TH-' rzClr-%'ICA-ITIES OF S4OX:
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B.A.T INDusTRiEs P.LC. - M*##ESOTA DEPOSrTORY COPY - PRODUCED PURSUANT To VILD. OF
CoNsE mT JuDamENT DATED 51M IN STATE OF tANNESOTA, ET AL V. PMLP MORM ET AL CASE No. Cl-94-M5
THE TECKWICALITIES Of SMOKE
INTRODUC'ION
Cigarette smoke has been described as out of the world's most
complicated chemical systems. This is because the smoke is derived from
burning a natural substance - the tobacco - containing hundreds of chemical
constituents. On burning. the tobacco Is exposed to temperatures ranging
from ambient cc 950% It the presence of varying concentrations of o3rfSen;
resulting In thousands of chemical products being formed via several
distinct routes, The quantities of the chemical products formed are
dependent on thie nature of the tobaccos used as well as on a large variety
of cigarette 1:mrameters like paper permeability which affect the
combustion procegs.
This paper covers, very briefly, the four basic aspects of a
burning cigarette:
1. The combustion process.
2. The gameration of stick*.
3. Methods of measuring and reporting the most common components
of smoke.
4. The way son of these components are delivered.
1. THE COMBUSTION PROCESS
When a cigarette is smoked, two distt=t type* of burning rAke
place - puffing &rod smouldering between the puffs. In very general terms,
only about 30Z of the tobacco rod is consumed during pufftng: roughly a
further 55: is consumed during smouldering with the remainder being
discarded In the butt.
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S.A.IT INDUSTRIES P.LC. _ MINNESOTA DEjpOSffOpV Copy - PRODUCED PURWAPIT To VILD. OF
COME14T JUDGMENT DATED slam IN STATE OF ANNWsOTA.-ET AL V. PmXjP UMRW. ETA CASE NO. Cl-94-MS
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During the puff, air is drawn into the eLgerettt and the tentral
reSiot of the coal reaches a temperature of between $00 and SWC. The
coal has relatively h1Xh draw resistance to the air flow and consequently.
during a puff, the air tends to eater the cigarette at the base of the
coal, juat In front of the paper burn line where a temperature of over
900*C can occur. This It, the reason w1hy. duriaS a puff, It Is mainly the
periphery of the coal that advances.
There is a rapld fall In temperature 08 we move away from the
coal; within about 5m of the burn line. the temperature to down to
around 3DO*C and about 2G-25mm away from the burn line, the temperature
has fallen to 25%.
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B.A.T INOWITRIES P.LC. MINNESOTA DEpOWORy Copy - PRODUCED PURSUANT To VILD. OF
CONSEa JUDGWNT OATED 518M IN STA7T OF A&AWSOTA, ET AL v. PMLP AIMRM ET cAsE No. Cl-94-SM
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TEMPERATURES IN A 13URNING CIGARETTE
25mm
SMOKE
It 20-250C
@amb:@ temporal
8600C 3000C 250C
Since the psrocability of paper to air increases sharply at about 300*C,
there is a large Influx of air just behind the paper burn line and
therefore much of' the incomIal air during the puff by-passes the central
region of the ccal. This results in a smaller increase in the tespeTature
In the central region compared to the increase in the temperature at the
periphery.
When the puff ends, the periphery of the coal cools rapidly,
since It radiates host to the surroundings; Its main source of beat is
now the Inner core of the teal - a temperature of almost 600%. The
central relic* of the coal advances to re-establLsh a relatively flat
region at the back of the coal. with a relatively constant temperature
across the diameter of the cigarette. Thus. Immediately after a puff.
there is often a time delay of up to 15 seconds before the paper burn
live visibly moves.
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BAT INDUSTRIES P.LC. - MINNESOTA DEposFTORY Copy PRooucEo PuRSUANT To I VII.D. OF
CONSE@NT jUDGMENT DATED S/SM IN SrATE OF AgiNNESOTA, ET AL V. Pmtp "RM ET AL CASE No. CI-94-8565
With this general picture of the combustion process, we can now
Identify the main reaction zones In a cigarette.
REACTION ZONES IN A CIGARETTE
PYROLYSIS ZONE
COMBUSTION ZONE
?Irstly, there is a cosbustLon zone where the burning takes place,
resulting in the release of gases and vapoure. tabled the combustion
zone, "terial Is being released from the tobacco either by pyrolysis
(thersel decomposition) or by direct transfer (e.g. distillation -
nicotine, *win* acida). As the vapour is drawn through the tobacco rod.
It cools rapidly resulting In condensation Into aerosol particle$ wbirb
nake up the smoke. Some of these particle& are filtered by the tobacco
rod and hence in due course become available for re-pyrolyaLs and
combustion.
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B.A.T INDUSTRIES P.I-C. - MINNESOTA DEPOSITORY COPY PRODUCED PURSUANT To I V11-D' OF
CONS6W JUDGMENT C)ATED s/vu IN STATE OF AOMMSOTA, ET AL v. pHLjp "Fa,_U A4, CASE No. C14W-W5
FILTRATION AND
IN DUE COL:RSE
REPYROLYSIS ZONE
2.1 SMOXE - CLSERAL
In broad terms. when any material - whether It Is solid, liquid
or gas - Is burnt, a smoke Is produced. The temperature at combustion is
normally high enough for the combustion products to always be released
In vapour or gaseous form, I.e. Invisible. However, as soon as the
environmental temperature decreases, ease of the combustion products
condense into small droplets and some of these droplets stick together
giving a sixturet of gas/vapour and droplets /particles - The droplets will
normally become meal-opaque (cloudy) so that the overall resol., is a
greyish colour Car black when the original material contains a large
number of carbon &toes, e.g. smoke from burning all).
Thus, smoke conslefs of a large number of very small particles
a! liquid it a a Lxture of Sao and vapour. The distinction harvest gas and
vapour Is a floe one and for most practical purposes It Is best to assume
that a smoke aerosol has only two phases - particulate and gas/vapour.
broadly speaking, therefore, we have three states In which chemicals exist
In smoke:
1. Those wholly in the particles.
2. Those wholly In the gas.
3. Those 1% both phases.
As the environmental temperature decreases, more and more substances
condense out, ut%tLI a degree of relative stability is reached at ambient
or 'room' temperature. At this stage, we see the familiar smoke where
condensation from the gas phase is effectively complete and temperature
stability exists. However, certain chemical reactions continue to occur,
:06aller particles continue to coagulate to form larger particles and
here Is an Interchange of molecules between the particles and the Sao
phase In which they are dispersed.
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B.A. IT INDUSTRIES P.LC. - MINNESOTA DEPOSITORY COPY - PRODUcEo PURSUANT To I VII.D. OF
CONUNT jUDGMENT DATED SAM IN STATE OF A&#MSQTA, ET AL V. PMLjP AJORRIS, ETA CA3EMO.C1-94-M5
6
2.2 CIGARnTS SMOKE
Smoke from cigarettes may be split up Into two broad categories:
mainstream sooke snd sidestream smoke.
MA.Itstrean smoke Is generated during puffing when the air is
drawn Into the cLgarette through the coal. In the interval between
puffs, a natural convection flow of air around the coal in an upward
direction sustains the smoulder and forms the sidestream sooke. Thus.
the saLostreAs and the sidestream, smoke have been generated under quite
different conditions and have characteristics as abosm below:
"nag W&TANCt
SIDFSTREAM SMOKE *,ATM, $u r STABILITY
Re, 61
FILTRATION
ON lroskcco
MAINSTREAM
SAME
WTIM-PARTICLA
Is""
1,0W man ITAORM
LAAWN
96%,.k
EXHALED SMOKE 011APIPAraft
01764-VARYMM SYSTEM
QUATM a= ST&SPUT 10% "CIANG
ILAW P.ft"CL9
Because of these differing charac te ria ties, the reflection of ILSht fro*
these Is different and. hence. the malastreas smoke appears grey/whLte
whereas the sidestress soak* appears grey/blue. The mainstream smoke is
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Inhaled by the smoker and goes into the respiratory system. Here the C>
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MMESOTA DEPOSITORY Copy - IRROIDUCED PURSUANT To InI.D. OF
B.A-T INDUSTRIES P-LC- STA TE OWWF so Er AL V. PHILP Re ET AL- CASE No. C1 -944MS
CONSENT JuDomENT DATED SIM IN STATE OF
humidity Is very high and some of the smoke in retained and the remainder
exhaled.
Since It Is the mainstream deliveries that are soot commonly
reported and uv ilLsed In product development work, we shall concentrate an
the mainstream smoke In this paper. Bowever, sidescresm smoke Is becoming
an issue amongst anti-sookLat lobbies It ttrae of room pollution, asell
etc.
To recap, mainstream smoke, containing thousands of compounds,
may be divided Into a part.1culate phase and a gst/vapour phase. One
cubic centimetre of smoke can contain anywhere between ten million (107)
and one billion (109) particle* ranging in size from 0-1-1121.CTOU (1
micron - 1/106 isetre or I millionth of a metre) and esc@ particle say
have up to 10,000 substances in it.
If we want to separate the particulate phase from tbe gam/wapour
phase, we require a filte: which is IOOZ' efficient Lt trappLut the
particles contained in the snake. The CAMBRIDGE filter pod, consisting
of glass fibres consalldstood by a resin. is juse such a filter. Therefore,
if the mainstream smoke (or -say other smoke for that matter) seats a
CAMBRIDGE filter pad, the TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER or TPW will he collected
on the filter pad, and only the gastvapour ph&&* of the smoke will pass
tbrough It.
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CED PuRsumrr To VILD. OF
BAT JWxWTR1E5 P.LC. MMOMA DEPIOWORY COPY P"OOU No. Cl-94-MS
CONSEmT JuoowNT DATFO 5"1 %4 STATE OF AONNES0 ET AL V. pNLp AkR",ET 46 CASE
C A M B R I D G E
S M 0 K E FILTER
. 0 4, 0
7%'
AEROSOL VAPGUR or
GAS
One thousand million particles (10') per cc.
Particle size: 0.1 - 1.0 microns li@Lmetre)
Each particle may have-10,000 substances
V.N simply represents the total weight of all the particles collected
from a cigarette when it is smoked an a machine under a given condition.
Physically, TP`K appears &a a brown stain on the CXMZRID" filter pad and
It Includes both water and nicotine.
There are various other ways in which the deliveries of the
particulate matter are quoted:
D P.4 This Is an abbreviation of DRY PARTICUEATZ KATT21 and Is
calculated by subtracting the weight of water in the
condensate fzom TP4.
PSW7.7 This stands for PARTICULATE MATTER, WATER and NICOTINE FREE
and Is again calculated by subtracting from TPH the weight
of nicotine and water In the condensate.
TAR Tar his had widespread use in the context of cigarette smoke
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although it Is really a u1snomer. for example. in certain -%j
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B.A.T INDUSTRIES P.LC. - MWESCITA DEPOSITORY COPY PRODUCED PURSUANT To I V11- 1) - of
CONSENT JUDGMENT 13ATED 5/"S IN STATE OF A*NWSOTA, Er AL V.PwgpAfORNAETA CASEN11cl-94-WAS
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c1rcuestances, the word has been used by Independent bodies
and Government publications to mean:
T PIM
TPX odaus nicotine
TP%( minus cLcotine minus water.
Most cigarette snake '!Igures' published today are of the v.InW
type. There are two advantages In expressing delivery In this way:
1. water content in smoke can be very variable, thus affecting TPM
figures, resulting in a wide range of results over a series of
tests. By subtracting the water, a such lower range is
achLeved.
2. Published figures In league tables are seen to be low or lower.
The portion of the smoke that has gone through the CAMBRIDGE
filter pad Is the Sao/vapour phase and It contains carbon monoxide, citric
oxide, etc. Carbon monoxide is a natural by-product present In the
human body whether ace smokes or not and It can be absorbed from the
enviramsent, e.g. from car exhaust fumes. It Is toxic in large amounts
because it affect* the ox7Sen-carrylag capacity of the blood. Nitric
oxide has beet implicated by @*at people La the development of chrcmLe
obstructive pulmonary disease sod emphysema In sookere. Because of
this, removal or reduction of CO and NO is a serious problem facing
cigarette manufacturers. Method& of reducing these components will be
discussed brieIrly later.
However, there are lots of compounds which occur In both the
particulate phase and the vapour phase, a.&. acetaldthyde, acroleLa,
hydrogen cyanide. etc. The first two have b*ec associated with Irritation
sod HCN is a highly poisonous gas.
One point you have to be aware of is that different units are r1Q
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used In reportiag deliveries of the various components: INJ
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B.A.T INDUSTRIES P.LC- - MINNESOTA DEpOSffORy Copy - PRODUCED PURSUANT To I VII.D. OF
comseNT JuDr.#AEpff DATED 5/11ft IN STATE OF INIMINEIRTA, ET AL v- PULP MORE" ET CASE No. CI-944MS
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QUOTED UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
TAR
DPM
PMWNF
mg gram
TPM DOD
NICOTINE
co
NO etc. Aig 1,00C,00 gram
VAPOUR PHASE
To put the compositloc of smoke Into context:
WHOLE SMOKE COMPOSMON
shown are on a !j!j@t/wt!jht basis)
13 *1
14.0% ,\
Tom
ox on"
VAPOW
PKAW
COMPOUND
5
10%
Co.
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B.A.T ImuSTRIES P.LC. - MINNESOTA DEPOWORY COPY PRODUCED PURSUANT To VILD. OF
CONSEW jUDGMENT DATED Son IN STATE OF &*MwsorA, LcT AL v. P#" MORM Er CASE No. Cl-94-SUS
Sefore moviog cc to discussing the methods of measuring smoke
deliveries, let us summarlse what has been covtred so for. In the
cigarette, the smoke is generated by burning tobacco which. like say
other natural substance, contains hundreds of compounds. When any
single substance Is burnt, It gives rise to several other substances:
thus cigarette smoke contains thousands of chemicals. It has been
estimated that cigarette smoke contains In the region of 10,000
compounds, oome of which are present In such minute amounts as to be
just detectsb!@.e but at present immeasurable. At least 3,6DO of these
compounds havo been Identified. Somue compounds present in the tobacco
g!vt rise to acids, (e.S. sugar), others to bases, (e.S. protein).
However, nicotine is transferred virtually unchanged Into the smoke. As
a rough guide, a maximum of 13-14.* of the nicotine It the blend is
trans!erred Into the smoke. This means the higher the nicotine In the
blend, the higher will be the nicotine In the smoke. Tobaccos froc,
higher plant positions have higher nicotine, and high plant position
tobaccos tend to have more flavour as well. Thus, we have high nicotine
blends being associated with high flavour character.
The sacks, containing thousands of substances, Is mad* up of
millions of patticles dispersed in gas/vapour. The particulate phase of
the smoke can be separated from the Zas/vspour pbose by passing It through
the CAMERIDGE filter pad. The particulate phase is collected on the
filter pad and It Includes nicotine and water. By subtracting the weight
of nicotine and water In the condensate from the weight of the Total
Particulate Matter collected, we arrive at Ph1W, which Is normally the
figure used In most publications.
3. KWMVMM OF SMOKE DELIMIES - MAINSTREAM r1j
(Part of a film Illustrating the detemination of deliveries using a CD
FILTRONA 300 smoking machine will be shown during the Seminar.)
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B.A.T WDUSTRIES P.L.C. - MINNESOTA DEpOSITORy Copy - PR=CED PuRsuANT To I V11-0. OF
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coNsehrr JuDGmEpir DATED SAM IN STATE OF UIAWSOTAI, ET ALL v. PNLP UQRJW CASE NO. Cl-94-MS
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The scj@usl amount of smoke generated from a cigarette depends
on a large number of factors:
a) the conditions under ljhlch the cigarettes are smoked - altitude,
teoperirure, relacLve humidity, draught;
b) the condition of the eLprettes when they are smoked - moLsture
content
c) the way the cigarettes art sucked - puff volume, puff duration,
puff frequency, puff number, butt length.
Therefore, it *Tdtr to tompart deliveries *Cross brands, it is important
that these deliveits aye obtained under some sort of agreed standard
conditions. Such standard conditions bave been defined for,
1) conditioning the cigarettes prior to smoking (humidity, teoperature,
time),
il) conditions in the laboratory during smoking (humidity, draught),
and mos: importan:;y,
11!) smoking regime to be followed.
The most common sisokIng regime is:
Puff volume 35ce
Puff- duration 2 sec.
Puff frequency I/mia Ciater-puff period - 58sec).
The final parameter, to be defined is the butt length for which there are
a multiplicity of scandards.
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B.A.T INDUSTRIES P.LC. - MINNESOTA DEposrroRy Copy PRoDucEo PURSUANT To I VII.D. OF
COHsEj-(r iuow&mT DATED 5WH IN SrATE OF ftwesom ET AL Y. PH&P NORRIS. ET AL. CASE NO. CI-94-Ms
BUTT LENGTH (MM)
STANDARD
PLAIN
CIGARETTES
FILTER
CIGARETTES
I.S.O.
23
Max (F+S,OT+3)
Minimum 23mm
CORESTA
23
F+$ or OT+3
Minimum 23mm
UK (ONSS/LGC)
C;Iq Length 15 75mm
20
Max (20.OT+3)
C ig Length .17 Srnm
20
Max (20,OT+S)
USA (FTC)
23
Max (23,OT+3)
CANADA/JAPAN/
AUSTRALIA/
30
Max (30,OT+3)
NEW ZEALAND I
I
-i
F - FILTER LENGTH (mrn)
OT : OVERTIPPING LENGTH (mm)
Thus , for example, for a king size cigarette with rod length
of 64m. fLltqtr length of 2Dma and tipping length of 24mm, the CORMSTA
standard would result in a butt length of 28mm (filter 4 8sm)o I.e. 36W
of the tobacce rod being smoked. The UK Goverment Chemist's standard,
on the other hand, would result in a butt length of 29mm (tipping +
5m), I.e. 33mm of the tobacco rod being smaked, and hence this will
give a slightly lower delivery. Deliveries can be reduced simply by
Increasing the tipping length which revults in a decrease In the length
of tobacco rW being burnt during smoking. This has often beat done
commercially and a notable example Is 12RIT which uses whIte-edged cork
tipping to maLotain the apparent balance between the tobacco rod and the
filter.
It should be remembered that machine smoking is largely r*j
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artificial but Tt Is a reasonable way for comparison of deliveries across N)
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B.A.T INMISTRIES P-I-C- - MINNESOTA DEpOSrrORy Copy - PRIDoucED PURWANT TO I VII.D. OF
CoNSEmT JUDGMENT DATED 54WIN SrATEOFMAIRIESOTA ETAL- v. PHLJP"R5, ETA CAmNo.Cl-94-IMS
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brands. However, we cat be seriously misled by assuming that the mathine
deliveries are those obtained by the smoker. The human smoker Is a very
variable, whimsical machine who most probably smokes different clSarettes
in different ways, even varying his puffing process down the cigarettes
In order to satisfy his/her requirements-
4. ?VFF-BY-PUFF DELIVERIES
From Oka pro-duct point of view, It is not only the total amount
that Is delivered which Is Important but also how it is delivered an a
puff-by-puff basix.
We notice that subsequent puffs deliver greater amounts of TPK. There
are three reasons for this;
a) Filtration by the tobacco rod durl*S the earlier puffs means
that there Is sore material available for re-pyrolysis In
later puffs.
B.&T INDUSTRIES P.I-C. - MINNESOTA DEpOSITORy Copy - PRODUCED PURSUANT To I VILD. OF
CONSENT JUDGMENT DATED 54411 IN STATE OF A*NW80TA, ET AL v. PH&V UORRIII. ET AL, CASE No. CI-94-MS
b) As the cigarette Is consumed, there is a shorter tobacco
column available for filtration.
c) As the cigarette Is consumed, there is less diluting air cotaLog
through the cigarette paper and therefore more air Is coming
through the coal thus generating more smoke for a fixed puff
volume.
FIGM follows the mass trend an TTM and to does nicotine
NIcotLne is considered to be the *actlve' or 'Physiologically
active' Ingredient of tobacco. When a cigarette is smoked, nicotine is
released as a combustion product and also as a result of a form of
distillation p.,ccess caused by the hot@ moist smoke passing through the
cut tobacco. So If, during smoking, the smoke/air movement through the
tobacco rod Is restricted, as In a conventional smoking sachine (viz. the
butt end of ,he cigarette resales closed to the atmosphere In between
puffs), this will reduce the tendency for the nicotine to d1stil back.
However, If the but-, of the cigarette Is exposed to air between puffs.
it. a free-sookIng condition, as vould occur in the case of human soaking,
thee the nicotLce vill tend to distil back. Thle results It a greater
amount of nicotine being avaLlable for re-pyrolysis; this *taw that a
hLgher delivery, of nicotine vill be obtained under free-smokIng
cooditLoas that., under restricted soaking conditions.
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B.A.T INDUSTRIES P.LC. - MINNESOTA DEPOSITORY COPY - PROMMED PURSUANT To I VILD. OF
CONSENT JUDGMENT OATED WN IN STATE OF MWOESOTA, ET AL V. PM1LJP MORRIS. ET CASE No. Cl-94 An s
NICOTINE DELIVERY PROFILES FOR
FLUE-CURED CIGARETTES
NC0bh* JIT-;)
0.61
Ncotme
Resirciet:
cono'l'ofws
0,4
0.3
0.2
O'l
In the presence of t1p ventilation or higher permeability paper, we are
approaching a free-suokiag condition and therefore we get a lover
tar:uLtotine ratio.
Nlcotlne, which is an alkaline substance. exists in two form -
the bound or salt form and the free-form. Sowever. only in the free-
form is It relatively volatile. In. tobacco, it is present mainly In the
salt form. Vheo a cigarette is smoked. nicotine is released somontarily
In the fr*e-form. In this form, nicotine Is more readily absorbed through
the body tissue. Hence It to the free alcotive which Is associated with
IMPACT, I.e. the higher the fret nicotine, the higher the IMPACT.
If there sit acids present, tbta these will react with the free
nicotine to form salts and, In this form, nicotine is not very easily
absorbed. This utans that the greater the amount of acids prestutv the
lower will be the amount of fret nicotine which Is finally delivered and
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the lover will be the WACT.
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B.A.IT IMMSTRIES P.LC. - L%NNESOTA DEPOSITORY COPY - PRMCED PURSUANT TO VILD- OF
CONSENT JUDGMENT DATED SIVNI IN STATE OF A#MNESOTAr ET AL K PMX'P MOROM Er AL_ CASE NO. CI-94-MS
0
1 2 3 A 5 6 7 6 S 10 11
P'Al numoof
The acidity or alkalinity of a material is defined by Its 'pE'
value. The pH of pure water If 7.0. If the pH of a solution Is less
than 7, the si)lu-.Ion is said to be acidic, I.e. a pF of 1 would Indicate
a strong scId. If the pE of the solution Is greater than 7, the
solution Is said to alkaline. It should be noted that the scale for pH
is logarl:hzit: & solution with a pH of 5 Is ten times more acidic than
another with o pH of 6.
Wher sugars burn, they give rise to acids. Therefore, the
higher the sugar content of the tobacco, the sore acidic the smoke will
be.
% SUGAR IN LEAF SMOKE pH
20+
4.5
15
5.0
10
5.0-5.5
5
5.5+
0
6.0-7.0
Air-cured tobaccos and tbarefore blended cigarettes have lower sugars
than flue-cured tobaccos. Thus the smoke from blended cigarettes is less
acidic. This. In cum. means that there will be a greater proportion of
free nicotine present In the smoke from a blended cigarette, which explains
why these types of cigarettes tend to have higher impact than a flue-
cured cigarette with the same nicotine delivery.
Nnaily, It must be pointed out that, along with nicotine, NJ
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B.A.T INDusrRiEs P.LC. - MMESOTA DEPOSMORY COPY - PRODUCED PURSUANT To I VILD. OF
Comm JummENT DATEiD 64M INATATE OF MWESOTA, ET AL V. PH&V UgRgIS, ET CAsE No. C1.944w6d;
other compounds of the nicotine alkaloid family. The routine laboratory
method of analysis Is not sensitive enough to distinguish between
these Individual components. -herefore, what Is measured by the
laboratories wlt@iln and outside 'he tobacco Industry Is TOTAL .1;lCOTLNE
ALKALOIDS (TM ) and for simplicity this Is quoted as 'nicotine
ArItfly turning to the other components In smoke, typical
deliveries of the more coussomly measured vapour phase components are:
TYPICAL VAPOUR PHASE DEUVERIES
FOR FULL FLAVOUR CIGARETTES
TAR : 15 - 20 nV/cig. )
FLUE-CURED U@S- BLEND
Co
(mot
10-20
No
(0g)
40-90 130-300
NCN
(09)
180-300
ACROLLEIN
too)
60-80
ACETALDENYDE
(jug)
600-800
AMMONIA
(09)
20-30
Notice firstly that the CO delivery is In a& per cigarette. the rest In
p& per cigarette. Secondly, note that for east components, we have a
similar range of deliveries from flu*-tured and US blended products.
The one exception to the nitric oxide (NO) delivery. This Is because
the nitric oxide delivery Is directly related to the nitrate content of
the tobacco and typically aft-cured tobaccos have a high nitrate content
compared with fla* cured tobaccos. NJ
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B.A.T INDUSTRIES P.L.C. - MINNESOTA DEPOSITOR V pF&Ip "RX, ET AL- CASE NO. CI-94-MS
CONSF,MT jUDGMENT DATED S81119114 STATE OF SO ETAL
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Nitric Oxide Delivery -v- Blend
Nitrate
30D
No delivery
(P,;/Cig)
200
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Blend Nitrate (%)
Emphasis has been placed In this talk on mainstream smoke deliveries, for
comparison the deliveries of 91destream smoke components are as follows:
SMOKE DELIVERIES: MAINSTREAM v SIDESTREAM
MAINSTREAM SIDESTREAM
PARTICULATE PHASE
TAR (mg) 20 35
NICOTINE (mo) 1.5 4.0
VAPOUR PHASE
CO Ong) 15 55
AMMONIA (Pq) 25 2800
DMN (,Ug) 0.005 0.25
CY%
00
B.A.T INDUSTRIES P.L-C. - MINNESOTA DEPOSITORY COpv PROoucED PuRSUANr To I VII.D. OF
CONSENTjUDGMENT DATED 5/&,981" grATEOFAtwascrA, ETAL v. PNLIPMORga. ETA CASE NO. Cl-94-SWS