~_ 15S Q tC~ !"T ~!· BRITISHah·IERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY LTD 1 armbcr oltbe Il·~·T Ir.i:·::is~ ~mup RcbirtcrednBicc: PO B,s~b 8'1·irmirrct ILuce BY FICSIYI1E 7Millhnii i.nndonStlp!jE 'Tclcl'llclnc: or.!!! I::? l'cln: 1;lR1 llbnnil (; 1Zth September 1987 Or, B~ Binns, BATVKE I~D Gentre, Southamgtan Or~ C,J,P, de SLpueira, Souzd Cru~, 3raeil Or, P,J, Dunn, Itt, Canada Hr, J~ Thompson, WD d HO Wills , l\us;ralia Herrn Dipl-Ing E, Rietershaur, BSTCI, Hamburg Dr~ 2~ Kausch, BBTCF, Bahrenfeld Hrl n,LI Reynolds, B~U, USd Research Poliiy Croon - Sriefi_ng Holes I have nov received the brief ing notes from all presenters at the forthcoming RPG meeting and I enclose a see foe four background reading. I am also asking Lance ReynoTds, who is providing a small binder for the meeting, to enclose copies of each in the appropriate sequence, i also enclose a copg of the [ilal Agenda where gou Dill not~ that I have not assigned limes to individual items, This is because there Is plenrv of line on our final day and the Agenda Is more a list of items than an implied tight schedule, Ci~B~ A, i, Heard Eoc, P,S, Grzteful :i you voul~ I:~nox]edg~ :Pcaf:t b? return telex. Inur~q ~:l:tJ in L ~::·II S~:n;rr ·:.·: I'.· ~. · \.Fi~::uh· ImJPn SU'~ O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 PESEARCH_POII~CY CROV_P~E~I~C 11,9,87 AGENDA Sunday 27th September Assemble Hyar: Regency hotel louisville, nonday 28th S_eq:elbe r 08~0 Ope:,lng remlrkl AI.X 09~00 Smoiring L Hearth - the role_o[ R6D gET in relation to other functions 01,01 SRC · agreement on :ple, activities RET and Sudget, 01,02 Crou) Funded Fundamental Research RE in Sourhampton, 01~03 future funding issues. ~1H 01,04 Social issuei that nay lead to HIR l!g!ala~lon - a Positive approach, LUNCH BREAK 14.00 Ol,OI Znvl:inmontpl Tpb~eco Smoke · vhg pjb is i: a problem? 01.06 Ti~e safely - the next hurdle? 06 01,01 ISO and Coresea - `a rccap on issues related to Barelay 111,11 'ca~ ve present a stronger front in HIR fu:ure? 01,OS - si!estrtii me4aurement, ~IH 01,09 iddi:lve Culdafice issues CE Tuesd~g 291h Sep tembe t 0~30 Rivlev of Craup Research Ictlvltles Crou;, Research Programme and Go-ordination ALH 02,01 E!ior: distribution an CRP 11I 02,02 Report on prssen~ations to CAC X ~II 02,03 R60 in some multinational companies producing iou tech products RE Cent:alised vs. decentraliied research 611 h in BhI~ O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -2- Specialist Reetinge and Technical exchangclc3llaboratlva projects, (ThiJ Is a key but costly element of All to-ordination and It vould be useful if each ciuner? coameneed on the value reported back to then of each of this year's mrrtlngs, their general thoughts on such matters and their Ideas for specialist oeetings in 1988,) IC~CH BREAK 14,00 Product Innovation 02,01 lessons Iearoed from evo successful '18 radical Innovations - Barclap end Caori, 02,01 Be?or; on presentation to UleraJllas ~1H eonferenc! Ho~doefeach e~C ideatlfg the products of the 90'5? 02.06 The BA?Cf apprPae~~ El 02.07 Oroduet Innovation · iou tar products RE 02~08 Snotinl · a scenario for the year 2000, RET Uednesd~y 30th Slp~clber 08,30 03l01 les[ research and tobacco bictechaology tJPS 'vhat are the real goals and hog should ve approach them? 03~02 quality Processes, particularly ~1R as applied to RAD, Additional items Revlev of seating Future meetings A1A/OEr11.9,8f pg Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 biearch ~licy Grcup HEfi;T~ : j;~7 Scienfdic Res~~h~Grcup (.RG) n;s se, first met in April 19e6. Since then there have been tlL·~e r;i~etings in ~t~treal, Chelkccd and ~h~wy. It is intended to I~vieu the current activiti~ agaihc~ the tpm s·i reference of the SE, and to ~a~c~ reccmr~ndations on the Ebilr~ dir~cion 1: the SRG iprluding new areas of research i~t~ich mi~ht be e~plcr~d. 31ii; review will ~iso cclnsider mw~~rship, decision ma~ing yld np~trin~ Frccedures, bud~etary procedures, aal changes, if required, 111 the tErns of reference, The analysts ;rlll inc!udP cc;s~eration of ~e rlquird rsle cf the S~ in rolatiql " ether dep8l~nts, notably legal deph-~m~lt and public sf fjirs, Rceivitiec in r~sa arw rrill be briefly discisjed. F~IDAIR ::,8,8'1 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 E 1, D 2 GROUP FUNDED FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCII IN SOUTHANPTON The fundamental research programme was discussed again in March of this year, Since then, project details have been circulated to all members of the RPG. The agreed project arear nave been Orgdniled as requested, with effort distributed between regulatory (cOX) and quality improvement 1601) objectives, Status Review Notes on all research work should have been received by RPG members, There cover the key research areas oi smoke quality, filters, product deterioration, nicotine control, aerosals and casings penetration, Essentially, actions agreed in March have been implenented and Nill continue, subject to comment from the meeting, Last March specific questions were left open for discussion in Iwisville, Environmental Tobacco SlnokeiETSj it was agreed that abjective measurement on ambient smoke should cant' nue until the phase on particulateinicoti nl room burden is complete, We are now at this stage. It is imnortan~ to establish the RPG requirement for future ETS work EIS data has been collected from the ambient r;ol studies. In another forum it has been suggested Lhat good use could be made of this completed work by publishing results, Goes the RPG see Value in this? ~ee~s The mapping project work has been revieved thoroughly, after prior consultation uith GAL: companies On proposed experimentation. The recently issued draft report details the results of this evaluation, The conclusion, broadly, is that the spectroscopic methods used are consistent and discriminatory far examination and comparison of tobaccos and blends if necessary in association with other chemical techniques, Prediction of ekemoseosory responses to smoke from examination of tobacco wades or blends has proved unreliable, It is proposed that research should be carried out on characterftaticn of make by mapping techniques to attempt to develop a tool which can be used for product development, A rationale for such research will be available for discussion, Smokegual ity Work on aerosols in relation to specialited chemosensory research has been coocluded, Work on aerosols, if required, will be switched initialiy to the etutfonlrelease project, details of which are currently being developed in Southampton and Hamburg. W i~J~g~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill U ? *, 0 3 Fund!ag of ~undanen~ai REiearehl SOULhdllJt~OO i attach a note from Hr, Bruell which sought the agreement of the CAC Chairmen to the continuing support of this activity, b positive response w~S obtained from all, In giving consideration to a forPura for funding this work, i have considered scenarios based on turnover, profits, number of cigarettes sold, etc. for the various companies and I conclude that these provide no better a basis for allocating the fZ million cast associated with this research than using the principles that I arrived at last gear oit, i initially divided the sum by 5 and then made adfusiPcnes to these based on a realistic assessment of their site and the value of the Group research programme to chase companies, Having had the detailed rePlev of the project constituting this programme in Hatch 1987, X now feel that a modest re::eePenr of that Icrmula, although arbitrary, best fits out pur?osc~ i therefore recommend that the total be div~ded as follovs:- BATCo 550,000 a6U 550,000 adlCF 400,000 ITL 300,000 Ub 4 HO Willi 100,000 lE is important that ue come cuicl(lg to a conclusion on this subject and I would ask that you gain the agreement of your individual Chairmen, if possible, to these suggastions~ A,l, Heard 14tb September 1987 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: nill 03 E5n1 ~y FACI::':1E tirs~lcr latter sar::f:' ~ICEF: 994211 I~!l: t! 3:Ct:Eb C;I 2/10 l?es5r5, J·l h:c!nr ::L,:jr?:: E;(CEF: tY -~I ':·:D Gl Yon S:E E!~ ~E:ldny ~~~~ Spi:~l ~:SrI ~f::i, ~ust:~::a .Ed ~.E. Crawr-a, 5c?:3 ::u;, Br~rll~ 2od October 1986 Dear Polloving the BLD Gosiennce, a progra~Pe of research across the Group has nov been agreed. Incoitablg, sole of the projects do pot have a specific sponsor end because of Ihelr nature and the expertise required to conduct them, they are best carried out in Southampton, although they do not relate to any specific short ten re?uirewllts of either B~TC~ or ~Co~ there projects, equioalent in cost to 7X of the total Group 860 erpeoditure, are 111 of a long ten nature but in each case are directed se business goals~ Important topics include the formation and coarro1 of individual ecl'Ke components Phlch ve anticipate beeodPg a subject of reBuiatorg fntctventioP, the formation, composition and control of clidestnalmbieot s~oh, again ieaealingll the lubjec: of regulatorg interest, and alcc~eot of smoke sensory attributes by modifications to aerosol formation, The latter, which relates to nicotine release from mob, is considered a ~eg approach to product taste lad flaPour imptmemenl and fill he partieulal~ rcltnnt as rcgulator~ authorities create copsueer Interest in lov terlrcpl~r nicotine products, Poldpg the closure of the aa~P biological octid~y at ScutharPptcc, a responsibility ranains to aOPitdr ~XICIP1LI dElelOPPCPL8 in biological testing and this Is part of the FuPdaPeatal Beselreh activirp, rinallp, the ki:d of basic research on process science that produced both 8888, our ovo expansion process, and DP,ER, our new tobacco eIrrusionlexpsodoo process, lie within this actioity, I~ the time vheP the nev etaagePepts for eroup research vere agreed vlth BdT Iodustries, r ga~e the coaitlpePt that no research fundamental to our long term needs or enabling us to remain co~p~rit~~c, would be abandoned in the restructuring, Aim Beard is of the opinion that these activities fall into this categorl and should be rot~~oed~ lr the Research ConferePca, the Research Directors of the UC companies supported the retention of the Southampton fuudalental research pro]ecrs (lubjecr to there being no rrosie~ of the!: resources), Bose~ar, In presenting the pollltfoo to lilT Industries, it is essential that I obtain a balanced Plev reflecting also Iwr oM perspectives, clearly, when presenting this plap to 8W Industries, the question of funding will arise. In order that I can prepare a posit~oP Piper for de neat Tobacco Strategy Retiew meeting, I would be grateful for four reply by 9th October. Yours sincarely, ·B~ ,,,,,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 \C Social issues that may 1Pld2 iegi~:·:i·a · a oosit:ve aa::cac~Es Tba Idlu rot ooltly l~nnkd by ~fC1, XI n~d to lnaurl our group Rlwmh L a po~ltive irmp Lp th( ~clelitie olrpuniry, 8e hill dl~rradi~ poor Id#e~, and nald ~b identi~t ~uec~~~or~ to lurch, ~ tr~u Icbnomle~ of Iwk!nt ~ra Ihilt ~mtan in mio~u voyl crs ~ub~~dltinll hrltb ad loliol llour!ry cpll, nLRtr thn rhe rsverrl u often claimed, Our beat avidcocl ia that oicotina boa uithcr acuta not chrofiic L~l~h c[Iectl, Uhy lhould ve tlreloa hve to publish nun~b,nt L it polllblt to rrducs rhe ItennpU tp eaPlrol pubile Ijai~lng by h~iog i mJrd leliva roll ia Plnfmirinl ooillooo helon2 In rwmple would ha to ~pcn~or work on air purification aystema, Uhs~ ii tkl roll of Grog Rcsouch Ln ~upportia( wh~t, in luge part, bds to ba a Public ReLliov clEort2 n, t, ;7aynoids sob Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~1. tHVlRaHMsNtAi, TOBACeD 6HOX11 · WHY is it A PROBtgM1 the topic of tnvirbnm~nt~l Tobacco smoke (ETS) can be divided Into three interrelated iesuesl Politicsll · guidelines legislation 8oeial t - Health Concerns Indoor Air Quality Technfall - ~tun of aTs Asaessmant of Exposure i Assessment of pose Each of thous issues will be discussed In terms of what is assumed or claimed to be known by agencies and researchers external to the tobacco fndustrYI the opinions resulting from this knowledge and pa~oibla implications, these implications will be presented as topics for discussion based on what has bean ident!iLd, by Ixtlznal raloarohara, as important, it will be illustrated that many 61 the Political and 8ocill concerns are based on missing or incomplete scientific information, In fact, the laat tllua, the hchnlcal Ialos, Iorma the foundation for eu~rmt Political and Social opinion, It is important, thlniee,~ that any incpnlilbncill or pua#ionl aaaociatld vith thil ilauc be addn~~~d, in light of th!l, a series of possfbl~ R i O responses will be presented, these items an intended a~ topics for discussion in order to highlight pnlcnt and pollibla future key anal of raaaaroh, It II hoped that discuasion of these points will increase our awareness of the perceptions of ZT8 hs~d by regulatory authorities extsrnal to the inCu~tr! and allow us to form tentative plbna of action to address the Political, social and technical issues associated with ET8, 31,8,81 P. :, BUt:i, dgg Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ;. O 6 rlRe SyeTu r me mxfrvRou Iha C~(ln~LI Llcty Act Dt ID aundatad rhar a study he carried out that aseeeaed the feasibility of manufacturing cigarettes with lowered gtopsutty to ignite upholatered furniture along with economic end hellrh rut al#~mcrtl, Ihil ~cdsnl LtLhtion atamasd a riaioa wave of proposed legislation at the etatt level, which would have resulted in varying ~t~nd~tde among atatea, The preeminent theme ICIP)( to bl a IlairllMlt that EISBICILeI left w,rtendcd Ihculd go out within I finite time, The Federal act also puLtld the all for imPediate federal standarda The tntengeaey CollolitteC and the Technical Qtudjr Group established by the Act an to give their report to Congress in October of thia year, The Technical Study group report is 1Uely to stats that the Group has shown ~Lt it is technically feasible to economically manufacture cigarettea with lowered propensity to ignite upholstered furniture, Cigarette papers with low poroaities, dCCreallPg EjlelfllllnCI from 25 lrm to 11 ma, and reducing cigarette denaitJ by using 100X expanded tobacco contribute to achfcv~ng lowered ignition proptuftp, The Group report will likely state that the current laboratory tCltl although adequate for research, is not Ilatlslsctoty for either monitoring fin safety of cor~sre~~l cigarettes or for guiding Illanufae~usro In developing fire safe cigarettes, This has to do msinly with the variability of fabric usad id the teat, not with the basic test protocol, The report may state that these findings are from tullrch cigarettes that are consumer unacceptable, It map also sCete that increased colt and consumer di~lfh of resulting cigarettes would have I positive health benefit by reducing the number of cigarettes consumed, predicting the outcome of Congressional debate is rieltp, But, we should anticipate that federal legislation will be enacted, In fact, it mag be desirable to avoid the return of the issue to the state level, It could require cigarettes be made to certain d#ign specifications, and/or manufacturera will be given a time target to rmF~e~ products that pass a minimum propensity test protocol, I;, E~TERLE Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Ise IbeaRts~ 01, O 7 the csr·t 1I1I~I rl O~oup Slrl~cU lo~ LW will be !Id~vtd, J~lal ltd conUnusd Involvlwal In ID ~nd COmU an nc~d~d 1[ b eroug it ,o rla~~ln LP L(II)II1Y( PIOIIIP 01 P~DdUEI IPII~Y1~I01 id ~p Inereoiqly comp~lit~n cnvirohnsnt, Llil lpd dll~lltd Llhllnt b BC %laah nklr~etl.,,, pn~ufl tlrhlol~~l~l Ibuld bit rtmdrrl ~altlec, I n]m~ly oI Ul~r~-llh product bCPlfftl rill thlRiO~l b~ ~IOYfdld, W1B~lb~~ 8918W Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Sidestream Smoke Measurement A~ I~ Heard One conclusion of the Ultra Slim Conference was that such cigarettes may be jus:ifiably claimed to produce less Jldestream~ Cossequenlly BdTCo should aim to publicise its technique for measuring sidestream smoke emission from cigarettes since currently there is no industry standard j?thod. This method has nov been formally vritten up in readiness ior presentation externally, Bovever, trl Caiada have raised important doubts on the merit of taking this iaitiatfve~ Health and ;;elfare in Canada have previously sought sidesrream data on brands for the purpose of (erroneouslg) extrapolating ~o environmental issues~ The lack of a standard method was a convenient delaying ta:tic~ ITI, who are collaborating with R~ J~ Reynolds on environmental tobacco stake issues, are confident that Reynolds have their own internally accepted standard method, but see no merit in external publication, It is important that the RPC considers fully the "pros and tots" of BIT taking any initiatives in this area and we must recommend an appropriate line of action for the company. 7 t h S ep t am b a r 19 8 7 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 _CC~_ I· · I ·· III · t · · I·I ( I ··II ( ·· I· · · I 01~09 ADD1Z~V/CU1~Cf ~9811~ We bn9 blcn ad~i#d by ~ t~~r~fl~d toxlfo)otilt ~ht biologial ~~ltinp of eig~nttl ~nYltl ~rs of no YLlus IP ICl~OtifiCllly ~l~~uinl the ~cclp~J~litp 6t ciprclta oddltivw, ~bt ~ltlct~ oI the ~ddititta on 1IPQ& eompo~itfen ~nd caplp~rj~on with curnnlly #e~ptlld t~ob coRlpo~ition~ L ~ci~ntifiwlly ~d~~cLnt lor tbs a~~l~~lplnl, Is Ib~l po'silion conli~lur wjlh th~ ptoatdidp of tbe~s wha ~re charg~d w~th tladlriny w~mtifle opinions on sdditivv L Lhe ~hT Itoup~ II not ~hPuld it bl ~dogtcdl 1213p Ci. ~SiEL~ Ip1~4 O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 02101 Group Research programme Effort Oistrlbution The accompanying diagrams illustrate tvo of the important data summaries on this topic via: (I) R&0 resources distribution of absolute effort In terms of organisation and scope; (fi) R6D resources distribution of effort In terms of objective In vhfch I have highlighted data far 1988 in comparison vfth 1987. further data mill be tabled at the ~eeting~ i also enclose a summary of Group pip staff numbers. Ue shall need to take a viev on whethPr our application of Group RLD resources is appropriate. 3. Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 d FJ O N (D (U O li~j~rl~ t ~e . u) d b ~e 'un/ ~Y~ O Fl Os r r g~ Q3 ·dd [I, O QI U) 13 ~3 rl ~I u, r o c~ a ~C eO O, O re t U1 1$1 01 · r rJ tb~ eo (00(0rCOmh hQI tS C~ kl 7 o ~I In z Q) C3 Q) (V 43 (O Ci P ~e O) a ~ m cP Pf O/ r r CJ ~C M~ 'P~ Z W r Y 9 eO~ r cO ~u ~e P PIO O ~ t m ~II I~) I ~m 1 -' V)'D h\ 3 ~dOd06 CO g, O ~C ~ U, 3 01 cu E~ eo u loC z I co bl- 3 Q) c~v, ry V) II PV)eO~QIOQI P, VlOdC]eyr~ t· r LL ~ cev, P I] ~~N~ujQP w~ r z n s rr er: O n W m o .o (3 o Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 b R8D RESOURCES DISTRIBUTION OF EFFORT IN TERMS OF OBJECTIVE NON SPECIFIC 1988 (198ir In bracketsl i; ASSOCIATION 9 REGULATORY LEVELS " AGROTECHNOLOGY : ALTERNATIVE NOVELTY SOCIAL COST PHYSICAL i SUBJECTIVE 3,2 (5,1)% Il 0,1 (0,3)% ~: 45,2 (49,0)% 18,1 (9,0)010 (ss)% 9,5 1 ~\ /3,3(7,3)% G (9.71X 6.1 5.7 18 11.5157 (4,5)% (4,6)2 %012,2)90 GROUP PROJECTS '3~i~p R&D RESOURCES DISTRIBUTION OF ABSOLVTE EFFORT IN TER~S OF ORGANISATION AND SCOPE LOCAL, PROJECTS GROUP PROJECTS 1987/1988 MAN YEARS 100 CI '~AOLIP GIGI ' IGICr CrlG Crllr IrlG OICi B&W · BAt UKE BAT 1TL SOUZA WILLS R&D GERMANY CANADA CRUZ ALL PROJECTS __ 0:, O 2 g_6O Talk to CIC c Nay 1981 Heard This paper considers the Criup's current allocation of resources across broad areas of tobacco R~O~ Folloving the major changes in RLO organlsatlon initiated two years ago, we have six RLD centres all of which now classily project activity in a standardised way, This enables us to estimate quite reliably the relative effort allocated to various sub-groups of RAD. Oe also hsr~ details of external contract research undertaken for the six centres~ R&O activity across the 911 centres costs e30 D end the external supported research costs an additional E1~5 mo Their total is allocated as follows: OBeRIEAO SLIDE I : DISTRIBUTION OF GROUP R&D EFFORT Classification Short-medium Long term eer~ focussed uncharted" R~D Research I fI RLO aimed at puelity 65X 16r Improvement, Cost Reduction and Innovative Products 1II IV R6D in response to S6a 12X 71 related (Regulatorg) Issues General consensus suggests that cigarette developaenr will be evolutionary rather ~~an:cvolu~ionary and that we can reasonably plan 5 years ahead. Conreguentlr, short-medium term research spans this period, bur of course, Is effectively updated annually (a "rolling" 5 yeat programme) in the light of Group management perception of what either the customer or the Regulatory Authorities will rcguita~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 O 2~ O 3 RESEARCH ANO DEVELOPMENT IN SOME MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES PRODUCING 1OW TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS Over the last two years the Group tobacco ilbD norle has become established in its new format. The original concept of decentralization has been pursued and systems have been developed to support the change in RaD policy in BAl, After:his initial phase, it is probably appropriate to review progress to date. As part of the general session on "Co·ordination of Group Research"" same information will be presented on RID structure and organisation in other industries producing relatively low technology products~ Discussion with research executives of other multinational, well·kn3vn organisations (like Nestle and Kraft) in food, drinks and allied businesses reveal common issues concerning the role and application of RIO in such companies, Overall, approaches vary within the various companies, with sw~ common features and also differences in the approach to RIO, Key issues which all the companies face, and which are relevant in the tobacco industry include: research strategy in low technology of, sometimes, mature industries; the scale and organization of RbD; the approach to "basic" research, Examples of the policies of other companies towards these eorm~n issues Hill be useful in any review of BAT's current approach to research and development activities. P-g '~ay become "Revien of Group Research Activities" B %? Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 O 2, O 4 EANMAY Ino WRI Twa SucersJa ~awntlg CceetPnDN Ctltlcallty 01 Hew Prodvetr rot Haturl Lrt~t~ 1 Plannad (ACTpON) V(r~u~ Unplanned (QPAI) Conccptl ~ Roln~M esncr~tlng Ibn "Pllnnld" P~odult~ I pole OTI#ced Tot Early Hltkatfng Input Exrc~tl~ · t~rt~ Hacnlooty And Rhuf~Eturlng Input ~ Hachlnlry load Ilmel · Haterlalr I~luer ( RM) Support lot l:nltlal nanuractura · Do I1 Rlgbt Iho flrrt llno SUSTENANCE I nalntaln Product ~ntrgtlty I Field Studfar 1 Change krrct Ho Cnlnpe During Early llh 3012n T, AIEkL Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 o t~ c 5 Iloloaicl: Ind ILdlO(lLLI)~OJ(lf~ of Lov Circumference e~garetees (Capri Conference, London, 30th June 1981) i. I~ Beard Besides the obvious attributes of novelty and perhaps 'eregance' that the ulera-slfa cigarette con offer, there ate Several technical features that may have relevance in the aarkettng of such produc:s~ Notable among these are: I~ reduced biological actfvtty 2, reduced sfdestrta? (both tar and 'gases') 3~ reduced tendene? to Ignite c~g~ fabrics I, reduced asb~ This note explores e~· scientific validity of 1~ and ?, as descriptors of cigarette sloke and also the extent to sbfch these factors depend on cigare::e construction parameters in addition to simply c~rcunference~ Pe:r'ormance of a brand against these tests sill depend on the inter!iag of circumference vith these other patamctcrs~ Background, particularly in terms of scientifte data on teens 3 and 4 is sparse and is ZOt ready for detailed reporting at this staga~ b!p CP Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 O 2~ :i IIODICr InlOlltrOl rb, ~l~,r·et aPProa0b ' Irhird Rltt~r~hiui~ trwln I~u~ch Durinp tba last months tbs RID·actlvtliii of llllt-ef havi bi~~ riatrueturid and risponslbllitfis for tbs Olobbl Itiirino by our "Product Innov~tion eorlmittoo (PHL)" havr boon rsdoflnsd, Th~ "PHI', chilrid by tbs bord nombor Prcduction and R1D, invalvsi Ilio, bialdss tbs chsirman of tbs B,l~t·CI·boird, tbs board Pinbiri and ~~n~oiri for oirk~tln~, lisf and Durehaai in d~lining tbs pan atrstoli,i and work ardal to dovilop "viil6narv" products for tbs ruturi~ the eoibiPsd information about ~rtPr~ davcropmcnti and influincinp fssuis from tbs dil~nrint doparlmsntr formtd thl basis for I concsntratsd sclnaria nlth pirtloular taking Into aceount, wh~r~ action and riaction of tbs RLD- dlplrtlnlnt would bi rcpulrtd, In closo discussion with our reiponslbl~ m~rk~ting and 1I11 ~~n~g~ri ui thus d,rlv~d, blstd on tha montlsnsd IRllllr Ic!narfo for tbs aowt Years. 161aa and startln0 points for fuCufi products and trlad to d,rivs Proj(lets thars6r. Thr ror](ino on th,si t~r~~ts, tbs m~thodr and tools onvolvsd will bs totally in rssponiibility of tbs tsehniesl and tbs rdslaroh and dsviloPmint d,p~rt~snt. Oaln0 a pplta 001100 Ilthod, pnlEb was Ililbtlf lodill~d and rsrtlsr ad)oltad to our riPPlrii~nti, 011 tbs IYPPlstla PFODOII11 for products IprojlCtl) haY) boon ssssssid by I grc~tir nuibir of psopla, tbii lad to a proj,ct portfolio In ecrlns of risk and ~t~rafEivit~ whfch now inoludis - tbs biit sstlmsto for tbs div~lap~~nt of tbs rslivsnt cntlronlast balra os information from latolrtb Pipirtmtats of tbo oomlanr · , broad eompilatlon of id~~i for tutur~ producli snrolVinq tbs ralcviit dioirtiaali of tbs company in 1 balsneid way - tbs ~~~~ismint of 111 Idsas by 611 ptollt Involv~d on basis of a pu~ntit~t~v~ msrhod · I rsthar simple and i~~y ~o roller mathGlnatiosl Irociduri rbicb pitss tbs option to IDC1PII fhaPpss in tbs snvlronmsnt, asssasmint, and othsr influencing Isctocs virl rapidly, 8 1~ ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni O 2,:E Ihe portfolio, aupplemented by asPecta which re9uired aclely managerial decietona, reaulted In an ananlmoualy agreed working program for our aclentiats envolved in longer tern reeearoh and development work, Ihe working programme was entered as main part of the I,llt-et contribution into the group Reaeraroh Programme, furthermore it is eteential to Insure the close connection between pan, ~eehntcal planning, Production, and OualttY ~llurlnc~ ae wall aa PuraLllnq, I, working teohnological chain and the interaction with Ratarlala aupplieri and purchaaere enablee ehort development erclii and appropriate materials selection which will guarantee the high quality standard repufted by the Pansum~r, Particular Ilems that will he covered are: ~ what is the baeia for decivino targete to develop future productel n where do we get the neceaiary information Iroml ~ How should we assabs the different propoJa1i1 ~ Which people should he involved? ~ How do "local" projects fit into 'group' projectal Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 O PRODUCT I~NOVITIDM · 10W TAR PRODUCTS 1·, i) A baJ Ic objective of the tobacco i ndust~ i s to canti nue to del iver smoker Eatlsfaetion, Generally, this means the pleasure associated with the social and behavioural aspects of smoking, the taste and fiavour sensations produced by smoke fnhalatlon and the neurological responses to nlcotlne~ ii) There is a widely held belief, i nside and outside the industry, that perhaps the majority of true smokers Inhale to obtain from their cfgar~:~ the nieotlne whieh contributes the ~hl~aco~~c~ part of the smc;;.ing experlence~ Indeed, It has been suggested that smokers obtain their prefered dose of nicotine irrespective of the tar deliver:: or design of a cigarette, iii) Increal'lgly, product developers design cigarettes against the background of restrictions and greater delivery control, particularly tar, due to prcs!~e or legislation by regulatory authorities. These testrictions will c:~:inuc, If these po'.:s are agreed, a reasonable conclusion Is that products required for the fut~r~ should retain the social, sensory and phdra~acolopical properties o' current cigarettes~ At the same time, the "negatives" associated with presen! lay products should be mfnimised, Highly modified, innovative desfgns may '1 needed to achieve this In su~~,:le product of the future will mimic the modern cigarette in as many ways is possible, but within severe delivery constraints · maximum pleasure wltk minimum tar, Such a device might be a hybrid, somewhere between a cur·ent conventional cigarette and the extreme, non·tobacco alternative ?aemplified to date by ATP's F~VOR, For discussion, suggested target d~~c~c~ for rueh 1 ptoduct, MMeh would not ae "consumer rcsFonshcu, would be ca,:mg nicotine and I mg tar, it is propos~: that Group Research work in Southampton should be concentrated to make a corc2rted effort to develop a highly modified cigarette of the tyFe luggest~:~ Such products ~ed to he researchcd for the 1990's. 3revious "fur.",amental" research work In the Group programne, has covered diverse ptojc~:s aimed at product understanding and Improve~nt, However, for some tie the orograrrune has lacked major agreed, long·te~ themes, A product co~~~pl target, clearly Identified as an objective for scientists and engineers, would focus much of the work being done In S~thd~ton, The cpproach iuggested woula, for the first tine, providC rcseareherr uith a clear brief to devise a product, It Is likely that the work required to achieve this uould also have specific benefits for the design of more Conventional, Current cigarettes, t) ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni RefcltcS bl;~'~cnli tl~fCitD - l"k? ~ur~g · A ~cenaric f3f die Year 11!0u mi ~ari;et for t:h~ccr: F:cductz ill th~'l~ar :C101] will ~.jrp~y:~ mil·;~c~i, t? ~ "lc14~ E?~ C~ f3C:or5 ~ld uhieb t.he md;stri ~~ Th~t ~ctet~31 factors will inci!lp t~p ~sr.4Sa! tr~nd ~c~arde ~rr~~#r::g t~ pnlti~anent, degebjrrr~w ::: ~::s~e ~rsi:renjz in r~l Enr;l).i::~··~Lc;c:c:sr.~j (i;se~L~·s such as ~I~, ihs 1h01i F5::lm r,f ;~TJ13tCTI abhorities in the ~~m l0n1~ ~:: ~l~s tt ::~ier~i, ~mfl~b~r yjT.h t_h~~ of a~l; illdstn~s ~iilch sea c~:~:::13j. Fral!rs m cmi'3~Y~!ia :a th~ L+~fit!cn~i ~cbsc;:;:a~1:;cza. T~~ cn,e~ntati~n ~111 ~~E~Jss E~7~ ~f ~~P iSjLIPS lJhlCh 1MB ~:~1 L~T.J11: $ I.h.e :'L11 Of the cc·~r(, tc~ether with m?re o~~~~~ *as hare the iraiile~ ~M~ ~ ~le :2 Isflu~nce e~nts. :::p ~T~ljr?t!rM c:' thac? ~o~s!bilities ~n ~rclluct develop~n: ~11 je rfi,e;iSc~i· ?;3~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 P I, O 1 ~W RESE~RCI IWD 1D~CCO BIOTECHHO~OGY 1·~RDDOC~IOH Plan: breeding is based on the art of selecting and the genetic science, ~~D latter is based On two major prin- ciples, namely : 1 · 9~~ descendants ate si;r,i!ar to their parents; and 2 - ~sr°ditar· variations exist within the populations c33sidere2, The first principle means tiat when tobacco plants are self;:llinate~, t~t~ produce descendants similar to ther;i's~!Yes, however, i: each plant from one progeny were exac:lv the sane, ~ariPtal breeding would never move for~E:f , There is consider~~re variation between varieties and types Within Nicctiana tabacum species (wild relatives) containing a most valuable ~en plasm that can be used in C:~T~p_fCial tobacco bree~iac, i - GE~~'liC BI~E~ING PRl,OPAnS OH TClbACCO 2,1-nSA The United States have long been the worldwide leader in dei·2·lopment of tobacco varieties tc~sy predominate in most countries, because of this, tobacco types grown around the World and their qualit~ standards have undergone clre;t unifo:~it~. Exceotions to this fact are t~bacco Fatic:ies and types grown locally in ~an~ c?~ntr:tn, e,g,, Fmarel inho and Comus in Brazil, Canada and ;:;8abe could also added to the list of exceptions where tobacco varieties have been developed l~;l!ly, b;::the quality standards these countries h~:'~ sought are similar to those establish ed In the USE, Tobacco variety breeding in the USA has established a number of parameters or criteria that any variety should meet i:, order to be used on a commercial basis which c~~iousl~ has to a great ertent limited anr effort t: develop any characteristic other than these previo_jly established , The said parameters take the fol:3ving characteristics into account: Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 O ?~ 0 1 a, ;;rono~ie; b, P~ylieal ; and c, Chemical, to some extent, Once plant selection meets all parameters the new rbrfatg is subjected to a final evaluation which compares It to a standard rariety~ Studies conducted so far have sought compliance especiallp with the following aspects : · P:s~uc:~vity ( kglha) · Disease resistance · Le!f conercial qPalitr (OSllha) · Pt~sicai characteristics Icolcr, ~laot~Eity,ctc,) · Ac:ooorie aspects (glant height, number and shape of leaves, davs to flowering, number of sc:~ers, ease of curing, etc.) Other aspects are also considered, as follows : · Cte~ica~ characteristics (alRaloids, nicotine, sc:ars) · Tc~~cec smoke acceptability [II 2,2 - Wain cb;ccti~e : acclimationladaptatlon of varieties, ehief;y the ~eric~o, to countries where tobacco ~roui:s are assisted. 2,2,1 - PST QRMIWY - SCP variety in line with American Farietlas, - Change in some chemicals (nlcotine, nitrate, diterpeno) without reaching commercial step, 2,2,!-tl (BiW) - high nicotine variety ;P1, Variety developed by UODA and under test in Bratil, OI~ has been contracted to introduce disease resistance and male sterility, ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni O j~ 01 Some s;ldies on flavour (Madura, originated in indonesia, and Palotfna, originated in Brazil, bred vlth Burle~· DS~), - Low nitrate (p:sgram in progress at Kentucky e,) 2,2,3- BRAZIL · Selection of native tobaccos lair - and flue-cured), · Accl~ta:io~ of varieties I~C~IID from othe: tobacc= 9:3ViCq countries, · Agronc=~e studies (varieties ~ soils and fertilization - cultural practices ~ curing 1 pea; and disease coctrol,etc,), - StUd:pE on ss;e chemicals (nitrateslnitro· sz~!ne~, ~i~~~t~nes, carotenes, nicotine). - Ince~:=:E:il~ cf disease resistance into native and ~~::ev varieties, 3 .AVAIl3BLE TECi-3~IPVES FOR USi - Baelei6 --~ DiF;~;f Tissue ccl:_:e - Pro:~~las: i~sio~ - C~ts~la~~ic :~p:ac~~tn: (,;,a:e sterile) 4 - BIOTECKNOIOG~ TN MBACCO CROP BiotecLolog~ (cell ant lao:ec,:ar tec~nolof~) should be used as : 4,l - Suppler!e:,t to co~~en:io~al and more recent techni~~er (ha:lcid.e tissue culture etc,), " ·4 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 4,2 - Basic tool for impact innovation, S · M~NDAHENTAL KNOWLEDGE FDR U[PACT RESI~TS OP USING BlOTECtMOLOGY 5,1'· Introduction of genetic mapping and correlation between ~e~otgpe and desirable characteristics. (Twyforl) 5,2 - Establishment of biosynthetic pathwa::s for tar(ret compounds and of a means to influence t'ne~ (external contracts), 6 - ~DmffffICAT~ON OF BIOTECBNOrCK;Y IK)RX PROGRAn Possible areas are : - Flavoutsl there is a need to identify the co~~ounds to be studied) -TAR, nicotine, nitrate, nitrbsamines (pteeurscrs, levels, ratio, etc.) - OTHER NOXAE. - Sucker~css tobacco varieties, C~J,P, OE SIOUE~~A Q$ CI Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 O 3~ O 2 niD WblIn IIoHI L Willislon'l ~cy prleriry 1e leblsva Totll puality, libile obte~it~ W~lunrPt~ of product quality can bl developed, it L nn~ch more di~lbult to ~c~are R~O g~llfy, Y, need to dlte~lne how to avan protrc!e In IUi P1~, and the llOC should FPntider bow heat to ~Pevur~ the quality of Group Rcsareh, M, L, i?:'~:.3S I~ ~i~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111