IMPERIAL TOBACCO PRODULTS DIVISION
Of tMASCO LIMITED
OUARTERLY RESEARCH REPORT
OF RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
Orroher 1)"embpr, 1970
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

COPY NO.
IMPERIAL TOBACCO PRODUCTS DIVISION
OF IMASCO LIMITED
RESEARCH LABORATORY IPa-
Aest;r-.h &
MONTREAL
wl-@- I 0 M A-Y 1 9 7 I
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QUARTERLY RESEARCH REPORT
OF RESEARCH DEPARTMENT
October - December, 1970 .........
Edited By: Dr. T. A. Smith
Issued by: Dr. T. A. Smith Date Issued: February 22, 1971
DISTRIBUTION
Copy No. 1 Library 19 Dr. F. Haslam
2 Library 20 Dr. F. Raslam
3 Mr. KIM. Cibb 21 Dr. I.W. Hughes
4 Mr. C. Warren 22 Dr. R. A. Sanford
5 Mr. L.A. Ricard 23 Dr. R. A. Sanford
6 Mr. R. S. Wade 24 Manager, R & D.D., Australia
7 Dr. T.A. Smith 25 Manager, R & D.D., Australia
8 Mr. S.M. Candlish 26 Dr. M. H. Billmoria
9 Mr. D.E. Schroeder 27 Mr. E. R. Freiesleben
10 Mr. R. L. Rice 28 Mrs. J. Johnson
11 Dr. M.A. Nisbet 29 Mr. R.S. Perrier
12 Dr. G. W. Boswall 30 Kr. M.P. Scherbak
13 Dr. S.J. Green 31 Mr. A. F. El Naggar
t4 Dr. S.J. Croon 32 Mrs. M.T. Schiff
15 Dr. S.J. Green 33 Miss R. R. Smith
16 Dr. S.J. Green 34 Mr. B.J. Stirling
17 Dr. S.J. Croon 35 Mr. W.A. Gray
IS Dr. D. G. Felton 36 Manufacturing Dept.
37 Engineering Dept.
"N.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

T 6126 Determination of Tar Producing Properties of Tobacco in
Granular Form
Objective: To develop methodology that will permit the
evaluation of yields of tar. nicotine and other products
of combustion using very small tobacco samples, of
potentially great value in many work areas.
To show that tar yields from granulated tobacco can be used
to predict deliveries from tobacco In cut form, studies are
being made of:
(1) the effect of method of sample preparation on particle
size and size distribution.
(2) the effect of particle size and size distribution on
tar yields.
(3) the relation between tar yields from cut and granular
forms.
The granular tobacco is supported in a cigarette tube by a
small filter plug.- and in smoked in a vertical position.
In preparation of the 'cigarette' containing granulated
tobacco. the selected particle size must not give such a
high pressure drop that the tar yield in too low to be
measured. The particle size giving favourable pressure
drop characteristics must also be representative of the
total sample.
Tobacco strips were equilibrated at two RH conditions. namely
60% and about 40% RH. They were ground in a Wiley mill through e'-t-;
a 3mm screen, and separated into three sieve fractions: 12 on
20, 20 on 40 and 40 an 60 mash. The effect of particle size k1j
on pressure drop-length relationships was determined using the
tobacco ground at 60% RH. The 40 an 60 mash fraction gave an
unacceptable pressure drop, but those of 12 on 20, 20 an 40
and 12 on 40 were suitable.
The following table illustrates the findings for flue-cured
grade CFL.
Pressure Drop (in. W.G. ) at Different Lengths
for Flue-cured Grade CYL
Fraction 30 = 1 60 mm 90 M
12 on 20 mash 1.5 3.0 4.4
12 on 40 2.7 5.5 8.0
20 on 40 3.4 6.7 10.1
40 on 60 8.0 15.5 - Xlb.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

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The combined fraction, 12 on 40 mash, is the most attractive
since, in addition to having acceptable pressure drop
characteristics, it represents 66 to $22 of the initial
weight of the tobacco after grinding at 6OZ RH. for a
number of flue-cured grades representative of the different
portions of the plant. Comparison of the Z retained an 40
mesh for samples ground at the two RH conditions is shown
below:
X of Particle Size Graator then 40 Mesh
Grade Ground at Ground at
about 40% RH 60% RH
R 65.2 81.3
FS-2 63.1 65.9
CFL 62.2 71.9
A,F-2 68.7 82.3
G-2 65.6 79.8
D-2 60.5 74.2
M 62.7 82.3
BF-2 65.8 81.3
Coefficients of filtration, impedance and retention have
been calculated using the Fordyce method for 12 on 20
and 12 on 40 mesh fractions and for cut tobacco, and the
results are currently being analyzed. (RSP. RLR).
T 6351 Comparison of TPM Yields from Old Port Cigarillas
Obi active: To determine the reasons for the very large
differences observed in puff numbers and tar yields between
Old Port tipped and plain and eigarillos.
By sucking cigars with and without the wrapper, as was
described in the previous quarterly report, the Ultra A
wrapper was shown to be responsible for increasing the tar
yield of the cigar two fold over the basic tar yield of
the cigar without the wrapper.
During the past quarter, additional work has beta carried
out to confirm the above findings and to determine the
effects of other parameters on tar yields. This work has
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

3
been discontinued as It would appear that the tar yields
of the ci&arillos vary very appreciably from sample to
sample. Consideration is being given to the design of a
sampling scheme that will give a reliable estimate of the
variability in tar yields of 0. P. cigarillos and the reasons
for this variability, I.e., wrapper, binder, filler. etc.
Comparison of data originating from Montreal and from Lancaster,
?&., indicate a much lower car yield from the U. S. product.
A collaborative experiment has been set up between Lancaster
and 4ontreal to determine if the differences are real, and
if so, to determine the cause. The collaboration also provides
an opportunity to compare the methodology of the two laboratories.
(R. L. R.)
T 6530 Evaluation of PCL Produced from Different Tobaccos
Objective: To find the effects of tobacco reconstitution
principally on the subjective properties, but also an the
biological activity (by the hyperplasia test) and chemical
composition of the smoke.
Two leaf grades in both leaf and sheet form were compared.
The AJ100 process was employed for making the sheets so that
the comparison between leaf and sheet would not be complicated
by chemical differences.
A. Flue cured grade D C. Flue cured grade D
CRS, 3:1 ratio, VS, 3:1 ratio,
cased with glycerol processed into PCL
at a level equivalent by the Ailoo process.
to that In C & D.
B. Flue cured grade R D. Flue cured grade R
CRS, 3:1 ratio, VS, 3:1 ratio,
cased with glycerol processed into PCL
at a level equivalent by the AJ100 process.
to C & D.
The smoke chemistry of these samples was described in the
previous quarterly, and the results of the hyperplasia tests
and subjective comparisons are al-rized below. The test
materials at a 10OZ level in plain and cigarettes, were used
in the h"erplasia tests. The results indicate that the AJ100
process does not reduce the specific biological activity of
the condensate as judged by the hyperplasia test. However,
the condensate from samples A and C has a lower activity than NJ
that from B and D.
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Filter tipped cigarettes were used in the subjective evaluation,
employing the test materials at a 50% level. Comparison of A
to C and of 5 to D suggested that the AJ process may increase
the irritation of the smoke. However, this result can be
considered to be inconclusive as no differences in irritation
were perceived in comparisons between A and 3 and between B
and C.
This project is of considerable importance in relation to
future work an sheet. It is recommended that new samples be
manufactured and that the subjective tests be repeated. MR)
T 6533 A Comparison of Reconstituted Tobaccos Made by Five Processes
Objective: To compare sheet and smoke properties. smoke
composition and subjective smoking characteristics of
reconstituted tobaccos made by different processes, as a
basis for future sheet work.
Reconstituted tobaccos were made from common starting materials,
by the following five processes;
(a) Regular PCL process
(b) Schweitzer paper process
(c) Rapaport (Gerlach) process
(d) AJ100 process
(e) MK II (Brown & Williamson) process
The sample of paper reconstituted tobacco sade for us by
Peter J. Schweitzer (U.S.) weakened the value of the results,
since It had a high nitrate content which could not have been
derived from the starting materials supplied. The sugar and
nicotine contents of this sample were lower than those of
regular PCL, suggesting either only partial add-back of
tobacco extract or the use of foreign materials during its
preparation. However, the differences between the five processes
were such that the sheets could not be expected to have identical
chemical composition.
The five sheets varied considerably in apparent surface area
per gram (62 to 148 cm2/gram) and thickness (0.09 to 0.21 mm).
but not in "apparent volume". Comparison of the properties
of cigarettes containing 100% sheet was made difficult because
the cigarettes had neither a common weight, pressure drop or
firmness due to manufacturing problem probably stemming from
the physical properties or moisture retention of the sheets.
The calculated weight of the cigarettes for a common firmness
varied in the range 1080 to 1280 mg, with the MK 11 sheet
having the poorest filling properties. Calculated cigarette
pressure drops for a common weight of 1200 mg varied from 7.4
inches for the Rapaport sample to 0.8 inches for that from the
NX It process. apparently more through the influence of
apparent surface area than apparent volume. The wide
variations in weight and pressure drop of the cigarette
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

5
samples containing 1002 sheet had a considerable effect
on their smoulder rates and puff numbers, making smoke
deliveries per puff the best basis for comparing the smoke
composition. Caution Is required in extrapolating data
obtained with 100% sheet cigarettes to blends containing
only a portion of sheet.
The properties and composition of the smoke from the 10OX
sheet cigarettes were examined extensively. to serve as'
reference points for future sheet work. Previous biological
tests have suggested that Rapaport (Gerlach) reconstituted
tobacco may give smoke with a specific activity that is lower
than that from regular FCL. This is supported by many results
of the present study. Thus the Rapaport sample gave smoke
condensate containing the lowest 2 nitromethane fraction,
the lowest yield of bento(a)pyrans, the lowest specific DCIP-
reducing and ascorbate-oxidising activities, the lowest
fluorescence and the lowest % total neutrals fraction. The
smoke from the Schweitzer sample had a higher % nitromethane
fraction than that from regular PCL, but in the other proper-
ties listed above, the two smokes were very similar. In
future sheet development work, It is important to confirm
and account for the lower activity of sheet made by the
relatively simple Rapaport process.
The carbon monoxide content and the CO/CO2 ratio of the smoke,
indicators of the degree of combustion, were very similar for
the five samples, with Rapaport giving the highest CO level.
Nitric oxide deliveries reflected the nitrate content of the
sheets. The significance of relative deliveries of other
vapour phase components from the five samples was difficult
to assess. The Schweitzer sample gave highest yields per
puff of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acrolein, with the
AJ100 sample giving the least aldehydes. Regular PCL gave
the highest deliveries of HCN, H2S, isoprene and methyl
chloride.
The delivery ratio of dry particulate matter to nicotine was
high for all samples (between 29 and 45, with Rapaport giving
the highest), but the different cigarette weights, pressure
drops, and hence tobacco filtrations would affect the values.
The transfer of nicotine from the Rapaport sample was lower
than that from regular PCL or Schweitzer samples. The
Rapaport sample also gave an exceptionally low phenol delivery.
C=)
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

6
Samples of Matinee, Player's Filter and du Maurler cigarettes,
made from blends containing different levels of regular PCL,
Schweitzer and Rapaport sheets, were prepared for subjective
smoking tests. In making blends containing 50% sheet, the
normal blend for a brand was not diluted with the sheet; indeed
it replaced all the CRS and some of the low-tar yielding
strips, in attempts to provide an acceptable smoke. The
smoking tests, on samples containing about 50% of the sheets,
indicated that the blends containing Rapaport sheet gave the
least acceptable smoke. At the normal level of 7.72 in
Player's Filter and Matinee cigarettes, differences were
not apparent in the Player's series, with Schweitzer appearing
to be the most acceptable in the Matinee blend. The value of
results for the Schweitzer sample is reduced by its high
nitrate content.
Because of the nature of the substitution by the sheet
samples in the Matinee and Player's Filter blends, one can
expect marked differences in cigarette and smoke properties
between the cigarette samples containing 7.7% sheet and
those containing nearly 50% sheet; in fact observed differences at 50%
included reduced, pressure drop and puff number in nearly all
cases, and increased TPH yield, except for the samples
containing Schweitzer sheet. The nicotine yield was decreased
by the blend changes in the Player's Filter series.
The foregoing study will form in part a basis for future
sheet studies, In which the objectives will be to identify
those physical and/or chemical factors of sheet which control
the yield and specific biological activity of smoke tar, so
as to develop new products with reduced tar yields and
biological activity, while maintaining the satisfaction
of the smoke.
(MHB, ERF, RLR, MPS, MTS, RRS, TAS)
T 6953 Determination of Sulahur and Chlorin@ Compounds in Smoke
and Tobacco
Objective: To provide a reliable method of measurement
of the total sulphur content of smoke, since many of the
sulphur compounds have a profound influence an smoke
taste.
The versatility of the Wickbold Apparatus, used to achieve
the objective, has been described in I.T.P. Research
Laboratory Report Number 116, and at the Tobacco Chemist's
Research Conference in Montreal. In preparation for the
r-i
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

7
Conference paper, the distribution of sulphur and chlorine
between the particulate and vapour phases of =wke was
studied for Player's Mild flue-cured cigarettes. The
particulate matter was trapped an a Cambridge filter,
and the vapaur phase in a cooled glass spiral trap. The
deliveries and 2 distributions are shown below.
Smoke Found (UX/ciXt) 2 Distribution
Component Particulate Va ur Particulate Vapour
Phase Phase Phase Phase
Sulphur 105 72 59.3 40.7
Chlorine 89 132 40.3 59.7
The H2S content of the vapour phase of these cigarettes
was 35 US/cigarette. Thus this represents about 502 of
the total sulphur content of the vapour phase. About 2OZ
of the sulphur of the particulate phase Is estimated to be
H2S- All determinations are averages of at least four
determinations. The results for chlorine contrast sharply
with that found as methyl chloride in the vapour phase by
gas chromatography (T7175). The reason for the disagreement
will be identified (ERF) .
T 6961 Camver Test
Obiactive: To become familiar with this well-established
test, which has been used to distinguish between smoke
from different tobacco types, since it may be helpful In
studies of reconstituted tobacco.
An apparatus has been constructed, similar to that of
C. W. Ayers (R & DE Report No. R.D. 611-R). for measurement
of the time and amount of smoke required, under controlled
conditions, to block a Cambridge filter pad such that it
attains a given pressure drop. The results are believed
to relate to the viscosity of the condensate, which in
turn may be controlled by chemical or other physical
properties. Player's Mild flue-cured cigarettes, selected
at 1045 15 mg and 2.9 + 0.1 inches P.D.) blocked the
filter in 267 + 12 seconds during a trial involving 10
determinations, with 3 cigarettes per test. (M. P. S.)
T 7084 Smoke Condensate fraction Ratios as a Guide to the
Biological Activity and Taste of Smoke
Objectives: (1) To establish in this Laboratory the C@h
method for determination of the Lokstedt nitromethane
fraction of smoke condensate, considered by BAT Hamburg
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

8
to correlate with specific biological activity as
determined by the sebaceous gland test. (2) To
quantify specific fractions of smoke condensate (total
neutral*, total acids, total bases and subtractions)
according to the Stedman scheme, and to use the relative
amounts of these fractions to identify smokes with
different levels of taste.
(a) Lokstedt Nitrocethane fraction: the reproducibility
of the method was determined for individual samples of 50
cigarettes, and by bulking smoke condensate and taking
aliquots equivalent to 50 cigarettes for sample. The
nitrowthane fraction was isolated by the procedure
described in RAT Hamburg Progress Report April/June 1969.
Individual Smoking
Sample Condensate Nitromethane
it 9 2
1 1.4074 0.1069 7.6
2 1.4180 0.1065 7.5
3 1.3992 0.1078 7.7
4 1.4253 0.1030 7.2
5 1.4393 0.1037 7.2
6 1.4694 0.1200 9.2
1.4263 0.1080 7.57
C.V.2 1.61 5.22 4.49
Bulk Condensate Solution
Sample Condensate NitrometKane
9 x 2
1 1.4187 0.1056 7.4
2 1.3965 0.1081 7.7
3 1.4333 0.1104 7.7
4 1.3903 0.1125 8.1
1.4097 0.1092 7.7
C.V.2 1.22 2.35 3.22
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April '1999

9
The coefficient of variation for nitromethane fraction in
smoke condensate for individual smoking and bulk solution
was thus found to be 4.5 and 3. ZZ respectively.
(b) Stedman Fractionation: To avoid unreasonable variation
in the weight of the water soluble acidic and basic fractions
and to improve the reproducibility of results for other
fractions, a method of weighing by difference was Implemented.
For example. an ether solution of smoke condensate of known
weight was extracted with sodium hydroxide solution, the
ether fraction was reduced to dryness and the weight was
determined. The difference between the original weight
and the weight after extraction represented the weight of
the acidic fraction in the condensate. In a similar way
the weight of other fractions was obtained. The results
for smoke condensates from 100 standard flue-cured
cigarettes are shown below:
New Method Stedman Method
9 9
starting weight of condensate 2.8156 3.1886
Total weight of all fractions 2.7305 3.8491
The new method gave a better correlation between original
weight of smoke condensate and the total weight of fractions
after separation. (MIPS)
T 7175 Analysis of Smoke Vacour Phase by Gas Chroustograohy
Objective: To facilitate the combined analysis of some
important components of smoke vapour phase related to
irritation, and hence reduce the time and cost of such
determinations. If successful, this provides means of
studying the effects of additives an smoke vapour phase
by radioactive tracer techniques. Such additives could
be burn retardants, sucker control chemicals. etc.
(a) In the analysis, a constant vacuum. single port
smoking machine Is used, Instead of the BAT bellovs engine,
and the smoke vapour phase Ls collected in a plastic bag.
TPM and nicotine deliveries of standard cigarettes, as
smoked by the two machines, were compared using Cambridge
filters. In addition, tests were made to see whether use
of the plastic bag distorts the puff profile causing changes
in deliveries of particulate matter. The deliveries of TPM
and nicotine are shown below, with each result being the
average of 10 determinations, using 2 cigarettes per set. Xhl
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

10
TP.4 Nicotine Puff
Mt/clit Mthiat No.
Single Fort Machine
with plastic bag 36.1 1.75 9.3
without plastic bag 37.2 1.80 9.0
Bellows Machine 36.3 1.76 8.5
Statistical analysis showed no significant difference
between the use of the two smoking machines for TPH and
nicotine deliveries and the insertion of a plastic bag
did not influence the yields, although a difference in
puff numbers was observed. (M. P. S.)
(b) Further attempts have been made to improve the
chromatographic separation of smoke vapour phase components.
A 12' x 1/8" column with Chromosorb 102 (made as suggested
in R & DE Laboratory Report No. L 330-F) generally matched
the peak resolution obtained with the previously used
Poropak Q column, and gave improved resolution for the
low boiling smoke components. The new Chromosorb 102
column will be used in future studies. Machyl chloride
has been separated and identified in the chromatogram;
results of its quantitative determination presently conflict
with chlorine deliveries measured by the Wickbold technique
(T 6953), and the reason for the dilemma Is being sought.
(M?S).
T 7703 Effect of Tobacco Smoke and Smoke Comoonents on Mammalian
Call Fraction Enzymes
Obiective: To find a short-term bioassay for smoke based
on possible effects of tobacco smoke and its components on
parts of calls In which reside the enz7mes responsible for
energy production and drug metabolism. I.e. enzymes
controlling oxidations. The studies of smoke's redox
properties (T 6256) have stemmd from this project.
Inhibition of Cytochrome Oxidase
The Inhibition of cytochrone oxidase (terminal oxidase in
the mitochondrial electron transport system) Is being studied
to see if we can differentiate between tobacco smoke conden-
sates obtained by smoking flue-cured, yeast-treated flue-
cured and two air-cured tobaccos (cigar and Burley types).
Vapour phase and TPM's from all these types inhibit this
enzyme. (M.H.B.)
T 6256 Studies of the Redox Proverties of Smoke
Objective: To identify smoke with low biological activity
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

and to correlate redox properties with bioassays performed
elsewhere an animals.
Yeast Fermented Flue-Cured Tobacco
Since the redox activity of smoke from flue-cured tobacco
was found to be higher than that from air-cured types
(cigar and burley types), It was felt that the higher
level of sugars in the flue-cured tobaccos could explain
the larger amount of redox substances in the smoke. To
test this, most of the sugars in a sample of flue-cured
tobacco was remmed by yeast fermentation. Both the
untreated and yeast-treated flue-cured tobaccos were
then dried, powdered and smoked in cigarette tubes.
The TPM's obtained were examined both for DCIP-reducing
and ascorbate-oxidising activities and the results
obtained are presented in the following table. From
the results it will be seen that although there is a
distinct drop in the redox activities, it did not parallel
the removal of sugar, but the activities do approach those
obtained for air-cured tobaccos with respect to DCIP
reduction. It should be pointed out that the TPM values
from yeast-treated flue-cured tobaccos are distinctly
higher than those from the untreated flue-cured tobacco.
Similar results appear to have been obtained at Southampton,
(R 6 D.E. Report No. R.D. 309-R), when the higher tar
delivery was attributed to lower filtration (due to lower
pressure drop) in cigarettes made from yeast-treated
tobacco. At the present time it is difficult to account
for the higher tar values.
Wt. of TPM Sugar content DCIP reduction Ascorbate
Tobacco (mg) from Specific activity oxidation
5 cigarettes units per mg. TP4 UM oxygen
Reducing Total uptake per
min. per ag,
TP.4
Flue-cured 101.4 23.2 23.8 7.17 0.81
control
Yeast-treated 196.7 4.9 5.0 5.34 0.73
24 hours
Yeast-treated 179.1 3.4 3.9 4.64 0.68
96 hours I I I I I
Measurements have also been mAde of the reducing properties
of smoke from reconstituted tobaccos made by five processes
(T 6533). The specific activities of both DCIF reduction
and ascorbata oxidation were Lower for the smoke from all C=)
the sheet samples than for that from normal flue-cured rQ
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

12
cigarettes. with the Rapaport sample having the lowest
activities. (MM3)
T 7652 Effect of Smoke on Hemoslobin
Obiective: To develop a bicassay for smoke based on
penetration of erythrocytes and reduction of hemoglobin
by smoke.
Work has continued on the action of cigarette smoke (TPM)
on blood cells and hemoglobin (Hb). The work has been
car-.4.ed out mainly in two directions:
1. incubation of hemolysate (i.e. HB) with smoke solution.
2. incubation of whole red blood cells with smoke solution.
1. Known volumes of hemolysate (of about 0.03H Hb conc.)
were incubated at 370C with varying concentrations of smoke
solution (5 cigs. in 10 or 20 ml buffer) and the spectral
changes at wavelengths 540 and 580 mu noted. Increasing
concentrations of smoke caused a gradual diminution of the
580 mu peak with time. By measuring the differences between
absorption maxima at 540 and 590 mu (i.e. A 540-580) a
quantitative relationship could be established between smoke
concentration and reaction race.
Attempts have been made to find out the mechanism(s) of
action involved in the breakdown of Ub by aqueous smoke
solution. Hemolysate (of about 0.15 M HO was Incubated
with phenylhydrazine (0.001 N) 'and spectral changes at the
two absorption maxim again noted. The phenylhydrazine-
treated Hb reaction differed from that of the smoke-treated
Rb as evidenced by the difference in spectra of the end
points of both reactions. This would indicate that the
mechanism of action of smoke and phenylhydrazint may not
be the same. However, in both cases one reaction product
seems to be formed since the lines in the spectrum pass
through isobestic points. With sodium borohydride the
spectral changes differ markedly from those of smoke and
phenylhydrazine reaction (see diagram).
2. Attempts have been made to produce Heinz bodies by
incubating freshly washed red blood calls with smoke
solution. These attempts have been complicated by the
fact that washing the calls with isotonic saline SeeM3
somehow to increase the fragility of the cells. Alternative
methods are currently being sought to wash, stain and fix
the smoke-treated cells. U.J.)
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

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BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

T 6900 Determination of Sweeteners in Plastic Cigar Tips
Objective: 1. To support the Company's patents governing
the use of sweeteners in plastic cigar tips, which are
being challenged by the Simon Cigar Company. The support
is provided by Identifying and measuring the sweeteners,
and in finding their mode of application.
2. To apply the same analytical techniques to some problems
in the consistency of our ova supplies.
Tips from Portins (Simon) and Old Part tipped cigarillos
were exhaustively extracted in whole form with m*thanol,
to determine the amount of sweetener on their surface.
The tips were then pulversed, and reextracted exhaustively
to determine the amount of sweetener within the tips.
Large differences were found between the amounts of sugar
and sodium saccharin which the Simon Cigar Company claimed
to use (6.7 and 7.7 mg/tip respectively) and the amounts
found (0.3 and 1.2 mg/tip respectively). possibly due to
several factors: 1. an overestimation by Simon of the
additives left on the tips after coating, based on the
amount used by the process: 2. a process variation
caused by the nature of the dipping process; 3. analytical
error.
Two methods have been used for saccharin determination,
1. direct spectrophotometric measurement at 254 mg.
2. the calorimetric method of S. Di Pasquale et Al. (Annals
of the Faculty of Economics and Commerce, University of
Messina. 6. (3), 1%8).
Although neither are fully satisfactory, results obtained
are in reasonable agreement.
Although a coating technique is used for the Porting tips,
only about 74% of the saccharin is 'available' an the surface,
some having migrated into the plastic probably through the
solvent action of the cellulose gum used in applying the
coating. The saccharin in the Old Port tips is applied in
the mold, and of the 3.9Z found in the whole tips, only 0.17%
is 'available' on the surface (i.e. only 4% of the total
saccharin). Wide variations in the level of saccharin in
the Old Part tips were observed. The tests also showed that
the tips contained residues other Chan the added sweetener
e.g., possibly slip agents. antioxidants. (ERF)
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 12 April 1999

15
During the quarter, throe papers were presented at the
24th Tobacco Chemist's Research Conference In Montreal.
These were:
1. Filling capacity as a function of the bulking volume
and the capacity of the tobacco to resist compression,
by R. L. Rice.
2. Determination of sulphur and chlorine In tobacco and
tobacco smoke using the Wickbold apparatus, by E. R.
rreiesleben and T.A. Smith.
3. Effect of tobacco smoke condensate on reduction-
oxidation compounds with particular reference to
ascorbate oxidation, by M. H. Bi limoria and M.A. Nisbet.
Three papers have been published:
1. The calorimetric determination of glycerol in tobacco,
by M.A.-Nisbet and Mrs. S. Schmeller, in 'Tobacco',
October 9, 1970, page 29.
2. A weight loss technique for determining rate of static
burn, by R. L. Rice, also In 'Tobacco', December 11, 1970,
page 47.
3. A calorimetric method for the determination of nitric
oxide in cigarette smoke, by M.P. Scherbak and T. A. Smith,
in 'Anakyst', volume 95, page 964 (1970).
The following reports were issued:
R. L. Report No. 128: Differentiation of tobacco smoke condensates
on the basis of reducing properties. by M. R. Bilimoria and M.A.
Nisbet.
R. L. Reports No. 129 and 130; Summary reports of 24th Tobacco
Chemist's Research Conference, Section A. edited by T.A. Smith.
Jbb
CD
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