyposurc
was Ians, Man In Pas!,c)'.
export the fact that the lif5b lititotic rates
seen
ment, 71io, authors dotninont on
111TO rats bot not In cigar rats under Passey's
conditions of high rate or
e*w%lro.,,veio not seen in the studies they were,
now reporting. TI.oy fail to


po lli j 01 1t 1h .1t . jh cj r ra in (U ff c ro d
fr o m P as uc y' s In V wt ( n) O cy w e r'! or n
d iu cr en t
et ra in oh d (I) i Ili vy w e re p 4t '
h O
g oi i -f re e . (O n 2 7. 1l ..7 2 1 1c 1e Vt on
c, ]P i-,, fc s roi - Ly rne
Ro se m a ry J o ne s, w h o eQ nfi ri n ed t ha t
1 ,11 h a, n ot' c om pa re d
tb o.W f e c ts of ~, I ga r rin d ci ga r ett o s
m ok e at d os o 1e ve lu h f,, lie r tha n th os
e r efe rr e4
to ,tu t h o 33t U P,
...1
po
r
.
T
he
b
ig
h
m
it
ot
ic
r
at
es
in p rti on e d w er e s ee n In P is s ey 's ri
ts~
1 6 it is di f fi cu It fin d In t hi s pa pe r
jt' is tif ic ni fo n fo r t he o ta te n ien t I
n P as ne y at al
(10
.72
)
'~
T
he
se
b%
ve
r
im
c
nis
o
f
L
yn
n
e
Re
id
u
n
d L n
. m b c o nf ir m ou r o bs erv Ft tio ns
ft t t h e re Is c x~ y de fi nit e di ff or e nc
e In th e ef f ect s Of th e f 1113 -c u re d w id
a ir -c ur ed
tob ne c os i -th e 1 4- c ur ed b ei n s t ho mo
r e dn in ag lx ~" .
71 j eo rr of r on ii a r a n d - Br Ftv d n
jk j.. I - I
I n
D a s
0. o
b ri
r c
i o o
L f
J_ I
l hr
C co
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r, pe
2 rs
1 ,
0 th
2 es
3 ; e
F w
e or
nn ).
e cr
r o
& on
Br d
av t
e hei
n, r
1 co
96 l1
8, ca g
Br ues
it. (
J D
. im
C von
c a
r t
, al,
2
'4 74 ; s u d T ub c r We , 1 97 0,. _6 ~1 22 3) p
ro p op e th at b ac au se o f It s h ig h er su
ra r
~, C q n ien t '. fl ue - e~ n d t ob ac co g i ve
s ri se t o sm o he t ha t I s ri c ha r I n nc et
ald e hy de
i V &f ch d c at ro Ys , ~o d y co ns ti tue n ts
, Bi tc h as e ys to tr ic, w hi c h pr ot ec t
a,.- ain st
o
ar
c4 ti
q
,-
co
ca
Js
,1
Ja
th
e
s
oc
on
d
1). ap or , th e au t ho rs p re se nt o v ide nc
e th nt
o y8 tet ne f
~a
m
o
r
e
off
e
et
iv
el
y i
n
ac
ti
va
te
d
by
s
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ok
e
fr
o
m
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e
-c
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Ma
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1 0- C to ba c c0 d.
~
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C
ho
ptt
rp
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I
fa
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r
n
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o s
is
a
su
tl
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,%f
th
ac
l.t
to
f c
r
y
y o
st
x
oi
m
ne
Fi
p
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en
to
ta
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l
s
cv
a
1
rn
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o I
th
n
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re
pa
s
r
X
cin
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o
O
go
f
n lun
Ic g
off c
e r o
ci f a
of n
to y
b oth
ace er
o
f mi
j no
0 i0 lm
T*% o
c r
cg c
I a~r
fin cf
o u
h-el og
, o
'I ni
t o
Is po
A ly cy
w c
w he
nr h
ra y
u dr
ta oc
d a
nB rb
su on
m s
pt of
io th
n t e
h ty
at, pe
be
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w. l ati ng agr ou ts O irt it B )S o
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mo r e re a di ]y fro m a n al ka lin e
t hh ~ fro rl ~ A n.R 0 14 E M OI CC Ri ld 0 12 t
I p pr c ci ali It a bs o rrit io n (:.,i n t.
-,1:o fi !a c .. th r - g-h Il w
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Q
11195aft M"
E_Ilphon b6twec-11 incloonen. or jullt
I i - Lc--'Inc~~'P-11111
in digerviv,
)GO"Cial jID72,' Ynt. J. Ctliccr, .9, 666)
awl, .1 rehilioll IhA,% en sllg~jj-
lontvilt. of t~JACCO Of "I"Olte. Althotigh
P-IsscY On many creasiourt in the
:00urrIc (ifI1~cturcs songpit 10 allow that the
rifk of Itin., cancer in a vovntry ,s
fkasoci-ItOd with the filigar collfc!Ilt of ale
fol'.1coo C.11111100
110 did DOt 0ontinit, those Views to print ly
111110ked m th-A cOmIL13,
Whon Passey spoke on this subject he
refeirod,,eso'cc I ally to comparisons betwoon
rrance and tile. Tj. K. D11-1 fl-r- V. S. A.
and tho Ti.1j.
LIP. Lung Cpnmv, in ran." tnd'tlie U. 1c.
.1 Dat, -U bed
t n extrilotod fivni Volunio I of.World 11callh
Statistics for 195rj-1qGg
Olt Vialincid6bee of lui cancer and chronic
brcijchjtj:,- in rl.,Lnce andEngkind and
'ring
d
it Did PAW 1956 to 19GS (Appendl x r).
19'.2 M4*0 03re'" difforbuces In
a) d.189110itto niwdards
(b) CO tlt~ PtIon-during the past 30 or inore yL
its a -ars
i'ropor~oix of smolcors who Inhale
U.10 not posd1b,lb to jtidge whollior sugar
content p3r so Is an Inipurtmit detorrnhAnj-
fitotor -ok,- Jn.deod, vAtother It Is a
dowrinining factor nt all. It lips vot be
estabYi-Acd
thaf; fowe r French men Inhale lJocauge l7rcitch
cigillictics grive les cid iolo or
a rn
beenuse fty'arki irenchmen who havo4carnud frorn
their forelicarr. to smoke Viat
fty.
no gbox tnoriillty froin'larypgo-al and oi-al
cmicor nniona niales In Francu than
In.tho. U. TS. In c6nf;fstcnt With thoke I)Cil)Z R
JlCaVlor dOSP031tiOn Of Wr In these
Parts lit sinokers who do not Inhale sinoke dc2p'y
Into Cie lungs. -a
However, thei
is nl4o an aliftC120011 between alcoliollun) rnd
risit of cancer of 1xill) U vnc vites,
pind alcohollsnf~n inorc Prevalent to France.
Moreover, Ule illoi1ali(y rates for
,cancerr, there sit.os, are clinilar in tile
L'.','o coulltrics Willi 10.011 feom oral
-vancer In nrid Wales being morc frequent than
in'rrance (Apl)3ndix G).
F
r


4
to
2.0. 14W_q211CTr _in 11. S, A. mul 11. Y~.
2 d~ 1 The higher rate Of lung CLneer In the U. X
Is probably par tly c.%jAaiT.,C1 liy
differencon In dinrm::t.ic
4 ~) differences In CO"BlimpLion during tho past
30
differences in RNcrago lmtt length
difforcti
ces in clijnnio.
T,hejRj are no strong grounds for attributing the
differcnco to differenc3s In
aiwar content.
It.'Is interesting that the danth rates for cancer
of larynx and oral cavity In
1 ~.~ lez In the U. S, A. are informcdInto be(ween
those for 1~01 Lbe U. IC. and
'r, ianco, but clonor to those in the U.K.
ar contont of rmnch and American cfgirc~tcs.
Thb flgiarw quoteO by Eisen of 22. 3% for French
cigareflos and 10% for
A4 cric ~P c1garetten juid 18% for U.K. cigarettes
are not scrionsly In error.
22. P06imm: s ~Oheoiy on the simifficanoc of curim
Proces.-!S to lum, ennLecer risk
Dr, Befffuger has oxpounocd the theory about the
(IIII'vitig efrects of tobLeco
cur!ng procoones on lung cancer mortality since
the year 1957 mainly with a
R, process
y1 eir td DCIIITI. Which lie calls "ermyrnatic
fermentation" to the tobacco
-a free
Indistly as a menus of rrnderlug ther ismol.
ofcarcinogenicactivity. 71io
blaf~ms of Dr. P3cMijj-,cr worc emmined by TSC In
1904 which ~anjc to th2
C,
on4lusion 767) Ojai the evidence produced k~ Dr.
DoMfilgor Was not surficieut
to siibstaintia(e the clahns ]to ))ad made.
Further more, it was slated In the
Houro of Commoris Iti NIkch 1963 Limt "the Medical
Ilm-earch Council co.-midom-d
somij years ago the hypotheslu Chat lung cancer Js
arsocis led %%Ah Vie -iii,ohing
of oP.-nmotiou made from tobacco whic.1i has not
been fully formonted. Thj
,~fible evid,
once, however, did bot surq~ort that
bypot-lic3is".
C k2c
44 nmorAntion
is little at present that Vie Conodil ne)
"'no -in do (murc than it )-,vs alvemk- do
to c1hok 14,I)n'thesis 1. If, a(Lor Britain's
entry into the BLC, significantauniLers
afriopne,hinan switch to U.K. cigarettes and
significant numbors of U.K. residenIx
sivitch to French cignrotfes, st time niny crime
w1wn it would be uvolul to inder-
fAcA4 apidomlologic2l study to compare the effects
of switcliffig In the hvo


aAw"
10
24. It Would haiku boon useful at tile present
til,le If tho Council had got dat-l
dits own on tho eficats on rats of Inhaling
(111forent am"-,inir, of snio,'-,C. iroin air-
.Oured njid nuo-cured cir
11 retter. The experimonts of ilanscy wid m,0-1
1101'.
~loarly unsalisfactory on several scores and those
of Laral, alidllcul kft inuch to
&0 desired. It is therefore, recommended that
studinj bc undortalzon undcr
cpnirollod conditions to comp.-iro [ho ahort-torm
(I.e. up to 80 or 100 da)s)
effe6ts on pathogen-froc, xats of smokc from M and
AQ eignrettes at 3averal
diffe'ront rates of o.Vosurc.
25. T~e first stop In folio-wIng up tile Avork of
Fenner and Praven %vould be to see
wbat offhoLs the Inhalation of different
concentramoms or Lcotnmehydc has on the
wkynics; and appearances of respiratory tract
e1jithelfva. 77hisdoespot
ddserve bigh priority at the presonitime Innufar
as their theary is iwt min or
Jhrge inumber of theories of doubtful inorit oil
niechmisms Cf carchiogeucsis.
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vill be
Raymbnd Early iicxt year the Gover-11'ent
C- able of 411 tile major brands of
'IF
publisliin'g a I ub t
cig.1rettes arr6nred according to tar and nicotine
content.
At ahout iho same time, two major companies are
expected to
malw on atinounconicnt about a less li~zardous
cigar~.ttc
a',lov~tar content. but we have recently core
acrosr same
expelrimbntal Tesults i4iich nay thyow a new lipht
on to this
complex fleld of research into the relationship
betir.-Utii
cigarettes and lung damage. Viillia;n Woollai-d
rep()TtS.
W6 ollard: In this country, research intc Vic,
effe6ts of smo!~ing those thipgs is carried out by
ti..,o main
There's the tobacco industry itself which
groul~s pf people.:
ds fat the Tobncco Resr!-Tch Coiincil and there's
tr
provides fun
also ~ sma)lir more scatterud grotip of
scictitist!; who j-.vt
thoir~ fund$ from various souttes and. N:ho may
touch upor.
cigarettesfas part of a broader reschrch programme
into,
say, canc'ek. A month. ago we began looking isito
sninc of
this ~attot research and we tbought it raised
sonic disquieting
quest
t'(011SI.StIpicople not! accept teat cigarette
smoke cza caose
lung ;zoncO,-. Pow people. with access to the
research r,aport
-ve the slightost'dbubt but tile Ixy question of
ycur sctting
to' redu~c the d~ngey to smokers is which .1,,,rt
or that smoLe
grbatest Threat to hunian lungs. I flit
coilstitutes~the Now
lea gue- table of CigtTCL1~e% fln~ the .5?7-_S
110~ C.S~Jilznrdol_ls
C-ij'.IrLttos;~~r~ )!oth Is C J bo flia
Maxn,jjirx)~- There is evidetice to suVgest Viat
that rnsvi,iptioi.,
___q__ -. The noin cvidencc
is, to' say the least, dangvroqsly ii pdo u-ILZe
Ogainst tiar-coi!cs from'&xPertrouts. li~c thiti..
Thc cowice!itratic,


4
Report No.
ettes is aplllie~ to tile I,nckg of
of, tar obtained frpm cignr
it ptodures shin cancers. We understand that this
earch Council and
is a-test sItill used by the Tobacco Res
Iwe wcr~ unr-.bleIto .got permission to film the
corren t forill
bf thi tost,, in their liboratorics, but some
scientists who ivere
easingly doubtful about the
On Canicer t~esearch are. incr
validity,6f applying results from those tests oil
mice to
human being . Mouse skin is not human lung tissue.
Tile
sv
looks only at
test has pto(luced conflicting rcsults and it
vany other
the t;ir- co)~tent of cigarette srol;c and ipnorcs
the
k~_ 41
constituents.
The fact is that tar, although obvious]),,
dangcroun,, may
not be tlic_mQst danperous elcmunt in c1parotte
sn,olx, and if
this- is soi. tile league table of cigarettes by
tar content
Ono" could be'positively misleading to the public.
Right,
let's; exalatile tile Ovidence.
71 o fiii~ericans smoke slightly nore thnn we do,
their
gur:' ties: cdntaiij on:avernge the same aypotint
of t3r cnd yet
c, i b
~Icy get o;')J-y half as much Itillf, cancer.
VIhy? The Freoch
smoka sligilltly lobs than ive do, their
cigarettes cojita~n on
avcr4re mokc-tbr and yet -they get only a third as
much lunr.
:~Uncor. 4y'- whatIs the (liffercnrc? 1101, one
mnin
di~'fcircnceseiems to'be the ways in urhich the
tobaccos tire
Ri
curcd.,_ Vii.tually ail British tobaccos are cured
in spvcial
ss takes nbout four clays and at
oVens or filtis. The proce.,
the end OF it the, tobacco looks like this. This
is now ready
for Cqinjv into cigarettes. . But most Americtin
and French
tobaccos tire cured in the open air. Tile
processes tIU! much
longer. anct cra last scvcr. 1 months.. These two
techniques
produce to bacco s which have yerarhabi.y
different chemical
c6 npositions and the key difference is in the
inotu.t or- s'onnr.


In
ort No. CJ .3 5 2.
ll1,nuvjj,,,
r
"tish Cirarettes
Ciparettos on Carl contain much a
averago about lot s Zol 'DVar- American
"or .31 6f and French -
"I'ttes as
thilt
Prof,'Sor p1son of, takes its to the work j-
thc Cancer Rcsearch Zllstitut,
The ifork here suggests t),
in London.
Of ',the c Ot the h! her the ;it
-igaretto. I,, - -,
the 'Pore da gir zOntent
C1 ligerous it it.
Smoking n0chine. a
C 19 P shOld"19 fille r. -rilc Cigarette is bloln
ilito
-I ts
and-- "he 0-XPcrJ.6,,t .,t,;
then
tile
three
i
h-urs
r1 ts get a briDailier until the (l..ly.
tar.and thd su
glar coil tell t cigal-ottes arc j,,jy-ied- Art,3
t:lvo ~Aoxltlls slitokl. of
n9 twerity-fl,'
are oxajd
fA ill-d - the result cigarettes a day, the rnts,
SMOkinj cienret regardless of t ar ,coillt:nt,
tj,, ";it,;
lung d t0` the hither sugar content had very Much
anago.
what CxPlanvtjon is there for this really
rp s'u 1.,t
qrl "11, there are sttirtjzng
.41
tile t") each of Wlich reiliforce
r~ Let's take-the. seParn S tha
r 9-t co~te t1ly- Cigarettes
with 'It tend to produce alkalille sn:01:0. that
arc I oj~
hiph sligar Content, an acid and 1.1le j)I-esencc,
of
thisIacid jiti-Los it difricult f Cigarettes
or your boay to 116sorb tj,0
Now whatOllpr excuse you're
y~ulro. sajok In,, lrcttL
cip
S" you lelint that n1cotille.
to s!R04-c
tile British Style high sugar cigarettes, YOU
tc-nd
F4 Piore "slid
.1 .. Pliff harder,
'tho!.
of .0 with the result v(;tj
Poisonous. enneor
Yoiir Junp
Sjjl)5t:j1jC0s dc
Val', thAt's the first exp]anatlo up 111t0
Oita I tnj.~s u8 secolld
n and tile
..1 010 Way dou~n to
D r, jLrA# ply'Routh, to 1-~lv vork of
, , ;:
_q~n~ HO's licen worki 'on Clio. cq, IcIll
),0.vctjon b,t
tto smoke tind the IllpividU31 Cell
S Of' tile ).ung tjs~,tje.
.
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A
-xo. C-7 -352.
believed
H~riqry' tell con tn I ns a~stibstance called
Icystoine',
to bo~ an importint Pait of tile cnllls natural
defences U'rainst
cafter. Dr. Braven I s work SlJrCC~tS that
CiraTPttV SMOLC ro-leLs
trith this eystelne and; to study.flic reaction,
he prepares a
.4 :
sample' for analysis..
ar
he's lound t1lat Ono of t4e substances produced by
sug.
burniin in cigariettes a substan" known as
'acetaldchydol
actU41y'b eaks Idown 'jhe protective eysteinc, so
the greater
the iNo unt of su' aT in a cigareqe, the pr 'ater
the amount of
eysteine rembVed and the.ifior'c the cell
is-exposed to attack by
ubstances. But there's anotber key point.
cancvr. trigg6ring s,
of can-cer tiiggering substances with the rather
curious
name ;of 'free ra4cdIal is ;low known to be
produced by burning
sugar in cigarettds. These tesults were first
published four
09 i.-Vago they were ipot Py a deafening silence.
4 b whe'ro docit that' leave us? Well, neither of
those two
ploc.,O~ of-resditch on~sugar is by itself
conclusive, but
together we su gge' e for intensive
St t1ICy-Ma),C a Strong cas
ros6drch into eio suCaT,conteni Pf cigarettes and
as far as
'Cing on lit the Moment will cp)le to
14 e w, the only' res~v'-Cll 1,
aj) old in two months timic. There seems no dQubt
that whatever
Old Uqjer, pco~ld wi~ll., go on smoking, but isn
It it perhaps
I worcWhild underlining just one point about that
so-crIled
i 111'ettCS 'that's going to be dispInyed in
leagoa table of c g
t~b.41cofiistsl shOPA in January - the cigarettes
at the Lottoi,
'df chan table, tile o4s with the least tar
content, will tippear
te bi;flic ioast dangifTous, bux they're also tile
ones uith sore
of to.6 highest contcnt.
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