VIF@IT Or DAItYLS, NID .1012"
Dr. Darkis, Vice-president and Director of Research
of Liggett and layers Tobacco Co., and Dr. Wolf t botanist,
late of Duke University, arrived in this country for
the first time on-February 10th, and departed for Rhodesia
on February 16th, to attend both the Coresta Con,,Iress
a& the Tobacco Growers Conference.
Durina this ti:ae they visited I. T. Co. Research
Dept. at Bristol. on the ilonday and Tuesday February 11th
I
and 12th, R & D -1 at Foton on February l3th, -iillbanlk
-e on the l5th.
and T. R. t . on 14th larroga'..
Dr Darkis is aged 63, dark, and h;;s a slow, rather
ponderous way of sneaking. He was o-viously interesteO
in research into ci.-arette sloke anC additives, but talke(
most fre ly about health matters.
Dr. Wolf is 77' :short, water Irey hair, and ve-:@y
talkative. He is extref%iel,,- active ai(' Coa.,; not look his
a,@,c He is still publirhizv- papers, .-ontly about tile
-enetics of to)acco -31w-its, and t'iou-h ritired fro@a
UnIvers'ity, is still. allowed to ..7ork the_--:. Olie snir,
he was at the la-horatories each :iur-iin,7 -.it 7 ai.)
I %jet the-a at Southainton :-totion ak; P -.ve Vie;.i
dinner and rie;zt training tool-, tlaa!i to 'I 1'@: the
time before lunch was occupied in dIs(--,ssion anC h- a
brief tour of selected Darts of the labora%tory 10.cck,
including the -reenhou3e, lectur-, rocum, 1--;brnr,..,,
chromatography laboratories, smok.Lnr nac'-Aries, fil-te--
ef f ici-- ncy machine, aneaytical torie @'Z 1.
spectrographs, "ia-.--s s-ectroiaeter, Ii."..At scatt-2---in-, .1. '.!t.
machine, and flyinc snot scanner,. This app-ipi-ed to
imnress Darkis, who said that he did not n.-s-ess .k .as3
spectrometer, and had n,-@t seen the '@ofirn Li-I't Scolterin.,
machine, 11ank-Ciatell flying spot ::canner nor a @3rubb- N.)
Co
N.)
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 21 April 1999

2
Parsons I.11. spectror-raph. Ilor die he h-i-.e an
machine. After lunch we has a very brief look at the
near endl of the develo@ment halls, evei-ithing beinn,
coverer? UP that was imnortant, an(! the rent arranq#_-el to
look LaDressive, but han that Nie
had plenty of conventional cigarette macb.inery ane., an we
Lapressed on Darkis, t'iat we f(,une ilk-, essential to !aeasure
the effect of any change by the Difference it maee to
cigarettes -roeuceC,. carefully on well-run cir;arette
machines. '-.'e also siowed hi t. Lolills which lie Clio.
not apparently know. Finally they Caere taken to the
station to c-tch the 3.15 P-1- to London.
The next mor--.in7, Thurseacy, Er. Larlris alone ca:ae
to I'Lillbanl- at 11-30 a:,'- (Dr. 'Jolf, w'io ha(I been
experiencing a cert.,An am,lount of !ast-ric Oisco:,ufort,
during their trip, r'esteO at their 'Hotel). Ile hac' a
Viscussion with F@ ir Charles and myself, lainly ()va:, he.-Ith.
matters, and spent a few minutes with ir. Brttton, af 'er
which Sir Charles escorted hi - to 2.-C., -,,f-10 -vmre ..-ivi!17,
him lunch nnd. later tnI-ing him-tZ
The connection between Dr. Wolf zind. 'L:r. Larkis is of
very long standing and, springs from the fact that t"tey
were colleagues at Lure University. At one ti;Le,
Dr. Wolf op7rate(' with a direct Grant fron L& .'.. it
appeared to me that 1-r. Darki- was paying, Dr. 'Jolf's
expenses on this present trip.
Dr. Darkis was ve.--r willing to telk about healt'-1
matters, and this was most inter-sting, firntly because
L & :1 ha- e never su-nortaC T.I_i.C. and seconr1ly because
they have been concerneO with -.,,iore court cases thin an,-,
other cigarette mawafacturer. C=)
L and
Darkis said him company eislike,' the cifferenec, co
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 21 April 1999

3
between the allowed intentions of T. I.A. C., and tiieir
position after a few years. He instance T.I.R.C.'s
announcement that t.,--y wo-@@lcl employ an e-ainent to
lead their 4_44@5-ussnn,.,tj and could not accept that either
Dr. Little or Dr. Rockett were really .;-len of eminence.
He also claimed knowleCre of cases where Vic nublication
of results had be@n 'Lip partly or co :-)Ietely because
they were disturbing to the cause. But chi,@fly he
comulained of the lac'-. of 1'i.racti@@n of research. I n
taese circ,,,.Listances his co--.ija.T,, hae. deciC.ed to eo their
own biological research, and had, spent, four iLlli,@n
e-Ollars in the last few years, a sum iiaich he contrasted
with the six and a half -.11lion dollars rpent by T.I..;',.C.
since 1956.
L & -i's biological i@or!:.
They have do= extensive -,.,ork on ani-nal skin paintinrl-,
on cilia froja fro-Is mouths, an-" in nallcin!7 ani!;ials s-.1oke.
(mice, rats, rabbits). Since they have their own
pathologists and since we have heare little about this
till now, it wo-ild @eem that they, uiust, have carried o,,-.t
all this animal wo::%, in their o-,m laboratories.
Dr. barkis appearec! to have core to these concl sio.=:-
1. Impossible to give an vii-nal lung cancer by
expostn,; it to smoke.
2. Phenols are not the on17 things inhibitin- cil4.a
atorials
activity, aru' other n.
acete_Ye@ Thus
are) were far -iorQ powerP:l
phenols i;@e not imnortant.
3. There is nrobably no connection bi@twe-?n a
susceptible !iouse develonin,@ cancer after
shin paintines, anrl a Aan de, '-eloninr cancer
after s:-iokiriF,2 t'iou7h lie Oie cono-i.-ler the".,
so!.iet',ing which raeuced tire effectiveness
of smoke condensate toi-.rards !iouse skin,
mig'at reasonably reduce-? t'le s.7,ok@-wrl.-. rislit.
It ,-ras intev,:?stinr to learn that he alanys ir)rke-V
N.)
with control .aice, !Ace -)a-',nted with acetone and Ace co
painted with acetone and tar,, are nor---@Iall-! used 1C,I) of
each for one e,.!cp rinent. Uis comnarisons were always
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 21 April 1999

4
on the basis of equal tar e-ose b-, wairrht, ane he has,
est.-blishqd both thresholO. oaes --nC Oose response curv--
He h7d comp---rer' the tz@rs from ci!,--,Fz,3ttes mine from:-
different grafles of lanina
stela
tobacco in ra'oer
tobacco wrapned in tobacco
water extracted tobncco
solvent extracted tobacco
P. C. L.
and had concluded that there was no difference, by an@
He --en
large, between any of them. said. that very of:,
you can get a "-rue result, and no cancerr V'ion you
e:zDecter to find their but that always, on repeating the
experiment, the n,;,r:aa1 recult reanpeared.
He indicftt3d thn't c-..rtain adclitive as copper
nitra.e (lid ;:roduce a positive effect, but couIr' -.ot be
used, because of the profound altc_@rati-ri in taste, and
the possible ill effects of oxlC-s of niti-or-er..
He snoke of the atte"i ts to chanre the te.:iner ture
gM of combustion anC said this was quite impoz;sible by
simDle means. Ile was at nresent investigatin-I smoke by
separation, and skin tests. lie believes that either an
unknown carcinogen, or a new promoting -2g@_nt tai!7ht be
founO, but so far he ha:- found neither. 'lid :--tate
that on mixing together his fractions, the %-t Ole of th-3
original activity reappears, Vich is better tl-,an
F's
'I
G. F. 'I -ight % fnizrdl i.;,vb at Toronto
Darkis is rmich t-ken by the theor r thak' a '@rupo@ tio-';
of m7n are .-Ur.-cepti,-le to a certain basic incidence of
tu,.io,.!rs, while their habits and circit-ist-ncer r,@clde in
.3 r3called ';hat the
Waich area. cmcer will ClsveL@71-
co
basic death rate for cancor is ..-i ch the same in the 13-S.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 21 April 1999

U.F. ancl Japan, but vhereas the e:.:lphasis is on stonacl!
cancer in Japa:i, :Lid on long cancer in the it is lialf
wa-
y in the U.@@.
He ad!-iiitted that the recent coirt trials haO taken
up too much of his tiae (and re-!@ear, h effort?) On research,
if they hanpened to make a break thro@.1.-,'-i, tsiey iroule, not
ke,-,p it tc themselves, 'but offer it to other clr-r,2tt@-
manuf acturers, ju., ging that it was iore i_--rportant to keep
the ineustry ali-,e than to profit one fir:-i. @Iowever, it
did appear that t' ey -aight wish to recoup so.rc p!-rt of
their research experV-iture. I asked him vrhether this
would e:zte!id, to a doubtf-l niatter cuch as I Phanols but
he thought not. 7@ would take the view i- 7uch a case
that if using a special filt-er or otner such thing ('id
not affect the sale of the cigar tte, the.- wo -16 -o -ahead
ane use 'their invention without tallin,-, %:iyon-_, at least
for si.,: -.ionths to a year, --Lnd try to devise so:ae- coni-i@_,rcial
benefit. Cnce again, it s'iowed the eifficialty of
decic"ing what was tr-oly a health i:npro-3mcftt-.
The visit served itz Purpose in :aahinF, nossi -le a
line of co:.,L-.u.--icaticn with another researcher. Lr. Darkis
extended wnrm invit tions to both me and Dr. Gre-n to
visit L & I's laboratories the next ti-ne we weren over,
and I am 3ure 'he was i.,nressee. with what lie saw. Je
,must take care to avail ourselves of the o-nortunity
bef@re the year is out.
Com ients gn B. & W.
Inevitably I was askef' about tho origins of B.A.'.L' .
and I explained the infl.,eme of the Anti-tzurt la,.,rr, in
causing the American Tobacco Con-pany to break away.
Uo-orever, the !-,art -@layeC- by buke in ne--otiating this was C=>
well kno-..m to them and bota exT.Oun". :e,! on this :@t lenr,'.h. r10
Darkis even exDlain,d to Jolf that B.A.T. hae bou--lit u'.) co
the shares of L '.', whic'i several ny nro"'eA of It-oiling
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 21 April 1999

whether of not to admit to our liaison. Ife r'id however
try to question me on how B. lr 'd. had the right to manu-
fact,-,re Pall -!all in Louisville and shin to Venezuela,
if it had no right to sell Frll I'lall in the U.C. I
SliDped o-.it from this by explaining that this was a com-
mercial matter and quite outsi@e --ay ken, but it str'.ck
me that he was very serious Lane that it worries him a
great deal.
Afterwards I wond2red if it co----.1d h,@ve !la(' any
comection with the c@:urt case in which the 1-1,otlua an I s
advertising of Pall Aall in Canada was mentioned. L.& A's
lawyer side stepped this on the Grounds that Vall i4all
in Canada was ncthin- to eo with Pall Mall in the U.S.
Could it be that Darkiz connec,',s IR @: '.-L with Canada, -@nd,
wrongly, with Rothman's? If he thought that a & W' s
Pall Nall were being iaccle in the U.". rmd exported to
Canada, he might believe it woiild undermine this defence.
@. 44A.1i 4
Possibl- Dr. Felton might4cle;ir thiss if as is
he me-ts Dr. Darkis at Coresta.
C=)
N.)
NJ
co
LY1
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 21 April 1999