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'. ~·d"~l~Fm~z~nk ,nY~iC~l ~J~P#11~9~:~&~e~F~)~3~~M e~J?,C~':'~'~Bp~St~U~c~~~4~.~' I i: i: ·:' ':ry "' ,i ~ I~~nolulo,··· ~· ·, 1: I~ I· Is' h ;IF ·t~:T~i~l·~ *·:·· I:Jli~.~·~-·YC~~~IY*u~i*Yl~b~;;~d~C*~il~·1 1 I·. O ,· !· · .i. ·..1.3· ?li"'· ··;~ '·· ~U ~-·: ·rr· : ·· U ·r·r: ..: · ,:· \D \O o\ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~S~C~ Y ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni RES~R~CTED BGTUKE RbD CENTRE APPLIED RESEXPO ~ DEYE!OPMECT STAfllS illYIEII NOTES Period ending December 1987 Ihis Coclnnt reviews all work at BAtKEE RaO Ctn;re, not covered by the Fundamental Research Programme, therefore, it is predominantly concerned with General Applied Research ~ Development activities - Work Area 70? and with the technical support provided to the non·CAC Operating Companies and Ilillbank Departments · Work Area 703, Distribution: Ho.l's of Operating Companies, For Information Mr, ~,L, Heard (7) Territorial Managers, Miltbank (3) ~ Ilut a ~ ' 11 6 InJ Elptl LlmllrJ Thll mul: not k mpKd w Shown lu un~u15nxd pn~rl C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 RESTRICTED 84TOKE RID tiYtlE Procress Review: Hort Areas 702 and 703 ?eriod aoding Deeedar 1P87 CONTENT Work Area key Task Page No, 702, APP?!fD RESEARCH 1 DEYE1OPMENT · GENE;(Al ,01 ProGu;t Development Steering Group (P,O.S,G,) 1 PrP:ects .02 Exploratory Product Development d rnnovation 9 ,03 Market Surveys 84scd on Subjective 1 12 Objective Characteristics of Products ,04 leaf Studies 14 ,05 Sensory L Behavioural Evaluation of Products ,06 Consumer Research 18 ,07 Process Innovation 1 Application 22 ,08 Expansion Technology 24 ,09 Equip~nt b Process Evaluation 26 .10 Analytical Method DcPcloprt 30 ,11 General Scientific Support 32 ,12 Ouality Assurance Procedures 34 753, APPI!EO RESEARCH 1 DEYELOPMENT - SPEtIT~ ,01 Product Oevelooment for 8bT (UKIE1 35 ,02103/07109 Brand Analysis and Material Testing for Operating Companies including BAr tUKli) and Purchasing Department ,04 Technical investigations on Behalf or 42 8AT IUKIE) ,05 Technical Support to Operating Cornoanies with 43 Established 1:1 links (Leluding aA (UKIE)) ,06 Technical Support to Operating Companies 46 Excluding BI~ (UKIE) and the Established 1:1 Companies ,08 SupFort for laboratory Services within Operating 49 Companies .10 ~lv~ur Dev~~lem I Mlnuflctute 50 : Pd I ~ T 11 L Iw hxl~rr~ ~~~ la~ at k Ppd p !b·e :: *al*lrl pnonl. ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni UORK AREA: 702 APPLliO RES~RCH a OEYELOPPIENt GENERAL @ 11~18 ~ r II ~ InJ Elaalllma~ Till mul: not k coped or Ihoun 13 uaulbnuC pnC C Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·1- ~3ft Area 702,01 Xey Task Product Development Steering Group (P,D,S,G,) Projects, S:ratqQi c Objective To undertake project work on behalf of the P,O,S,G, to meet pre·dPfined objectives which are aimed at developing new product concepts together with associate? materials and cigarette making technology to meet projected consumer and marketing needs, Status Projects are broadly based rather than being focused on specific Operating Company projects and are eategorised according to three perceived consumer needs: i, Smoking Pleasure and Satisfacton 2, value for Money 3, Personal and Social Reassurance and according to a need far better intelligence on eo~er- ition product strategies: 4, Competitor Intell igence i, Smo~~ Pleasure and Satisfaction Project FSLT The aim is to derive designs at 9mg tar which provide greeter acceptability for 12 - 1Cg smokers than current 9mg tar options, from an initial range of twelve experimental products, three have been shown to out-perform two of three 14mg comn~rcial products (Players No,6 and Embassy No,r), The three experimental products comprised (a) reduced density (25: fT), (b) alkaline filter and (c) high nicotine blend, ~: 1~!1 a ~ T II ii in: InslLlelltl TLI null nol k Enpld or doun to un~ulbnle monr O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I -2- The commercial product not out-perfonaed was Dunhill KS, The high blend nicotine variant was closest to Ounhill and in terms of acceptability, gained the highest rating from the in-house panel. A further;rodu;: has been designed which combines the various design routes which shoved advantage within the original s~~te set. This comprises reduced density via Ei, elevated blend nicotine and inclusion of the alkaline filter. Cu~hill is, therefore, the target product for this devel?lm!n: and as this product Is clearly modified. 10: air-eut~~ tobacco was included in the blend. Also. in order to a:zieve elevated blend nicotine, an att·lanina blend was produced, This produc:, at 91og, was considered by the panel to out- perform Ounaiil in general terms; however two specific problem areas remain to be resolved: (a) evert air-cured character (b) chara::eristics of first few puffs. Further sa~yles to get a better taste match for Dunhiil and to improve the mechanics are currently being manufactured, A report dr:iiling all designs and procedures used in the project is a'. the draft stage. Project HI~:~ The objective of this project has been modified. The target nicotine delivery of 0,8mg has been retained but the tar target of jmg has been relaxed, although the tar delivery ~k~s: be significantly below 9q. This change was accepted because of evidence that too high a ratio of nicotine to car led to a marked imbalance in smoke sensory properties. bus the revised target calls for 6 - fmg tar with renssr~ characteristics to match Silt Cut (U,K,)~ EI Iv~l a ~ t ii h re: t~a'' i II. :: Tbl nun not ~ ropl~d o: Ihoun to un~ulbn~d p~Pnl. O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·3· Three products containing the blends described in ~he previous Status Review Notes were manufactured, The two products containing high nicotine grades cave impactltaste imba~ance; indeed one version (7,3mg tar and 1,17mg nicotine, i,e, above target deliveries) exceeded State Express TI in impact, It was this finding that led to the revised objective, d blend with 2,7: nicotine is currently 5efng assessed against Silt Cut at different ventilation levels, Deliveries have yet to be measured but j5: ventilation created an impact match but with lower ilavour amplitude, Calculated deliveries are img tar and O,amg nicotine. 2, value for Money Project DEER No adverse comments have been received on aaH cigarettes containing St DEER which were sent to markets during the period. Uork has concentrated on developing a recipe for B,A,T, (Suisse) which will allow satisfactory runnability and still provide good Tbi, Differenes were noted between blended wastes and flue·cured waste in the former respect but have been resolved, Particle size has been reduced by the introduction of a flat· stot die which enables greater draw·down and hence produces thinner sheets cut to QO cpi instead of 30 cpi, Colour has become lighter as a result, ~ I uZt a h f lI 1; Ir] ~~~e::lnlltJ Ihlr ms ~o: ~ cnp~C e:lhDwn 13 ulUIIUal~ P~OCI O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I _ _~ ·Q- A second extruder is on site and should be operational in February 1988, This will Se connected to a second prototype cutterlcooler unit and will be used exclusively for DEER, DEER made from two types of blends from B,A,T, (Suisse) have Seen comprehensively examined for across-extruder chemistry changes, smoke chemistry and Aes, One blend contained Burley, the other Maryland type tobacco, Nothing in the data gave any concern whilst reduced Ames activity for both materials was highlighted. The AEP has met and is recomrnding approval for DEER for levels up to 20", inclusion. Apart from BAT (UK~E) and aAT Suisse, support for investigations is being afforded to Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, South Africa and Hew Zealand, Canada and Brazil ate the most advanced, P,C, opinions an validity and infringement of the P,M, patents have Seen obtained. The odds seem still to be in our favour. The convention date for our own applications is 23 February !988 and a decision has been made for a filing prograi;rme, ~ (uZ1 a ~ T II.I; lnZ it~'~l Llmllr! T·lr null not b~:sJl~d 0! Inown u.nuhsnlrC ptnpa. Q C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -5· Pra)~sa~ Tne aim of the work - now complete - was to develop DIET core blends with improved smoking quality, No unamSicuuols rules of thumb emerged to guide leaf blenders in the selection of grades for DIET processing, although a nud!r of grades were found which showed minie;al sensory charge as a consequence to expansion, low plant position ripe tobaccos showed the greatest weight saving both before and after OIEi processing, but at the expense of processing quality, A relort will be issued shortly providing a detailed description of the work and its outcomes; in addition a review Of the reported data has been written with recommendations to aAt (UK&E) concerning comn~rcial opportunities, Project LORHO The abjective of 10RHO is to achieve significant density reduction (25: relative to unexpended blend) in iull- flavour products whilst maintaining physical, delivery and sensory attributes, The two main strategies For achieving this at? (a) use of high substance and low chalk papers and (b) use of burn retardants applied to the fasrest·burninE component of the blend i,e, the expanded portion, prior to expansion. i i,,: E ;: 'I ,, 1·: i ~~~r:.:,el:d Thl! null na tr ;EPI! O~ IhOY a;!::1::~~I:: *15~rl O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·6· The key objective targers of puff number and delivery have been met with ail papers on blends incorporating burn retardants, However, prior to smoke sensory assessment of these products, the Additives GuiCanee Panel has requested the analysis of a number of mote components, and some of this data is still awaited, If clearance is obtained and the results of sensory evaluation demonstrate potentially acceptable smoking characteristics, a programme of blend develooment will be initiated, 3, Personal and Social aersrutance Project IESSIIEASI Project :ESS has been re-defined as the use of conventional product technology to produce the lowest measurable sidestream yields whilst maintaining mainstream smoke quality. Appropriate technologies involve, in addition to low sidestream cigarette papers, inclusion of DIET and modification of filter length. Two blends have been designed for virginia products which contain 25: and CC: DIr"i respectively, These blends will be prepared in early 1988 so that Cigarettes can be manufactured to a variety of specifications, The starting point for the 25: inclusion blend was Project ETNA in which a successful full-flavour product was created with this expanded tobacco content, The 40: DIET blend is a development of the sane blending principles, Project LEAST will explore novel technologies, especially OEI;I technology, in an attempt to reduce sidestream yields still further, The project will evaluate the effects of including carbon and inorganio in the furnish to the DEP process, Such materials can act merely as diluents or may ~ (u~l a ~ T II b /r: !~r·. I:nl:~: T$I null no~ k ropl:::: IhO*p :3 U~IElb~l(: XIIODI O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·f· provide enhanced effects in situations in which heat is conducted away from tne coil, thereby modifying caCstion charaeteristi:s, Project 1~~S: Project LnbO aims to ertablisa blend and design options for low mainstream Ars mutagenic activity products, Tae survey of !5 flue-wr·d and 10 3uriv single grade cigarettes indicates a significant correlation between Gmes activity and total grade nitrogen content. However, much of this correlation may be du,;o:he known higher activity of 3urley tobacco and hence 'caused" by sorr,e other factor not measured in the limited chemical analysis of the grades, Tests of a series of flue-cured and U.S,·bleded clgarert2s in the circumference range 13 - Zonm have confirmed earlier findings of reducing Aai activity with reducing circumference. taemi:al analyses of these cigarettes remain ta be co~J1!:!d. ~· ComD~ti:oF Intelllpcnee Project C1113E ihe aim ii to provide detailed awareness, in the international brand arena, of (1) current competitor thinking an product design (bj strategic differences in the product offer to different markets, A comprehensive prograrpne of data collection has been carried ou; for each of the following international brands - Marlboro, Marlboro Lights, camel, Rothmans, aunh~ll, Silk cut, 31% and KePt and analysis of the reaining brands (JPS and Cartier) will take place OYpr the oar: hlo months. P i: lu~l B i f C I; mJ ElhnlLI··:l: r!a mull MI k tnplld ollbun , In*bslrC X1MI o C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 1 ·B- The programme con~rises physical, blend, paper, saote and sensory evaluation, The first three reports are ebeplete (Marlbaro, BLH and tanei) and the fourth report (RothmansJ is in draft form, e lu!t a T I II lr? ElnlblLl.ld Thq mun n0lk roprd or Ihoro W uruulhlnd pnor. O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~_ -9· Work Area 702,02 Kry bk Bplara::ry Product Lvelopm::; anl innava:ian Strate~ie Objective ii) Ta:sndPet feasibility r:3dies or prar5eeive product opp?'tunities prior to Frlporing thes" as projects for adoption by the P,0,5,6. (ii) io conduct empirical investigations to aid Letter understanding of the influence of cigarette design on eiParette pelfoaance, S;ltus RS we re;!srted earlier in the year, the heavy workload in other areas of the prcgramhe has prevented the allocation of sipni:leant resources to ii·ntified projects, Also, most of the identified projects will make use of the OEfR technology, 'lo rectify this situation for !938 a second ePruder facility has been introduced together with a small increase in resource for these activities, Proj2ct FLITE · incarpotl:ion of casings and flavours via 3EER process, 1, Inc3r?oration of aW ammonia technology into DEER, 3, project THEIOS · incorporation of carbon·eontaining material into DEER to reduce carbon ennouide. C, Incorporation of nbn·colP~atible filler into DEER to reduce smoke potential (i3r Project iiSSI, Project DEEP - enaminaticn of the feasilility of chea? filter production via DEER technoio~~ ~ I·I: a T IIL 3 [lp~6~ L.ln~~ Tb mull nM a (np*d e· I~arn 10 uvu~~E xWII· C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 _ ___ _· - iO · Ultra-Slims ~l!nSiya further dfvel~pmen: of IlmPrm and l8nsn cigarettes and filters using low Iermeablllty cigarette papers has been unCr;~kes to support several product development exercises for Spera:ing Companies, Much of this work is reported under in:iridual project headings e,g, MISSILE, PROBT YAi~3j#O The obSective of ;~is project is to investioate the feasibility ~~ converting viscose into cellulose acetate as a means of developing cheaper filters, slight rpdifieations to the laboratory glassware apparatus have enabled the production of lengths of treated tow up te~tl0m, me treatment removes the small amount of crimp present in the input viscose and filters produced from treated material an essentially "straight-laid", To obtain pressure drops similar to normal cellulose acetate filters it is necessary to double or treble·lay the material at present, Smoke filtration results show, surprisingly, that viscose specifically filters phenols from sake, vagabond treatment slightly im7nv·s viscose performance to the level of unplasticise? ace:ate, Addition of plasticisers to viscose, Yafr:snd filters or aeeta~e shows strikingly similar increases In specificity for all materials, inptylng the plasticiser itself has some specificity, Considerable work has been done to look for superior reaction catalysts, The catalysts mentioned in the literature were all investigated at various concentrations and moisture contents, lix the finding that sodium sedate at 68-70: B ~v!~ a i II ~ It: i,,, :·-;:I: :::L I11::I: 1 (Il~ltP O: LhPYn ill YIIVlhlaPC pnon~ C C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 moisture aGd·on was the best, as has been implied, kny other cationlanion combinations have been tested, some showing increased reactivi:y but causing fihre degradation. At the san tim, it was realised that the single necessary condition was an alkaline catalyst solution, Using 0,5: sodium hydrsxide at approxir;ately 30: moisture content enables the reaction time to be cut to 30 seconds or less, ies:s are under way to optimise the reaction and to produce a further set of samples for assessment, ~ lull a 4 f IC 6 mJ e~wnlL:c:lrJ TBI ma: not k ropt? ot ~ho~n I~ uolullumd pMnl. Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·:2- Hort Area 702.03 Key Task Market Surveys based on Subjective and Objective Characteristics of ~rodu5s, Strategic Objective io enable product development activities to be pursued against a clear awareness of the existing relationship between own and competition products in a given marker, Status In the period under review, resources were devoted exclusively to a major project aimed at establishing the validity of the mapping teehnfques which underpin market surveys, Doubts had been expressed concerning (a) the reproducibility of these technipues and (b) their value in product investigations, The investigation compared the performance of the two spectroscopic techniques used in this work (Fourier Transform Infra-Red and X-Ray Fluorescence) with each other and with wet chemical evaluation, The reproducibilfty of all three techniques was examined by replicate analysis of a large nur~er of flue·cured tobacco grades, taking into account variability between Latches of tobacco as well as experimental errors. The scatter between replicates of i'lIa data was greater than that of wet chemical analysis, while that of XRf was similar to wet chemistry, Tne reproducibility of iTrR could be improved to bring it into line with the other techniques by increasing the number of replicates at the laboratory stage, Given thi s adjustment, and taking i nto account other sources of variability (e,g, between cases of the same grade and crop yeat), the overall reproducibillty of the data from the three methods can be regarded as similar. O lurt a ~ T IIT mJ E1FelLlmllr: Tb~ mun not re mpl:!:: I~oun Ir:rlulb.lcC XJon~ O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 __ ~ - i?- The linear additivity If;TlA and tRi 1 been demonstrated on laboratory blends of milled tobaccos, but other types of errors and uncertainties are snDwn to I! more important in blending applications, She reliability of spezroscopic and pppina techniques is adegulte;o mate meaningful contributions to practical alplicdtionl relating :D tobacco grades and blend evaluations. However, these contributions should be test firmly in perspective, and the techniques themselves kept in their appropriate place aloneside ether tools, ior future applications, a detailed protocol will be drawn up to standardlse the methods of sampling, measurement, interpretation and reporting, The general concepts of blend mapping base? on complex chemical data have now been adopted and iq~ea~nted by some of the major Operating Conpanies inthe $oup and the facilities will be available in Southan~ton for future studies on grades and blend evaluations for Operating Companies, ~ iv') a ~ i lu ii I;: i~Nni LnlrL: Tb nua nM tu ~nplld 011hOrn r un~u~lu:le p~nl C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 __ ·!4- Worlr Area 702, 0$ Xey Task leaf Studies, Stra;ecic Objective To identify processes and blending guidelines for better utilisaticn of tobaccos, including low pualit~, local and expanded tobaccos, Status ~genrioa (Praject 916aOTi The first samples, based on simple chemical treatments and modified processing conditions, sent to Argentina have been assessed by the Hebleta-Pic;ardo expert panel, The degree of improvermnt was significant enough, d·soite the presence of some residual off-taste, far Nohle~!·riaardo to adopt the treatment to produce blends for larger scale subjective testing, Meanwhile, further treatments have been explored at Southampton and sa~les produced and despatched to Argentina in an effort to reduce these off-notes, Future work will depend upon NoLleza·Piecardo'l assessment of these samples, ~y_sfa (Project PMBLOTJ The Leaf Blender freon Malaysia was seconded to pail for three months to pursue three projects: la) i~roverrnts to the smoking quality of Icy gn~r lamina improvements to the smelting quality of local stems I;j deal3jenr of a ~difie: virginia blend ~ Ir'l a ~ T I L~ ~ mJ Elbl~l Li*lll ~hll IVLI ~O: h( (OVJ:: I~oln lo ue~uVunld pnar O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 _~C~__ 3nBer plnjelt la), a.~lnpe of lonveetianal and un;onven:ional treatments were examined; this yielded three treatments sufficiently Promising to merit inclusion in the blending exercise ic), irolo the range of treatments applied to stem (ploject (B)J the Mit dramatic effect resulted from later extraction prior to cutting, This reduced the naeatlve taste attributes of stem and produced a sweet but sliahtiy chemicallsynthetic note, Other treatments (including acid treatents) also produced effects - albeit less dramatic - which could also be further explored under 3tvelopments under ic) followed two principle areas of investigation: iii to develop a domestic tobacco blend with more acceptable smoking quality than existing commercial Products tin which there is little intended modified character), !iil to assess potential for developing a more heavily modified product in the 0,5. Blended direction, ireatments from is) and [b) were incorporated into the blending activity in various combinations and apprspriate iiavaur developments were applied. Samples will L' submitted to RalayJia for evaluation and further r~iineantlnwdifia:ioo will be carried out in the light of these evaluations, thetnobvl L inirtea samples of 1987 crop tobaccos from Greece, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia have been analysed far Carsiun 131 and :s~siua 137 activity, One aulgarian sample was measured at 23 becpuerelslkg and one Greek sample at 11 aqlkP, ~ lurl a ~ T II i ,.: Llrali.e:ll: Ih~l mul nit Y (o)ltJ P, LhOm i, VIUUI·Ulld ,,, o C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 _ _ ·16- 111 other samples were below 10 Bqlkg. These may be compared with the Elt maximum permitted levels of !50 'oolkg for e,il~ and baby food, and 600 Bclkg for other foods. ~ further fifteen samples from iurlrey Ire currentlY being analysed. aarults to date show that 1961 levels of Caesiua rctiri;y a::ribuia~le to the Chernobyl accident are signii· icantty below 1996 levels, ?roduc;s sold to Egypt and nalta require a certificate of indermi~y iron the Oeput~nt of Trade ~ Industry, swing that the product is below specified levels of radloactivitY. To date five samples have been tested and shown to be below the specified limits, !eaf and Smoke oH ~ detailed review has been produced which explains the effects of blend type upon pH values and how these values influence smoking characteristics, particularlY smoke impact, ~ I*I a ~ T II i I:·: LIP'l.!;mi:l? Tbll PV1; na k mpld pr ~h~ur to u~mllusrd poor. Q\ C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -11· Work Area 702,05 i(ey Task Sensory r~l Behavisllral Evaluation of products. Stnteoie Objective I, To:":vide expert sensory evaluation of the product, 2, To i;trhet understand the relationships between SebS:Ly properties, cigarette design and human sE3~ing behaviour, Status In support of the S~i Group Taste ~ Tlavour Network (see Work Arel 102,06), r:andar0 :ioarettes have been supplied to several Operating Companies and further sanufacture of standards has been scheduled, Use of standards has shown a healthy increase over 1986 as I result of the 1987 Workshops. Sensory and behavioural testing support for BAT (UKtE) product c~vclopm~nt, BATCo, and R~D projects was again substantial, in ail r60 tes:s beine carried out during 1987. Internally, a major training programme has been completed to introt::.p new paneiiists to the UXIE R~O panel, n~il exercise, which for the first time has also drawn on volunreerj fro~ the Southan~an~too Prsdu:tion facility, was suee~ssf~: in training 15 new panellists who now contribute to a faster turn·anund on the panel workload, In addition to client oriented service activities a eonsider~;ie proportion of support work was devoted to activities in Work Area 702,06, notably under Projects LYNX and TIGER which are separately reported (see Work Area 7Gi,:j), NOiE for 1988 Work Areas 702.05 and 702,05 will be u)gamated as one Work Area titled PROOUCt TESTiEG, " lurl8 r ;L ,, !~~v.:· !I! Tbn sa n k tn,l:::: mown i, u~ul*ad #n~.l co C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -18· Work Area 702,06 Key Task Consumer Ilesearch, Strate~ic Objective 1, To support the development and application of new product testing techniques including the optinisation of the use of existing teeSnipues in the context of conventional and novel product devetopcnt. 2, io further understanding of the smokers' 'functional' interaction with the 3roduct, Status There are currently four major project activities within this Work Area: Method Deveiooment and Ao3lica:ion The product quality measurement model designed to capture consumer quality perceptions and originally validated:or impact and mechanics has now been reported as a full RaD report and companion Product Oevelooment Review. Application in a limited nua~er of lead Operating Companies is expected for 1988, and to support a potential application in the 0,5, the model will receive a limited validation for menthol application in the i~,K. Preliminary investigation of the potential to elaborate this model as a preference measure has been completed to data collection stage within a broader project (TIGER) in Deee~er r987, In this approach, quality model type impact and mechanics data will be cross-related to preference judgements, ~ lu~r a I\ T II I, i..' ElnnlLlml~rJ Tb mul: not h:r~,~j o: I~olln I~ ~~UullYnllC ptawlr. O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I__ ·19- Progress has continued in developing a aAl in·hcuse simulated test mzarktt model of the assessor type, prototype software is now available for further refinement in the first quarter of !iiB8, fn addition, a number of related techniques be been defined and progressed, these being: price sensitivity m,delling, e3ment analysis far qualitative data, ad·reaction ;oodeiling and brand napping. These tcchniges are to be successively validated throughPut 1988 and subsequently integrated in a tnioinglco~Rlnicati~n network parallel to that of OMEGA, Work has ~ecn initiated in developing a 'pap~r·iteel in- house panel data collection system which will collect multiples of paneilis: responses to product attributes using a central processing unit linked to lintelligent' key pads. This system will be cost·realistic and a prototype will he evaluated in March 1988, Co-Drdina:ion of BRi Group IOMIGhI Product Testing Having successfully completed four territorial Workshops covering circa 30 ~penting Companies in the first quarter of the year, thus maintaining and further consolidating the Grouo ~EGA Taste And Flavour systems, the next stage objective is a review of the status of OMECA Network activities, envisaged for March 1988, as a prior stageto plannin;:h! next ('9891 round of territorial Workshops, The emphasis of the 1989 progtasw is to further increase the involvement of market researchers and product developers, in anticipation of the 1989 Workshop a detailed critical examination of current flavour profile evaluation is underway. ~ Iv~l a ~ T II ii m~ t~F'r: L':~: T~·I n;l: no~ r;npltj Or Icoun y un~ah3nl~ p~llPnl. Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -23- Svstem 3tvei 1. 1- ooment ~nb,oDiication he fully psr;alie IBEI PC :;sa;ible syr;en fsr lasnitaing smoking behaviour in the fietd using consumer groups, has been co~leted and validated. The system achieves the objective of simultaneous or sequential data collection ~ol B smokers a; one time via hardware which can be deployed by one person in hall or home test environment, iur:harrsrcl, a suitably trained small team of conventional field force interviewers cap satisfactorily manage the exercises, Capability of the system is that in 2t days smoking behaviour records for 100 smokers x 6 cigarettes each vs collected, This represents a marked advance on current state of the art, :he data. content of this pilot validation is relevant to or-going attempts to nodel smoker effort-reward relationships since the project lilCiR) used a series of eoeriental cigarettes using systematically manipulated tarlnieotine ratios and mechanics characteristics, Data collected will be analysed and reported within 1988, Previous generation partable JAPP1E based) smoking monitor systems have also been deployed in I major study of s~sting behaviour of low tar (1 - !Omg) smokers (LYIX I1K i), Data on a range of low delivery eiParettes has been collected using samples of 201 eonsee*s In each of U.(,, BeigiuP and Ei;lerland, b3king records have subsequently been duplicated and in the first quarter of 199B, this scale of study will be repeated in each of the European locations (LYIIX MK IIi to consider consumers of fu~l·favour (10 - 2hng) cigarettes, Full data including duplicated deliveries for IY1IX 1 and II is to be complete by )Iprit 19SB, ~ lu!)! ~; ii ~ InJ El~·:ILlmllc~ TL mur~ not tr i~31:: Or shfr n to uolalualrC y30nl C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·21· Su::on to OPtrr:ing eamanies Local ruppor::a berating ConClanies on product testing issues has:sntinved to be provided to a number of companies, notably Sours Cruz, W,D, 6 H,O, Wills tlustralia) and B,A,T, ISuissei. The first quarter of 1988 includes direct support to W.3, 6 H.O, Hills (AuJtralial, 9,a.T. (Hong Kong), W,D, 1 a,3, Hills (New h:laod) and B,I.T, Kenya, Research on 'un:;ional Aspects of Smoking continues under contract at the l]niversity of Southampton, Having established a sound protocol for investigating electrocortical correlates of smoking behaviour, current work is focussing an reciprocal effects of smoking and positive and negative mood state, 8 lu?l a T 1C ii in: I~plLll;mac ~la sun w ~ un~d w laoun Iu unmlu'ld O P(nonL. ~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -22· Ilrrt Area 702.07 Xev lask Process Innovation and Application, Stratepic Objective to undertake processing projects far general 3,A,T, Con?any application using the Jpecialiscd facilities in the 8,A,i, (U,K, b 4portl RbO tentre, Status HVD-I Further evaluations on aY0·1 (the 250Lglhr uni:) have shown that the I" x bU duet gives evaporation and expansion results similar to those for the original 14" x 2" due;, These findings allow greater freedom in the future design of larger dryers, Steam injection has again been shown to have only a minor effect an expansion, although the results are not directionaily consistent with the results from the 1a" x 2' duct, It has been shown that dust generation is prop· ortional to duct velocity, making the determination of minimum velocity for acceptable expansion more important, Data so far suggests that expansion Is not critically Lpendla: on velocity but further wort to confirm this is needed, HLIMECTANTS the work on how much 9lycerol is lost In the 3Ai oven test and its effect on e~ullit~rium Pisture content has now been completed, A correlation between the amount of glycero1 applied and the loss in the oven tar has ban established thus enabling the true moisture content of the tobacco to be determined, C,derailed report on the results is in preparation and will be issued in the first 9urrier of !988, P lurl8~1 II I; Ihlic~,nlllmllrJ Thl~ ""' "D' b tnCld or IOFun 13 un3at~JtaC ~~onl CD Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 - p- FLUID 8rD DRYERS i;otk to characterise the Surrey fluid bed dryer has shown that the tobacco bed can be fluidised from pre·set conditions over a wide range of tobacco bed weights, The air supplied to the bed needs adjustment during fluidisation due to raoid moisture loss from the tobacco, The bed will self discharae ii the airflows are not adjusted, At ambient conditions, tobacco with an initial moisture content of between 14 · 19: will lose up to I: moisture per If minutes, Work is continuing to uc·grade the fluid bed design for further evaluation work, A new static fluid bed dryer developed by Torrtech Ltd, for the food and mineral industries has been initially evaluated for tobacco drying, ~e results were promising and further evaluations will be carried out on a modified version of this dryer in the first half of 1988, ?%OOUCTION EYALUGTION SYSTMS (a) Laboratory Moisture Gaup The Puadrabelm I,R, ia3oratory iauge and the Infrared Engineering 'infralaS' system are now being evaluated side by side, Results are highly encouraging and it is planned to transfer both gauges to the Southanptonn plant for production evaluation in February !.pB8, The 'Inftalab' software is c3re flexible and the benefits will be assessed, (b) Suonort to Technical Services, Millbanll Only S moisture meters were calibrated in this half-year period, fhe;l~ control system was finally delivered to Sri Lanka and a faulty electronic component was subsequently replaced, me faulty;Jmsonent will be returned for investigation, ~ lu!t 8 h T II i, mJ E~pnlLlnllr: ~~1 mull no: ~ :o~lld o: I~nr·:3 Yn~UIII~IIC P(MIII~ N C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I ·24- Work Area 702.08 Key Task Expansion Technology, Strategic ObjectivP To investigate the conrmer:ial potential of novel high and low order expansion processes, Status Work in this area has related to providing support data for the pilot-scale k?lX development and;o providing information to ilills Australia on t·13 expansion processing, APEX I derailed design package for a 100kglhr APEX pilot production plant, to be built at the BRi (UKbE) Corby site, has been prepared b,v JEE, mis package has been put to the B~ito, Board for approval, A decision on whether to proceed with the projec: depends on the outcome of a second SC-day inhalation study, Trials have been carried out to confirm the advantages of APEX over 31~ and 6-13, Tne results show a substantial increase in expansion levels over OIET and i·13 which lead to geber weight savings in cigarettes, ~e transfer of expansion agent residues from tobacco to smoke has been investigated and the residue levels in cigarettes determined, The APEX process has been patented in I number of countries including the U,K, and U,S,A, g ii\t a h: I Il; mJ Ela'Li !;~"J ~L, nuu a~l a(:r,::! m Iho~n I·J unal~~nl p~anl P C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 The first inhalation toxicology study has been completer,. The results shoW an increase in irritation with the APIX inclusion eifarett~s. The reasons for the results are unclear and c3nsequen;iy the test is being repeated in 1988. 0-13 iWo collaborative pt:~lcts with Kills Australia have been completed in 1987, it,! first was a coropatison of;-13 and b~fX processed tobac~:. Three different grades, used in 6· 13 expansion by Wills, were expanded in ahO and shipped back to Australia for evaluation in sample cigarette n~anufaeturc. Fill-value results in RaO confirm previous findings that the APIX expanded grades gave significantly greater fl~l·value than comparable t·13 expanded Mterirl, The second project use? the R~D linear tube expander to assess the optimum level of expansion achievable on the test rig, using ~non as the expanding agent, The results are currently being eva~vdted end will be reported in February 1988, ~ lu~; g ~ T IL L 1~ tl~lnlLlmlll: tn~ mu~: nc: x:np~j or Ihoun Io unlu~~n~~: ~Jsnl N C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·25· Work Area 702,09 Kev Task Epuilmen: ~ Process ivalu~tile, StrmFi c Ob jecti ve To undertake specific process and equipment developments and evaluations, includingthe manufacture of cigat~;us from processed materials, S:!:ls A ncnk of projects are Covered under separate headillFS, Otver Evaluation (Sarn~ra) A simple by-pass damper has been fitted to the third section of the fiuidised bed to operate the moisture control system. Tests have been carried out to establish the exit moisture stability using this system, WTS taken from a silo (to ensure a stable input moisture and feed rate) can be dried consistently from an input moisture variability of 42l4 i 0,53::3 !4l6 t 1.28: dryer exit moisture. A fast acting damper has been installed and tests are prsa!ding to evaluate the syst.Pm for drying WiS Cire::ly from the wetting cylinder from which a high input moisture veri aSi i ity i s expected, jl. jr': a I t II L i': 5~~r,l L.3111J thll dlUI: 1101 k MPII? 5: Il*n 13 u~11~31d pr00nl rV C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 _ ~C~ ·27- Shredded Stem Some test work has been carried out on the large Puester mill fitted with In extra motor to increase its power rating. On" again a reasonable oroduct was oblained with an increase in throughout from the previously reported ~p] up to Ibl~, This is still short of the stated caoacitY of :OOM(glhr however. On the basis of the test work carried 3Ut On this mill and couoled with the veri high noise level ft II concluded ad this nill would not be an acelpt~lle alternative to the aauer ~~~ Further work hat been carried out on the aluer mill to look It Go milling parlPtcr~ namely, speed of rotation and plate design, me speed of rotation did not affect the Overall s~read of particle sixes but pPoYCb to be a very sensiiive means of altering the mean particle da of the shredded stem, The new design of plates was based on the work carried out in BI on the 52" ~n~ Bsc~i~~y the residence time Of stems in the I111 was reduced by the b~l~ ne st oi at new olates gave II unacceptably high lallt ~ totally nLreldld material in the outout probuct, Steam Injeetfon Tube Further work has been carried out on the new design HYSI tube to ascertain its performance at higher tobacco t~rrCptL It has been confirmed that l8OIYKgihr d t6 cllaelr(etL )rrstltldt iheresultssuggested that fill value increase would be sustained at these flow rates with the existing steamltoblccP ratios. Some work has also been carried out to coniirm that cut lamina can be expanded In this unit. ~e capacity was restricted to 6OOKglhr by the existing airlock and at this flow rate, 6 rJ j'T i r r: br" ~·d nl II la h o~d r Ir~ a ·16·b rla h' ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni ·29 - cut lamina expansion of the order of 10 - 12: was consistently achieved, ~s the next stage of the prdject, the HYST unit is at present beia; Coupled up to the main primary line and equipped with a larger airlock and a new steamltobaeco separation system. Confirmatory tests will be carried out at the higher flow rates, which will be available on both CRS and cut ;adna, G,l,t, ThrcshinP Trials C,major effort has been put into the processing of a large number of full 5:ale tamina processing operations using larnina thns~~d in a variety of styles, Tnis work forms part of the Research programme and nill be reported elsewhere. tobacco'eed Systems Following trials with a tlJro air product separator modified to operate in a 'dump fecal mode to a maker hopper, a commercial design is being prepared prior to a factory trial, G positive pressure pneumatic conveying system incorporating a commercial venturi inlet (which dispenses with the need for airlocks) is king evaluated as part of a continuous IP~ker feed system, Secondary Maker On!looment A Sou;a Crut type feeder has been modified to retrofit on a Etolins Mk,9 aier to replace the conventional hopper feed system to the carding drum, Trials are now progressing to compare cigarettes made from nk,~'s with the two types of h:aocr Feed, @ lull a ~ f ·: ~ I~: El~·:;L.nll~il Tall s;ll :.O( k roprd o: Ihoun u un~ulh3nrd plrfrl h) Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -?9- Cii~an:tes made from coarse cut la;ina (iZ cpi) showed some firrm~ss improvement over normal cut (30 cpi), but highlighted runnability ?roblPes, the alternative hooper feed system is to be extended to incorporate coarse:ut materials, ine Sours irut feeder has also been used in conjunction with an Impact Plate ilowmeter to evaluate its potential as an alt~m~tive to a weigh conveyor. the feeder giver a more uniform feed for cut blend and is mote compact than a conventional weigh conveyor, HYG·2 the r000kglhr unit (HYD·2) has been installed and is currently king commissioned. Initial results are encouraging, Evaporation rates are proportionally better than HYD-1 and corrected expansions up to 35: have been achieved, It seems possible that a lower operating temperature is needed for the same overall 'quality' of product (compared with iiVD-l), but much more data is reFuired, mere are some problems with cut lamina conditioning and with short-ten feedrate control that must be resolved before accurate evaluations can be carried ~ luut 6 ~ T II ~ ~n: t\hCI I:e.:~: T:ll nsn no: h :npl~: :: Ihoun 13 u~eltunlc~ pnor,l 03 C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I _ _ _ ·?I- Work Area 102,10 Key iart bnaly;ic?l M!:lld a!vel~pcnt Stmegic Objective To deveio7 analytical methods and evaluate new !quiprot and ptoc?dsrrr in order to provide an efii:ient ana~r~ical service, Aarur Major e:isr: ni placed inta;he dev!la~rn; and validatiln of a method for the analysis of residues of Jicamba on tbeo. lhe Ireviourly published OSD~ method var found to be inadeluxa, both in terms of reprodueibilitY of recoveries and of ipp~ Of analysis. Hajer modifications to this nrShod were made, and validated by recavery and storage experiments, and trials on iacjot ahiiUK~t) blends, it war found that I mass rpec;rometry finish to the analysis was essential for accurate puantifaiion, ;ne method was emplq~d on a!surinP 1111 major BA:(UXIEI Ilendi, and will be used for further projects in 1988, b method for tie analysis of hydrocarbcns in the ridestr!am Doi~e of cielr4;ts was developed and used in exercises for ao and 3~ (Hm~urg). The aathJd is useful in that it gives additional iniormation when Imlring brands reaarding the tjtal sidestrea~ yield of a ~igareite. The capillari vapour phase scan var used:lr tBe first time to juan;i~ vapour phase constituents of the mainstream Im3Le of cigarettes wi:h apex expanded tlba;;s, Useful data was quind rith cigarettes vith various levels of Apex inclusion, ~i lulll~l IL h 1:: E~P4 I-I:I: T:ll 0111: a DI:OPE: 0! Ihrn lu ~~lulhi^l~: xnonl. C~ C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·31- ~tlch work has gone into supporting Bb:jlK&J taint problem control, This has included both analysis of residual toluene levels in filter tips and pa:i;aging ma!!rial by thermal d~sorp;ion/gas ehro~oatopaphyi~sSs spe:troetry, and analysis of base boards by atomic absorption and XRF, X-ray Fluorescence has shown itself te he I powerful screening technique for measuring chal;;lclay content of board and additives to board, Several cigarette spotting problems have been *iaeHed in this 6 month period, It is planned to collate all infonnat~on d3ut cause and analysis 3·; spotting problems early in 1988 , This should result in ;~idelines that Operating tonpanles can use for early diagnosis of such problems, ;legarding laboratory automation, there is an urgent need to improve throughput in order to be able to cope with much increased work load which is now a per~neot feature within the Laboratory Services Depar,ment, ~onee, an exercise is being carried out by consultants to determine the r!guirernents of the Oepartnent. Proposals for a la~ora~tory information system are being prepar!C;:he outline proposal vili be submitted to ~anagen~ent during 'bbtuaye !988. If the outline proposal is accepted, the:?rget date for completion is January 1989. iv!; B i II L ~:? itpnll.t::r: Tte Cul: ~e~ k nplrd C: liP~n I~ ue~.;N~I~: ~cs~tl Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 __ j2· Work Area 702.!1 Key Task ieneral Scientific Support Strategic Ob,iective To ensure that scientific services within Operating Companies are provided with the supper; required to n~aintain a high standard relevant to their company operations, Status Representation of BAT on international and Specialist committees has continued by the Centre, particular emphasis has been placed on those committees when increased activity regarding channel ventilated products has been in operation, The centre has also played a prominent role in the various cross-checks which have resulted from the discussions of the committees, The AdditivcslMaterials Guidane! Panel has continued to be active during the review period giving advice and recommendations on all aspects of the industry, liaison with Operating Companies worldwide has continued on an almost daily basis with advice and recommendations being given on all alF!e:5 of laboratory operation and managelaent, The results of an Inter-laboratory Cross·Chcci: carried out during rg87 have been analysed and reported to the participating laboratories, Discussions of the drbSS- chect have taken place and as a result several changes have been incorporated into the next test, due to commence in January 1888, These will include the use of a blended test product as well as the normal virginia style and the standardisation of testing procedures, wherever possible, ~ lu~) i b T IL I; I!:~m~: !..:11 Tbn mn: MI tY;nplld o.lhfu n 13 una~Uald O pnon~ W Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -j3- using the new Standard Methods of Analysis manuals, ihe results of ;he ero,s·check to be carried our in 3anuary !988 will :on the foundation of a data-base, so that in future the results of Inter-Laboratory Cross·Shcek tests can be reviewed in the light of previous tests, ii: Iv!: a ~ T I1L InJ ~tp~nl LlnlrL! fL mull ool a mpKd or ~hp.n h,unsthmd 3~JPnl. O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·3~· Wort Area 702,r2 Iey Task PualitY ksseran:" ~raeedlnr S:ratePie ljective To ensure that Laboratory services Oepar:rnt conforms to thD criteria set by some regulatory authorities by pr?viding the necessary trained personnel, documentation and purlity assurance systems. Status The Brand Analysis section of the laboratory services Department was assessed:or IIIAS Aaredita;ion for tSe measurement of tar, nicotine, water, puff nunoer, and carbon monoxide on 4th Dece~er, 1988, The assessors from the National neasufement 1 A:creditation Services (NAMAS), detected three minor non·eomplianees, (To date, no laboratory has achieved accreditation at the first attempt, ihe average number of non-compliances is about 20), Thae have now been rectified and accreditation has now been achieved. Attention will now be turned to the e~pansloo of NAMAS accreditation into other sections o: the Department, tnss·eheekt with Inajor materials suppliers have continued on a regular basis, a have Technical me!tings with:~!~. The analytical etoJs·eheck with the laboratory of the Government chemist has continued on a monthly basis in order to cq~re not only with them, but via the Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monolide Working Group of the Tobacco Advisory Council, with other tobacco companies in the UK, ~ lu·tB ~' ii ); Ir: ii[lnllimlld fill all MI ~:rpll ~~ Dnull3 una~hm,LC Alml Z; C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 WORK AREA: 703 APPLIED RESEARCH 1 DEYELOP~ENT (spEcr~~e) EI~~~III~~1Bjl~UI1 L·-lllil TLI IPll.lb! ~RPdlllhl~llY.Y~LlnldpON 'r; C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·35- Uork Area 703,01 ~·y Bsic Produc: a·veia!men: for abT (IliaE) Strateeic Objective To develop products and provide technical support to meet existing and future 3AT (UK~EI needs, Status Project CALENDAR CALENDAR is the development of a modified virginia product with Actron Plus filter technology, Samples were manufactured and masked for Total Offer Test and it was confirmed that the delivery targets with pris~ry ventilation blocked were met, Initial feedback from TOT suggests that the CALENDAR product is being received favourably; detailed results are expected at the end of January 1988 and commercial manufacture is scheduled to commence in the fourth quarter of 1988, Project GINGER This is an ultra-low tar (jaS) king-si:e product positioned in the low price segment, ~ I,,: i ~1 II I; Ihl t\FCILlnllr~ T~I~ .t.·l: nn a:npl~::: Incun I~ u~~ubklnld yOonl. O\ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 .;i. The development explored a ringe of blend and filter combinations, One of the filters evaluated was the iiltrona iPi filter which was identified on a key competitive product in the market, Evaluation of this filter against conventional high pressure drop cellulose acetate filters revealed no sensory benefit from its use, the final specification agreed for launch used a specially developed modified Virginia blend, conventional acetate filter and a fast·burn heavy weight Cigarette paper in combination with a high level of filter ventilation, Project SUSPENSE Although SUSPE#SE was originally identified as a reserve development of an ultra·low tar (Qmg) king size product, the prefect has been re-assigned 'high priority', A wide range of blend and filter options have been explored, The blend style ranged from a lightly modified Virginia style to a considerably more heavily modified type (CA1ENDAR- style), filter options explored comprised: (a) standard cellulose ace:ate (60 · 1O5mn WG) (b) illtrona CPF (e) i~ltron~ Bonus Cavity (d) Filtrona Dual paperlaeeate with sodiuffll carbonate applied to the paper 'T1 section (e) HH Dual Filter designed and developed by BAT (Hamburg) and manufactured by :iltrona (ienany), ~ lult a h t II L Ih! EI~'III Ilmla: Thll pull MI Lu Enyrl c: Ih0wn 13 uPulhmsC pJos. C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -37· A range of biendlfil;er combinations have been manufactured and analyse?, and sensory evaluation is in progress, A final selection of product will be made early in 1998, leading to a consumer test scheduled in the first quarter of 1988, Suoject to a satisfactory consumer:est result, product launch is scheduled for Autumn !958, Project SAII The SAII objective is to compare the physical and chemical characteristics of con blends expanded by the CorSy XT process with core blends generated iromthe same tobaccos by competitive processes and evaluate the product performance of cigarettes containing those tobaccos at various inclusion levels. All analyses have now been completed (includlng sensory assessment of the products) and the project will be reported in full during the first quarter of 1988, Project DECk4E The objective of DECPME is to determine the effects of 2: diethyl citrate (DEC) as a filter additive on smoke deliveries and sensory characteristics of Middle East products, Since DEC is slightly acidic, 85W have found this material useful in meeting Middle Erst delivery limits (12m9 tar, O.B~ng nicotine) without the necessity to adjust blend recipes. Without DEC, products modified to meet 0.8mg nicotine deliver well under laag tar, With DEC, products can be created which still meet the nicotine requirement but offer the full 12mg tar and thus maximise favour potential, ~ Ir~l a ~ T II L InZ EIFnlLm;:c: T1,Il nut: to; a mp1e3 o: Ihfun lh ua~ul~ullrl *Wn~ CD Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 __ filter rods have been made containing 2: OiC (plus normal level of trlacetin) and cigarettes manufactured with this filter and a eonvl~tional control, These cigarettes are currently being analysed, Analytical ~!hobology to measure OEC on filters is in place but ~~P approval for sensory testing of the products is awaited, Pro,iect MISSIIE MISSI1E is the development of ultra-slim products for two different ~r~ets, requiring different product specifications, Attention has been directed towards examining the merits of using whole blends (normal complement of stem) or lanl~a· only blends, from a manufacturing standpoint, the use of lamina-only blends improved product uniformity and reduced sensitivity to wright changer at the circumference agreed for this project, At a slightly larger circumference, both types of blend have been run satisfactorily, although the whole blend contained very finely cut stem, further activity has centred on evaluating the effects of cigarette design features on product performance at low circumference, On the basis of this, blend and cigarette design parameters are now being selected to achieve the delivery and sensory attributes required, project T~NGERINE TANGLRlNE is the development of menthol virginia products, d project proposal has been agreed for the 1933 development of these products, E r~ II~ IC L ': tlrr~ LauC TLI tnl*L~Oe~F YPrlY ~~IYYICJOm ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni ·39· Cioarette PaDer SDecifications In an attempt to ta~ionallse;ne very wide range of cigarette paper specifications Ey~inst which BAT (UK~f) Purchasing Department buy on benaii of Operating ton;par;its, a reduced list of specifications (Sased on woodpulp furnis~i has been drawn up in conjunction ~ith Puretiasing and Laboratory Services Departments, These specifications are bring described in detailed term; (target parameters and acceptable range) and discussed iit~ major suppliers prior to manufacture and evaluation, ~ lu\; a T ii L I:; ~tpnl LIPII(C Th mull no: ~ mp~d or ~bl·:J unlu~,4;~1:C poonl C C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 _ . __ -sO· Work Area 703,02/13101169 X?y irsk Brand doelyrii and nal!rialr ier;inl for Operl;inS.:,Jmi!r including BAT(UKaE) and Purchasing S~?artnent Strategic Objective To provide an efficient analytical testing service:a akTIOKaE) and the Operating Companies, Status The regular testing of aAT(UKail own, competition and development products has continued, as has the daily testing of iorjy samples. Again many af:he development prcjtct~ have been of an urgent nature. Analytical support has been provided in a number of areas for:he BATLUK&EI fac;Jries to overcome production difficulties. Analyses of Creel: tobacco samples have been Conducted for aA;(LII(III leaf Oepartment to check the crop for nicotine, suolrs and chloride, Analyses and analytical cross·ehec~s for Operating Companies including linbabwe, Switzerland, Malaysia, Brazil, Trinidad, typrus, Sierra Leone, Caoroons and Zaire have been eondu~.d. Urgent, major exercise relating to sli~ cigarettes have been carried out ior asu and germany and uorilrelaring to the patenting of such products has al~a ~ePa performed, Analytical investigations relating:o the International Smoking Methodology of channel ventilated ciParetta has been carried out in support of our products worldwide, Materials Testing of outturn samples for Purchasing Depa:~nt has continued on a regular basis as has that for ;B[UKB). Liaison with the ~IT(UKIE) factories and suppliers regardf ng materials related production pr:blems has continued on a regular basis, involvement with the O Ra:!rials SpwificationlUastage Working Party La actively N ~ iud a ~ t II C a.: tl~~lLi""'~ hi mull not k enpltl or rLow~ u un~ulS3ad pmonl C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -li- continued and n:o~nda;ions on changes to cigarette paper specificari3ns are near completion (Ir 70?,011, ~e regular testing of materials for san Open;ing Co;npanies e.g, tos;l lice has continued and ptetialr investigations have been performed for others e,p, South Africa, ~ ,,~IB T ~IL laJ ,,,cl Llal;~l Tla ,,: MI t~ mp? or ~ho·n 13 JJIVlbX1L: F3n1 ;f: C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 __ -~2· Wort Area 70?,OC Y·y iask ieshnical In"!;;ica:irr on 3lei:f of 3AT(U1E), S~rateoic ObSeetive io undertake specific work on et:hinery and processes as requested and defined by 3C :UKbEI. Status BAT( UK~E) Si~v, STUDY Work complete". in 1987 included :je physical and chemical Ilvaluaiion of incoming raw stem Frad~s. This provides the information necessary for t*a Stem Blend prediction model, used by Leaf Department 4~T (UK~E) for determining the composition of stem blends ir, the two factories in order to ensure maintenance of :::imum fill-value, ihere have been several chances in the ~thod of stem evaluation within RlD in the le::er stages of 1987, lowen sieve that was used to fn::ionate sten grades has been replaced by a Car4tll sieve and the new RbO Prinry is now used to carry out all ste:: processing trials, EVALUATION OF CASING n~XiURES In !987 !ive:;;~l encountered pr::lerns in assessing losses iro~:he pipe :obacco rznu:acture line due to variable losses in casings during the aAi:ven test, Work in Rd3 quantified the losses of casings irom the four different tobacco brands and showed that, ce?ending on the type and level of easing applied, the losses during the oven test vary widely, RtD provided Liver;:sl and Noting with loss factors for each of the four brs::s which accurately account for the casings lost for each brand during R13ij;lre determination, O ~J C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 C ~ ·53- Work Area 70!.05 Key Task Technical Lp~ort to Operating t3aani!l with Established I:1 Lints (~cluding 6AT (UK~S)), StratePie Objective To provide Operating companies with product technology expertise as necessary to meet existing anC Irojec:!l Company needs. Status The Operating companies wftn rhbe close wotring linirs have been formed: Europe: Switrerland, iinland, Cigar Group Far East: Indonesia, Malaysia, ~ong Kong, Singapore Africa: eameroon, Kenya, Ralawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Africa, Zalr!, Zimbabwe together with CYPrUs and hew Zeaidnd have continued to receive azive:eehnical support when teeuird, Sole examples of this support are cited below: i, R contribution has been made to the preparation for launch of a new fult-flavour product plus a menthol version (Carroon), 2, An experimental programme investigating the effect of product raodifications to a sijor brand has been initiated, A second major brand, with reduced levels of imported tobacco, has been evaluated and found satisfactory with respect to current product (lairc), ~ I~at a ~ T I~ I; ~~: i~p~~lLle:l: Tla mat net k mp~c! a: ~h,~":, ull~ulhlr~l: pnonl. C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·:!· 3. The appraisal 3'; ~e commercial viability of ctDve· cantai8ir;S pradl::s has been reported, Discussion; on the strategic issues involved have taken place and have been r~por:!4 back to the Company (Indonesia), a, ACP approval for the use of locally produced adhesives has been giver,; further local adhesives are under review by the panel (~alaysia), 5, The development of improved pack aroma of a key local product has been initiated, Competitor product profiles need i; be evaluated to provide guidance to the direction an! degree of modification repuind. A range of modified menthol flavours have also been developed for comparison with competitor products (Hong Kong), 6, A proposal has leen submitted for studies aimed at improvements in smoking quality of local brands, This covers treatment of local tobaccos and exploration of the effects of cigarette design factors on deliveries and sensory attributes (nluritia). i, Modifications to the packaging of io:al brands has resulted in si5nificant Cost savings, Further cos: saving packaging modifications are being evaluated and win be inc~duccd in !988 (Zi~~abwe), a, R full·flavo~t blended product to compete against Marlboro has been developed and consumer test results are anticipated In January 1988, work has continued on a major brand family with the development of perceived soanF~r versions in anticipation of lower delivery limits in the future (:inland), Cn C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·_· ·~5· g, A slin fili!t Cigar has betn launched in lire and is in test matl(et in Norway (ilint!rmans), 10. An all air·cured cisar!tte carrying a tap·drersing ilavour is in course oi develcpant iligeria), ~ Iv·l a ~ T 1L )i ~1: tlFI~1Li.lC T':L 1~!10! b~:41~ 01 tk~uO IJ UJUllh~ld P~J· C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·:6- Work Area 10?.06 Xey Task ieehnical Supper: to Operating Companies ~elud~ng a~T (UKaE) and the is:a~irshed 1:1 Co~anies, StraltgicObjeetive (i) To develop better liaison with Oper!:ing Companies, (iiJ io support thrm with product t.P.hn:;lagy as necessary to meet existing and projected eom;?ny and consumer needs, Status Technology transits proceeds through two routes: 1) Cdmpany Seminars, Courses and Audits, organfsed by, or with input from, RaO staff, 2) Project work and product advice provided by the R~D ientre, In terms Df 1, the haif·year has again 3!!n an extreaely active one, involving: (3) Two Product and Process Teehnolagy seminars held in Managua, Nicaragua and attended by delegates from Il countrleS· Ili;aragua, 6lratelaia, i; Salvador, Honduras, Cdsza Rice, Panama, Yae::ela, Guyana, Chile, Argentina and Trinidad, (b) A Carbon Seminar held in Caracas, \'ene;uela, (C) fol1ow-Up 011 earlier Product Audits in Guateaia, El Salvador and Costa Riea, : Ir~t BA: II~ ~P~ tlFVIII:61:(: Thll m:L: 30: he copl~: J: LhEu~ 13 uNdS1LL PIKIII, f~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 C7 · (d) Contributions to the ihetwo~d Tobacco 9~P course End totne grand Oevelopment course organised by #art!ting and a!)? at 90king in Surtey. !n:erms of 2, the following provide examples of advice given: (a) Evaluation of a pseudo-blended product and advice concerning suggested modifications (India), (b) Evaluation of current blends and tobaccos for Class A products, Product designs to achieve Middle i~st delivery constraints for a proposed export produ~ (Patijtan), (c) Advice on measures to overcome (i) infestation problems due to cockroaches and (li) fungal growth On filters (Canary Islands), (d) Octailed analysis of two major products, coupled with reeo~ndations for experimentation aimed at product improvement (Uganda), (e) Several cost-saving measures, including use of local sugar (approved) and local alcohol (being considered) and supply of an alternative flavour funder local evaluation), Additionally, local stcs are in Southampton for evaluation with a vim to product i~revcmt through process Ddifica:ions (Sierra leone), (i] Nine samples of granular carbon have been evaluated in terms of their physical and chemical properties and compared with activated carbon used in current products (Yene:3ela), ~ Iv~t a ~: ii L r: i ~~~r.l:,~::u WI mull no1 k ~opl~d or Ihou n I~ uou~~-lri: 03 Fclpnl O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·:S· fhe two-day carbon Seminar held in Yenauela us f;ilocd by detailed local discussions. A specification has been proposed to cover the present and future supply of acciva:e". carbon and a nu~er of tests have been initiated:o anit:r puality, Sensory testing procedures for this wori: Save been reviewed and appropriate m~ihodo;s~y is now 3tinE used, ~ ,r~: gA T ; ~ In,! ItF'~ Limey Ihl~ ns~: pc: ~ lojl~::: Iborn lu ~~l~:urtC pca:ti O C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I _ __ 49 ~ k'ork Area 103,05 I(·Y lask SuPP3r; for Lata:!aty Services v~thin Dp"ra;ing Co~o~c~~ni!s. S::aleaic Objective To ensure that laboratory services within Operating Co~pania.s are provided with the support required to maintain a high standard relevant to their C;~any operations, Status There has been no activity in this Work Area during the period of this reviex, Because of pressure s~ work from other scurt:s, the visits to overseas laboratories planned for the audit system have not taken place, No Operating Complny personnel have been received into RIO for training, Although several other companies have expressed interest in the investigation of odorous emissions from primary processing, this las not resulted in the involvement of i1b0, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 C -33- IJorlc Area 703,10 Key Task ilcvout S!velopant ~ Yianui!%ur!, StratePic Objective io formulate, manufactr;re and supply flavours in or~~r;o give 0?!ratjng tomlanies distinct product advantages in their markets, Status Fiavour icmulation work is Grim by the n~arketplael needs of operating Coricnies, ThO following exawles are illustrative of recent activities (together with erosf~ rr'eren:ts to precrdine sections of these Status Review Notes): 1, Four types of modified menthol lginger!lemon, chocolatelvanilla, pepp~rmintlehocoiat~Ivaniil~ and spearmint) have been SU3plied to Rustraifa, a, A range of flavDuri were developed for Project C~NOAP (71)J,01) from which one has been selected for eonsucr trials, 3, A nu~?r of OENASH variants have been developed to improve the pack aroma of a major Hong Kong brand (703,05), a, New :lavour development for an Indian local blend designed to move soking characteristics towards U,S, blended style (703,06), i iv') a ~ T · I L I.:l~~~n~ L:mll~~ fhn rnur: nc: *;n)lr: s:I:Ful lp uaulMnd pmgr.l ~n C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·51- 5, Den::om;nt 3'; -;lavours ;3signed to improve the smoking guali:y of processed low quali:y ?lalaysian flue·:sre~ t!:!::3S ' n3u in consumer test (702,04), 6, Crea:ion of a e::~ E0n:on:ratad version of an existing ftav:@, whi:l ]fiers duty savings to Sierra Leone In additi:s, an array If fl~r3~rs were selected andlot developed for pr!sestltion at the Central/South American Seminars in Ci:trEF~E, (70!,oil which derr~nsr.rated to delegate;:ie effects of flavor:s on menthol and non- menthol products, During the period ur,:er review, a mote tigsras Flavour Quality icntrol system has been implemented, This procedure takes inc:sing ingredients Drough a stringent series of physical and chemical cheeks to ensure purity and continuity of pualit:, with respect to preceding batches, Ingredients are not used in man~~~cture unless all tests are satisfactory, A similarly rigorous series of standards are applied to finished Tlavours prior to dessateh, A computer database has been created to noid the necessary records, Flavour:r:ju::ior~ :;:nover for the six months ending Dec!~er I!87 was i:: up on the corresponding period in !986, Tne total ;;:r:3ver for !987 as 603 up on 1986, The consictrable increase was due to major supplies to Hong Kon~, Yenetueia End Guaremala, In addition, one new flavour was manufactured for the first time for Cameroon (se! 3 above) and new flavours developed in !986 for Cameroon !n~ Sierra leone increased significantly In vol ume, lult a A t II' h ~n: t~a·~ ;.-·:~: T:;l :.:: :.:: k;c:l:::: PFrn II, unJu;~~l~f p~nonl. 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