;LES 7 RC-. E El
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STATUS NOTE
Work Area: 04 Cigarette Desiq@:
Author: T. Hirji
Period Covered: January - lure, 1992
OBJECTt';E:
To optimise the exuloitation throughout the Group of new Cigarettt: Des.,gn
Concepts and raw materials.
PPOGRESS:
There are three broad areas o! current study.
1,2. The development, evaluation and application of techniques which are
more effective for the z--ia of tobacco and smoke:
3. To identify the optimurt use of expanded tobacco in Virginia and US
blended products;
4. To understand the characteristics of acceptable ultra-ltw deli-.-ary
cigarettes.
1. Grade Matching
Over the past six months, the Oil/Water Partition (0/1,7) data collected by
I IT L. (Canada) for their 1779 croo have been validated on the Cyber. From
this data, Ontario grade 1--2 (medium mature unblemished cutter) has been
matched using other Ontario grades. The mode 1 used to derive the match
depends upon the fact that grades which are acknowledged to have different
smoking qualities by the blender have different O/WP profiles. Thus, the
grade matching model combines the expertise of the blender with the expertise
of the chemist and this has been possible larcely due to the co-operation and
support from Mr. Andy Schaeffer, the imperial blender.
Cigarettes based on the ccmputer solutions have been manufactured and are
currently being tested in Canada. The samples have also been assessed by the
GRGDC DELTA panel and the results are encouraging.
2. Tobacco and Smoke Ch by Foc=-'er Transform Infra- Red (F-.--R)
Spectroscopy
Considerable effort has been spent on%
(I) Perfecting the diffuse reflectance technique (sample preparation
and minimising within sample variance);
(ii) Setting up photo-acoustic spectroscopy facility, which is &I-to
available In the FTIR instrument;
(III) Establishing the use of FTIR as a detector to characterise the
fracticn from a gas chroviatographic examination of sm:Ae extracts,
e.g. 0,'is? solution.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19 April 1999

The work on sinoke fracticn-c is in the early 3tages, but _'t has been shown that
the instrument can charar,:r!:71se tobaccos very quickly and very accurately. The
instrument provides a ccn--inuous scan over the wave nunber rangn to
4000c,n- which :means tha- a lot a' detailed data is generated. Ccnsequently
the M-Ft has been linked @: the Cvber computer so that t-e informa-:ion can be
available qu--'ck-,., and in a convenient form for further analysis.
MI111 has also been used @:: analyse liquid samples (for Flavour Group) and for
surface studies related tz filter tows and carbons.
3. Expanded Tc'--acco
The study of the effects cz DIET expansion on a US blended product (POET 11)
is now completel- and the report is in preparation. As expected, there were
los of huriectints and =a;ings during expansion - 10 to 20% loss of tracer
co for casing materials and 5 to 201 losses of humectants have been
observed. The wide rance found in the case of humectants will necessitate
further analysis.
Detailed chemica' and su@:ective assessments of cigarettes Containing 33% of
different portlic:,.s of the @:ilend in the expanded form have been carried out.
food mul.tivariate ma=r3.ng ted-nicues are being applied to obtain qualitative/
quantitative des::ipt.;cn =_ the chemical changes and attempts are being
trade to link these with t"t subjective assessment.
The delivery reactions :--=-% POET 11 samples are much -in line with expect-a-
tinns. However, the wor- --arried out and reported in Project RUGBY (an HPOC
project done jo'nt17 wit-- ?roduct Development Services -@ PDS) suggests that,
in the case of '00% exceed tobacco cigarettes, the deliveries may reduce
with increasing density. --he reason for this is not clear at present but, if
this is a real effect, then it may be possible to exploit it -,n cigarette
design. The same project also shows that, with Increasing levels; of expanded
tobacco, it will . become :more and more difficult to make cigarettes which
match the current cigare--zes in &I- physical properties. Some compromise
will therefore ',ave to be reached and it is now becoming essential that we
know what physi-zal properties are considered to be most important by the
consumers.
Practical blending stra!:s=ies applicable to ultra-low delivery Virginia
products have a'-so been In7estigated and reported. The experimental products
(containing 401 expanded tobacco) with deliveries of 1-2mg were found to
have smoking prnzerties equivalent to the 4-5mg commercial produce used in
the test.
4. Smoking Dynanics
too,"',
tt has been re:ognisod f=r some time now that low delivery Products of
equivalent machine deliver:.e3 can produce very different human sensations,
particularly dur,_nq puffinz. These sensations are used by consumers to
discriminate between the _.-w delivery products.
Considerable effort has feet and is being spent in identifying what serrations
are involved and how to 7!@aximise these desirable sensations from. cigarettes
delivering 5mg -:r less tz the human smoker. Various concepts have been
developed and presented tz groups within and outside GR&DC with encouraging
response.
Currently, an eyrloratory -.roject (with POS) for developing models for ranking
cigarettes in s7n-2'kinq sen-sation ter.'s using laboratory data is in progress. Zz.
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3
The concept cf "reward for effort' forms the basis of the present investiga-
ticns -.@_ic'-
(i) determination of deliveries (reward), faces, pressure
drcLs, etc., @effort) under non-standard conditions and (ii) subjective
as3ess77ent of =airs of cigarettes whilat recording the smaking behaviour of
the s.:-,ects. We believe this is the first time that such a tec-nique has
been zzed within the Group.
FL7@'=_7 WORK:
rcr =r3ctic3l applications, 4t is essential that the grade matching model
per:c:-7s ccis@stently and that the data required can be collected easily on a
rcutln.2 bas:.s. To satisfy the former criteria, a series of matches based on
in--reasinc-v :aetrictad sets of candidate grades have been planned wlth I.T.L.
To sat_-sf-Y t'-e second criteria, two different approaches are under inves=iga-
t@.@n- 7irstly, the development of a crop year model such that only a few
cr.ldes need be analysed each year - this will be of general interest to
ranv :=erat_nc Companies who rely on domestic tobaccos. Secondly, :.dentifi-
cac.cr. and eva-uation of alternative techniques which are more practical and
cement f@r analysing a large number of samples in a short ti.-.e - e.g.
F-:F, X-Ray near Infra-Rad scan.
.k d-re:t c@:--a."son will be made between the capabilities o@ the various
scann_ng tec'-.-.@.ques us .ng Canadian flue-cured, US Burley, Turkish Oriental
a-d US flue-c-.;red tobaccos. All except the US flue-cured tc'--acccz are on
S. e
it a.! data collection using FTIR and X-Ray flourescence has ccrinenced. on
recel=t of the -TS flue-cured tobaccos near the end of the year, a full battery
4n
O! ana-sis, i cluding O/WP and neutral volatile flavour scan, will be applied
sc@ t@m: chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques may be compared. Some
ccr.51=eratlan wIll also be-given to the potential application of a pyroprobe-
G- (f:zsh pyrolysing a small amount of tobacco in controlled at-nosviiere and
a;alysinq the pyrolysis products by GC) and laser spectroscopy.
At t,-,e 7echnical Exchange meeting, great interest was shown in the use of
M-.;'t!7&riate mapping techniques for describing normal tobaccos and specially
prcce3sed tobezcos (e.g. with non-standard conditions, expansion, denitration,
et--.'. It is planned to develop suitable models in the next period.
N'c=,::,e work or. expanded tobacco has been planned within this work area.
The sr,@;cina d'-nalftics projects mentioned above represents an empirical approach
an! a --!.uch more fundamental approach for understanding the science behind the
sensations is teing planned as a major GR6DC activity involving various
svec@&!_@st :;:c-zcs for the coming year.
Bes;.-'es smo'king dynamics, work on self-extinguishing cigarettes has been
ident;.!-ed as an area of continued interest. In the last six months, this
sub4ec- has en discussed with Public Affairs (Waking, Millbank, Brazil,
Mexlcc', personnel from B&W and Courtaulds (UK). In collaboration with the
Com'--ustion Grc--,;, plans for the next phase are under discussion and experi-
mental work s@-=-41d start as soon as these have been finalized.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 19 April 1999