BATCo, TECHNOLOGY CENTRE REPORT PROFORMA Report No, Report Type: Project Technical Project No, iojs FILTCY li~N'F~ ReportTitle:'ThE ~li C~ C41~j~nh16 PJiF VD~I~E` a~L$ ~i~l_Chl ;rl~ hf~Phn~j~ir~~~N; fi~nlBS bi i·lut~- r~,n~lriS O d~e reference: Ilh ii n 01; t ALIMOR: C3.S113?c~ CZ] Figures (for external preparation) REVIEWEWSECTION LEADER: C04YORKERS: Figures (cornputer drawn) ISSUER: hi~.~Wnih~ic~ ~ Photographs DISTRIBUTION: (Determined by Issuer) GAR (~), RRB jl), Utarl(2), IMERNAL jSouthampto~SlaineslWoking)........,.................,....~~.,~~~ EITERNAL · CAC UST (tick as required): Ilswlzl i IPJD111 i j SRM_J1) ) IER~L j /EK_L~L7 I UP de Srll i IE~11 I IH~lil)~ 1 ITIWI11 j E(TERNAL·BATCc. UST, YeslNo, If yes, lick list as required on reverse, Signature I Date i Oate~ I Authod I Ope j irsuar I O;I; i Recaed Returned Reviewer /Oranlw (U-c·13 ITyping Index ;renns !Prepare ~Ellaler :Coneclioos ·Issue Ms prPlaoP n ahndM lp hdUl mo Plhl PH p~ppn~~ olsAtCo t~ehno~xn Cm~ R~om ~#n IIH IYP~P1PI Ihpl uns OI~ nC~r bq Ipravla uW inwd, Th~ pm~cnn~ tnhW os ~mm~n~4 II me brm Of IhB inilial 3p~ a~ o#xwnpony Ihs lypesuipt N End m~JC LlploenaMI aIall lub~Pwnrlgn Il ~nvMb~ unr b Gm~1 Il~mmS wllhOllYl~~wn~oduR~pwllti~Md. ~h Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 BATCo OPERATING COMPANY DISTRIBUTION LIST No. 1 leaf Prod'n Prod Dev I Lab Mor Gap Finland Mana Netherlands Swbedand Cameroon Ghana liberia MalaNi Mauritius Sierra Leone South Africa Zaire Zimbabwe Cananes Chile I Venezuela Guatemala Costa Plea Honduras I Nicaraoua Panama Salvador Bart~ados I Guvana I Sunname irinidad Banoladesh Hona Indra India (VST) Indonesia Malavsia I Pakistan I I Sinoapore : I : i Sri Lanka New Zealand I Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 tHE EFFECT OF CHANGING PUFF VOLUME AND FILTER VENTILATION LEVEL ON THE NFDPMINICOTINE RATIOS OF F1UE·CURED CIGARETTES ~ECHNICAL REPOR'T NO:'T,256 12 JULY 1993 DISTRIBUTION: Mr, G,A. Read Mr, T,F, Riehl 2 Dr. R.H. Honeyeun 3 Dr, E. Kausch 4 MI, W, tapf 5 Dr, C,J,P, de Siqueira 6 Dr, P,J, Dunn 7 Dr. S,R. Massey 8 Mr, i,l, Wilson 9 Mr, E, Giant 10 Mr, H,V, Thomsen 11 Dr, T, Hirji 12 Mr, W, Bizon 13 Library 14 Library 15 Q 1993 BAT Co, ltd. Do no~ ropy or thew to unlud~ori~cd personl C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Technology Cenlre, British·American Tobacco Co, ltd,, SOUTHAMPtON CJSIB'TM THE EFFECT OF CHANGING PUFF VOLUME AND FILTER VENnl4nON LEVEL; ON THE NFDPMJNICOTINE RATIOS OF FLUE·CURED CIGARETTES TECHNICAL REPORT NO: 1,256 12 JULY 1993 AUTHOR: C,J. SHEPPERD ISSUED BY: A.G, STEPHENSON COPV NO, ~ 1993 BAT Co. Ltd. Do not copy or Ihow to umuthon'lcd pmonr · .C1 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Technology Centre, British·Ameriean Tobacco Co, ltd., SOUTHAMPTON CJSWTM 12 JULY 1993 THE EFFECT OF CHANGING PUFF VOLUME AND FII~ER VEN'I1IA'TION LEVEL DN THE NFDPMINICOflNE RAflOS OF F1UE·CURED QGARE~TTES TECHNICAL REPOR~ NO: T,256 SUMMARY: The effect of changing puff volume from 35 to 70 mi (2 second duration) on the tarlnicotine (TIN) ratio of 6 US blended cigarettes was recently reported. There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the observed small increases in T/N ratio and filter ventilation level. However, the filter ventilation range across the six products was low (8 to 16 ~i, giving rise to some unce~ainty about the observed effect. This report extends this previously reported study, by assessing the response of five-cured (or modified flue-cured) cigarettes to the same puff volume change, and also extends the filter ventilation range. The first experiment used 4 ilue·cured cigarettes, chosen to represent this sector, and included a low delivery product, a lowto middle tar cigarette and two full flavour cigarenes~ These products were smoked at both 35 and 70 mi puff volumes 12 second duration) and the T/N ratios for the resulting condensate determined. A second experiment, also described in this report, considers the role of filter ventilation in greater detail by using State Express 555 Filter Kings, ventilated in the range 0·608, The TIN ratios were determined for these products at 35 and 70 mi puff volumes as above. In both experiments, the results obtained were consistent ith those found in the previous iUSB) study, ie for the unventilated products, there a were no significant differences between the TIN ratios of smoke generated OrC~ 0 1993 BAT Co, ltd. Do not copy or thew to u~~uthoriscd persons Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill at the two puff volumes. However, for those cigarettes with some level of filter vent larion, the magnitude of the difference in T(N ratios obtained at the two puff volumes appears to be related to the level of filter ventilation. The greater the level of ventilation, the greater was the increase in the TIN ratio on changing from 35 to 70 mi puff volume. This effect is shown to be due to a reduction in the TIN ratio, as ventilation increases, at the lower puff volume rather than any effect at 70 mi, In fact, at 70 mi, the nN ratios for all levels of ventilation were basically the same. Implied in this last finding is that whilst filter ventilation does indeed reduce T/N ratios of tobacco smoke, it appears to be only the ease at low effective puff volumes, less than 35 mi, Since in the human smoking situation, the smoker may take puffs somewhat greater than 35 mi, the expected fall in flN ratio · and the possibility of an associated sensory enhancement to impact etc · may not oecu~~ INDM TERMS: Puff Volume Tar Nicotine Ratios Cigarette Brands Ventilation Silk Cut KS Benson & Hedges SM Benson a Hedges Si State Express Q 1993 BAT eo. Ird, no not copy or Iho~ to uFluthcn'nd pvronl C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 INTRODUCfON A previously reported study (II considered a suggestion that the i/N ratios for Philip Morris products are less subject to change, when puff volume is increased from 35 to 70 mi, than competing brands, This work used two PM Marlboro variants (from the US and German marketsl and four other products; Richland (USI and Lucky Strike (Germanyi, manufactured by BAT companies, and Camel (US and Germany), both R J Reynolds products. All six products came from the US Blended, full flavour seeto~~ The findings of this earlier work demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the TIN ratios at the two puff voiumes, and that this was the case for all six products tested. The small differences that were found could be accounted for by differences in the level of filter ventilation between the products · all six cigarettes were ventilated at a low level (8 ·16%)~ It was concluded, therefore, that Philip Morris brands do not show any unique characteristics in respect to their TIN ratio elasticity · at least within the full flavour sector. This current study extends the comparison to flue cured cigarettes, over three delivery ranges, In an initial experiment, four products were examined; Silk Cut KS, B&H Special Mild KS and 8&H Special Filter KS, all manufactured by Gallaher, and B&H Special Filter K5, produced by BAT, In addition, a second product set was designed to examine, in more derail, the role of filter ventilation in any effect that puff volume may have on the subsequent TIN ratios. For this second experiment, a single, unventilated full flavoured flue·cured product was selected (State Express 555 Filter Kingsi which was subsequently laser ventilated to give a range of ventilation levels, from 0·6096. In this way, all other variables, such as blend and filteripaper type were kept constant across the sample set. METHOD Sample preparation Experiment 1 The four commercial cigarettes ISiik Cut etc.) were unpacked and stored under standard conditions (200C and 60% PH) for at least48 hours, prior to smoking, The level of filter ventilation for each of the four products was determined using a Filtrona ventilationlPD tester. The values obtained are included in Tables 1 · 4 and are the means of 20 randomly selected cigarenes from each batch. a Q 1993 BAT to. Itd, Do nor copy or Ihow to unwthoriad pcnoa Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill Experiment 2 Batches of the pooled State Express 555 FKs were ventilated using a Hauni LLP100 Lab laser, to give ventilation levels of 15, 30, 45 and 6056, as measured using a Fiitrona venrilationlPD tester - plus unventilated control cigarettes. These cigarettes were also stored under standard conditions for at least 2 days prior to machine smoking, Analytical procedure The methodologies employed in this work were exactly as reported previously (1), i,e, cigarenes were smoked on a Borgwaldt AM20 smoking machine using 35 and 70 mi puff volumes 12 second puff duration) and the smoke condensates collected on pre·weighed Cambridge filter pads, These pads were re·weighed after smoking and immediately placed into dry conical flasks, prior to submitting them for routine determination of nicotine and water by GC, From the results obtained, tar (NFDPM) deliveries were calculated and hence the T/N ratios were derived for each of the products, at both puff volumes. RESULTS Experiment 1 The results of this study are presented in fables 1 - 4, which show the level of filter ventilation and delivery data, along with the changes in TIN ratios that occurred when puff volumes were increased from 35 to 70 mi, These changes are also presented graphically in Figure 1, Experiment 2 The results of this experiment are presented in Tables 5 · 9, showing delivery data and changes in TIN ratios obtained when puff volume increased from 35 to 70 mi, Once again, these changes are also presented graphically, as Figure 3. CONCLUSIONS Experiment 1 Although no statistical tests were performed on the data, it is clear that two of the products tested showed no significant changes in the 7lN ratios when puff volume was increased from 35 · 70 mi, Both of these products Ithe two B&H Special Filter cigarettes) were unuentilated, The other two samples showed significant increases in the TIN ratio of 16,296 (Silk Cut) and 8,42 iB&H Special Mildl, These two products were a ventilated at 46 and 31% respectively, These findings are consistent with O the results presented in the earlier study using US Blended cigarettes II)~ Q 1993 BAT Co, ltd. Do not Eopy or show to unauthorised persons Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill A graph of this data, along with data from the previous USE study, is included in this reporr (Figure 21. Experiment 2 The role of filter ventilation is further confirmed by the second experiment described in this report,,for the unventiiated cigarette, there is clearly no significant difference between the TIN ratios obtained at the two puff volumes. However as ventilation level increases, so the differences in ilN ratio of smoke delivered at the two volumes increase (Figure 31~ Incidentally,lhe magnnvde of the differences bbtained in both experiments described in this repon are consistent (See Silk Cut and B&H Special Mild data · ventilated at 46 and 31% respectively · and compare with the results for State Express 555, ventilated at 45 and 300b), Also, it is accepted that the levels of filter ventilation quoted have been determined using a ventilation tester that was calibrated with the assumption that the flow rate was 17.5 mlimin i,e, equivalent to a standard 35 mi, 2 second puff. The flow rate achieved during the 70 mi puff is obviously double this figure, which will tend to give same increase in the absolute values of ventilation, Throughout this, and the previous report, the data has been presented as a percentage change in the flN ratio, when puff volume is increased from 35 to 70 mi, This is largely because this was the form taken by the original data, as presented by BATCF. However, in this format it is not possible to identify how the change in TIN ratio is taking place, Figure 4 shows the data from the second experiment in an alternative form, and it is instantly obvious that the T/N ratio of smoke drawn with a 70 mi puff volume is not effected by the level of filter venrilation, However, at a puff volume oi 35 mi, ventilation has a marked and significant effect on the TIN ratio of the resulting smoke. These findings wholly support the conclusions and suggestions presented in the earlier USE report, in that this TIN ratio effect only occurs at effective puff volumes though the rad 61 less than 35 mi. increasing ventilat0n reduces the puff volume jthe efiective puff volume) drawn through the tobacco rod, at a constant puff volume applied to the cigarette~ Therefore, it might be expected that the same, or similar effect may be seen when an unventilated cigarette is smoked with an applied puff volume of less than 35 mi. A previously reported study that used plain cigarenes.and a wide range of puff volumes, agrees with this suggestion (2). Filter ventilation is often claimed to be an effective way of decreasing the T(N ratio of tobacco smoke. This is deemed to be an important way of increasing those sensory attributes of tobacco smoke that are mediated by nicotine, notably impact, particularly with respect to lower delivery products. Whilst it is true that filter ventilation will have the effect of j O 1993 BAT Co.ltd. Do not cepy w show to uautheriicd pcnoe Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill decreasing the TIN ratio, the evidence presented in this report suggests that this is only likely to occur at machine smoking puff volumes of 35 mi. In the human smoking situation, panicularly in the case of smokers moving from full flavour products to lower delivery cigarettes, puff volumes may be greater than 35 mi - possibiy in the region of 50 to 70 mi or more. However, in a highly ventilated cigarette, there may still be a T/N benefit with these higher puff volumes, provided the effective puff volume is below 35 mi, Even so, the benefit will be less than that quoted at 35 mi puff volume. With this in mind, it should be noted that any sensory advantage, in terms of decreases in flN ratio, may be lost or markedly reduced, due to the effect described above, REFERENCES 1, BAT Report No,'T249, 15~01~1993, 2 BAT Report No, RD,2105 22,02,1988, O 1993 5AT Co, ltd, Do not copy or~how to u~ud~ori~ed pulolu C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 EX~ERIME~T 1 :FO~R CD#MERCIAl F1UE·C~RED PRODUCTS TABLE 1 CIGARETFE : SILK CUT KS (Gallaher) ventiiotion = 461 PUFF VOLUME 35 mi 70 mi REPLICATE 2 3 2 3 PUFF NUMBER 9.03 8,87 9.?7 7.90 7,47 7.71 TPM (melcid I 8,19 1 8.51 7.78 15.97 16,34 16.45 WATER (mclcie) ( 0,54 1 0,15 0.09 1,60 1,31 NICOTINE (melcid 1 0.90 0.96 0,91 1.46 1,54 1.55 NFDPM (m,olci~) 6.75 7.40 6.18 12.91 13.49 13.50 NFDPMINICOTINE 7,50 7.71 7,45 8.84 8,76 8.71 MEAN NFDPMINIC. 7.55 f 0.14 cov·I.S9b 8.77 f 0.07 cov=0.SZ 46 fhan,0e in NFDPMINIC when pff 163% vol. inc. from 35·70 mi TABLE 1 gGARmZ : B & H SPECIAL MILD KS(Gallaher) vent, = 31% PUFF VOLUME 35 mi 70 mi REPLICATE I 1 1 2 3 2 3 PUFF NUMBER 8.35 8.43 7.31 1,20 7.06 TPM (msicin) 11,15 10.73 10.71 21.3? ?1.08 21.35 WATER (melciC) 0.49 0.33 0.31 3.34 2,86 3.03 NICOTINE (melcie) 1 1.09 1.OS 1,07 3.73 1.71 1,76 KFDPM (me,ci) 9.57 9.32 9,33 16.?j 16.51 16.56 ~FDPMMICO~INE 8.78 8.63 8.72 9,?1 9.65 9.41 MEAN NFDPMINIC. 8.71 ~ 0.OS cov=0.9n_ ) 9,44 f 0.19 cov=!.046 Z chan,oe in NFDPMINIC when puff 8,4% vol, inc, from;5·'70 mi Q 1993 BAi Co, ltd, 00 not copy or thew to ur~uthorisld pcoonr u Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 TABLE 3 QGAIIETIE : B & H SPECIAL LlLTER KS (Gallaher) vent e 0% PUFF VOLUME 35 mi 70 mi REPLICATE 2 3 1 I 1 2 3 PUFF NUMBER 7.28 7.36 7.24 6,28 6,07 6.04 TPM (mrlcip) 1 14.85 ]4.98 14.08 25.56 24.57 26.02 wATER (me,cid 1 1.2? I,S1 1,10 490 4.61 4.93 NICOTINE (melciR) 1 1.25 1,26 1,21 1,91 1,80 1.98 NFDPM (meleia) 1 12.38 11.85 11.77 18.75 18,16 19.11 NFDPMINICOTI~E 9.90 9,40 9,73 9l82 ID~09 9,65 MEAN NFDPMINIC, 9.68+ 0.25 cov~2.69 9.85~0,2? covzUI 9b change in NFDPMINIC when puff 1.840 vol, inc, from 35=10 mi TABLE 4 CIGARE~TTE:B & H SPECIAL FILTER KS (BAT) vent = 0% PUFF VOLUME 35 mi 70 mi REPLICATE I 1 1 2 3 2 3 PUFF NUMBER 8.31 8.41 8,02 7,06 7,05 7,09 TPM (mslcic) 1 ]6.43 17,67 11.79 29,37 29,91 ?9,51 WATER (melcig) 1,39 1,51 1,65 5,50 5,35 5.48 NICOTINE (mgicie) 1 1.46 3.63 1.60 2.40 2,35 2.39 ~IPM (melcie) ) 13.58 14,53 13,54 21.47 2?,21 21,64 NFDPMINICOTINE 9.30 8.91 8.46 8,95 9.45 9.05 MEAN NFDPMINIC. 8.89 t 0.42 cov=4.'146 9.15 ·1 0.26 cov·?.9R g, change in NFDPMINIC when puff 2.9% vol. inc. from 35·'10 mi O 1993 BAT Co, Ltd, Do not eopy or show to unathorked pmonr C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ERERlwE~ : EFFEC~ OF FILTER VI~TI1AnOH TAI1E S SE 555 0I rra PUFF VOL~WE 35 mi 70191 REP1ICA~ 2 3 2 PUFF HCYBB 8,79 b43 tSt 7.34 7.05 7.44 TPM (I~dr) I&11 119 1~(1 3231 32,94 34.62 WATER (addd 116 230 191 630 7.52 131 h'lCOTlNE Ildd~ 139 1.59 18 239 2,44 Z.51 HFDPM Imddd 1115 1111 14,9t 23,08 2231 24.90 ~DPMI~IC~HE 9,53 9.50 9,36 9.66 9.42 9,92 MEAN M~PYIXIC, 9,46 t 0.09 I1=l~O~b_L~o~ 'Iochlnnein MFDPYIHl~r~apb wl ic bl 35·70 mi TUIE I SE 555 ISI vll PUFF VOIUYE 3511 70 mi REP1ICA~ 2 3 2 3 PUFF HUYBER 9.15 900 119 7,70 797 7.33 ~Y Ilvd!) 1696 1137 1635 3129 31.8 30.24 wATER Inddd 1.57 142 1.0 621 629 558 NlCOTlNF I~ddr) 153 156 1.53 2,40 2,40 2,27 HFDPM ladd~ 13.B6 142? 13.97 2?,69 23.11 22135 HFDPYIMIC~WE 9.02 9.11 9.13 9.45 963 9,S5 ~EAM HFDPUISIC, 9.09 f 0.06 cov=0,6Ih 9,64 i 0,20 eo~r2.DI I chlrlh MFDPYIH~;Ls Ilff LI~ vol. ic ~P 35-70 pi nllE7 SE555 30lver PUFF VOLUME 35 mi 70 mi REPllCATE 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 PUFF NULIBER 9,91 10.01 10.25 110 8.16 L32 R~ I~r~sl 14.76 14.ss 27.64 28.46 27.11 WATER (Iddd 1.45 139 1.30 533 5.79 5.44 h'lCOTlh'E ~add!l l.Q 1;38 1.38 119 134 2.16 NFDPM Imr~~l 1155 1203 12,22 20.19 20.47 20.10 NFDPMlPl'lCOTlNF 854 8.71 8%6 965 9.14 930 YEAK HFDPY,SIC. S~~ 't 016 cov· I~Z 936 f 0.26 a~·2~~ I~rfe~ HFDPw,HIC when pin 7,6% vol. b~ bo~ 35-70 mi d 1991 MT CD, ~d Do tar ton a ~~oI m loldallrd I,oaa ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni TABLE 8 SE 555 459; vtnr PUFF VOLUME ~~- I 35 rnl 1 70 mi REPLICATE r -1 I 2 1 3 1 2 3 PUFF NUMBER 10.68 10.00 10.00 8,74 8.54 8.49 TPM (mdcie~ I 11;77 ) 11.83_1 11.71 ( 15.15 J 24.78 1 24.85 WATER Implcie) 0~6~ 0.59 O·jS 3.38 3.47 3,15 NICOTINE Impkiel ( 1,22 1.?3 1.20 1.93 2.05 1,94 PIFDPM Imelci:) 9.92 9.98 9.95 19.89 19.!8 19.11 NR)PMINICOTINE 8.70 8.75 8.?9 10.30 9.40 10.16 MEAN NFDPMINIC, 8.58 f 0.25 cov=2'lo 9.95 10.48 cov=4,81b % change in NFDPMINIC when puff 16.0% vol. inc, From 35·70 mi TABLE 9 SE 555 ~Z vent PUFF VOLUME 35 mi 10 mi REPLICATE I I 1 2 3 1 1 2 PUFF NUMBER 11.00 11.13 10,93 9,33 9,00 9.00 TPM (me,cip) 1 9.06 8.35 9,19 20,30 21.00 21,11 WATER (melcip) 0.45 0.39 0.43 1.84 1 2.00 1.88 ~ICDnrJE Ime,cid 0.99 0,93 1,03 1,83 1,88 NFDPM (mr,cis~ 1 1.56 7.08 'f,74 16l75 17,17 17,34 ~FDPMINICOLlNE 7.64 '1.61 7.51 9.79 9,38 9,22 MEAN NFDPMINIC. 7.59 ~ 0.07 co~0.94t ( 9.46 i 0.29 eov=3.1Z 16 change in NFDPMMIC when puff 25.05 vol, inc. 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