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' .- r ·t:!r·,'·' :·?,·:r i' Iry i:rc·w x ··~ : 3 .,~~r· ~L· :·:. t ·I ..I. ·~ ..·. r ·) I~ ill. ,· · ' i: 10 O ": ~y · O 3 3 ·~, "?L : w Ow % (y pW ..·-~ ba·e~ 3 a a I~ a ra I u, a a x·ln o · ··~ : Oi aU:m o a c, a ·: u o ....... j m ... ·.~c~~l,··l.·e ·~···~····-re · ~···~- h' O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 geA Effect of Wrgtn~a and Burley blends on cigarette Ja~ke deliveries of Itn~trosdminea (Ollv~tra) Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Project Title Effects of Virginia and Burley Blends on Cigarette Smoke Deliveries of N·Nitrosamines Person Reasponsible ; Sena Maia, J, C, Objective ~ identify the influence of nitrate contents in low alkaloid Burley tobacco and of alkaloid contents in virginia tobacco on tobacco specific N-nitrasamine Formation in cigarette mainstream smoke, To identify any factor syn'efgisms of Burley and Virginia tobacco on volatile N-nitrosamine formatio n, C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 CIGARET~ SIYOKE DELIVERIES OF N·NI~OSAMINES FOR SOME BURLEY TOBACCO CULTIVARS RESULTS OF CI~ARETTU; FROM MPU1IMEmS OESCRIB~ IN SOUIA CRUI REPORT b, R0,202-81, 21,01,81 (NGICIG) CULTIVAR NITROSAMINE KYIO KY1u BYU ND~ 52 B 10r( NPYR 93 98 124 NNN 1084 1053 1793 NATB 1247 1848 2742 NNK 195 180 uS Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 A Ct M (U PL1 QI~ Oa o ~I1\1 Ln a ZZ MCI~ Jo ~11h v~ #Ih F1 IU U M rl a rl I ·· N (1 U ~ rl ~n a a cO ~1. a o a a 0) a rt O rX ZZ Z 1 U-1 r( MI h ~D M J 0\ 01 CV o o 1 1\1 Mr( o CQ o h F1I~ rl rl Ln. hu\ rl rl a vlOj ~n h t~ 0) o P:VI U 0 W~ 0 alcu 3·c~ CIYU ~~ NM bl CO MLn cum 01 ~- CN Mrl fM U -IUW U~ (V 01 uw io rwl-r2 rl 003 u3a~ o~ r9 f 01 N 2 L 01 2 m ~~ u o rl leu rl u\ ~'V 03· t eBa~ 'It NC nP~ rli Q 2 z i- O 0\ 4e~E~~ N r zcz~ w rl WO ,lrl 0 ~L NOo C~ c ~h 4 OT3UWU UIT hV\ ~~P ~- h rl rl ~CU U.~ 01 a ~N MMJ M VI a U. II ~ C W Il=C~t U~ a ~ZP~V a 00 2 e~ U W 0 WW3 O ~w rlh EuO Mm C Z ~ r( ~O Q, a h w ~ ~ N N a T~ O C~ M WWN 2 rll~ ho ~D a L~ W a Ee.~JI VI~P I ~W ILIP wz-T a u x u c~ a v, e:u IJ rl 0 O Iw 0) a IN ~Z 0) 01 u.~ ~ ISI t~ U 2 00 N M a a %I u 3 JCD fCP ~ M a m 03 M 03 M a m a In 0 ~ M M M M ~03 X NO r(;r dd w 0:a LI ZT m 2 1- 2 00 0,2 a ~ z op: oz z z Z LL~ a A~ O rclNO 03 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 EFFECTS OF VIRGINIA AM] BURLE~ BLENDS ON CIGARETTE SMOKE DELIVERIES OF NINITROSPIIINES - 8 ~REATMENTS 1 3 REPFTITfONS - PARTIAL RESULTS IREAT~GYT VA, Z 14BYu, X SUGAR ~CLD TOTAL ALK,, Z PIITRATE, Z 1 100 - . 3,75 o,n 2 66 14 YES 2,41 3 34 66 YES 1,36 2,05 - 100 YES 0,18 2,75 5 100 3,82 0,65 6 66 34 No 2,63 7 3~ 66 No 1,95 8 100 No 0,24 2,45 C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·· NITAOSAMINE DELIVU1IES FROM CIGARmES YI~ DIRERENT RATIOS OF VIRGI~(A '10 1011 AW\LOID BURL~ u (NGICIG) VIRGINIA r0 BORLFI RATIO VARIABLE ~0010 66134 34~66 0:100 NNN 42 B 70 A 7~ A 49.8 N#K ·45 A 50 A 41 A 28 B NATB 811 B 128 A 87 B 20 c NDMA 18 e 33 B 61 A 65 A NPYR 6,5 o lr c u B 23 A TOTAL NI'TROSA~INES 1~6 B 2?6 A 255 A 184 B Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 DELIVERIES MPE~TED AND FOUMI IN VIRGINIAcBOR1EY BLENDS (SUGAR ADDED TO CLD-TREATED BUR1C( FRACTION) (NC/CIGJ I(ATIO, Z VARIP~LE VIRGINIA BURLEY MFECTED FOUND TOTAL NITROSP~MINE 66 34 184 274 34 66 172 249 178 2621f NNN 66 34 ~1 62 34 66 40 58 40 60" NNK 66 R 39 47 34 66 33 36 36 41 NATB 66 34 62 lu 34 66 42 76 52 98" NDMA 66 34 32 32 34 66 45 63 39 47 NPYR 66 ' 3~ 10 U 3~ 66 14 15 12 14 NOx 66 34 351 369 34 66 551 569 451 469 a Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 DEUMIIES MPECm) AHD FOUND IN YIRGTNIA~ BURLEY BLENDS (BUALEY FRACTION BYPASSING CU)) (NG/cig) RATIO, X YP~~ABLE VIRGINIA BURLEY EXPECTUI FOUND Total nitrosamine 66 34 201 :19 34 66 205 321 203 320'" NNN 66 ~4 48 79 ~4 66 54 90 41 84"" NHK 66 34 40 5Y 34 66 35 47 38 51"' NAfB 66 34 63 134 f4 66 42 99 52 117"" NOMA 66 34 36 35 34 66 53 59 44 46 NPYR 66 · 34 14 16 34 66 21 26 17 21 NOX 66 R 363 3f5 34 66 474 545 868 440 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 EFFECTS OF StlGAR ADDITION RNO CUI TREA~I~NT OF 1~Y21 OF VA~rm BLENDS ON SO~E FAINSTR~JII DE1IMRIES BUR1EY ~ SUGAR ANO CLD'TREATMENT YRRIAB1ES WITH W~MOUT fetal nitrosamines 227b 283a NNN 53b 76a NNK 36b 44a NATB 72b 85a NOMA 52 55 NPYR 15b 24a NOx 567 559 HGN 5Ba 578b Total nicotine 1,91b 2,O6a TPM 47,7 50,4 PMWNF 38,0 40,1 PMWNF/Total nicotine 52.6 45,2 TPf~iiotal nicotine 62,8 55,6 CO 25 ,3 26,0 Q Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 __ Major Conclosions i, The use of low aikaloid Burley 21 euitivar in blends with Yirginia tobacco has resulted in very low cigarette smoke deliveries or speeificand volatile nitrosamines, despite the formation of specific nitrosamines in the blended cigarette smoke: and 2, The addition of sugar to low alkaloid Burley 21 cultivar followed by CLD trea~ent has resulted in significantly decreased cigarette smoke deliveries of specific nitrosamines, In view of the above, it is sugsested that: 1, comnercial pualities of low alkaloid Burley 21 cultivar be irproved or other better low alkaloid Burley cuitivars be developed; and 2, cwnnercia! blends with low alkaloid .8urley 21 cultivar be developed for cigarette smoke organoieptic assessment, ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni Clul Project V~S~ - low stdesrream (MfBrlde) -- -- Cannants 1· ~h project was derived fma Y1KING. 2· In concept evaluation de naurier was selected because the product is aimed at uDJcale, educated and cosmopolitan group, 3- the eens~r beconea RIIICh mon conscious of exhaled neinstrean SDlOk~ as sldastrean snoke b~coass less cbV1cusI 4- Paper used on all saplples: EEusta TOD OQ98 2610 PLY uglnt jsx HgOx 58 eaco~ 3x K acetate EP 110 Cu 5- Further saa~ples will be prepared shortly: Recipe: ~~d Players Special Blend Strip 1U ~eds~llon Strip 168 SPe Strip 608 larnina 20t Olet SX YIB 156 WTS 19.6 · 21,8 eg~em2 density 8~ an, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~WRREHESS aF PrSSIVE 940RNG ISSUE VIKING VSi~NG FEB. 1986 JVLY 1988 S#OKWS 5148E 71.3t MALES 51. bI 10, OT, FE~U13 jo.or ;2.at Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 AGI~U1E aF PASSIVe SMOrnrG sFRlraus~i~ss 18-24 b6.l1 Ql.ll 25-34 73.1\ 17.2t 3j·49 75.5% r~.99 50i 67,0\ 24.11 QI Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 WHO RUNS TIIE GREATEST RISK IN SMOKING? (Base: Total auare of second hand smoke)~ RN- SHOREI(S SMOKERS Si~aics3 ?EOP~~ X;IOOND Si?aE;t~ Ilk OON'T IUXXJ 3k 4.0t Q Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 wHO RVNS TAE - GRUTEST RISL R1 SEIOIXHG? lease: snaker's auate of second hand smoke). PEOPLE AROVHD 51331211 SMOKER is-24 25-34 · 81.2t Is,0C 15-(4 85.dl 1049f SS+ BB.II' 10.0"r ~AC guE ia~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 SMOKING P~SO~T 1986 1988 VERY ENJo~X3LE qjq 441 SbREUH~ EN:OYXBLE 451 421 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 DfSG~RES- CICI~RE~ITE SMC)I(ING ~LES F~ES as 88 86 88 HEXL~TII REASONS i:16 ~~~O PHYStCU REAcrrONs 9~ 15a SI SOCTXb CONCEIWS ., O 111~ S~ELt~ ~~~8 i~i~ (*) Source: VfllI~Ne Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 -- ---·I RESTRIeTIOHS 1986 1988 uOSKILXCE ~7 IN T~~ EOUSEJI~D, O ~CM~O~E BS XS~ED 3aS?ONDE~T TO STOP S~iaE(!NG : Children Spouse Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 VISA PR~JEb YTSA I,T.L,IS EWIUT~~IARP RtSWI~E aBaeC~E : ~d I~CRESS ~e eaeReRsIHe socut R#eP~Asa~Tu or SI(OXRIF Q3HS1WTRA~ : mUN ~NYE~OHAt ~ ~OP~ IWD ~JSA~e BROAD SQUT!CHS: REDOC~D SIDESTReAH POI~UI~D RAOR HfWTINE AITERHRTIVe PROWeTS Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 nP RCD ~F6RT PI~UIRY : REDII~D SmESPIE~J( Bp~URYI ~RNeD Rnau i~wea s~mw) OTIIEAS NIMTME R~TfJP(RT~VE PIIOOOCTS Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 VtB STRRTEC~ES FOR ReDOCCNG SIDESTRERI( ST~UTEGIES GROIIP 1, SPECWI PAGERS-EEDSTAI xle ~,T,L, 2, ion oettsInr TOBAm3 ReCTPES T,T,f. 3. IXIW P~P~BaITI PAPERS (rOW ~ENS~TY RECIPES B,A, T, i. WBR#r TRERMWT PIIWaef DRY - I,T,b, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 trrsA m~aoon eAITerw 1, laMj~ P3~9IBI~ YPJEB SICeS11WW · XWTme~tly PtR~meD IS ACEIP~LE I. M IMC n~s ~n~R;n muer m~n~s . enao;ioll ~r: OTHER NCWIE 3, SUBJteCJE A~T~Aa~ITy W· Xk~STReeY AMI SICeST~ERn SHOI[Z ns: sncKINC POPIJT~S 'SS: ~R~R, ~3RTTP~TfON, ETE, (. IUIM~UI DIP ~UII~TIIS mFsaa IIIB auw RIIIVI · DU xn~n~o. Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ii ·/ 3 ~61p~i A ;" n* P vl vl I; 1/ ale I ""I" ; :%O n a i~ll jll,Eii jji vl vl vl Pr~ Bsi 4 C s I f; I 1 O Co cl p "8 to 03 a3 891191PP Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 VII FOCDS 00000 SrrmPPY OVEROfEW 1 8 Emi3SB Ga00P5 · rORarm I ~war cuxrPs · ~nn~REAt 10·12 PRRT~QPrmTS PEX 00003 SEeREWLTED BY ~i~X A110 TAR LEVEL C~OUPS HO. WU(e·UP MIN BIUUIO DeLIVERY 1~L ~Pl~tE SHOIIERS . 5 · 13 E 1 AIL HAI;, SHOXeOS B - 13 ne 2 HU(ED NON·SHOWUVJ HEVeR SHOI(ERS ~ purr < s YEARS 4 O O 03 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 __ V18A Ra ~~ Resar3 CM1RRt BUCTI~ (SMOXEPS i ~~~~) I 'YIW ~~' B ~~~D I '~~ ~ 9KIE' rmDPIIS~ 1 111 B PtltRI~D I1I ~I~ PgQUT ~DIrI~ ~IEnI~~OITMS I~we REler~ (a~ oa) · PDQIQ D J/g ICd~U ~P ~ ~ P~IQJ ( EHHIIlI~ PtffaPTfQ Qf ~XHAIED ~I ~P · leaPT1IBtt ~ ~NSVEP~C~ENT snolmre ~nuFHc~: · ~ PB · aaIer~NT TAm/STRM~ · OI P~P~R ~~ C~W~P~~ · ~t ~~IEYING ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni msl FbnrS CIWOP RESULTS WER~L eoNaffSiONS SWOl[eRS ( XC~TABIZ CONepT - WR1113IWY Aee~p~gtg PIWOOCT REDtlCeD Sig SeZH AS A Q(EDfBU INTTW, 3TeP rmN·SHORE~S i mfIIIDII~SSm. ReS~SW~T TO QIRNCZ DUE TII.IWTI·SXOILING IQSRIRE Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ...~ · · c~ ·,I·~IWY~l~hCI*r~-~ ~~YLYlrC . B ~;dllll ~;o*ora p ;a~~ ii :' ~I 1PIYE o1~8aa1 I vl vl vl I 8~ 8 r oa I Ir I I~ r a o B P r JDPPIIPP u ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni VfSA Nexr STeps PRoooers Psa RbPER HODmULTZONS OF EC(ISTA L XE DENSTm mRPQR REWC~ONS LI~NGTII X,S, f AEG, TESTING ParoSE ao~m~i~ 19ae EXTEXNAI JAN~RY 1989 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 C[IEIP~RISDN Or SIS TAR GENERATIOH RXreS SAMPLES MIS OELIYERTES S/S GW~UTfl~N RATE I REDUCTION" TAR RCDTINE MG/CIGT MGlMIN S1 84EPI 158 DIET ~R~~BLEND 4,9 0,47 1.58 40 ·50 23,8 CGICC EeUSTA ill EIP, NS4 84181 301 DIET EXeTL~ 14,0 1,31 1~02 60 ·70 19.6 cclce ECUSTA 12 E,PI 251 841 208 orET 9,1 0,74 1,74 35·46 19,6 c~lce ECVSIA 13 E,P, 955 11,4 0.94 0,97 65 · 70 ECUSTA ii E,P, 107 9,9 0,39 0,89 65 · 70 ECUSTA Y2 H,P, 656 12,5 1,09 1105 60·· 65 21.6 CG/ee "re~ative to a brand range for generation rate of a 2170 ·3,23, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~m~ ot~tl~ a cerwana Rna MIS DlffVtRI~ I1I SSMSIUTfoM IUTE I R1DVCIIO' &IcIa &Im 293 Ilr ~,BL~ 11,0 1,50 1,46 13,1 eclee ge~USTA 374 11,6 1,00 1,51 40 · 50 120 11,7 1,50 1,II IS · 55 Il,r eslce 625 817 0,74 3,12 (15) · 3 f/C CIW: I C,O, 721 13~5 1,0 Dot yet ~lad 211 10,3 0,10 rot yot rtlld 'rshctlon ralltfvs re ~ brond t·ga for pansrltian rats of 2.70·3,23, ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni BrU Reduct~on of unllaaant ciguarte buff odor in ashlrays. · (Ollvlira) O O 03 Co N Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I· AEOUCTION OF CIGAAETTt NUISANEE The reduction of cigarette nuisance aspects is already a relevant t~pie in prsduct development which gives some assurance to the stoker. However, II the ecciai pressures against,noking continue Tt.inFrP,. lilPYClth( unrid I~~lat:lniLnlh~uld ha Ei.n to I The main nuisance aspects of the cigarette can be summarized as shcwn on slide 1, slide 1 jeveial other aspects, luck as the Snell of ciga:etto smoke in the breath and fingers, thB remaining butt as a ambient Pollutant, damage to clothing, etc can ~e added tc the lilt depending u~pn the relevance of each item fDr each market/country, ~~u~a Crul A i D has been inveetigatinF the P3tential pi the use cf trapieai fruit extract since they showed, net Pnly a mas~inp effect D" sidastream odour, but also a easting effect on hu:; occur and exhaled smoke. Depeodending upon the type of fruit Extract, the appl~eation rate and the type and quality of tne tobacco thly are added cntc, taey have aisc shown same reduEiicln in impact, irritation and tobacco flavbur imprcveaent, furthermore B new cigarette concept can be introduced t~ the market. At Soura Crut R i O, this work has been coordinated by Gentil Pedreira and Paulp C, Cavalhei:o (Flavourijt team) as all of;ou ate aware I think ue could lay bat tbl ~eneral Pbjlrtivl uf thii wctX a! tSe ~ Prasent time can he Ihawn as an slide 2. · O slide 2 C~7 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 _ __. ... __ The potential or the use of these fruit extracts has not been fully explered yat because, on one hand we have been involved in a massive amount of wort in product development, and OR the other hand, the rcrear~h of all the possible features is quits a huge task if we consider all the possible eambinaticol with every existing tropical fruit extract. Even so, a lot of work has been done since the beginning of the project and the work is still in progress, A general picture of the work already done and still in progress is shown on the next slides, slide i and C - FPr the present meeting we have brought two cigsrettes - Straight Va with melon C Straight Va with banana in closer accordance to the work deval~ped by the Saturn Prdjact, - We would like you tn snell the ashtrays with cigarette butts of these cigarettes which were 3mokad last night and also afterlduring s~~kin; so as to fee! the ambient smoke and perceive how much the sxtrac:5 changed the sidsstream / exhaled smoke. ~ HELpFj ~4*JrE Vj~j tlPIRI~ I?ECDC~IZABI~ 8~ 5~0~R~. Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 MAIN CIGARmE NUISANCE ASPECTS - Visible sidestrea · Visible exhaled smoke · Sidestream I exhaled smoke irritation - Sidestream I exhaled smoke I ashtray smell ( including the following day ) slide 1 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 REDUCTION OF CIGARET NUISIsHCE SidestFca~n 1 asRt`~au 1 exhaled smell General objective : To reduce the nuisance of these aspects with acceptable ehangesin mainstream smoke taste! fravour by asking the odour using tropical fruit extracts, slide 2 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 J TROPICALIA PROJEI~ Flavour Fixation In order to avoid fruity flavour losses the top flavour boost should be added to the fruity extract casing and the casing muss be added onto the blend of ValBy before cutting, Preparatory easing for By fraction can be added before CU), This method was found after hundrebof tests, Fruity extracts alreap~ done and tested: · Cashew , Sapoti , line · Tamarind , Caja-mirim , Raisin · Guava , Ciriguela , Genipap · Pineapple , U~u , Tutti·fruti · Jack fruit , Papaya , Prune · Passion fruit , Banana , Peach · Graviola , Melon , Fig Ca~atibility With Va tobacco: Mangaba, Pineaaple, Raisin, Banana, Melon, Passion fruit, Lime, Peach, Prone, Graviola, With By tobacco: Tamarind, Cashew, Guava, Passion fruit, Pineapple, Ciriguela, With Oriental Jack fruit, Mangaba, tenipap, slide 3 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 :Y; b Work in Pmgress Reduction in the cigarette nuisance aspects related to sidestream, exhaled and butt snell by adjusting the application rate of fruit extract with acceptable changes in the mainstream smoke taste and fl8vour regarding the conventional prodocts, slide 4 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 PROJ'EeT LYASR R, Crellin eo~cnts i, The single grades tested were from only 1 crop and not necessarily all f~n the same e~p: they wars taken flrmP the available stod(s, t~ov~v~r ~o~a/chdstty trends are expected to persist, 2, Hary~Md tobacco Flas not tasted, 3, The b~hy grades uere uncased, O. f: is i9eor~nt to remember that this presentation relates only to Ibles ac~vfty, Rmes activity does not correlate with polmclfe aromatic hydrocarbons (P~i) or pclyphenols levels, both of which are thought to be i~pportant e overall biological activity, The first results f~w the Cbromotc~e Oamage test (S'ton) seem to shw the converse or $w activity, The point about Amss is that it is very "ppular", and Benierd or others might demand or publish leaF:e tables, The intstry perhaps should point out bau these cuu!d he misleeding, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Project: UI(ASA Project UIASA investigates the influence of cigarette design variables on the Ames activity of cigarette smcke, 'fhe Ames test is a baderia~ way of genetic mutation caused by exposing a particular strain of Salmonelb to a substance or substances or tin this we), cigarette smoke cohdensate. The Ames test when coupled with a separate test for chromosome damage, is ~creas~gly becoming accepted as a short term 'in rtm' screening test for compounds. Preview studies with the Ames test have demonstrated that blended products generate condensate of higher mutagenic aeb~i~ than flue~cuted products. However, no information was available on the contribution that individual grades make tothe Ames activity of condensate, fhe presentstuctyrllstt~is gap, explores the relationship be~een Ames data and tobacco and smoke ehemis~y, and examines the effects of simple blending. In the single grade study, 15 lueculed, 6 high nicotine co~tivar fluecured, 10 Budey and 6 Oriental grades were tested. In order of increasing Ames achii~, tobacco types ranked:· Ruezured .Oriental ( High nicotine wltiva~ c Burley It was noted that grades of equal smddng met las judged by leaf blenders) did not necessarily produce smoke of equal Ames al6vity. Across tobaixo ~pes, a number of strong conelations were noted between Ames activity and tobaccolsmoke chemistry, most particulartg: - tobacco total nihpgen · tobacco protein nitrogen · tobacco total volatile bases · condensate total nitroge~PMWNF · condensate pH However, ~bi~ a tobacco type, this approach to Ames predidjon is unreliable. Given the above correlations and information drawn from other sources, there is an indication that heterocyclic amines may be implicated in condensate Ames activity, Simple bleeding studies have demonstrated purely additive effects i.e, a 5050 blend of twe grades of vefldifferentAmes adinit~but simila~larpotential pmduees condensate of intermediate activity as based upon linear prediction. At reduced cigarette circumference, Ames activity is also reduced. This eftect 4 would not be predicted by condensate nitroge~PMWNF values but correlates C well with condensate pH, O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill It is importanl to rememberthat al AmeJ data is "Jpedfic aeh~-uity' i.8, relento unit mass of condensate, ~pttotal condensate per dga~ette. C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 (O e i Q O c ~a E ra o CIL O t O) Y 'E O Y C O O O e S ,0 L O I ,. E O 10 E' Ic~C: O 'O 91 L, V) U 0~8 ~D t E E d' t e p, B o r ·o o E r u e' C L O O E '" IP 0~ O C I aY r E>~ oa O W O r 7 r w co E ca O o c YP) EO re w Q~IID +IU ~ P ·Q 1 = > a a~ Q pQO 01 SC U laa O ~10 c E C: pE a) L I~ )1 +1 '8 ~lcr a "' E ·d O 5 >· c E" E O~c, E .o E o ID O w WLLo no B~. > U.~ r o0 le~ ,eo a o a o o: E CI u c CI i lo $*1 N (1 la a O o Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 o o 'a (I) iii E W o u oo a r F W rcS* P: r ·~.0 E3 ·oQ·~j (3 E clI le~ o O E opp,oi (b E E.u, * E E I E. 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CE wuj 1 m w I z P (W W aq ~E 00 a a: d t~ w P Z O ~O O0 L Z· O O ~I Z O O 0( (Z ~w zP m O O O O E u 7 1' 3' O o O O r r P P P P L o O o P o u( u0 P I Ot Oy r O O e ub a 'IP I~p C XI .u 3 U a C O 0( (m cm 3 o r o ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni tosAcco BLENDING AND' AMES MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY Amea Mutagenic Ratio 19,9 20,1 19,0 18,5A 19,6 ,2/17,6 0 20 40 60 80 ~d0 Blend .Burley 16 (R28) o 100 80 00 40 20 0 05 Blend Ylrglnla #I8152) Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 10 PI QI a a U a a a 3 0 '3 P E 3 0 *1 uC EL c 10 L a 3 ao 3 a ~ E c, 2 r C a E ao a O ~· 5 Or a. (p 00 w t ~Y 8 a y0 Dci L I O 'O IU r (P c fP I; 'D e 0 ~C, O a O a 10 o E a pt r 0 a a 00C u a OI 01 330 a a a 10 O a e o r 10 ~cn o r "" oe O, u, El r (O . d O E 'C1 UI rcl OO a ID OLp 3 10 d a L~I LP YC a X e L W I a I L le~ a c or Y O s E" * a (D C IO e rot