COPY NO.
IMPERIAL TOBACCO LIMITED
RESEARCH LABORATORY
MONTREAL
RESTRICTED
PROGRESS REPORT
RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
July - December 1975
ISSUED BY: Dr. T.A. Smith DATE ISSUED: January 20,
1976.
DISTRIBUTION:
Copy No.: 1. Lib rary 21. Mr. R.D. Nicholls
2. Lib rary 22. Dr. M.H. Bilimoria
3. Mr. R.M. Gibb 23. Dr. P.J. Dunn
4. Mr. R.S. Wade 24. Mr. E.R. Freiesleben
5. Dr. T.A. Smith 25. Mrs. J. Johnson
6. Mr. S.M. Candlish 26. Mr. A.F. El Naggar
7. Dr. G.W. Boswall 27. Mr. R.L. Rice
8. Dr. S.J. Green 28. Mr. M.P. Scherbak
9. Dr. S.J. Green 29. Mr. L. Bouchard
10. Dr. S.J. Green 30: Mr. H.C. Roubicek
11. Dr. S.J. Green 31. Miss R.R- Smith
12. Dr. S.J. Green 32. Mr. B.J. Stirling
13. Dr. S.J. Green 33. Mr. C.J. Brown
14. Dr. D.G. Felton 34. Mr. E.P. Gage
15. Dr. D.G. Felton 35. Mr. W.A. Gray
16. Dr. F. Haslam 36. Mr. A. Kalhok
17. Dr. I.W. Hughes 37. Mr. N.D. Maclennan
18. Dr. R.A. Sanford 38. Mr. W.J. Ross
19. Dr. R.A. Sanford 39. Mr. A. Schaffer
20. Mr. R.D. Nicholls
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SUMMARY OF RESEARCH DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES
July - December, 1975
This report outlines recent progress in the work
of the
Researcn Department, while the work of the Product
and Process
Development Department is covered elsewhere. Our
work has continued
in three areas: 1. product development; 2. product
modification
and control; 3. research related to the
development of safer cig-
arettes. Details on individual projec-~s can be
found in the
accompanying progress report.
1. Product Development
Research at BAT's Group R & D Centre (GR & DC) at
Southamp-
ton during the past 2-3 years on "coated-carbon"
filters has indi-
cated that such filters may be subjectively more
acceptable than
other carbon filters, giving less of the so called
carbon off-taste
to the smoke, while it the same time retaining the
well-known effec-
tiveness of carbon in partially removing some
irritating and potentially
harmful vapour phase components of smoke. As a
result of this research,
since the summer we have been seeking a practical
means of preparing
such a carbon with reproducible filtration
characteristics, for
potential use in a new product (T-7338). We have
made some encou-
raging progress, but reproducibility is still a
problem.
Studies are also in progress on the applicability
of two
filters, developed by Brown & Williamson, for our
flue-cured cig-
arettes. In a renewed look at one of these, a
filter containing
a pocket of granules of an ion-exchange resin
(Duolite) designed to
reduce the subjective irritation of smoke, a poor
taste was found
for the last puffs of a flue-cured cigarette
(T-7339). The second
filter, a version of the Programme filter, is
being developed and eva-
luated in an attempt to offer smokers a more even
delivery of smoke per
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puff down the length of the cigarette, and a more
satisfying smoke
for most of the puffs than that expected from the
tar and nicotine
numbers (T-5505).
Efforts are also being directed towards
identifying the
best design for a very low tar cigarette (Project
Trojan 2; T-7095).
A prolonged search for flavour-enhancing agents
for low
tar cigarettes has been virtually stopped
(T-6810). after having
identified the 2 best candidates based on work on
Matin6e cigarettes.
To further prove their value requires consumer
testing, either per se
or within the scope of one of the other product
development projects.
Further work on Project Gourmet (T-6811), aimed at
developing a
cigarette with a novel, recognisable flavour which
will appeal
strongly to a small but significant segment of
smokers. is dependent
on the scheduling of a second series of consumer
tests using a
single cigarette technique in shopping centre
booths. Analysis of
the results of the first series of such tests is
awaited.
The development of coated sweetened cigar dips for
Old Port
Cigarillos and Colts was initiated because of a
rapid escalation in
the price of saccharin. The coated tips would
reduce our saccharin
consumption by 99% and have been shown to be
acceptable in consumer
tests. However the potential cost saving has
recently decreased
by about 75% to between $50,000 and $70,000 per
annum, due to a
dramatic drop in saccharin price in the past 8
months. In the light
of this, and the large volume of business
involved, the Marketing
Division has decided not to implement this
technique at the moment,
but it may prove useful in future if other flavour
tipped products
are required.
2. Product Modification and Control
A detailed comparison is being made of Matin6e
Regular and
Craven A Regular cigarettes to find how the
opposition brand maintains
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a lower tar level, so as to be abl ~ to lower
Matinee's tar yield
to below that of Craven A (T-7093).
Last September, the carbon monoxide (CO)
deliveries of 20
major Canadian cigarette brands were published by
Forbes and co-
workers (the Government's source of tar and
nicotine figures) in a
scientific journal. Although the figures were not
publicized by
the news media, we should expect increased
Canadian public interest
in the carbon monoxide content of smoke, based on
attitudes in
other countries. Our latest survey, in contrast to
the previous
one, showed that our brands give CO deliveries
comparable to those
of the opposition. This was achieved when we
increased the paper
porosity for a number of our brands to adjust tar
levels. However
it should be remembered that most cigarettes still
give more CO
than tar, and CO cannot be removed by filtration
(T-7275).
Close control of tar and nicotine yields of
cigarettes has
had increased importance since they have been
printed on packages
and in advertisements. A review is being made of
'a potential source
of variability in these yields. namely the degree
of variation in
dryer operation at our different plants (T-6130).
From a detailed
study conducted in the Montreal plant, preliminary
indications Ar,
that this variation has only a small effect on
smoke yields (through
changes in apparent volume and hence cigarette
pressure drop).
We have completed a study of the combined effects
of paper
porosity and paper burn additives, and additives
applied to tobacco,
in the control of smoke yields of tar and nicotine
(T-7088). This
work has produced a possible alternative means of
maintaining cig-
arette puff number with reduced tobacco weight,
should the present
approach (electrostaticly perforated paper) prove
unsatisfactory.
This alternate involved applying 3% diammonium
phosphate to the
tobacco.
We have assisted in the development by Ajax
personnel of
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a modified PCL incorporating sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose (SCMC)
as a strengthening agent (T-6539). We have proved
that this modi-
fied PCL is much more resistant to break-up during
cigarette manu-
facture, isolating the sheet from the tobacco
blend by a new flotation
technique developed by us (T-6129). Ajax plans to
include SCMC in
our standard sheet in the near future.
3. Research Related to the Development of Safer
Cioarettes.
The Research Department is contributing to the
development
cf safer cigarettes in a number of selected ways,
in collaboration
with the BAT group and with Government and medical
researchers.
(a) Objective measurement of the effects on
smoking behaviour of
usinc modified cigarettes (T-8077).
A number of ways have been suggested for designing
safer
cigarettes, but, to be useful, the products must
be acceptable
to smokers.
Standard smol-.e tar and nicotine yields, as
given-on packages,
may not necessarily indicate the relative safety
of using a parti-
cular product. For a product to be truly safer, it
should result
in the smoker reducing his total daily intake of
potentially harmful
smoke components while achieving his desired
satisfaction. This
intake is governed by the actual amount of smoke
retained, and the
potential harm of a given weight of that smoke.
While our other
research work is related to the latter factor, we
believe that
knowledge of the amount of the smoke retained in
the system is very
important (i.e. tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide
intakes).
To estimate the total daily smoke intake, we need
to know
the smoker's daily cigarette consumption, the
amount of smoke taken
from each cigarette, and the degree of inhalation.
Cigarette con-
sumption is easily monitored, and we have methods
of estimating
the amount of smoke drawn from each cigarette.
However we have
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continued to strive for a good way of assessing
the degree of
inhalation, and to this end we are currently
estimating the con-
centration of carbon monoxide in the lungs using a
simple techni-
que involving breathing several times into a
plastic bag.
When a satisfactory method is established, we will
study
small groups of smokers to determine the effect on
total smoke intake
of switching to products with. for example, lower
tar and nicotine
yields, lower tar but unchanged nicotine, a more
alkaline (cigar-
like) smoke and ventilation.
Meanwhile, we have used existing methods to study
the
reactions of a small group of smokers to a number
of cigarette
brands associated with Project Church, and a
report is being pre-
pared.
(b) Studies of Reconstituted tobaccos.
There is considerable evidence from mouse skin
painting
tests that most reconstituted tobacco sheets (eg.
PCL) give a
potentially less carcinogenic smoke than that from
normal tobacco
blends.
To keep abreast of alternative reconstitution
processes,
a comparison is now planned of PCL and a
reconstituted tobacco made
by Schweitzer from the same starting materials,
and we will be
assisting in the evaluation of these sheets
(T-6539). This study
will also include a second Schweitzer sheet sample
made from our
combined waste and stem, to be tested at a blend
level equivalent
to our combined usage of PCL and CPS.
Over a number of years up to last year, the
Company has
been seeking ways of producing tobacco at reduced
cost, using our
experimental farm, as a contribution to a major
BAT project (PRT-71;
T-6430). This was to permit its economic
conversion into reconsti-
tuted sheet and subsequent use of high sheet
levels in blends, to
take advantage of the resulting lower biological
activity of the
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smoke . BAT has been collabcrating in the
reconstitution of the
~:)bacco by the paper-making process (similar to
Schweitzer) and
'..n the evaluation of cigarettes containing 30';
sneet. BAT are
-,irrently making comparisons of PRT sheets from
bulk flue-curea
and modular flue-cured tobaccos.
More recently, our farm efforts have concentrated
on the
-roduction of more mature tobacco and on potential
cost reductior
-n handling normal tobacco.
use of chemical and biochemical sc-eenina tests as
monito-s
for evaluating the bio'loclcil, activ'tv of
stroke.
In looking for ways of reducing the potentially
harmful
effects of a given weight of smoke, we must have
ready means of
evaluating changes in the biological activity of
smoke. We are
-.jsing two such tests, which we consider to be
meaningful 'screening'
rethods. They are being applied to the smokes from
several series
of cigarette samples, using standards of varied
biological activity.
7 he series under test include cigarettes of
different kinds of
reconstituted tobacco (e.g. the modified PCL and
Schweitzer samples)
and modified cigarettes in which the blend has
been cased with d"_
~erent burn-control additives (T-7088).
One of the tests is the Nitromethane Fraction
Index (NMF.-),
a mainly chemical test initially developed by BAT
Hamburg (T-7092).
7 ne second, less simple technique (T-7708) was
developed by Ames
in California, and is receiving a lot of public4ty
as a screening
technique for identifying chemicals with potential
mutagenic and
carcinogenic activity.
(d) Identification of early indicators of damaae
by smoke to the
respiratory system of animals (T-7709). -
The best current methods of comparing the
biological activity
of smokes are lengthy and very expensive tests
with rodents (skin
painting and inhalation). BAT has a extensive
commitment to such
tests. Nevertheless, their relevance to humans is
continually be4ng X:-
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We have been very fortunate in developinc a
relationship
win two excellent medical researchers in Montreal.
As a result,
the Canadian Tobacco Manufacturers Council is now
sponsoring a joint
project between two of our researchers and Dr.
Hogg (McGill) and
Dr. Witschi (University of Montreal). In the
project, a searcm
is being made 'or early biochemical indicators of
damage by smoke
to the respiratory system of rodents. Through
other parellel work
by Dr. Hogg, light may be shed on the relevence of
such effects
to humans. Since its inception last April, the
project has pro-
gressed very well, and already some results of
importance to
s-o<~no anc iealth resear--n have been fount. The
projec: makes
an excellen: c:)mplTment to the BAT work on
long-term animal smoke
inhalation studies at GR & DC.
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INDEX
Pace Code Title Researcner(s)
I T-6128 Measurement of hot collapse R.L.R.
3 T-6129 Separation of a tobacco blend into
fractions R.L.P.
of different apparent densities
4 T-6130 Study of the possible effect of
variations R.L.R.
in dryer operations on tar and nicotine
deliveries.
- T-6aC7_ Modification of cicarette smoke by
tobacco R.L.-~..
treatme,it ',heat): : nothing to repor-
6 T-6430 & Tobacco grown forreconszitution
(PRT-71C) G.W.B., S.W.
T-6534
7 T-6538 Modification of the PCL process R.L.R.
8 T-6539 PCL - Miscellaneous studies R.L.R.
9 T-7088 Modification of smoke yields and composi-
M.P.S.
tion using chemical burn modifiers applied
to tobacco and by using a range of cig-
arette papers. i
- T-7091 Smoke generation and deliveries of
Canadian R.L.R., R.R.S.,
flue-cured grades: - nothing to report. B.J.S.
11 T-8077 & Studies of human smoking behaviour
P.J.D., E.R.F.
T-7051
14 T-6810 Flue-cured tobacco flavour enhancers
A.F..4.
is T-6811 Project Gourmet A.F.N.
16 T-6861 Coated Cigar Tips A.F.N.
17 T-7093 Intercomparison of two low delivery
R.L.R.
cigarettes.
18 T-7094 Determination of pressure drops dur.ing
M.P.S.
machine smoking, and puff-by-puff tar
yields.
19 T-7095 Development of very low tar cigarettes
M.P.S.
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INDEX (CDnt'd)
Paae Code Title Researcher(s)
- T-7336 Miscellaneous filter materials/cons-
M.P.S.
tructions: - nothing to report
20 T-7338 Coated caroon filte-s A.F.N.
22 T-7,339 Ion exchange resin filters. A.F.N.
23 T-5503 Evaluation of the PROGRAM filter R.L.R.,
L.B.,
D.E.
-4 Miscellaneous vapour phase analyses: M.P.S.
carbon monoxide yields
26 T-7092 The nitrome-~hane fraction index of
smoke M.P.S.
condensate (NMFI)
27 T-7708 Tests with microbial mutants: studies
M.H.B.
with Ames' Salmonella mutant TA-98
29 T-7709 Changes in bronchial epithelium induced
J.J., M.H.B.
by cigarette smoke
1. Analysis of lipid peroxidation in J.J.
cells of the tracheobronchial tree
II. Biosynthesis of macromolecules within J.J.
the tracheal epithelium
III. Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydro- K.H.B.
xylase in guinea pig and Sprague-
Dawley rat tissues. and mutagenesis
in Ames' Salmonella mutant TA-98
- T-6775 Miscellaneous microbiological examina-
M.H.B.
tions: - nothing to report
- T-6820 Creative design of flavours for aromatic
A.F.N.
tobacco products: - nothing to report
- T-6840 Development of ranking method for sub-
A.F.N.
jective evaluation of tobacco prodticts:
- nothing to report
- T-6860 Determination of purity of saccharin:
M.P.S.
nothing to report
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INDEX (cont'd)
Page Code Title Researcher(s)
- T-6862 Development of sweetening agents as
A.F.N.
substitutes for saccharin: - nothino to
report
- L-0250 Evaluation of flavour samples from A.F.N.
suppliers: - nothing to report
35 L-0251 Miscellaneous analysis of casings and
A.F.N., M.P.S.
fl avours
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T-6129 Measurement of Hot C0llaDSe
Personnel: R.L. Rice
Objective: To have available, in our laboratory,
equipment for
measuring hot collapse. Hot collapse may be
defined
as the change in cigarette firmness during
smoking.
It was felt that chances in hot collapse might
result
from changes in cigarette specifications (e.g.
tobaccc
weight chances, use of new blend components).
Status: As stated in the prev'ous Progress Report,
the methoo
adopted was that descr'bed by Spivey (B and W
Report No.
72-27). The following observations have been made,
in
which butt length refers to the distance between
the coal
and the applied weight load.
1. As reported previously, puff number had no
effect
on hot collapse. The determining factor was butt
length.
2. Over a certain range of butt length, a linear
relation-
ship was observed between hot collapse and butt
length.
It was therefore decided to report hot collapse as
the collapse at a specified butt length.
3. At the standard conditions of smoking (35cc
puff of
2 second duration and I puff/minute), collapse was
only observed at a maximum butt length of 20 mm.
However,
when extinguished cigarettes were tested on a
cigarette
firmness intergrator, softening was observed over
a
greater length.
4. By changing smoking parameters (incre~asing
puff frequency
and volume), collapse was observed over a longer
butt
length.
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T-6128 (cont'd)
It is planned to report the work completed to
date,
after which a decision will be made as to whether
this work should be cont4nued. The following
objectives
will be considered.
1. Relating test results to subjective evaluation.
2. Considering the use of the cigarette firmness
inter-
grator as a alternate method, which might prove to
be
more sensi-~ive, and mo-=- readily related to
present
measurement of firmnes--- --n inl4t cigarettes.
3. Determining whether hot collapse can be
predicted
from the firmness of the unlit cigarette.
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T-61 29 The Seoaration of a Tobacco Blend in'~o
Fract4ons of
Different ADDarent Densities.
Personnel: R.L. Rice
Objectives: To determine if differences in
aoparent density between
tobacco types provide a means of isolating various
com-
ponents from a tobacco blend, viz--
1. Tobacco puffed by the Reynolds G-'3 or
cormarable
;)rocess.
2. PCL or other tobacco sheet.
3. CRS.
4. W.T.S.
5. Lamina from different parts of the plant.
6. Burley.
Status: Little successful development work has
been carried out
on this project during this period. The method has
faci-
litated the isolation of PCL from tobacco blends.
This
has been very helpful, as Canadian PCL is the same
color
as lamina, and hence is difficult to separate
visually.
The method has been used successfully to
demonstrate, by
comparison of strand length, that the SCMC-PCL,
developed
by Ajax Personnel (T-6539), has greater stability
durinq
cigarette manufacturing.
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-6130 Study of the Possible Effec-: of Variations
in Drver
Operations on Tar and Nicotine Deliveries.
Personnel: R.L. Rice
Backaround In the drying operation, the apparent
volume of tobacco
& is modified through puffing. This affects two
cigarette
CbJective: properties, namely filling power and
pressure drop, and
the pressure drop, through filtration, can affect
smoke
deliveries. It is therefore oossible that day -,,)
day
variation in the drying operal:ion of cut tobacco
could
affect tar and nicotine deliveries of the
cicarette.
If this situation does exist, it would obviously
be
advantageous to be able to determine the apparent
volume
of tobacco at the end of the coolers,assuming that
this
information makes possible a more uniform
operation of
the dryer.
If the objective stated above is practical, it-has
an
additional advantage in that variation in the
basic
properties of the blend could be compensated for
in the
drying operation.
The measurement in the factory of the apparent
volume
of tobacco, either by pressure drop measurement
over
a bed of tobacco or by bulk volume measurement, is
considered below:
1. The time required for measurement would have to
minimal
otherwise the test information could not be
employed
to aid in the control of the dryer. For this
reason,
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T-6130 (cont'd)
the measurements would have to be conducted in the
factorv under less rigid conditions than are
generally
demandet in the laboratory.
2. The method should be simple. This follows from
item
1 above.
3. The tes, should be reasonably insensitive to
tobacco
moisture. The moisture content of the tobacco
would
orobab',., vary under conditions of test.
Status: The initia" approach has been to determine
if a signific-ant
*variation toes occur in cigarette pressure drop.
Players
Mild blend has been used, since plain end
cigarettes
eliminated any correction for filter pressure
drop. Cig-
arette samples have been collected over a two
month period
on a daily basis and cigarette pressure drop
determined
at a common weight.
The data has not as yet been analyzed but a
cursory exami-
nation could suggest that the differences were
small.
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T-6430, T-6534 Tobacco Grown For Reconstitution
(PRT-71C)
Personnel. G.W. Boswall, S. Webster, M.P.
Scherbak, M.H. Bilimoria.
Objective: To produce toDacco by cost cutting
procedures and to
convert it by means of a paper making process into
re-
constituted tobacco sheet of suitable quality for
its
utilization at levels of 30'. in commercial
cigarettes.
S-!--Us: C~cara':tes c::--!-;ning bulk flue-cured
tcbacco and Tiodullar
flue-cured toDac:o have been manufactured from
both the
1973 and 1974 crops.
As well, cigarettes containing 30". PRT from bulk
flue-
cured and modular flue-cured tobacco, from the
second-
pass tobacco of a three-pass harvest from the 1973
Canadian
crop, have also been made. Chemical analysis
indicates
that the modular flue-cured tobacco andthe
subsequent
PRT contailed more starch than the bulk flue-cured
tobacco,
as well as slightly more total alkaloids.
SubJective
smoking tests, on cigarettes containing only
tobacco from
the 1973 crop, indicate significantly more impact
and
irritation from the modular cured tobacco. However
the
smoking tests on similar samples from the 1974
crop rated
the two types of tobacco curing as being almost
identical,
and the modular flue-cured tobacco showed only a
trend
toward being more irritating. The cigarettes
containing
PRT have yet to be tested.
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T-6538 Modification of the PCL Process
Personnel: R.L. Rice
Objective: To modify the effluent from the PCL
process so that it
could be incorporated into PCL. Incorporation of
the
effluent into the sheet without modification
produces
a darker colored, sticky sheet with less strength.
The
purpose of this stuCy was -.wo-fold: to determine
if part
of the waste c-,-..ild be util~:ed, and to
determine if it
could be used as an humectant.
Status: As described in our previous report, our
initial approach
was very simple. We found that the solids from the
effluent can be fractionated into methanol
-soluble and-
insoluble fractions. These fractions, along with
an
unfractionated control, were incorporated in
samples of
PCL. A regular PCL was also included.
Unfortunately
due to malfunctioning of the pilot plant dryer-,
all samples
including the regular PCL were of very poor
quality and
no valid comparisons could be made.
A policy decision was made to abandon this
project.
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T-6539 PCL - Miscellaneous Studies
Personnel: R.L. Ricc-
Objective: 1. To carry out non-routine testing of
PCL;
2. To participate with Ajax in the modification of
PCL.
Status: Currently, an evEluation of a 7rodified
PCL sheet developed
by Ajax, cnnta4ntnq 3. sociur. :arloxyrethyl
cellulose
(SCMC) as extra binder, is being conducted,
comparing it
with regular PCIL 'In 2 brands (Players Filter
Regular and
Matinee K.S.). A separate comparison is now being
planned
of this SCK-PCL and a reconstituted tobacco made
by Schweitzer
from the sam starting materials. This study will
also in-
clude a second Schweitzer sheet sample made from
our combined
waste and stem, to be tested in a blend at a level
equal
to that of the normal combined level ofTCL and
CRS.
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T-7088 Modification of Smoke Yields and
Comoosition usinq Chemical
Burn Modifiers aciolied to tobacco and b,/ usino a
Ranae of
Cigarette PaDers.
Personnel: M.P. Scherbak
Main
Objective: To quantify ways of controlling smoke
yields of tar, nicotine
and important vapour phase components, and also to
reduce
the biologicEl activizy of the smoke by modifying
its com-
posit4on. The factors studied include the effects
of
aoplying chemical burn modifiers to the tobacco
and the
porosity and burning properties of the cigarette
paper.
Status: This work has been completed and two
reports on it are in
preparation. The most significant outcome was
establish-
ment of a possible means of maintaining the puff
number
of cigarettes of lower tobacco weight. ~Addition
of 3.
diammonium phosphate (DAP) was shown to achieve
this in
a subjectively acceptable way, as judged by
internal panel
tests.
Subsiduary
Objective: To determine the effect on smoke yields
and chemistry
achieved when the burn rate of cigarettes is
reduced by
the maximum amount consistant with the cigarettes
remaining
lit. At this limit we will also establish the
extent of
change of the smoke's biological activity as
measured by
chemical and biochemical indicators.
Status: After screening tests using granulated
tobacco and different
levels of burn-retarding additives, a series of
cigarettes,
X~_
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110
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/10
T-7088 (cont'd)
containing a flue-cured tobacco blen-- treated
with 5.5~,
to 6.5% DAP, were manufactured. Cigarettes were
wrapped
in two types of cigarette paper ("pnosphate" and
"citrate")
each with four porosities (11, 22, 2:, and 45
Greiner
seconds). These cigarettes have mirimum burn rates
that
sustain combustion, with the exact additive level
being
deDendent on the paper used. Although the work is
not
completed, the preliminary results s-iggest
considerable
changes in smcke chemistry, as com;a-ed to tne
controt
cigarettes, when smoked under standard smokinc
conditions
to a 30 mm tobacco butt length. ThE maximum gain
of
about two puffs per cigarette may be obtained by
maximum
decrease of burn rate which still maintains
smouldering.
Comparison of smoke TPM and nicotine yields are
probably
best made on a per puff basis, since the
experiment has
resulted in changes in puff number. TPM yields
were
decreased by from 10 to 20'., while nicotine
yields dropped
by no more than 7.. The HCN deliveries showed a
signi-
ficant increase (20-50. range) while TAA
deliveries
decreased (30-50'. range). These effects on smoke
vapour
phase will be rechecked. The chanae in smoke
prooerties
remains to be checked usino the nit-omethane
fraction
index (T-7092) and the mutagenesis test (T-7708),
as
indicators of the biological activity of the
smoke.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 23
April 1999


T-8077, T-7051 Studies of Human Smoking Behaviour
Personnel: P. Dunn, E.R. Freiesleben
Objev:ive: To study the real effects on smokers of
modifying smoking
products in order to reduce intake of harmful
substances.-
Status: The most difficult and yet perhaps the
most important
task in assessing human smoking, is the
measurement of
the depth of inhalation. It was felt that
maanetometer
results as well as carbon monoxide studiES would
prov'ce
a suitable means for making this assessment.
Report No. 149,describing the modification and
utilization
of magnetometer techniques for measuring
resoiratory
patterns relative to smoking behaviour,has been
completed.
However it was found that the application of this
tech-
nique during human smoking has been hindered by
excessive
body movemants and thus further study to overcome
this
difficulty is required.
The procedure for the quantitative determination
of very
low carbon monoxide levels,as found in alveolar
atmosphere,
has been successfully implemented with our
instrumentation.
An investigation has been initiated into the
correlation
of depth of inhalation, estimated from alveolar
carbon
monoxide concentrations, with puff-taking position
and
also cigarette brand smoked. A cursory analysis of
alveolar
carbon monoxide and human smoking patterns of a
large
group of cigarette makers smoking their-preferred
brand
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 23
April 1999


112
T-8077, T-7051 (cont'd)
has proven interesting but rather inconclusive.
In-
consistent changes in alveolar carbon monoxide
concen-
trations before and after cigarettes smoking, as
well
as through the day, have been observed, but with a
large
overlap of results from different brand smokers.
Because
of problems with the magnetometers however, the
evaluation
of carbon monoxide results relative to puff-taking
position
has been delayed. Thus it was decided that an
intense
study of a small grou-, of specific brand smokers
(celaying
magnetometer scudies) would be more beneficial.
Having monitored 8 smokers of a specific brand,
each
trirough the day for 2 days, the alveolar carbon
monoxide
differences before and after cigarette smoking
have been
correlated with smoking patterns. However, due to
ins-
trumental problems of the Freiri Slave Smoking
machine
these analyses are incompleted and/or need
verification.
A comparative brand study involving a small group
of
Matinde and du Maurier smokers is presently being
completed,
to help in Project Church. This study includes the
smoking
of various competitive brands of similar tar and
nicotine
delivery, as well as similar physical
characteristics
(i.e. length, pressure drop). The changes in human
smoking
patterns and reactions with these different
products may
be useful in product development and for marketing
depart-
ment, in designing and evaluating new products.
A detailed study of the alveolar carbon monoxide
concen-
tration of 2 smokers through the day, over the
period
of one week, is in progress, including cigarettes
of
_r~-b
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E3 ATCo document for Province of British Columbia
23 April 1999


/13
T-8077, 7-7051 (cont'd)
different carbon monoxide to nicotine ratio (from
standard machine results).
The method for blood nicotine determination of
Feyerbend
et al. (J. Pharm. Pharmac., 1975, 27, 434-436.) is
presently
being applied to our instrumentation with the hope
that
equivalent response limits may be reached.
Alterations
in this technique as well as extraction procedures
will
soon be completed.
-r--b
CD
cc
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/14
T-6810 Flue-cured Tobacco Flavour Enhancers
Personnel: A.F. El Naggar
Objective: To identify flavour-enhancing agents
which will improve
the taste quality and level of low tar flue-cured
cig-
arettes, without changing their character.
Status: Experimental work on this project has been
terminated,
after an extensive study of candidate enhancing
formulations
developed internally or from flavour supply
houses, using
the ~atin6e cigarette as a model. The additives
were
sprayed onto the tobacco blend. Samples were first
screened
for basic acceptance by a small panel of 8 to 10
smckers,
with those of potential being further evaluated by
both
a paired-comparison package test (80-100 smokers)
and a
ranking technique based on the Duncan Multiple
Rancie test
(20-25 smokers). It is recommended that the best 2
en-
hancers be submitted for consumer research, either
in a
separate test or in conjunction with a product
development
project. A report is being prepared.
CD
NJ
cc
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 23
April 1999


T-6811 Project Gour1ret
Personnel: A.F. El Naggar
Objective: To develop a cigaret-e with a novel,
recognisable flavour.
which will appeal strongly to a small but
significant segment
of Canadian smokers.
Status: Experimental work on --nis proJect has
been temporarily
susuended, :sndinq (-z' analyses of the results of
a consumer
test series using a --angle cicarette technique in
shopping
centre booths, and (:~' the scnedulinq of a
further test
series, dependent on aevelopment priorities. A
report on
the current s-,atus is in preparation.
C:)
cc
13 ATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia
23 April 1999


/16
T-6861 Coated Ciqar Tips
Personnel: A.F. El Naggar
Objective: To develop an alternative technique for
producing sweetened
cigar tips, so as to reduce the costly extensive
usage of
saccharin.
Status: Comparative consumer testing of Colts anc
Old Port Tipped
Cigarillos, carrying either coated cigar-tips or
normal
cigar tips with incorporated sweetener, has been
completed.
The test showed that the coated tip products were
at least
equally acceptable to the conventional products,
and in
some respects were marginally preferred. However a
dramatic
fall in the price of saccharin in recent months
has con-
siderably reduced the potential cost saving of the
coating
technique, and no decision has yet been made on
its use
in production.
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13 ATCo document for Province of British Columbia
23 April 1999


/17
T-7093 Intercomoarison of 7wo Low Delivery
Cioarettes
Personnel: R.L. Rice
Objective: To find why Craven A Regular cigarettes
consis t ly
'Pt
yield less tar than Matin6e Regular, and hence to
modify
our brand so as to give a lower tar yield than its
competitor in a subtle, subjectively acceptable
way.
Status: This comparison has started recently, to
see initially
whether the small difference in tar yield results
from
differences in deliveries from the tobacco
sections
or from differences in the filtration
efficiencies.
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh ColuMbia 23
April 1999


/18
T-7094 Determination of Pressure Drops durino
Machine Smokinc.
and Puff-by-Puff Tar Yields
Personnel: M.P. Scherbak
ObJective: To see if significant differences
exist, between ctheriise
comparable cigarette brands, in pressure drop
during
machine smoking and in puff-by-puff tar yields.
These
oroperties may have an important relationship to
some
aspects cf subjective acceptabillty, and may
provide
useful pointers for product development.
Status: While such measurements have been made
recently for some
specific product development projects, a more
thorough
study is being undertaken of the extent of
variation of
their 'pattern' down cigarettes for some ITL and
Opposition
Brands.
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13 ATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia
23 April 1999


/19
T-7095 Development of a Verv Low Tar Cioarette
Personnel: M.P. Scherbak
Objective: To develop very low tar king-size
cigarettes havinq the
highest possible subjective acceptability.
Status: A survey is being rnade of the means of
achieving very
low smoke yields of tar in cigarettes around the
world.
To help identi,.'y the most subjectively
acceptable design
of such a product, attention will be centred
initially
on the effect of different degrees of tip
ventilation,
because it is trils design feature which will have
by
far the greatest influence in reaching the
required low
tar levels.
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 23
April 1999


/20
T-7338 Coated Carbon Filters
Personnel: A.F. El Naggar
Object've: To develop a subjectively acceptable
carbon filter cio-
arette by using coated carbon. The filter should
be as
effective as possible in reducing the
concentration of
some components of smoke vapour phase (of
biological
significance and/or implicated in subjective
irritation),
while contributing none of the so-called carbon
off-taste
to tne smoke.
Status: We wish to evaluate.the possible use of
coated carbon,
as suggested by GR & DC, and to collaborate in its
practical
development. We have adapted some of the
techniques of
Professor Chang of McGill in attempting to coat
suitably
activated charcoal granules with different
polymeric
materials, including polyHEMA, nitrocellulose,
hydroxy-
propylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,
and nylon
(Poly 610). For comparative evaluations,
cigarettes having
triple filters, containing a granular bed between
2 acetate
pieces, were prepared by hand after removing the
cigarette's
original filter plug. In preliminary trials we
found that
coating with the nylon polymer gave a sample of
potential.
A small group of expert smokers found a filter
containing
70 mg of this sample to give smoke with no
charcoal taste,
whereas in our hands, filters containing the other
samples
were less acceptable. At the same time, the
nylon-coated
carbon bed had an HO filtration efficiency of 39%,
and
an aldehyde efficiency of 26%, compared to those
of a
similar bed of uncoated carbon of 49. for each. In
this
preliminary trial, the nylon coatina was applied
by a
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 23
April 1999


/21
T-7338 (CDnt'd)
modification of Chang's emulsion technique
(Science,
146, 524 (1964)). This now has to be checked,
refined
and its reproducibility determined.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 23
April 1999


/22
T-7339 Ion Exchanoe Resin Filters
Personnel: A.F. El Naggar
Objective: To develop a subjectively acceptable
cigarette having a
filter containing an ion exchance resin, so as to
speci-
fically reduce the irritation of the smoke without
causing
smoke taste to deteriorate.
Status: Filters, sup:ilied by Brown and Williamson
and containina
pockets of the ion-exchange resin Duolite, have
been
subjectively tested on J.P.S. tobacco rods. The
filters
caused a poor off-taste to develop during the last
few
puffs of the cigarette. We are now evaluating some
FACT
cigarettes from Brown & Williamson to see if our
smokers
observe a taste-change near the butt, using the US
blended
tobacco cigarette. If the Duolite filter has this
specific
disadvantage when used on flue-cured cigarettes,
we will
study ways of modifying this and similar resins to
over-
come the problem.
C:)
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/23
T-5503 Evaluation of the PROGRAM Filter
Personnel: R.L. Rice, L. Bouchard, 0. English
Objective: To see whether a PROGRAM filter will
work for flue-cured
cigarettes, to identify optimum dimensions for it,
and
to develop a method of making it
semi-automatically. The
idea behind this filter, from Brown & Williamson,
was to
achieve an increase in filter pressure drop for
the
strong last puffs.of a cigarette, and hence to
reduce the
tar content of these puffs to achieve a more
uniform
puff-by-puff tar availability.
Status: A novel means of constructing a PROGRAM
filter has been
found by the Technical Service group, using a
narrow
plastic tube insert. A joint project with them is
now
starting to see whether it works with flue-cured
smoke,
and to pin-point the optimum conficuratio'n for
it.
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E3 ATCo document for Province of British Columbia
23 April 1999


/24
T-7275 Miscellaneous Vapour Phase Analyses:
Car',,on Monoxide
Yields.
Personnel: M.P. Scherbak
Objective: To compare smoke yields of carbon
monoxide from our own
and competitive brands.
Status: Carbon monoxide levels in smoke were
determined for
selected I.T.L. and opposition brands. The table
shows
a comparison of cigarette yields of tar, nicotine,
and
carbon monoxide, and puff numbers, for the top
Canadian
brands sampled on June 1975.
Type/ Brand Puff Smoke Yields mq/ciqarette
I Number Tar Nicotine I CO
Filter Regular
du Maurier 7.8 14.5 1.03 21.2-
Belvedere 7.7 14'. 1 1.10 19.5
Players 7.4 19.1 1.35 19.1
Export A 7.8 15.7 1.25 18.4
Matinee 6.8 8.6 0.52 16.4
Craven A 7.4 8.1 0.57 15.5
Filter Kino Size
du Maurier 9.0 18.3 1.32 20.5
Peter Jackson 9.1 19.0 1.32 21.S
Number Seven 9.9 18.6 1.2B 21.9
Rothmans 10.1 17.5 1.25 23.9
Mark Ten 10.3 20.2 1.36 25.7
Matinde 9.0 12.7 0.83 17.3
Craven A 9.6 14.3 1.23 17.2
Menthol Filter
King Size
Cameo 8.0 17.3 1.16 23.0
Craven M 8.8 11.2 0.87 17.3
Plain
PTa-yers Regular 8.0 19.3 1.13 18.9
Export Regular 7.5 15.9 1.18 17.1
Mark Ten K.S. 10.2 18.5 1.38 17.4
CD
cc
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 23
April 1999


/25
T-7275 (cont'd)
A comparison of these yields of carbon monoxide of
our
brands relative to the opposition brands looks
more
favourable than last year. The decreased number of
puffs
with the change to higher porosity cigarette paper
for
du Maurier KS, Peter Jackson KS, Cameo and Players
Plain
cigarettes resulted in lower yields of carbon
monoxide
in our brands. Only one of our brands, du Maurier
Filter
Regular, showed a significant increase (from 18.1
to 21.2
mg/cigt) in delivery of carbon monoxide.
Two opposition brands, Mark Ten KS Filter and
Export
Plain,showed a significant increase of yield of
carbon
monoxide. Carbon monoxide deliveries of 20 major
Canadian
cigarette brands have recently been published in a
scientific journal (Robinson and Forbes, Archives
of
Environmental Health, 30, 425 (September 1975)).
CD
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/26
T-7092 The Nitromethane Fraction Index of Smoke
Condensate (NMFI)
Personnel: M.P. Scherbak
Objective; To determine the Nitromethane Fraction
Index for smokes
from a number of series of cigarettes related to
both
our R & D programme and to external work.
Status: Work has commenced on the determination of
NMFI for
smokes from cigarette samples from the following
projects-.-
a) The Delhi Tobacco and Health Bioassay Programme
(T-0439)
b) The BAT Janus Cigarette Series;
c) The Chemical Burn Modification project
(T-7088);
d) The Schweitzer-PCL comparison (T-6539);
e) The Studies of the Effects of Reconstitution by
the
PCL and AJIOO Processes (T-6533 and T-6530).
(c.f. RL Report numbers 132 and 133),
All cigarette samples have been divided into ni-ne
sets
of no more than seven samples per set. Each set
includes
a standard cigarette as reference, containing
74.6% flue-
cured blend, 7.4. PCL and 18% CRS-
4 :1
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13 ATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia
23 April 1999


/27
T-7708 Tests with Microbial Mutants
Personnel: M.H. Bilimoria
Objective: To use microbial mutants for the
detection of potential
mutagens and carcinogens in smoke and for
comparing
tobacco products.
Status: Studies with Ames' Salmonella mutant TA-98
Whole cigarette smoke, collected in glass spirals
at
-700C and dissolved out using acetone, is able to
revert
strain TA-98 in presence of a liver activation
system
prepared from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated guinea
pigs.
No increase in back mutation was noted in the
absence
of the activation system when condensate upto 250
pg.
per plate was employed.
VaDour phase of cigarette smoke, obtained after
removal
of the TPM on Cambridge filter pads, does not
increase
the number of revertants using TA-99, but will
have to
be re-examined using another strain (TA-100). On
the
other hand, TPM collected an Cambridge filter pads
shows
high activity with respect to ability to revert
TA-98
in presence of the guinea pig liver preparation.
TPM
collected on Cambridge filter pads also appears to
increase
the number of revertants with TA-98 above 50 pg
per plate,
even in the absence of the activation system,
although
the number of recorded revertants is about a tenth
of
the number obtained with the latter. In studies
designed
to find if we could use these microbial procedures
to
differentiate between tobacco products,we have
found that
NJ
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BATCO dOCUrnent for Province of British COIUMbia
23 April 1999


/28
T-7708 (cont'd)
cigarettes containing the new smoking material,
Cytrel
gives smoke with a distinctly lower specific
mutagenic
activity (i.e. on a per mg basis), than that from
regular
flue-cured cigarettes. This lower specific
activity was
observed using both the Rosenkranz E.coli and
Ames'
Salmonella procedures. It was observed that, when
Cytrel
was blended with flue-cured tobacco, there was
none of
the expected lowering of specific activity of the
resulting
smoke. It is planned to apply this test to a
number of
samples from our own and external research
programmes.
C:)
N)
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BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/29
T-7709 Changes in Bronchial EDithelium induced by
Cigarette
Smoke.
Personnel: J. Johnson, M.H. Bilimoria, H.P.
Witschi, J.C. Hogg.
Objective: To establish biochemical parameters of
tobacco-smoke
induced lesions in the bronchial tree and
pulmonary
parenchyma. It is hoped that one or several
parameters
can be defined which may then serve as a
short-term
screening test for the evaluation of product
improvement.
To maximise the relevance of such a test to the
effects
of smoking on humans, priority was given to
studies of
the tracheobronchial tree, over those involving
lung
tissues.
Status: 1. Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation in Cells
of the
Tracheobronchial Tree (J. Johnson)
Experiments have been completed on lipid
peroxidation
of tracheal epithelial cells of smoke-exposed
guinea-
pigs. Guinea-pigs (300-400g) were exposed to smoke
produced by 5 standard flue-cured cigarettes. At
various time intervals (immediately after
exposure,
6-8 hours, 18-22 hours, and 48 hours after
exposure),
the animals were sacrificed and the trachea slit
open
longitudinally. The epithelial cells were gently
scraped off into isotonic saline and then
incubated
in vitro for 2 hours in thle presence of MADPH,
Fe___
and ADP. At the end of the incubation, the
thiobarbituric
acid (TBA) test. which measures the amount of
malon-
dialdehyde and hence indicates that peroxidation
has
occurred, was performed on the incubation mixture.
Z~.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/30
T-7709 (cont'd)
It wad found that cells from smoke-exposed animals
consistently underwent less lipid peroxidation
than
did cells from c ontrol(sham-smoked) guinea-pigs.
This
inhibition of lipid peroxidation was observed in
cells
isolated immediately after smoke exposure and
persisted
for up to 18-22 hours later (see Table ). At 48
hours, the lipid peroxidising activity returned to
that of the controls.
LIPID PEROXIDATION ACTIVITY (00/ma. Prot./Hr.) of
TRACHEAL
CELLS OF GUINEA-PIG
Expt. Description Controls Smoke-Treated
Sacrificed immediately 0.087 - .039 0.022 - .015
after exposure
Sacrificed 6-8 hours 0.054 - .022 0.026 - .013
after exposure
Sacrificed 18-22 hours 0.07 - .013 0.029 - .016
after exposure
Sacrificed 48 hours 0.047 - .02 0.040 - .014
after exposure
Experiments were also carried out, in which
tracheal
cells were exposed in vitro to tobacco smoke
condensate.
Cells were isolated from control guinea-pigs, and
sus-
pended in saline before being incubated for 2
hours
with different amounts of the water-soluble phase
of
smoke condensate in the incubation mixture. In the
presence of the smoke condensate, lipid
peroxidation
C:)
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/31
T-7709 (cont'd)
was inhibited in a dose-dependent way. Thus a bio-
chemical effect of a system observed when animals
are exposed to smoke in vivo could be duplicated
by
exposing the same system to smoke condensate in
vitro.
As a result of these findings it was decided that
no
further work need be carried out on the analyses
of
lipid peroxidation on tracheal cells.
2. Biosynthesis of macromolecules within the
tracheal
epithelium (J. Johnson)
Preliminary work has begun on this project which
entails measuring (a) the rate of glycoprotein
syn-
thesis and (b) the rate of release of formed
macro-
molecules into the medium.
a) Rate of glycoprotein synthesis.
Labelled sugars (glucosamine -C 14 and fucose -H 3
are incubated for varying lengths of time with
minced trachea from healthy guinea-pigs and rats.
After given time intervals, the incubated tissue
is homogenised in trichloracetic acid and the
acid-
soluble protein (containing the glycoprotein) is
precipitated and dried. The dried material is
solubilized for scintillation counting, so that
the amount of incorporation of the labelled sugar
can be estimated. So far, both the guinea-pig
and the rat show a linear rate of uptake. Rate
of uptake has so far been shown to be dependent
on length of time of incubation, and amount of
-CZ:.
CD
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/32
T-7709 (cont'd)
metabolism tissue. Further preliminary studies
are required, such as effect of uptake of sugars
on animals pre-treated with protein inhibitors,
etc., before actual experiments can be started
with smoke-treated animals.
3. Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in
ouinea
piq and Spraaue-Dawley rat tissues, and
mutagenesis
in Ames' Salmonella typhimurium strain TA-98.
(M.H.
Bilimoria).
Exposure of various species of laboratory animals
such as mice, rats and hamsters to tobacco smoke,
generally results in increased activity of the
enzyme
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in the lung. In
an ongoing study on tobacco smoke toxicity in
guinea
pigs, a considerable amount of morphological and
Physiological data is being accumulated, and
conse-
quantly, we decided to determine pulmonary levels
of AHH in these same animals. Random-bred guinea
pigs were exposed to smoke from 5 cigarettes in
the
Hogg smoking machine, and an equal number were
sham-
smoked. Levels of the enzyme were measured
immediately
after, and 1,3,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours after smoke
exposure. No increased activity of AHH was
observed
in the lung and liver of smoke-exposed animals.
In fact, there was a marked depression of enzyme
activity immediately after, and up to 12 hours
after
smoke exposure. At longer time intervals after
smoking,
CO
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13 ATCO document for Province of British Columbia
23 April 1999


/33
T-7709 (cont'd)
no differences were found in enzyme levels in the
lung of both control and smoke-exposed animals.
However Sprague-Dawley rats,exposed to smoke from
the same kind of cigarettes in the same smoking
machine, showed a marked induction of AHM in the
lung
but not in the liver.
The effect of treatment with 2 known carcinogens
has also been studied. 3-Methylcholanthrene,
injected
intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/Kg, also did
not induce AHH in the lung of guinea pigs 18-24
hours
later, while Arachlor 1254, injected by the same
route at 500 mg/Kg, resulted in a marked
depression
of enzyme activity in the lunc. Both 3-methylcho-
lanthrene-and Arachlor 1254-treated guinea-pigs
resulted in a significant increase in the level of
AHH in the liver. In contrast, similar
3-methylcho-
lanthrene-and Arachlor 1254-treatments of Sprague-
Dawley rats showed marked induction of this enzyme
in both the lung and the liver. Our results
suggest
that species differences in the inducibility of
pulmonary
AHH will have to be taken into account in future
studies
on acute and chronic toxicity of tobacco smoke.
These
results will be presented at the Annual Meeting of
the Society of Toxicology at Atlanta, Georgia, in
March.
Mutagenesis in Salmonella and specificities of
lunq and
liver preparations.
All lung preparations, both control and induced,
have
c0
I-ID
U-4
c0
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/34
T-7709 (cont'd)
thus far failed to activate 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene and
tobacco
smoke condensate to mutagens for S. typhimurium
strain
TA-98. It is planned to try other substrates such
as
2-aminoanthracene and nicotine in conjunction with
lung
preparations from guinea pigs, rats and rabbits,
as well
as from humans. In contrast to the lung, suitable
inducing
agents result not only in increases in levels of
AHH in
the liver, but also in increased mutation rates in
the
Salmonella test. Thus, pretreatment of
Sprague-Dawley
rats with Arachlor 1254 results in enhanced
hepatic AHH
activity as well as enhanced transformation of
3,4-benzo(a)
pyrene into mutagenic compounds for S.
Thyphimurium
TA-98. If, however, tobacco smoke instead of
3,4-benzo(a)
pyrene is employed with the above rat hepatic AHH
pre-
parations, no enhanced mutation rate is obtained
with
the Salmonella strain, even though there is much
more
AHH activity in the hepatic preparation from
Arachlor-
treated animals. A similar pretreatment of these
rats
with 3-methylcholanthrene results in enhanced
hepatic
AHH activity as well as enhanced transformation of
both
3,4-benzo(a)pyrene and cigarette smoke condensate
into
mutagenic compounds for this Salmonella strain.
Similar
studies, involving differences in specificities
from
control and differently treated guinea pigs, are
in
progress.
X~.
CD
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


/35
T-0251 Miscellaneous analysis of casinqs and
flavours
Personnel: A.F. El Naggar, M.P. Scherbak
Objective: Analysis of menthol on fine-cut
tobacco, as a service
to Manufacturing Department in adjusting spraying
equipment.
Status: 50 samples of mentholated fine cut tobacco
have been
analysed. This work has since been transferred to
the
Quality Testing Laboratory.
CD
Co
CD
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999


QD
%0
4 th.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 23
April 1999