(K~ 1353 fla~u,ro~ceo noooers t~nrm )h~Lrul n ILgWCule mmgn o~ m~ceo s~o~ 1; )IODI~D·1UQCOPD ~O~CCO dllD O~BBI Q0mS.~U~O~ Iklureh flonra) 93ott po, 112 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 L, )P~ _~ ~_ ___~__ ~-----~i~j~ /t~Re~V~d·~--_ ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni ·_ ferc~:S Sa~r:~!Jrv lerc:t ~o, r~i~~Rrbt:bMCCI~ DIOFCTc tW!~E1) RESiAReH IhMII~~TOR': ~O~llf~M. ~ REDL~CFe ~RO~Zil~ Dr MMCeO STO1;E i, noornED n~E·cuR~n~ NJRI]IC PIOOUC1S lyplLC: r-j256 Ilsucd. br: Dr, rlA, SPith ~tL I95Ued: ~thm~ry 26, 1911, Distribution: iopy Yo,: 1, library 13, Dr, n,c, Faltoo 2, ~r, R,~, eibb 1~1 Dr, F, HP~lam 3, ar, R,S, Lde 15, Dr, IJ~ Hugh# i, Dr, f,b, Seitb 16, Dr, R,A, Smfatd 5, h, S,~, eendlieh II, Dr, R,h, Lnford 6, Dr, ~,fl, Bflinorlo 18, Nr, S,t, NkholL t, Dr, S,J, Green 19, Hr, R,t, HICh0ll6 8, Dr, S,J, Green 20, Hr, E,R, Preieelcbsn 9, Dr, S,J, Green 211 Hrs, JI JOhOAOfi 10, Dr, S,J, Green 22, Hr, A,F, El Ltyst 11, Dr, 9,1, Green 23, t. 1I,L, Rice 12, Dr, D,C, Ferton 24, nr, ~~P, Seherh~k Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Si?lV~I(Y IloCifio~fons o[ flue-cured tobacco iv ~nlvmt Prrnction and chemical inprerr,a~iol ue:e carried our, not o:1y to ;Ittenst to determine v'nieh :o~a;cP cens:!tuer,ts 4ive rise :1 :eEsefac eomnpund~ in Fnokc, but alsoto find out how these ?adifica:isns affected the re?:lcinz 5:spertv or' the letter, ~hi!e no une?ufvocal evidence has been obtained as :F the ~li~ source of nduc!ne lafvitv, all the evidence EuRlpStB that 11:1111 and phenolfe ;Pnpounds derived ehrrcfro~, are the main cont:!hrars to reducfnt ae:!v!~r, C:~ respect to the ciiccr oi cirarette naratete:s lnf!uencine :?Cuei~~ ec:ivitv, strand ~:':~, s:iiit: Ci ::jac:e..?:S: !C:J!i:~ rnC ::· :?ntrli n.i·l;::ves, ci~ ~3::ti:ueace :,e:et~cil; pave: of se:ie:::_? Ei:niflc3nr decree, ExJ;n~l:isn of :ojacco moduc:s from d~!ficrent parts of the ~orlC Ehouo~ lower ~c:17i~ics in Turkish tobacco and Indian sun cured c!:arettes, d~h the Lest activities ~li~e recorded by frcnc'n c!;;:c~~es sde f:F: dart, fermented tobaccos and the hichlv fermented a:C exotic leriqul tobacco, Indkn bidls var eeui7alent to rem~lar flue-cured cinarettes in terms of total And s?ecific reducioe aeti· r::!es dill greet tobacco pave cqull specific oct:vitv hut lover total activitv, i: is i~oped that these studies vfll 'nel? In ncsi~ninr a ciCarette ~:rh lower 11Plofiiell actiVffv, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 rESAE lee nodiiieatlo~s oct i:r aoPnnlr! sil :~;ae taune ear extracrtnr. Et Ic~PndatiPt :~iPiouc, npr, reulslmr ?nu::alv: de d;rea:aer de luels cOPst!:llenFs CP:aiPE E:ovlcnn~nr rrs;05110bl'S reeoc:surs dalls la iunL, -.lis acrr! oour E;msr~rer connert reS mPci!ieariPnfi peuven: jfilc:et les ,tolr!ltes rPduetriecs de la funz'e, Uhe si une ~fdet:e J'cJ: r;v;i;el ellr n'esr pas sans Cluivooue, luanr j Is source de l'~ct:vitc' rCduetricl, is iadicarion~ lulpircnt nUe is liPniu r: les cooosis p~ioolllueJ nut er, sept derives sent les Fr:lcinaEr. a$a:r it :erte aclii'i:i, I'piiz: res nar~~::~s lr:3;;:;:~::e,:~:j oua ia la::e~: ·~~ b:i~, ie p~o~iiage u :~ti:, 1a lu::~i:e du Parter s~ns: ·~r :aJ ':~.aRe n'ief!ueleenr pas de fjFo: ~O~it!jd de cPnrriir de ~·'' se~ribir lee proptierts :zducrrie~s de :a ireF. I'erude des oro:llrs de rlbac oresvnt de ei[ierz~tes p~rtfel lu mondr s d~aen::j oPfnk d'~etlvi:~ tCd~cttice nms Ies t~baes rurcs et lee cilere'.tes fnd!mneJ faites de table srcir su soicil, er l'ae:lvtt/ :;duetrice is plus hasse a;rh mrclisr:;E jsns !es efgstetres [rJn~i:~cs f3LrirluCel de tahae ooir fenfnre' c: dins les Uhacs exot:lues de type P;riouc, hursut fenlnrks. I'set!8irl rCdatrite ro~alL er so~ifilue dens Ies "51ais" tndtens Cquivalait i celre res Ekarcrres b tabac jlune clndfJ luc le tie verr donnait une Ic:ivir; deifiqur C~~le ct lelf ae::titc' roralo plUs horse nue eoi!r des rs'Jscs fsuncs, ~ous upkrons lue eel ~det ecrvlront i I'~abctlrfon d'une EfRJre~te de ooLdn Icrfviti blologinuo, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 2us~caial sU1~ ~en~erun~en an roehrenqrr:oci:te:e: X.a' vurocn jlrch ro!vir:.c:e txlnc~ianan rovir! chcnlre~n ;E~:alfniL:anren nus(aiuctr:; leline n!ei~: mr mi: der iJI!:~; un ~Ls;:ur:cilen vc!clle ~li~ai~hcrrno::rilr cin bes::i~en ler reduzierende~ ~crlinclu~so~ des huc!:cs aes:ltten, suade::, aud ~w tu ~tfasse7, inuieien s:e ifc:e~u~iercnden iii~~rsrf~i:m iiie~cr Vcr~indur,Em heliei!uslel· ;~a liein Einu~nl!i:ci:l kveis Icbrr den UrsorunP de~ redu2iercndee ~kti~ttaet rril;li~~n vetder.;onn:e, untets:ellen aile RcweiJc, L;ls~ !iElill Illld Ihenaiis:-e ;~r:Ir,~~gE:: !!e 2alPtiak:o:er, ?e::eC-:ir:r:;cn hirivilac: dilscs !:P ~!rklnE dr: ~ipa:!~teap~:a~r:cr Sc;lnit;brcite, verall:~lnl pl?irrsPror::~lt ~in~ vr:l:cr.anJEkon;ro!i:l:c;ait iurn?rse !I~:lr ie liinlis~; aui die rrdu?iotende ~litivft~e~ 'neincn Ceticutcn$fa [in~luss aui ~ir :eSur!ermCe Sr~erkE dca Rlucaes. water ~iLn vcltwcirm un~trs;;hte~ TJ~tcr:euRn~ssen, zuip;ten Eue:i;ise~er i~hnli Imd in~is~~e sonncnferrochete ~igoretten JiLd::Je h%:ivitsercl, Joch ~oel liedrinerL vu:den nr, irantoeaiscaa ~!earcltcr,, fJht~ticr; von ~elalr:s fenentic~ecm iall, und pn hoe~-icrmrl~~e.rtca sovic e:co;la~e~ Peri?uc rabak ve~teichnrt~ ilie Fcsamte Imli spctfliscsr tedulie~eld~ ~;ri~itecr car tlrieb tucr indilche Ri~lil Ilnd Zi~erette des Tv~r roeilrenEie:roe~nlrer fabP/cl, Cru~r,r: h~ai. hatte !fe Iclhr spe:ifire~e jdoe~ Lfne nf~drfrere Crsatlkrivftaet, F~g vtrd Fru~rtlr dlrr dine F~udicn nr En/urrfunll eLr Zil~rcnl lit aic0rillcr 5lolopilc5cr 4krbt:cPt hetrmrm urrlan, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 _ · IIITR0011bt~Oh' I:: interest in the reducing ~ropctt? of sroi~ stencaed iron an observation Pade during enfyle inhibition 6tuP!eS in Vhifh it vas found that cigarette soo~e could bring about cieical reCuc- tiDR Of :y;ochrPme c, r;e thought that such a reaction of moke viii~ cytochroae c, which is one of the comfoDents of the :i:tocoadrrial respiratory chain, vas Of significance, and eonsrpse~:!! ve util~ad reducing property for conparing different snoke condensates [!). The fact that disruption of dtochondrinl electron transPor: is involved in application of irritants and urciaePns to louse rifc:s evident i::n the ~:ri of Ive:stn (:-j), ufi· E~C~d that auC~ ~:::`*liea:ioe :esul:ei in aeeu~!nrlct oi reducing ae:i·!:9 in r'e ;iir, of ?ai:less nice, rhev r~va~atel sl?v!vo tetrazolia reduction res;, ealo?ili: hairless nice, as a good early detector of skin carcir,elcnic ac:ivitv of ehenica! substances, indeed, an accelerated res: for carc!no~c- neals nust consider such early effects of apPlicatinn pi the catcino- aen, the, to us it a?oeared odtl logical to assuae that the redor: property of sloke vould play a significant role in disruprinfi electron transport, and eonw~plon:lg, vould he useful in monlror!nr the ra~c- riri~? of tobacco Smo'Ke, ID this connection it is pertinent to point out that Cater and Phillips (6) have recorded ber reCox Jntenrial in nnnour than in notal tissue, and FanRerot al.(f) have show that reducing co~)nunds such as l·epsle~ne, ~lurRth~onr! and sulphire are able re enhance the Iran~fpra~tion of hu~n and rabbit l~n~phoc?tcs into blast cells k Phvtohrmagglutinin O and ar~glok~lin reagents, There authors suggest that reducing alents lay act as letat:olites, through their effect on the redox potential of the slsm, or by ec- t:vation of thiol mlvno, Reported in this paper is an rxtensian of the vork on re- ducing activity ( 1 ) vith tva lain objectives, Mrstly, to try ,,,2 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·2· and !dantif? the Mjor rrrwPa of coqa~ndl in tobacco vhieh, on com- bfs~:on, gfva rLr to rcduc!nF activity, 'The prob~ca has hoen ap- proachad b? modification of tobacco ii f~rmcntation, solvent cxtne- tion or addition to tobacco of ~rerloL uhich olamtd li~ly to ine:lea nducing acfviitr, SacondlP, wa vid~d to explore tie affect of p~ylical e&as# in cipnrte desim on tie oxidat!on state of condenaates, h thia area, clnges In c:lsrettt dismter, fon of tobacco and potolitr of yprt Mrr Itudiad, pina thr affect of ban rctordona, rinallg, in parallel to tie Lxpkatorp linu, a tanlte of diffarent ciprctte ttpu and Imo~inR products Mte ~nnincd for:leinR activity, Ibe rcJtl of tLe Icltl are nported, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 hAT1RIhl5 Y t~lODS Snokioe orneadurcl Iltholl Iltd in I~nt end solllctiol of eoldclIIrl hnl ~1II~~ been dl~crib~, ~an different types of tobIecPI, n~~ul~l II veil II extrIcred, veri oonpered, thlt are aDked it tr~MLtld Ion In oilerette tuber (I), Idlc:1· of 0011 :~s 7:ocedure fall~l~ II all eI ~~I orbirrerv "~~i~' ~;:o!,d h~ve bl~n dele::brd ia In cetlilr publielrion (1), ~ort Of:~( velues !Lparted Ire the alrllll of three slp~nre dlt~!- oi:,Iti:oI l~c3 ~dl ueing 3 different dihtionl, leneorIrior. orocedures Ila·rlrioc I ItrliP 01 IICEhlTae(~ eernriIiee (bPn'l leeet)end In Unidentified Jlllt ilO~tld frol I toblCCO )rOdlCt Were III1 to 'Ilaa~' the ill~·~r~ toblcco, 1Illt eelle are herveIted ft· 1 cPnteill Ilt atrecr Idfl (Bifco), or I Cobecco ctrlct Iliia (10 per emr tPblCCo QDICt contIiniall 0,11 )ifCD 7(111 extreet) IrepIrel lo the ~Lo~to~, I*netion ~ro~ldurcl PI utreorion proeedvreI are ellIlted from the aethode r~crl~d for extreotioo of Ilpk fw uood (9), rol~cco or nl Ikinll are steeped in the Iolrent in Inttiol It l'e or rbla tu)erIture, end the eolvellt ruond b ~la~tnt e~o~th ·Ilin cloth or Lf filrrItion on I blch* funnel IP1 dr!lnl, ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni !ES1:::S A::D 31SCt'SS;7'; precursors of redurine eocspunds in snoi:e Since till rcdox activity of smoke from flue-cured tobacco vas found to be hiehe dal:har from air-cured tr?ea (Liear and Burier), it uas felt that the hishar level If suc·ars in tie flue· cured tobaccos could explain the iarner amount of renucinS s~lhsrancp.a in the smoke, To test this hypothesis, most of the sar,att in the san?le of flue-cured tobacco vere removed by yeast fermentation, Both untreated and yeast-treated flue-cured tobaccos vere dried, nnvdercd ant aei:Pd in c:pl:a::e t~:es, :ie 1P!:'s obtained l;ere elm!ned for OC:P· ;ricinr, ae:::!t~ as~ :ie:esu!ts obtained art nrcsested in i3bie i, From the results i: Yi!l be seer,:hat Ilithoucil there vAs a distinct drop in tie specific reCox activities, it did not ernctlv ?Atel!c::~r removal of supa:, but the activities did anProaEh those obtained for air-cured tobaccos vith respect to IIC:P reduction, A similar reduction in specific DClP- reducing activitr was obtained using tie Ilnfdant!'!rd yeast or when cells oat harvested from the tobacco extract medium, Cells gwn in the latter medium imnart to the "fammtlnr" tobacco a desirable arena, and aarar to retard mould z:ovth in the tobacco (10), It should be nninted out that the TP!I values from ycast-rrcarld fluc·curd tobaccos are distincrlv hthe ti~an those from untreated flua·eurrd tobacco, The reason for the increase in RV is nor kedfarely anpatent and the presence of this uncontrolled variable reduces the predictive paver of the experiment , The failure of rust ferPentation to orovide a clear-wt anBuer to the contribution made by tobacco Sugars to the nedo; pro- parries of the smoke, forced us to look for alternative vavs of tr ~ovinF 6uPlrsl Solvent extraction aoFeared to be one Eand alternative. Consequently, flue-cured tobacco extracted in (i) oater and (il) tOT "' 5 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Etbnnni in water, wee Grit, p0vdeld Inn moked in sprc~~lly ~ad~ cillre:te tubes, The nC!P-reduc!st le!ivl;ien of the 7P?'s nbtaincd frha the ~~okh pt these extrte:et loblecal be btm oonplred vilh unel:racrld Ilue-eure~ ~~blECO COndrNlle obtained under Idcntlnl ndnin~ conditlgs, F~OP the rl~ul:5 TrLrlnrld in rehla i it will be Jcen tnal the spec!fie erivtry of the T~! abtainfd frOlh the va~er extracted tobacco is nueh laser than the specific wrivlrlcr; of both ti~e ertianol extracted and control flue-cured tobaccos, 5tlcisrfc;ll analyses tave shown that the laser value obtained in rh:uf:i a:r: er::n::ed robac:s Ir !nCeed s!piilcn:, An snalvsfs of vat~at:e has sha~ rtat the specific activities are different It the i~ level of sirc:ficaaee and ~Jker'J test (11) shoved st vh:!e t~f:e uas no sisi!ielrnt difference heaeen the cthaJ ex- tracted and Control flue-cured tobaccos, the vater extracted tobacco vis distinctly lower than both the above mentioned Ilrpes~ Since both veast fermentation and vater extraction failed to lo!nt unequlvocallv to the sugars as the main sourer of reducinp v:iv!tt' !1 smoke, it became apparent that other compounds are ptr cursors~ In attcnptfn~ to find out which constituents of tobacco cave rise to teducinlt activity in smoke, the follouinfi treatments to tobacco cere tried and found to have no effect: (2) segucnri~l txrna:lor, with toluencl Iclrwe and aeh~nol. (b) Chlorofarm·authanol extraction of tobacco to remove total lipids. (e) ~ddftiw of a protein fraction otenad from flue-cured tobacco by vater extraction and (Nill)?SOb p~eciP~tat~0nl folloved by dialg~is~ (d) impregnation of flue-cured tobacco vfth (1) till 10X lurch, (iif) 202 sucrose, (iv) 202 glucose and (v] 22 PCEtlOl Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 :! ~aF 911:1rtFlls that a:ldi:ifn of :~" ~~lllenElf jl,~l DF Ff(Cr:. since hrth vrns;:cncntj:ion anil ste~ rxtmct~r: ~?ss:ln; I~~,IFr~rt~F reduclnr a;tili:v, It is Infsi~le that hn[~, thFSI :f~atlrEt~, dljlF rcsouinl sllc;lrsl Il~n tcS:lllrd in rrnn7a! ni nt!lrr Cfnnnllnl4, i~es(dr9 havije J~ rife:: on tile l:lrriiC~1 nltllfe of ;nh~ErO. alaF po65ihle r~at Plmle ip~ten~ati~n a: mt~aen vith s119?r is bn[ a suital~lr let!!nd of fudt!*" rhr imnor;Jnce of :i:F j~Etfr ~s a nreearsnr of tedae:nr ac:t~itv, Ire ontinucd le:aisrcnce of rrliuc:nr arri~it~ i? n~be is 5.i:p nf all i~P:fca:-Oltl; rfier:ei :e I:nve, ·Ilrcrr;Lei ~II~~ ~oi:re:ic -.a:er'.a:s act ~~ ceiir!nr", i!fl;ce!ial:sr 3lal Iflnln?Rv he tile sec:ec ci aic'F :r:uc!n· Ic:!~itv. ~rie~ ~ecr~ :envc.F e311 CRS vr:r ;-obt, anC ttcle ~~rr neb sl!ri:l· ht~i·t snpeiiit DdP· rcheinr activities than r]W flla-cur3 :obaeen. ?rird ?:ten tohaccr leaves navF values close f~ those O~t;l:a~~ far f!llP.ellrrl! :nbeen, PPve~er, til:ee I'IPCS Ei UEOd (nine,:ed cedar ~ad ilirel!), s~ebed in a siliL: ~r, cave vrnl h~clh RDeetfte reduein: activities (In, II anc' !.b ~es?ee:ivclv)~ ~!:ch ~nnd ncrsistentlr 91vr hfPh values in anire of PlhJUI~IVI extracrinn to renovP, cmpaundo eaerpt ePllldnse and IkaiJ. Eel finllv,nlered enoJ cellulose as ~cll;cd, only a trace of tar ad no le~n-rcdueinr aetivitv vV ObtainPd~ ThOE, in sr~:e of all the ahove studies, anlv indirect evidence h~~ heen nh· t~lncd that Ifenin and noslihrv the phenolics deri?m thaefmm con- ttihute epmidrra~lv to reduc~n~ activity of hnn~p, If reduc!nr ~c:sirv is ~ndlbd a nPa~llTC of Erinlv the ?he- nolie cmnn3s, thsn It khwld net Fe SU~:iS~nS (f re~luCinn ncti- vitY parallels tuner pro~Klt~nr aetivf~y Is assured in animal sv4tcns, Phenolic eonPautdfi have lone ~ecn inpliuted in tunor ~mMtin· ac- ~isitv (::) and in this connection it is intercstfnr. to note that Fnr, Duunt et a1, (13) have tecentl? Illm~ nronamceJ coeaelnnsmic Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 activity by eu#hol and the nona~einol(enlr aromatic ~~:oe~rbon~ pynnc, banso(e]pyrena, ed bmzolg,h,i,lpsrolanc, it nouse shin tests, The latter vorhn alao found that phenol had an inhibitory effect on bcnzo(a]p?cae carcinogenesis, Of interest is a recent report by Andenon lad liaPet (U) stating that pyroga110l was the nosr active wonil phmPlic canlpaunds tested, in producing E~ours during early Nicotiana hybrid seedling dtvcloprat, while Ihmor and atccholvcn inactive, Finally, of interest also is the report by Lwthrr C~ (IS) that apuaoua extracts of both ~Psphcrie pollutants and cigarette ~ke at well as phenol, stimplste the growth of Hecn~ephilua !nfluenPL, and this finding u! have importat bearings on the cauaea of chronic bronchitis, ne tffrct of gone Cifa#rL paraneters on Spoke Reducin~ ?roDerties (!) Strsad width - The ph!liol fon of the tobacco in the coobuation tent could be expected to ucrt la~w inflpcna on moke conposftion, Thl moat easily cop~rorr~d variable in cigarette ~muf~cture is Itrmd width, Conseouently, a inreatigatad how this paraneter influenced DCIr·tcdueing activity, eondensatas fret cismtlcl ude using tobaeal cut st 20, 56 and 105 cuts per inch were aXaiined for DCIP-reducing activity and fron the results presented in hble 3, it will be seen that no significant dfltrtlllecl between the arrand widths were noted, SidLrlg no significant differencel were found In going fret cut tobacco to gord tobacco, (3) "Puffed Tobacco" ~ha pllffed tobacco uaed in these cigarettea was prepared by the Rgolds G13 procass, This low density fon of tobacco, which ,,,B Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 is produced h~ eJusile us trapped vithin the tohaerr tn Pr~anl npld- Iv, us attracted e!aJiderahle attention. k'e have c·anlnJ the elirct of this ph),sical alteration of the tobacco on the nxil~tion state of condensates, Cigarettes containinn 50r and 1001 nuffed toh~een vere smoked, along vith control flue-cured cigarettes, and from reallts presented in T3ble I, it vill be seen that there vss no difference in the specific activities of the condensates, ?he total activity is ~ererp a function of the number of ouffs obtained, (3) Paler ooros!tv and bum control additives -- ~he intention of this experi::ent uas to neasure paper porc- Sit:: alone but since cigarettes vere available containing H:C11 or QO~, salts which are knovn to retard or accelerate canbtior,, the experimental design uas arranged to examine tie effects of poroRitv and additives ~fuluneodv, from the results of cnmnatisons made vith the DCIP reduction tests and s~nmnaritod in:ablP I, it vfll be seen that neither paper porolity nor salt apnlicatlon influenced the DCn-tedueinQ activities of the condensates. dr small differences seen vere not statistically significant, Redax Pronerties of condensates from I range of tobacco Products and tobacco tvnes ~r have alteadv reported that powdered ~ir·ented tobaccos vheo snFled in the form of cigarettes gave lover nCIP·rdacinr, ae- tivfties than powdered [lurcorcd vhen motd under identical con- dirions, ha put of our continuing; effort at ideneifvfny tohaccn rakes of nosslble lov biological activity, Ve decided fn look at other t!pcs of tobacco as veil as products by the DCIp test. Indian ef~ateetcs Cigarettes in India vary considerably in price, the most Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 expensive being, the ones made cxcludvclv from flue-cured Vfrpfnia tobacco, Cheaper brands are made from liltu, a country, sue-cured tobacco grown in Ldhra endcsh, blended brands presunahle contain different amounts of flue-cured tobacco blended vith air-eured lJhire aurre! or the sun-cured latu~ Cre have exantned several brands of Indian cigarettes by the 11CIP·rrsr and found that a regular flue-cured brand CaldfLke, (n01 3) gave DCIP-reducinl activity L~UP1 to tbat obtained for Canadian flue-cured brands (see Table 6), Char Jinlr, i brand made exclusively from Haru tobacco gave the lowest values, The others, Pills (regula: and i;lngs) and panama gave intermediate values indi· eating that these cigarettes are made from tobacco blends, Snolrers of Char ~inar show great brand preference and would never pitch to flue·curad cigarettes, Sun-cured tobacco poke has conlfdcnbr! lower reducing activity than flue-cured tobacco smoke, together with a distinct flavour, india bidis india "bidirn were smoted on i piprs~oklng machine devised in this laboratory, Sooting involved taking a JS mi, puff of 2- lecod duration every 10 seconds, live bidis and regular flue-cured cigarettes were smoted to butt length of approximately ZS a and 30 re respectively, and the bn'a collected on weighed Cambridge pads, ?he vapour phase (R) was collected in spiral condensers coaled to -70'G, The standard cigarette L~OkiP~ machine set UP for taking a 2 second puff nrltgdnute vaa found unsuitable for bidi smoldng on account of inability to keep the bidL lighted, The DCI~·rlducinr Activity in both the TP~ and vp was determined by the Ip~crrophotb metric nethod described earlier (1), The results obtlined are pra· sented in Table 7. ,,,10 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -iP Fret the resulte pracnred in the table It vill he #cn that all the bidf btmds and the etendard oigerettea have aitdLt DCIP-rcdueing rttvities, arrhough the wci~hu of the bidil are onl! abwt 30·102: thou of standard cigarettes, the TPf( rubs are high indiutinff contribution bit the wrepper leaf, nnly about half the sight of the bidi L Mdr up of tobaceo aI Eo~p*a to 951 by vafght of tobacco in the ciptrttl, It dll oLo he seen that I large ~ounr of poilture acoennlatea on the CunbridgL pea in hill ~okfny, DCI~-teducta( ~ctivitt in the t~,~, it iou as in titarettee, ~rme~ cieatettee b treat dal of publioit9 ho been given French cfqanrtcs Pade flop dp~~ ferPUlfed tObeCeo1 Vith ~lliP1 being Pade in the popular press t~ut these wto lover in total ~lhlPidt end "biolodeal actfvft!" (U)I Coolequcndrl w PoPaidered theIe intaraatint froe the point of deteroining reducing ectiritiea of their ~aah Eoodeneatea, which, ee uill he aeen fta Table 8, are aPch Iwr theta obtained for lit- end flu~·eatad ~obwFo sillu#t#l and Ipprawhfnl those obtained for ~eripue tebaeco sigarettee (eee Table 10], tartuee end other rrcm l#f cfgarcttae health I~otH, both in Canada end the V,S,, have been #llinlt lettuce filter se veil at lantholated lettuce eillarettee for eaa Tears nov, and it fo IPrpridng that theee ciyntta continue to be sold in spite of their being free of nieotiae, ~hv~ eigaettcl are aade free IbttpCe leaPee that hare beLP ferPented bT)patented prOeeel (17)1 ID exuinltiw of eondeneatee fm bR eigarettee gave reeulta prumtrd in Table 9, The table eleo reeorde DCI~·r~ducfng valuea for green tobeeco ae veil u beeeh lemee vt~ich bL been dried, pwderad and ~o~rd in CigarettetlbeI, Yhile the green tobeeco and beeeh eiltrettae tave VI1UeI ElOle to those obtained for regular flu~c~rtd eilarattes, the Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·11- lettuce d?utrtls, FrcsuMhly on account of the fcncntatfon step that is wflpycd in their manufacture, gave distinctlr lover values. DerPrcdurSn activitv of miscellaneous robeeos smoked in citarrtte form ae tobaccos Ianined in this exneriment included Turkish tobacco, which L a sun-cured tobacco that is put through 1 sap of fermentation when it develops its delightful aroa, and a blend of Burle! and dark airsurcd tobaccos (seferred to a Blend 1 in Table 10). Also eranined as Patfpue, which is unique in that after afr-enrinl i: is rde to undergo 1 fermentation which gives it a rich fragrant aroaa and 1 aoke that is believed to be aooth to the taste (1B), I, yust, Lnsnul~ snoonk, dominates the late stage of farmeotation and is believed to be ipottlor in producing the cLnftcrisric fragrance of kriqw tobacco (19), t;han the condensates are uramined for reducing activity, all three shoad considerably lower specific #IloitiLs as is cle~rl~ denonstrated in Table 10, indeed, the DCn-ICdUClnR CtiYit? Of Pcdquc is the losat a have ever recorded far any tobacco rapoked in cigarette fon, Two samples of Peripr are examined, one of which had been granulated ad the other, obtained a a moisture content of 10,12, as d:Ld end povdand in the laboratory, Both ~plu of larique gnr verv low neI~-rlducfng activity, hoaver, the granulated sample appears to give higher TPh values, In the opinion of this author, it would be worthwhile investigating the biological activity of these tobtccoa, plrt~euhrl! Padguc, in both short· and lonR·tm biological tests in anilr, as ~hL1 Be conaietently given lover values in tests designed to mtaua ~olrr rnettpit? (1,20), These fermented tobaccos, in which Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·!2· conliderlbls biPcbinl c~ungn hrur bctn Jloutd ~o oeror pelrat ,Ihq eoaa~~r to rlu~-c~ted robrc~ in which ~uch cbnlrl Irt IlnlaPi, b~l~ Irrll~d b! npld drlin$~ ?hiO info~ti0n ~br~inrd vphuble in deidiog vh~t fram biploliCnl r~~tl b ~nia~ls u? P'W' kiad of cLa~~ IhODld bC LI~C~ fO~ iP ~hC plDelllfPI ~f tobceo u V1U,, in thr r~nuhcfurr of rtcPnl~i~u~cd $"I~ Fi~ull!l line~ ~IReL~d vfth ~hbl thC]r rbaa toblecol ~lr*d! 1UVL It~td ItOn~l ~ubstitutal, dwign~d dir tind ull in bl~ndfnl vith naudr rob~ccl tP 10VLf biB1OB~O1 IC~L~~I bllt UC clu,ct~ri~~tialll popr it Bnokiag qullitl~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 CMICUSIONS In conclusion, i: mrg be stated thpf by rmplP!inll a simple technique for Peeruring reducing property of tabeeco ~oh, va have coilecced valuable data on the eourca of reducing activity, and ahovn that it is wiabrl for atldliall cigarette paraaeters ed products vith altered eonbu#ion, Shrse studies, along vith the cx~i~utioa of niecellaneous tobacco products, ahould prove valuable in designing the cigarette of the fuatr~ Th~ t*hnipuc has also been applied to elucidating the role of the de of rwotfng on reducing activity and this vfll be the subject of I future report, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I~nea i, hL Ylbdl ·1 LL 1LI~. Il~a I~~Y*rL, 5 tl 1911. (S(( IJ11. Ill~neh I~ot~ I~ n~ ilr~ Ho~, 231 1370), i, L, ldn, ~~, ~I L14 1)LL ~ LL b·l· ~ L bn·, *~ kd~ '"d ··de? LI~, Suppll, 136, 1961, 6, ~b CIrrr ~d If, Ihill~l~ I~turq ~ 11L 1911~ 7. h~ Irl·l bLlrq Lh Ipk~~Lli~~L i, IlrL, ~ 1013, 1910, ~Lt. lie~·l f~, IIPL Irla, pllYllr~., ~ 14 19~ bl UIL ~ld Ipl L 81 ~; id a sr ), L )I[IL Thl lcthOdl P1 Cllldlll Ehdlt~, bd ~II CLC 10, ~11, lil~rk~ Onpubllshrd ~r~· D, C,u, Sn~leP1, Sutiltiolw~hds Ithd,e ~lrR Suit blllll hill, ~III 1~1 1)5(1 n. LL ~~I ·1L L~IL B~n ~ gLco ~tr r~LI ~ ~absol cl~cLoll~clf~ IcJde kll~ 1~~ lid Ln,, 19171 1~ Lr~ flP b~l LJ )d~ Eolllehllt, f ~tL CI1~ II~~, ~ 103, 1973, ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni 14, R,A, AodrtsPn spd to I~onLy, Ahltnet 194, h~rr, Chm, Set, LetinE, Chleslle, I11,, AuB1 26·31, 1973, 1S, p,J, Lvther, T,R, ~wrson and F,W, O'Credl, Irit, J, Die, Chest, ~ 45, 19691 16, bris Hitch, 30 Sept, 1912, 17, P,C, lorigLP, F,S, intent 3,106,209, Oct, 8, 1963, 18, B,C, AkLhPrSf~ rObsCEOI IaP~iasl Crcen snd eo, ltd,, IOPdOfi, 19681 19, 'I, htsumo~o, H, Sonede, K, (Ihtaan and 1(, Rilidl, fteee, h?eel, See, fpl, ~1 791 1971, 20. n,H, Itlfmork, J, jDhp~0P, X,li, gilbct, 9, Sdnellcr ~od I.I. CrPn~dt, Bdtr, hb~kfPneh,, i, 1SB, 1973, ~Sct I,r~~.l. Rrle9rch Report lol 1381 lseued Get, 6, 1972), Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 TABLE 1 Pen-Rmueroe nerrvm aF aA,slr-nurm RtlE~URE~ TOBACCO Ut, of da SuRa Contanl BeLP tlductior tdbscco T~H fta i Specific #rlvitF 5 eiglrattrl BcdufiDg TOd "Units per pi, TRI (pp) Prue-eured r01,9 23,2 23,8 f,17 control Yust·tre~tcd 196,7 4,9 5,D 5,34 21 hours Yust·traJtcd 179,1 3,4 3,9 I,L1 9b hours C) N W Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~P2 DCI~-~ler)G APnItfZI I w~rm a 701 E~IWIL rmu~ roueos Eil~rlrt~l frr Pt, pI 1~ k, af pffl Ea-r~Pc~l ~Et~itl' p~ sylci~fe lethi~ I eilulttl~ clt~r~rr~ 'Pnit~' pa II, (4) ~tlr I~nctld 12~,1 10 r,al f$l~pta roblfco tP crbrol 10l,t U 7.2) lar~ctd fL~rJ t~brc0 tllrf~t~ 11,4 D 7,Y Clltol ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni rUU 3 ~~ or ~c~o rr $Dt IPIFI1~ IRIl~n P e~Cltmt ~ eor~sm lft~ ddrh 4, of Ig rI~t~lcbl Df tOblCEO· ~ fr· Il~c~le ~el~it~ Cutl plr ~ch 5 eillrl~tr bE) ~1 plr ~, r~pC~ yr ~~ ~t ~CI 1~ ~II I#A W I~I ~II JI11 1~ 2tl ~32 31~1 ~Lt"r'l 20,r 7,04 310,~ Cb~ck 13 (151 ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni YI ~u e n ~o u ~PO~* 15 IP1 n O u0C H h O ul n n ~t 110 ul; H n a ChN e~e h uu 01 n lo ~Y O h ~n I)L II h n m OuP h N h U~ e h * IU r: e *LIV~ I t O~Lv(q h C '~ I; s ;E:ie, 13 OY I* L u ec r: CEIP U e I n C t~ to E s ttt d H n n Cr~ a F ;X Y YI IIIC Y tLlbl r; n L' ~6U n b n~h9 L L*er re C EE3* r n ;F Y ID C O ess c: J IPI U *Eh C Y*e~ * Z 3CI* oout 9 ci h O P· ;~Oe H~ ~ul* LY ru Cu r y Clr 01 ~O * *I ~u at 0:* FLU Y p Y D Y *C u y * OV Y u L u ~ uc u I~ p r0 O ~5 n ~u Y ~O n e LU O C n * O N CIJ C Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 t~BtE Z ~rrar Or rAPaR ~OM)SITI AM) 5~f ~SnlU~ION ON perr REouerrar 57 GIellREm RIOB eorm~s~ Silt ~ppliel~ion Sprcifir De~I~·l~dpeln~ letivlt? - 'Unltl' pa r TP~ hplr potollty - Cnincr ~Konds 61 IS 1S 5; ascl2 Slow buminff 6,53 7,34 I,ll 2; ascl2 ~edi~m bumtng 6,60 6.80 6,!5 2! ~Oj Int burnfnR 6,73 1,16 PLra'~ 7,77 7,19 6,69 ehLei u Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 MBIE 6 oen·RfDverwe ACfIVrn of ~Dus CIQRfflES %t Dr)r DCIP-lcducinB ~etivi_tv vl, wt, ad. of of of per cent pu!fl lotal "pnitlw Specific Brmd tu tar loll on per #tiv~tv- (pg,J bg,) drTing cigt, vP fRI "Unitl" par ng~l Pleyer'J 136 122 10 9 20 812 6,66 check 13 will-filter, 133 I1t 13 9 12 620 5,33 teguk A1Us-filrrt, 167 148 12 ii 22 708 4,80 ~insl GPrd I~Lkc- 146 132 10 10 22 952 7,72 filtu, I(ingl Plrurm U1 118 11 9 23 577 6,118 ehet Yi~r 1(3 127 11 10 12 191 3,89 ~he tar weights md tout dirflia are par I eigarc~tol, C) N W 0\ N N Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 11; Co~ ·I·1 I 1 3 YI 11 O J?~~ """'" puLu r Y 11 10 1 PIC* c h15 nH98n I L~ i u ux8 o 0 n H 7 hhhl0h 1 ·I I·l)u 1 u 11111 I V UoC I lour I: E 1uU D 1 vl a 1I I I L 1 U L~ O I El P:·l n**CI U w IU FI~*nh 1 0 uI I n H PI n H 1 C ·I~ L I 1*1 1 O 1 311 E u 111 I*h 8 n ~p 11 n u YL· dd L~ U11 11 11 ii L~I *~44rl ii YOS L~O *E. :: ~ n a OCC In 1 , * A i rl*~ru* 1 1' d o c d e 31·1 r f; 31101111 C C*POn I r D hl0l0*n 1 OC nHnun 'Y ddddd ulE 331 a ~u u O*u L *ug~~ PI O m F1 U Oo~rre to e 11 YI 6 aPiti 11 n ~ a 1 ,OI *rlrl ~ uoe~~ d d d d U 3u1u* u U Y 300 1I 1 nng ID O O~rl n N a n n n m O * ;95s ddd D 3PU* e In L~ C 1 11 ID I I 1 ·I I 1 I rl u Y~ r ~ I E aII I > 1 OU 1 C * p *C a P a a no C] IV Cr: N IrJ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 WtE I D~IMIE~~ ncrlvm 01 ~Q eI~~t LI wt Ilr crt h, of Defl-tllleilt ~Eti~it~ k·l of tr of tr 10111 )Iffl (It) rotol "uoitt" S,leiIic 61) d~il Ilr cilt prr cfp, ~sr~irr "Ooirs" ptr a n I~tct~ 117,7 101,5 1 1 82~ 1,19 ~6~ 11 C111L 16,1 17,5 11 10 161 2,01 fll:ll, Moll C~loilr 14,0 71,3 f 1 244 3.11 nbf9trr, rrpllr edoi~c- 17,6 6 t 114 Z,J~ ~iltll- tlrJllr citII- 11,7 12,5 t 6 261 2,95 o~·tiltlr, rlpl~r bit~,· 11,3 35,0 t 160 1,91 IPr~~ rlpllr eol:!Puc- 113,6 104 1 29? 2,11 rcpllr P O N P ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni scP·a~ Mnn a eomncr~ tmvct m ~m gn luvls ael~fi~s Cil~rrttl lier wt, ~ t, Ir cat Ho, oi #~~·rdlcil ~ctitr~tl oi or Of Irt lQrlOr ~fl lool '·itl' I~w~f fr· tra drriPI )I c4t Icr c~lt I ciltl 5 tile' ~dt~' (It) (at) tt~r 1),) 51,1 19 L 240 1,21 3l91r tcrrucc- 11,7 12 1 211 1,06 latlol Or9m 53,2 32,1 1 9 312 1,35 lob~eeo Ierchlunl 36,3 35,3 3 17 213 1,02 Ilr~t~ 121,6 109,1 10 1 106 7,37 to~teo O N P ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni r0 pu 4 O U IP~ m r; ·6 O11 O n o * *Y1 * e o 511 II n~J * D ul O 0 0 * c~r · n ~ d *u O Or I C * ,(I I I O d ~ i IC II I I O uurie L 011'3 " n rlD11 r O I rCIU~I *~O CC 019 n lul /,, * n Ihrll n n h " 3L1l E M ]~Pul* [(~ n 4 * 1 SE d 1* 9 ~ Llh 00L t I O u= M J; D )L n Fl O plo * e x ~uen EO*V I 1 9 * 4 ,rlr c X IL L* n M 9 ~Cu n M Suen )O*V gu LI~ Lg~ I n LUIEG · " I er Ipp~_ uOCs" 3ul,Y * :10 * **MO n n tPL q Y J I* C II t~ 1 90 1 r O~ ie 1O 1~*010101~ Ip lu 17 *e r( ~lu LL 15 i :u *1 0C ,0 O* Ir IDI O C) N 6 N ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni C N Irl 0\ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111