Copy December 15, 1955
PRO;ECTS FOR 1. T. CO. RESEARCH LABORATORY
The following is a list of the projects which, it
is felt,
the Research laboratory would be well warranted in
undertaking
at the present time if staff and facilities were
available.
Several additional projects could have been
included but we
have shown only the mor6 important or more urgent
ones. We
have also indicated the approximate staff
requirements for
each project and have estimated &3 well as is
possible the
length of time required to bring each to some
degree of com-
pletion or to a stage where the potentiality of
the work can
be better evaluated.
The purpose of preparing this memorandum is to
assist in
deciding the future space and staff requirements
for a research
laboratory. In estimating these requirements, the
number and
type of projects to be carried out simultaneously
will have to
be balanced against the amount of money it Is
wished to spend
on a research program and the urgency with which
results are
desired. Once this decision has been made, then It
will be
possible to proceed with plans for expansion of
the laboratory
facilities and to attempt to acquire qualified
additional staff
if required. The present laboratory is exceedingly
over-
crowded and even if it should be decided to take
on no more
personnel, some additional space, such as the
remaining area
of B 4th floor would still be required. It is also
highly
desirable to pYAyzically and perhaps
organisationally separate
the technical service and research groups in order
to remove
the research people from the influence of the day
to day
problems. The actual physical distance separating
the two
groups is & matter of considerable conjecture
although the
consensus of opinion seems to be to remain in the
Montreal
district where reasonably close contact can be
maintained with
the St. Antoine Street factory, the Engineering
group and the
Head Office.
In estimating space requirements, it is customary
to allow
400 - 500 square feet per laboratory employee.
This space
includes administrative offices, stenographic
area, library,
conference room, temperature and humidity
controlled rooms,
storage rooms, equipment washing rooms, etc. in
addition to
the serviced bench areas. The latter normally
comprises
approximately 50% of the gross area.
In addition to the staff associated with each of
the
following projects, there will also be required
stenographers,
librarian, cleaners, and a calculator operator. If
the
laboratory in located away from the St. Antoine
Street factory,
a building and equipment maintenance staff would
also be
required.
The projects have been put down in what we
consider to be
the order of greatest priority.
CQLOUR. Since the improvement of colour of our
cigarette C:)
brands is considered to be very importanto it is
our opinion thal C:)
s' research project investigating the basic
knowledge of the
factors which affect colbur during all stages
subsequent to
curing should be undertaken." Thi's project would
be carried
out largely in thO Laboratory and would
investigate the effects r*.)
or such factors an temperature, moisture, pressure
and time.
With the knowled9d obtained from these
experimentsp it would
be possible to more intelligently decidel upon the
best methods
for handling tobacco from the time it is baled
right through
to the manufactured product in such a vay as to
best preserve
its colour.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 21
April 1999


STAPP REQUIRMs One Research chemist.
One technician.
DURATION OF PROJFCTs Two to three years for
completion.
Partial answers would accrue at
different periods starting after
about six months.
2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TOBACCOi Little is known
about the
physical properties of tobacco. Some of the
properties which
we feel ought to be investigated aret
hygroscopicity, rates of
change of moisture which would Include the study
of the bound
and free, internal and surface moisture,
elasticity, pliability,
specific heats and heats of absorption and
desorption, filling
capacity and shatterability. Investigation of the
effects
of temperature, pressure, time and moisture on the
above
properties and also how these properties vary from
grade to
grade and from variety to variety would be carried
out.
Information from this project would be utilised in
conducting
the various processes such as stemming
conditioning, drying,
heating, and cooling to which tobacco Is
subjected.
STAPP REQUIRM One physicist or physical chemist
One or two technicians
DURATION OF PROJFCT: Two to four years for
reasonable
completion. Techniques developed
would be used to evaluate new
crops and varieties.
The Ontario Research Foundation has been engaged
to develop
techniques for the measurement of shattering and
of filling
capacity. This work is related to some of the
properties
mentioned above but is much more specific in
nature. The
techniques developed would serve as measuring
instruments for
the research project.
SMOKE1 EVALUATION OF SMOrTNG FROM A SUBJECTIVE
VIEW POINT:
This project can be divided in three phasess
a) Why do people smoke? Since this is not really
clear, we
do not know precisely what steps to take in order
to
improve the smoking qualities of our cigarettes,
either
through varietal changes, curing, aging,
manufacturing
processes, or flavours.
b) Physiological effects of smokingi Perhaps some
attempt
should be made to measure irritation, alkaloidal
effect,
etc. in order to detatmihe differences between
brands,
varieties etc. This information would indicate
trends
to be followed in developing an improved smoke.
thb
c) Panel testing of cigarettess This work will be
conducted C:)
by the Laboratory, the ob atives being to carry
out C:)
routine triangular tests i: order to detect
differences
and to select an expert tester or test panel. The
expert C7%
would be required to classify smoking
characteristics on -
some arbitrary scale which, it is hoped, could be
related 110
to the chemical composition and other properties
of both
smoke and tobacco.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 21
April 1999


- 3 -
STAFF REQUIREDs For sections 'a' and Ibl, it is
suggested
that outside help from psychologists,
physiologists, and medical
people be sought. The first approach may be to
consult with
the staffs at one or more of the 'Universities.
For section 'c'
it would also be worth while to contact experts in
the fields
of taste and flavour testing. It is estimated that
one
technician (presently available) would be required
for section
'c' with supervision part time from a chemist--.
If feasible,
this chemist should also be the contact man with
the consul-
tants required for 'a' and Ibl.
DURATION OF PROJECT.t The duration of sections 'a'
and
IbI would depend entirely upon
the results of a few months of
exploratory efforts. It is
expected that 'c' would be a
continuing program.
4. SMOKEt FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF COMBUSTION
CONDITIONS AND
PRODUCTS OF COMRIUSTION IN A CIGARETTE
Some of the characteristics which should be
investigated
&ret-
a) Temperatures of combust
b) The materials balance be
iow;en the tobacco combusted and
the products of combustion.
V Gross differences in the products of combustion.
d Measurement of . Cb1C0 rati and CH4 as
indicators of the
completeness of comba"tio"!
e~ Size of particles in cigarette smoke.
f The nature or the particles.
PTAFF REQUIREnt One organic chemist
Ph.D.(presently available)
Assistance of a physicist or physical
chemist mentioned under project No.2
(not presently available).
One assistant chemist (available half time)
One technician (presently available).
The people noted above as being presently
available are
engaged in analysis of smoke condensate for the
possible
presence of carcinogens. This work has entailed
considerable
development of certain analytical techniques which
will, how-
ever, be useful for general Investigation of
smoke. It is
questionable if this work should be continued as
Dr. Wright at
the University of Toronto is also working &long
these lines.
it would seem preferable to change our program to
study the
broader aspects of combustion in cigarettes. A
detailed
chemical analysis of smoke has not been suggested
at this time
because of its great complexity, but an
investigation of the.
nitrogen constituents might be Tory worth while.
DURATION OF PRO;ErT1 Five years not including
detailed
chemical analyeds.
SKOKE - CIGARr"E TAR PRODUCTIONs We are presently
engaged in
supplying bass free cigarette tars to medical
researchers for
biological testing. We are also collecting tars
for analysis
as mentioned under No. 4.
STAFF REOUIRMs Assistant chemist half time (pre
sently
available)
Two technicians (presently available)
Supervision by organic chemist Ph.D
(presently available)
pURATION OF PROJXCT: A continuing program as far
as
can be foreseen.
CD
C)
I'D
cr%
N)
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 21
April 1999


- 4 -
6. TOBACCO ANAT-YSPSt
a) Crop analyzes. Analyzes of 16 representative
grades of
flue cured tobacco to determine the chemical and
physical
differences existing between grades and between
crop years.
Samples have been obtained from 1951, 1952, 1953
and 1954
crops. Considerable analyses remain to be
completed.
It was, therefore, decided to not sample the 1955
crop
but rather to exhaustively analyse the samples
already
on hand. Duplicate samples were obtained from the
1954
crop in order to get some estimation of the
reproduce-
ability of the sampling techniques. It is expected
that
a program of this type will be carried on In
subsequent
years but analyzes will be made for only those
constituents
which are particularly indicative of quality.
Analyses
will undoubtedly also be made for constituents not
yet
investigated.
b) Analyses of tobacco grown either on our fam or
on
Experimental Stations in connection with cultural,
fertilis-
er, varietal or other studies. (Flue cured, burley
and
cigar tobacco).
e) Analyses of tobacco samples obtained directly
from various
farms for determination of irrigation effect,
chlorine
content or other characteristics. (Flue cured and
burley
tobacco).
d) Miscellaneous analyses such as determining
effects of
aging, fomentation, analyses of different brands,
etc.
e) Development and standardisation of methods of
analyses for
the above program. Exchange of collaborative
samples
with associated companies and experimental
stations for
purposes of standardising procedures.
STAFF REOUIRVD: Sectlons a, b. c & d,
One Ph.D. (not presently available)
One chemist B.Sc. (available)
Four technicians (three presently available)
Sect:%pr 6.
One cheM13t (experienced analyst presently
available)
One to two technicians or perhaps one
technician and a B.Sc.cbemi3t.
The B.Sc. chemist Is presently
available.
PURATION OF PPOJECTS A continuing program. While
the
emphasis of the above work may shift from one
phase to another,
it is felt that there will always be a need for a
tobacco
analysis program such as could be handled by the
staff indicated.
It will likely be necessary, at least for some
time to come, to
carry out some of the analytical work for the
experimental
stations. In many respects, this is a desirable
situation as C:)
it encourages a more intimate contact with the
experimental
station people and the work which they are
carrying out. The
volume of such work, however, should be limited
and the stations
encouraged to undertake as much of it themselves
as possible so
that it will not require too large an expenditure
of time and
personnel on our part.
13 ATCo document for Province of British Columbia
21 April 1999


- 5 -
7. $ICROBIOLOGICAT. AID FERHMATION STUDIESs
This work would be of prime importance in relation
to the
production ofinilder smoking cigars.
Microbiological studies
for the reduction of n1cotine in burley tobacco
and perhaps
flue cured tobacco could also prove to be worth
while.
Successful developments resulting from this work
could lead
to productb with better smoking quality than our
competitors.
For this reason, it istour present opinion that
this work
should be carried out by ourselves rather than by
government
agencies. Dr. N. MacRae at Ottawa bas started some
work with
microbiologicalcrganiams on cigar tobacco.
PTAFF RECUIREDs One Ph.D. microbiologist.
One chemist B.Sc. preferably with some
analytical experience.
Two technicians.
DURATION OF PROJECTz Three years to determine if
prac-
tical applications can be acbJ ved.
8. CASING AND FLAVOURING STUDIES:
Basic studies as to the effects of various casings
on
tobacco should be carried out, the objective being
to determine
if we can improve our products by the use of a
casing or com-
bination of casings. We also have little knowledge
of the
fundament&ls-involved in flavouring. A person with
a very
sensitive nose and good memory for aroma is
required for the
flavouring work. Some training in this field would
also be ELn
asset.
STAFF REQUIRRDs One chemist
One technician
DURATION OF PROJEM Two to thred years on a full
time
basis and then continued at a
reduced rate.
In addition to the above, the following supporting
staff
would be required.
1 or 2 stenographers (one presently available)
1 librarian B BcC.. (presently available)
1 Dishwasher and cleaner (presently available)
1 Stock keeper grinder of samples, general
hanlivorker Ineed for this person depends on
siza of staff)
1 Calculator operator.
While expected durations of each of the above
projects have
been indicated, it is rather probable that interim
results would
dictate a shift in the emphasis on some of the
research projects.
Furthermore, as new information and techniques are
produced both
in our own and other laboratories, additional
fields for research
will be op ned up. Compared to other commodities,
relatively
little sci:ntific information is available for
tobacco. The
need for research in our Company would, therefore,
appear to
be ensured for many years to come and would by no
means termin-
ate with the completion of the above projects.
RSWtDT
LABORATORY
C)
0%
rQ
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 21
April 1999