__._·· ~·_ a 85 " RESEARCH POLICY CROOP MEETING tOOl: SvIII ~,~T~i;ie~EKi8~Tii~~8 7 Mr, A,1. Heard BATCo Dr. R.E. Thornton BATCo Dr. R, Binns BAT UR ~ E Dr, I,J. Dunn Imperial Tobacco Co. Canada Dr. E. KauJch · BATC." Herr, E, Rittershaus BATCF Dr. C,J.P. Siqueira Souza Cruz Mr, J. Thompson WO 6 HO Wills Mr, n,L, Reynolds Brown 6 williamson OeeninP Remarks AIR welcomed delegates to the Research Policy Group meeting, Since the change in aeructure of research inthe Group, dating f:em 1985, the format of the annual research meetinp had chanced in regard to changing requirerents, For the 1987 meetinp, the Research Directors, comprising the Research Policy Group were meeting to establish consensus of opinion on !sF?rr3nt P?!iey/stratogic issues rather than to discuss technical detail. Smoking and Health - The Role of Rb3 in Relation to other Functions The main activity of RCD in smoking and health was, throuoh the Scientific Research Group (SRG), analysing scientific research in this area and carrying out further work which the analysis may show to be necessary. The chief role of R6D in relation to other funetions was the communication of the results of this analysis and recommendations for appropriate action. Such functions included the management ct companies in the group, legal and public affairs departments, R6D also acted as the interface with regulatory authorities and this led to interactions vith the product development function in terms of product modification programmes. In this context it vaa agreed that AIHIRET uau!d produce a paper on strategy in the areas of product modification against a SbH background during October 1987, which the members of the Research Policy Group would then discuss with their respective General Managers. eontd/,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill -2- Contdl,,, Scientific Research Group Is noted abcrn, delegates agreed the role of the Scientific Research Groue as to address scientific research in the smoking and h;alth area, and AIH asked companies to reconsider their individual delegates against this vieu. RET briefly discussed the earlier meetings of the Scientific Research Group and plans for the future: 2-3 meetings a year beine anticipated. There vaJ considerable dicusaipn on uhe~ter projects should be funded by the BAT group or by industry ocganisatiPns. AET pointed out that provided the Scientific Research Grout identified key areas correctly, it uas i~3aterial who actually funded the work, In practice only a fev studies were funded in or:'er to address the gaps identified in the existing literature, In viev of the probable need for additional studies, the ~u~ce: far l9BB was tentatively fixed at fS~,000 per country, (EZO,COO this yeatl, rt was csnfi:~ed that the chairman of Scientific Resoarc~ Group (RETJ vould advise the Research Policy Group of the outeone of Scientific Research Group meetings and this vould include consideration of product implications. jAny resultant vPrk would, of course, be carried out internally), Finally, RET introduced the deliberations of the Scienti ic Research Criu: on "other naxio" The Research Policy Gr?sF accepted the broad recommendations of this analysis, based on Threshold limit Ya!ucs, and RE confirmed that the research program at Scuthampton was nov addtessing the compounds that exceeded the limits, RbD would concentrate on nitrosaminesl bis-chloromet~vIct~cr (BCME), end Dr. Baker would submit proposals agaihst the recommendations to~ other compounds, including an estimate of the time and effort required. 5,5 Man years of effort Vag currently allocated to this work, The work on Ei~~ would not be extended beyond looking far this compound in commercial tobacco products, Without further approval from the Research Policy Group. Fundamental Research Prgranme - SouthemotDn RE discussed the RLD programme instituted at Southamptcn folloving the hatch meeting. Work vas proceeding on the three major research areas identified as: Smoke Puality (11.4 man years) Physical properties (4,1 man years) Work against Requirements of Regulatory Authorities and in addition on "dther noxae' and an passive saokinglETS issues, (other noxae 5.5 man years, ETS 2.4 man years), Contd/,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill -3- eontd/,,, This effort reflects requests made de the March, 1987 programme meeting held in Southampton, There was considerable discussion of the napping work (leaf Pu~lity) and RE presented information confirming the reprDdueibi!i:y of the method, There vas a similar approach available is Germany and vork might also be carried out in the O,S,A, The proposal for additional vork on smoking mapping was not accepted for Group Research, Future Pundino Issues -- After discussion on the various options available it was agreed that the tecommendatic~ for funding for the Southampton ~undameotal Research P~ogramle should be as follows BATCo 550,000 BrW 350,00C BATCF 430,000 ITI 3o0,000 WD C HC Wills 2a0,000 plus E601000 per cDnpaay for Scientific Research Group funding. Rcveverl Australia recorded their viev that, ideally, funding should be related to the sire of the company for Scientific Research Group contributions as veil as for Fundamental Research, Since Souta Croz cannot remit funds they carry out Group research projects, Environment 1 a Tobacco Smoke (ETS) pJD reviewed the uotld scenario on ETS, the reasons why regulatory authorities were considerin9 "worst ease scenarios", against the finding that ETS vas rarely involved in "Sick Building Syndrole". PJO reCcrted that an Indoor Air Qality Research Centre was iikaly to be developed in Montreal, funded by the tobacco industry, the gas industry, and the government, PJD also commented on the recent visit to R.J, Reynolds (RJR) by nrJ. RaeBtide of imperial, RJR had a group of 25 scientists and technicians working in l~is area and there was speculation that RJR's knouledge in this area, some of which they shared with other companies, had led to the successful development of a low Sidestream (70% reduction) product. Contd/,., Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill __ ·4- Contd/,,, PJD then discussed options for vork an ETS (appended): it was agreed that since the Scientific Research Group Were due to discuss this subject in November at lonercal, then Ihey vculd consider it and report back reccnmendations~ fhis would be follcvod up by a meeting of a Technical Specialist Group to devise a" action plan for group funded reJeareh, Or, Eaeerle gave a brief resume ct the situation vith regard to Fire Safety in the O~S.A, Federal legislation may be enacted and may require cigarettes to be made to certain design specifications, Delegates noted that CAPAI and the eR~nRteP:~fUCt ap:eartd tl have a~tributta in the tile ~a:e~y ISD and CDREST~ a6;J described the current position at lSD and CORESiR vith regard to BARC1XY. ph are ateemptin9 to use both organizations ~PJ:d:ahos[l~:ve BARC1AY banned or placed at a aov,re Eompe~itivo It Was agreed that it Was essential to have a greater presence at COREST~ Which is nov dominated by Pn (instead of Monopolies), In particular We should become more involved in the meeting in China to be held in 1988, Suggestions included giving papers, taking part in exhiibitionsl preparing social eventsl a BRT Science brochure, and nomination of a prize vinner, We should also seek increased representation at all levels, A1H vas asked to cio~dinata group etfortJ. Additive Guidance Issues Dr, Esterle briefly described the current position in the V,S,A, Subsequently it was decided to carry forward further discussion of this issue to a specialist meeting which Would also consider toxicology, Product Innovation (il Barclay and Cqpri TR discussed the origins of BRRCtAY and CAPRI in Brown C wllliauon, and stressed the need ior multi-function involvement early in the concept stage of a new product, The identification of market opportunities uaJ identified as a critical Stage in product development, preferably anticipating competitors' activities, Contd/,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill I -5- Contd/,,, (iil Ultra Slim Conference R_eporta AIH reported on discussions in BATCo on ultra·sli~ cigarettes, ineludinq the presentation to the meeting held in tendon in July. Although existing short term tests such as the Ames test are not sufficiently robust to permit use in product development, there is an active programme to pursue alternative tests recommended by our toxicological consultants. Currently the effort of the fundamental group is 2,5 man pears. In the absence of an industry standard method for measuring sidestream smoke was diseussed, and it was agreed that a standard method across the ecoup should be published. In the context of CORESTA, who have now initiated a sidestream and ETS task force. Companies such as Reynolds would be advised, in advance, that the publication uas forthcoming and that there vere no ulterior motives behind it, We will be actively represented at CORESTA by senior delegates. Cross-checking of the BRT method by laboratories to be carried out as soon as possible. After discussion~ there was a consensus that the BAT methodology for discrete monitoring of ambient smoke should be presented at the ETS~ove;Ser. conference to be held in Japan in Validation of work on sidestream irritation and annoyance was also considered to be of high priority in viev of :~nfS:jt~~t~Tplieati~ne. This is being pursued vith external (iii) Future Scenarios ER/EK described the current structure and working practices of the PNAI Produce innovation Committee in BATCP, In analysis of market trends, the ten leading brands now account for nearly 70% of the market and this dommination is likely to increase. The moat important challenge vas seen as a socially acceptable eiparette. The health discussion will also increase while "legal : Initiatives" vill also change with factors, such as lax increases havinl a detrimental affect on the ma rket, Design options against these trends were then discussed, and strategies far derivlnP a project portfolio for development of new products were d: ~seusaed, In discussion the importance of assessing consumer attitudes Was stressed, B~TCF have published this work within the Group. Contd/.., Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill ·b- Contd/,,, (iv) Yery lov Tar Products RE discussed product concepts that exist in the continuum between ebnventional cigarettes and FAVOR-type Products, This approach led to the Creendot target proposal for the product with high nicotine and very low tar and uith consumer satisfaction, Further market ing input is required to guide the strategic development of this project. (V] SmbkinP - ~ scenario for the Year 2000 Trends in general scientific research ad in other factors which might affect the tobacco indus~ry directly or indirectly were discussed as follows: (1) Inereasina longevity would mean that the number of individuais suffering fton various stages of Parkinson't and Alzheimers's disease Would increase. Some believed that smoking might alleviate these diseases, There was also some work suggestino reductions in ~h~;,,ca..,, : ---··- In ···r *Ii~~uil~~s of endcmetrial cancer ano breast cancer in smokers. Effects of nicotine on performance and brain function were also being publicized, (2) lung cancer was decteasina in some countries. Regulatory authorities were tending ;d attribute this to low tar cigarette:. (3) Regardless of the outcome of the ETS isaue~ the issue of pollution in general would make low or zero sidestream cigarettes acre socially acceptable than normal product,, (4) The concept of "other noxae" might be supported and extended if specific DNA adducts were identified. (5) Some liSoratories Were knovn to be using molecular ~ino~~li~::. rechniSues to address the issue pi suscepti~ll Discussion : Evolution or Revolution', implications af the press release an the RJR snokeleJs product were discussed, On balance, delegates could not see such markedly different products such as the RSR device acquiring a significant market share until the year 2000 at least in canada, USA, Germany and possibly the Ut, with Australia and Brazil further behind. on the other hand, the RJ1 device could not be dis~iased out of hand, It vas demonstrably feasible and appeared to address smoking and health issues directly and had some clear product attributes. It was agreed that the existence of the R3R concept and other nev developments including low aidestream, ultra slims and variable delivery will force the pace of technical change in cigarette design, Contdl,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill _ I_ · I -7- eontd/,,, the group agreed to define 'Pvolutionary" products as those in which tobacco, albeit highly modified, is coibuJtcd to provide consumer satisfaction in a cigarette form. Whereas hitherto evolutionary changes have been incremental and show, the future scenario is one of increasingly rapid evolution in response to pressures on the industry, Project "Creendot" from Southampton targetted at a product delivering around 1 mg nicotine and 1 mg tar is an evolutionary approach, albeit involving substantial research and technological development, "Revolutionary" products were defined as ones which night lead to problems moee typical of the pharmaceutical business such as control by regulatory authorities, Whilat the Research Policy Group agreed that we would not wish to pursue radically different products such as pure aeroaol delivery systems, which bore no relation to conventional produces, we could not ignore the RJR initiative, The exact status of the RJR product is not known, If the nicotine in smoke from the device is derived from the tobacco present (tven if onburnt)r then it night be classed as a ciaarette. on the other hand, fottificatiPn with nicotine pet se Would probably lead to classification as a drug dosing device, Product attributes of the RJR device in comparison with the cigarette likely to be produced by "6reendot" [5) Were then considered: $ Positive Attribute: - Negative ~ttribute RJRI rat Oasage and Quality G could RJR~ Sidestream odour, irritability t~ alleged health effects RJR Partial Gas Phase and Quality C may RJR~ Firesafe C- 1 lack of Satisfaction 1 AJR~ Ash RJR- Debris or Remains C~ Arguably, these Indicate the relative attributes of the RJR device and the "Creendot" product, it was agreed that ccnsuner "Trade-Off" analysis uae required to evaluate the concepts further. eontd/,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill ·8- Contd/.,, Stla~cgies for Both_Appraaches The Research Policy Group concluded that whilst out preferred approach was along the lines of Cteendot, we were obliged to pursue this and the RJR - analogue in parallel. Routes to ereendot had already been considered, pot the RJR project, a patentable alternative vculd be the tdrgetl Is yet the level of R~D that micht be required had not been considered in detail. In any event, a thorough patent review was required. for both approaches however it would first be necessary to review the literature on nicotine toxicology, since nicotine! tar ratios appreciably higher than existing products vere proposed. Resources Tn view of the overall reduction in R&D numbers over the past 3 years, all existing Group resources in Rs0 are fully committed, Discussion therefore centred on approDtiate methods of Prganising nev resources to develop thk products. YariaoS option; on the coqc;i:icn and location o the t;.o projects vete considered, including: (a) multi-eentred project teams (RIRBUS analacyl (b) single location project teams at louiJvillel Hamburg, or Southampton (F) sequential handling of the project (Product Development at touisville, Producticn at Barnburg) (d) independent location for special project teams After discussion, the consensus view was for "Greendot" to be a single location Southampton project and RJR to be a multi· location projeet~ lead by B~w with a clearly defined project leader to be appointed in each area (not necessarily from RED). The need for close collaboration with Marketing in both projects was heavily stressed, AIH was asked to seek appropriate approval Lot funding this work, Whatever mechdniam is aoreed it is essential that no staff vorking on these projects should be switched to assist in short ten problems. C6ntd/,., Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill -9- Contd/,,, tcaf Research and Tobacco BiotPchnolapy Short-teta strategies in relation to competitor's activities veri discussed, particularly in relation to PI: Brazil had been successful in developing techniques to handle inferior grades, as vas believed to happen vith PM. There uas a discussion on pi's general market strategy which appear to include an ability to match market leaders from competitors, after evaluation of all options on a local basis. Subsequently the product is moved towards the O,S. norm, Traditionally, long-term strate9ies within BAT had concentrated on acelimatizatian of varieties to countries where tobacco growers are assisted, Aevever, biotechnology should be used as a basic tool for product innovation and to supplement existing techniques such as tissue culture, Fundamental knouled~e required before bioteehnology could be used purposefully included: (dJ introduction ot genetic mapping (b) establishment of biosynthetic uays, This knowledge could be directed at the following objectives: (i) flavours (ii) tari nicotine, nitrate, nittosamine precursors (iii) other noxae, etc, Canada raised the question of coordinating effort in this area. it vas agreed that this he done through Graham Read (GAR) although a meeting uas not envisaged in the immediate future, However, C3R Would prepare a position paper, Quality Processes BrW referred to their quality programme and to the article "puality in Research and Devciopmcnt" ISRI International), Delegates thought that quality could not be easily quantified but could usually be detected. Factors Which probably contribute to quality included freedom of scientists to communicate and publish, reasonably Iree contact vith bosses, external consultants and peer scientists and a degree of freedom to explore unprogtammed ideas, Contd/,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill ~_~ ·10· Contd/,.. on publication i: u~~ agreed that Work Will be published providing it does not provide commercial product information to competitors, It Was also noted that uithdeaual [ron industry associations such as the T,r, and rnfotab Would lead to increasing isolation of the companies and their scientists and a strategy to counter this lenlrney was required. Problems were also foreseen Where our approdca is inconsistent across the group, e,g. currently Canada is quite heavily involved with other tobacco companies in relation to ETS, Effort Distribution 0 ill I,h · · ~ on toup sea programme AIH reviewed the position in 1985, in which a move from centralized research to decentralized research was discussed. Progress against the coals set then had been good. programmes are standardized in formatl reporting on progress is improving and technical specialist meetings have been given a higher profile. Resaarc~ heads meetings nov address broad issues and the Scientific Research Group has been set up. Applied research and technical support Was being carried out effectively Within the Group However, R6D total effort in the group has diminished by 10$, and whereas each centre is willing to share its R6D findings With other ceneres, vith the exception of O,K., Brazil and to a small extent Canadal no Work is undertaken on behalf of the Ct3up, In terms of the Work programme iong- term issues are ceeting less attention, and the consequences of not doing lone·~erm research are exemplified with the announcement of the RJR project, Which probably combined Z years recently c:ngletPd exploratory research with a lonoer period of fundamental research, This appraisal uas accepted recognising that with projects ~IRBUS/CREENDOT We uere recommending a form of project cent~alisation i,e, in contrast With the previous experience we Were targettine fundamental research at a project concept. Objectives in ceo;dinaling research Were agreed, but all countries stated that they Would like to see a greater amount of central coordination. specifically they believed AIH's Coordination role should include RhO aspects of the following areas: (a) ISOICORESTA (b) SLIM CIGARETTES (C) GREENDOTIAIIBUS Con td/,., Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill Q ·11- Contd/,., In addition it was agreed that: (a) I1H Would visit research een~~es at least annually to carry out a research audit. However, reports on such visits Would not be circulated to all of the other research cenlres as they aight solely relate to problems etc. of a local nature, (b) blH to make sure that Research Directors were aware of key presentations to senior BAT and CIC management so that they were well informed for any subsequent discussions, Tf necessary, meetings of Research Directors should be convened to enable a consensus of BAT view to be established at the scientific level, prior to a key presentation, (c) AIH to attend future meetings of the leaf Steering Committee, Which ideally needs nev terms of reference Delegates also asked for an audit report by Dr, Frank Harsh showing where countries had succeeded or failed to enter programs/progress reports on the data-base for Group Projects. Delegates found the various categories of research defined by Aln at the 1985 Conference extremely useful. These are (updated): i, Fundamental or Basic Research Scope: Inovledge seeking but unlike academic research is confined to subjects of business relevance Timcscale: long Output: Scientific Information 2. exploratory Research Scope: Free ranging experimentation Timescale: Short output; Potentially useful nev ideaslconcepts 3, Applied Research Scope: Application of knowledge gained from fundamental research to highly targetted goals Timescale: Short-nedium Output; ~ Products, processes or techniques a, Technical Support Scope: Use of available techniques to solve problems Tineseale: Short Output: Data~ advice Contdl,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill -12· Contd/,,, Future Meetings It vas agreed that the 1988 meetin9 of the Research Policy Group vould be held in Germany and the 1989 Pcet!nq in canada, Technical Excha_noe ~eetings There vas considerable discussion on meetings of Technical specialists' and the folloving programme was tentatively agreed: Contd/,,, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 a a E E a II u u I I IV I I u L I I L I E Xt 1 1 I I E a "Y I I L X ~ X3 ~ X X 00 n LY ~E4 u PI "* O a hL I 1 I I E a E E a a I I O a L E)I 0~1 YYL) * a~L a 1 E~1 a 3 1~ Ir~e 3 Lr O 3 Yur ~eoe P tel 3ZXE e oL a o ra m r 3 c c c ~Y O O O O O x~ \\ ~I 1) ~ , h Z 4 C YC ) Y a a C a L ~t Eg ~I YIQ 31 ~y a O$ II II 401 1) y~ I IP~EO~ I k r O a k 1 0 ,\ O~L CC O I ) , y ~O a O a E O~ E 13 I ,L 1 E a uu ~ Ca 3 u Lu 3 1 0 OP a 1 31 Y a I ~I 1E 1 0~ ~ 1 1 I IL ti* PC )I '3 r ~O a IC I P a a I~ I~ Pw L ~t E a 3 I OE ~1 00 P LO 4 b a g O~ YT ~C E E a a u u a 0I Cdp I L I E 11 L 90 3 L a C 1 03 p u O r u O E a e 1 3 E rF a a a a YY t t III ar PP I O P O O O O \ n a n n o h C Q ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni I~ ·14· Contd/,,, Notes on n!cti?gs: i, Initiative in eootdinatlng work in this area to be taken by Southampton. 2, In future to include physical and engineering aspects, ~t was emphasized that delegates must go fully-prepared to meetings, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ENVIROEIBEWTAL IOBAC[O SMOKE; WHY IS IT A PR(IBLEM1 --------------3e ISSIES TO BE A~OAISSED: i, POIISIW\I: - GUIDELINES IEGIS1P~TIONS 2, SOCIAL - HEAIM CONCE~YS 1HDOOR AIR QW1I~Y~ 3, TECHNlr~LI - NATURE. OF EfS ASSESSING EXPOSUI(E·WSE·RESPMJSE C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 CA11S FOR FURTHER RESEARCH -- EPIDEFIOLOGY II 'LoNGITUDINAl STUDIES TO INYESTICATE EFFECTS OF ETS EXPOSURE ON LUNG FUNCTION - TO CONTROL FOR HOLISINGlCLIHATE - TO ASSESS DEVELOPMENT OF AIRWAY HYPEg·RE~PONSIVEHESS, 2, COHORT STUDIES OF NORMAL AND AT-RISK POPULATIONS - ASTHMATrCS - OBSTRUCTIYE 1UNG DISORDER PATIENTS 'ANGINA AND HEART DISEASE PATIENTS, 3, ASSESS THE INTiRPCTION BETWEEN. ETS AND RADON EXPOSURE, 41 EXAMINE HECHANISRE THROUGH WHICH PATERNAL SMOKING ADYERSELY AFFECTS FETAL GROWTH IN'NON-SMDKINS MOTHERS EXCRETION AND ABSORPTION OF ETS * TRANSPLACENTAL HETABOIISM, NON-EP I M~IOI~GY DETERMINE THE CARCINOGENIC CONSTITUENTS OF ETS - CONCENiRAIIONS IN DAILY ENVIRONMENTS, 2, EXPLORE PdE ETIOLOCIC ROLE OF INHALED DEO\Y PRODUCTS, J, QUANTIFY tHE OOSE.RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP USING BIOLOGICAL MARKERS , 4, ANIMAL STUDIES TO: - EVALUATE TIMING Of PHYSIOIOGICAL CHANGES IN LUNG FUNCTION a - ASSESS CHANGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCT1DNS, Q Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 CALLS FDR FURTHER RESEARCH SUBJECTIVE 11 FIEU) STUDIES tO DETERMINE AN APPROPRIATE YISITOR ACCEPTAB ILrN RATE, 2~ INVESTIGATE THE E:FMI OF FIITRAIION OF ETS, BOTH PHASES, INQUOING YENTIIATION AND CLEANING SYSTEMS ON ABATEMENT OF DISCOMFORT, 31 DEIERM[ NE APPROPR IATE OBJ ECTIVE PHYS I OLOe i CAL OR BIOCHEMICAL INDICES TO MEASURE IRRITATION4 OBJECTIVE 1, DETERMINE CONSTITUENTS OF EJS RESPONSIBLE FOR IRRITATION, 2, COMPARE NORMAL AND ATOPIC INDIVIDUALS, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 I CALLS FOR FURfHER RESEARM i, FURTHER In\lESTIGATION INTO IHE NATURE OF ETS: --- ) STANDARDIZE CO1LECTION AND EVALUATION METHODS FOR ETS, I ~G1NG STUDIES OF ETS TRANSFER Of PARYICULATE PHASE CONSTITUENTS OF SS TO YAPOUR PHASE OF EJS, i EXi~i~lNAT~ON OF AMINE RELEASE iiliH RESPECT 50 N-NliilOSATION - ROLE OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE, ) DETERMINE PRESENCE AND CONCENTRATIONS OF TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC COMPONENTS IN ETS DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN PHASES - EFFECT OF AIR CLEANING SYSTEMS, COMPARATIVE BIOLOG1CAL TESTS OF ESS AND SS · ]N VITRO GENOTOXICITY ASSAYS WHOLE YSI PARTICULATE : - IN VITRO TUM'OUR PROMOTION PND FRESH YSI AGED CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY · INHAU\TION STUDIES I AIR DIL~fION EFFECTS, - SRIN PAINTING, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 2, ASSESSING EXPOSURE FIND A ~9~R951 FOR TOTAL ETS EXPOSURE, ) ASSESS WHETHER A TRACER fOR ONE PHASE CAN INFER EXPOSURE TO THE OTHER - DE'CESMINE RE1ATlYE PADPORTIONS OF VARIOUS CONSTITUENTS fN BOTH PHASES1 - EXAMINE RSP VARIABILITY IN BOTH PHASES FOR A RANGE OF PROOUC~SI Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 SUMMARY OF FUTURE EMPK~SES GREATER EMPHASIS ON AGING STUDIES i PUANT1TY, TRANSPORT AND FATE OF ETS CONSTITUENTS - DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION BETWEEN PHASES - EFFECTS Of AIR DILUTION, 21 GREATER EMPHASIS ON VAPOUR PHASE CONSTITUENTS · LESS LIKELY TO BE REMOYED BY CLEANING SYSTEMS · MORE LIKELY fO BE RETAINED I POTENTIALLY MORE HAZARDOUS, 3~ GREATER EMPHASIS (IN PUANTIFYINC EXPOSURf.DOSE-AESPONSE RE LAT I ONSHI PS MARKERS - BIOLOGICAL TESTING I EPIDEMIO1OGY 4, RECDMMENOATION FOR STANDARDIZATION I QUESTIONNAIRES I REPORTING OF INPUT PARAME~ERSIACKHOnLEDeEMEN~ OF CONFOUNDING SOURCES I TESTING ENVIRONMENTS, 10 ILI~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 R 8 D PRIORITIES 1, SET ETS IN CONTEXT - R~PRESENTATIYENESS OF MRKERS CONFOUNDING SOURCES I OTHER INDOOR AIR CONSTITUENTS, 2, FURTHER AGING STUDIES FOCUSSING OW: - TOBACCO CONSTITUENTS OF INTEREST · DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN PHASES · AIR DILUTION EFFECTS - ULTIMATE FATE OF VAPOUR PHASEI 3, BIOLOGICAL TESTING OF ETS: IN VITRO ASSAYS: AMES SCE (1) I ANIMAL STUDIES, 4, PRonucT RESEARCH: - CONVENTIONAL, PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT - DETERMINE AND REMOVE CARCINOGENS - DETERMINE AND REMOVE IRRITANTS I MONITOR ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS, 5, ENGINEERING STUDIESI - OCCUPIED VS, UNOCCUPIED SPACES AIR D~LU~fONI~IXINCIAIR EXCHANGE EFFECTS ~ SMOKE MIGRATION FROM SMOKING TO NON·SMOKINC 6, DEMLOPMENT~ · DETERMINE MARKERS - EXPOSURE MONITORING DEVICES ANALYTICAL METHODS, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~~~I__· QUESTIONS IS THI OETERRIIIATION Of EUAK~RS I.fEASIBLt ID )IERITABIE EXERCISE? 21 DO WE WISH TO DEVELOP METHODS FOR: OBJECTIYE BIOCHEMICAL/PHYSI 010tlCAL INDICES FOR IRRITATION I IbE~TIFICATION/ISOLAT10El OF CARCINOGENS AND TOXIC AGENTS IN EDDY FLUIDS - PROTEIN DNA ADDU[T ASSAYS - IMT,UNOASSAYSI POST-IABE1IING fOR BIOLOGICAL MARKERS, 3, Do #E WISH fO ENTER THE DEBATE ON ME VALIDITY OFI ~ EPIDEMIOIOGP STUDIES2 E,G, NO TRUE CONTROLS, MISCLASSIFICATION SPECIFIC RESPONSE MEASURESI E,G, ELEVATED MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY IN URINE, 41 ~S STANDARDIZATION A WISE BUSINESS DEtlSrON1 51 HOH DO WE PURSUE AND COMMUNICATE THESE ACTIVITIES · ACTIVE 1N·HOUSE 'THIRD PARTY 'JOURNAL PUBLICATION · PUBLIC MED1AI Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111