ljth December 1993 Mr. P,D. Case~ll r ~s~i· CEIER~TION OF E~RONME;YTALIY bCCEPT~ ~F~ITERS OB~ECTIVE To develop alternative commcrcjally Mcc~dic Ctm Ihat diridcgnte rapidly md degrade in the cnvircnmnr. When used in appropriate ciSarette eonnmctionr the performance chani~;crilicr olrhe resulting products Hill be complnbie to current - r: figarntedeignr and thereby create new makctinS opponumtler Two lines oflechid devriopmmts are being followed: A. Rerr prod~o? using extrusion technoloM. B. ~P~cr filters made using novel technologies. EXPERME~UI IL\S: KEY MILESTONES ~~D ~BION DATES. A. Extrusion Technolo~ i. To date prototype extruded macrili has been produced that has potential for Funhe~ development into cornmercially acceptable filters. fhiJ matwiai currently consists of rtar$, cellulose aceme nake and a binder, and fii:er rods have Sc:n Fioducd that cover ,,pe oFcircumicrcnce, pressure drop, :C densities and firmr~css, Simulated en;imnmentai testing illustrates thtthis material disinte:rates in less than twenty four hours, Whereas CA filters are unaltered after Soles Inonths of~erting in the sa~ne cn\ironment. The filtration efficicncj ior these Len is apyoximateiy 254 for ~T~R' over a wide presr~re drop ranp 2. The net stage is (where posJible) to seek and obtain darrul expcr6se and relevant pratotype clpipmcnt opabie oFhanding E~t~ded rods with the capaciy larimpmdnl the finished surface charaetcmecs of current *wded ma~c~al, 3 b$llionofhir~lrluipmtntmdd~ridonroprluC~KI~E 199;), mdbnbrFialuatimFfly199~: b) RKdpt olpure~wscd nluipmenl d RlrJmmlndnrion olrrluipmenl modi6gtiorjdevtlopmcnl (bu51K C "1· I·I CI I:PCF - ~ ~;·~::: lasl 27i01160 COV:iDE~il41 , CATEGORY 1: ~1[STilOTiOB~CCO LITIG~TIO~· Evfu~: modb md Cc:dop prololype ~trms ~duQay 1) Sidng oi~roduc, (lvl3lch 1993). b) H33diinS ofprcduct(~lrch 19932 c) C~dng oipro~sa, ~~rcb 1994); d) Codil oTpwdua, guae 1994). cl Dn~g oilrod~c, ~unt 199;1). Sc~c: ~~~h ~iF~cduct (~une 191~) pj ~c~~~~ oic~dc~ produa, (Seprt~be: i 99:) 1T sac~D a; xo;;~ THAT TB M~~TIO~ iS TO :~~IOP ~ SlOw STE~~ P~OTOT~S RIG A\3 HOf ~ ~Ga !i~~~ P~ODUC;:O~ 4I~C~~~. E~dcr~ 5~:::r~clr::!sr 3313_3 ~nB etd 19e:i Rciecrc~ :!~:=~r~~ B!:o :he tr:~d:: ito bc:!~:i ou! ~;ri~~ ;s j a~~. ::~:~:: ~:~ ~~~ ?::~C:3:~ ~~~L~ :t:~~:C~~: i:: j~~2~: ~::tz~~ :::::::-t: ~c: ~S~s:~t~ . :'' ~~: ~~~ ZLt i!e: Ter~r=tl B. P~ptr i~on: C~~~r:nd Sord bllo~~ Er~l~don:ad dt~~spmcnr I. In ma IF9j E~n wlr: nmuhcrurcd tom two dIifc:eni s3utc3s si5lpcn~b paper Ooe on Iro ccnlad~ filler mokiog ~uml ~Bm im 2 Qac of pnrlx hop 6sal md ·dg~J were cYacb ~Lal were df;:d onto pmduas i be ~93 lpd Llod to dli filtration cbrr:dsdct ~~lr to eonvedsp~ rlyda ptpcr ~hcrr Simuhtcd 33v1ronm3nt31 tnmg ~9elel Ln Le filers d:sldt moR rapidly Lla copmrabl C~ Ben al;d P~~a plr ~· butnor npidlylr Le caruded I+d. .C CllbPDF - vwwf3stlgy~80 COSTIDE$TIAI · CXTiCORY C ~nSSEfOfh TOBhCCD IITIC~TIOX. " 1 Tic anJ po~e~ oPdln B::rr~s drape mu~ alnu~nn i j;pg ~ddrcsscd b~ 3 gdt~DP dlJOmlke plla pda md c~tdednl oiLac macddl hnclplb,mp Lr pncd~r ca 1 praogpe 81a edm;a bil dcr8opcd by BA~C~ (DEl m Le 300 ~v~lZg eioac aide eommadl qacml fs! Irpa ~1 ~w be Iniurd IPJ Y1Y Igg~ ~ ae Pd$n) El~ua~a aiercd~~ thu ndlc: Jc~: tcnien md $drode~ janhng h C;P:I Ilpr SDa ~d·'dc"'i $a Pb·bg roR nCd 1!TldldOL ~~i hsfie R~dn vl r:nmr:;:!t~ Izm~n ne yod~x~ %r ~) sbc~e aBi:w :~c:;~~hi ;o R·~!~:6C;;:: ~tE~~~, B~etc~e;z;l:~kt~l r~ Is 31 3~~n ~: ~6~e: dc~i~F~e~~:~~~::~i use (~p~l i 9F: · f, f~tE~d:: ~~c: '1~J~ .·.~· ~· ~~GC~~t3 hP? C3j;~ C3~~; :~~~?3t! Soe~~ ar~nc: A!i~~~~n ~ii ~:~::: (C:ti:;:: T:Fj 6~·: Sec~i S4~~i~r~r~ COYMEBCIAl POTE~TIAI He~ pmdla mlbnbl bppanPida Sl~~bhl aguhtc~ pc~~praP~o DiBrcnd~cd pndud re·compeihoa I~ 1C Co~ bc3cZn. ,O CI bPD~- yin! b~l~HC~n mu:~nr~~~l .TITT~ORY ~al~YFFnTI mRICCO Ll~tA~IOS. *M~· bB3 I ~ 5·111.111 OIIff 919981 Onhm I·1 J YIR 8t998155619 ~ s~u~a~ RoYI Qll ROY: 13 Dlc~~r 1993 Dm: r~~ 0UI IPI lind 1110 1UU~: ~~S~1Y~IC clmmiDi iir, leYI d C~"·~· i" ~~ laborItoriIsl wh~h maasurls t~ digrll of IrB of cursd o~cco p~~ R~~r~: 110R~BdAS1719 LIJ Dlpnlal 93,29,280 lae~ 86191: Al6iIl 01 tilt (Ild~lr ovl~pb ~ c~nfuly Cded ~aps ~ mrl I~~ Clo,~r L*n IrlYJ i ehanOll in IJ eh~i~ · riplrjn5, both Ir /Rs ~~ ad I~t h~ ~Co (1 blnlmYd,mibs d((n g·ll dDwll tO ~ILD II· n(t IIIYI I inC,in~cnc~ch Tnl nrl0t I~ il: ~dividvalAl~loids, Individo~l Sugan, LI Cn1610~6~C ~ br Polyph·~ Pmtcin 1 LJ N, hr Sdubli Pmtdn, ·d ~~ L oI 8d C~ ~~ylopccb~n, AmYlp", Sd"i"l' k~~~L l3iV1t1N, Sok~bh ~ W ~Y ~~ A C~O~idd, ht~SSilM, CdlCiUmr AlPhl i N' ~ d Yl)Ua ·~dlUrjd h lbwI IIL~eanY~a af bl LI Ldn9 15 15 p~en C~Arl Id~ YI( I~ PIIL 1~ [5) thI ~~~ of D~ ~oaaCI (~9. Ycd i~l Ixhdrq IbdF uvnI Ad'''~ ·O~ d nBJ dlvloClakr kJ~al OspImolnt, b, OIiIdiII Or ylrl Al*la to DUE is ~ Q·ln ~r C~d in Tp~pO YIP n Oetpblr Qob Y~ ffJW4, 19991 in ·YL I~* d thl Ir15d Ol~E 1~1 15 d,mlnd fa I mlbix 15 26 rCI CIP tl I L69111 b~ 5 ~~ Irl 3 5 luN(n I~n Ir~ld i ~led~ ~F· i : . I~· "' ,..,, ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni The data in this paper shows that,in the ease of nicotine, concentration decline with later harvest data for a 6vsn planting data land do dsdiws with later planting date for I giwn harvest datel. Nicotine is maximised at early plantinglearly harvest and minimisld at late plantingdltl harvest (sams numbe~ ol days in the Lldl. Eraedy the opgols vends are apprent for reducing sugars. Ecualiv, it L paro:cularlv apparent in the sugars data that very immature tobacco Qate plantingleartY harvedl can have almost exactly the Jaml sugars content w ver( mature tobacco leedy plaadngnata harvest) (1LBW and 19.0% reJpect~elyl, This demonstrates the inappiieability of traditional leaf caivtss to indexing maturity, Solanssd end neophytadiena, two of lte OUIIE arnlbs, show, in the Canadian data, I strong relationship to matwitY factors; the relationshiPs reemble those established for 6cotina, of the major leaf components in the canadian wwt, ehlo~o~wie acid and malic acid look pameularly interesting, trending in opposite diracliwu with inalcdng matutity, So if one compares, for the middle planting date, early harvest (immaturai and late harvest Imatwel, chloroganie add increases with leaf maturity and malic acid rsduees~ This suggests that a ratio of these two acids may be a good maturity index IFigure 1) Whilst ehlcmgenic add IJcaffscyiquinie acidl increases at lear harvest dates, aM of its komert, 52aff~oylquiric acid trends in the opposite diaedon. Thus the ratio 3CaPISCL1A appan strongly related to maturity (Figurs 21. Thus this may also form a useful maturity index, given that, Ilthough 5C(1A is not on the list of OUIIE analytes, it is automatically measured on the polyphends scan, dong with ehlorogenic acid and nrtin, The fact that chiorcpanic add 13CaA1 and 5tOA are measured simultaneody on the same scan may increase the potential powa of this index in bath work efficiency and reproducibility terms. c, Orada Sel~e~on Hands of the 21 grades supplied from Zirnbabwe were inspected by members of Leaf Oepmnent and the following selection was mads: RV, R1K, R2 and RW premium top sida (4 gradesl since thess leaf position grades are well separated in matlrir, based upon visual and tactile eonsidera~oru. d, Phvsicai Data Emc% end fill vaue F 13.9% data t OLDIE grades was o~tained for ail 21 grades in the set, Table 1 indicatesrhat if 2G·2kN·1·2X is taken as a raie of i~kting maturity and G·CFBFAF·MFR·E·O·D·S·FS·SM·OHjF is taken as a plant position scale (top to bottonl: · genaraliy increasing smc# with maturity · lower fv at mid matuity .highast ~mcX at mid·planl The RV and Grsenlsliek grades are;h~W~V~l~lfG~~I~ Pdll lls high in Imc~ and law infv in rompiw with the Jet. a, gel Pata The full set of OLDIE gradaa has also been examined by a deer Inhs·l~d system which is eunsn~dy in the CeMs on vial. 16 of the 21 OLDIE grades wars O examined, and a mstuity index suppbd based upon the scale used in emclfill IV' Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 analysed value WML, Bued upcn liis glibndM~ thB "maining 5 pradalwen and their matwitiel predicted, I pul o~ 5 pt the padidiorwsra.sn(l ~Fil"d 31. Whiiat thil systbm is laid and la~il to ooaratel it is IYPIF~VI. HOWIYII the main PPls 01 thiJ inmwn~otPdon it mold nioofina and CII enalYda; if ~ces~f~ and widely adoptsd aa a result, this method may hve longer Is" al~cs~i~v for indsd~ mstu~Y· m' wori: so ~ 10 d'moNasu U thm pmuily '" comoonnllrl I'B""t in laaf w~jrh an "lmd m MRUin~ and which the main dY seekJ re idemify· toncenttating antha chemistry of t~m fou~ ~mina~sd a Llrada ~~ CU"'"' f, ehsabtry Data ~~~:~ L.mlY Impoda aMwla .nan~ut w" " dsclea WOIE the fOUI MMj6L rm best trends KI CT am 5VidePI in pBUX, ns~ch,l0tdl N~ Solubla N~ prl N, 3CO~, 5CM Id Ca, sc wsl. *opdsjn Pin inda bared UpPO 1IRgPldUI N nb0 ,av hdd Inns pomia at thb slags, Rotein N and Its~h wan nor mlu~ed in the Canadian studY; how,var omet r rafersnces amonqa 6e 15 pa~sts eencludd,lD' B"mple: R~e9 ul Ul~wNd-~hvdntl(;-~'~Ja Tob. Aas, reducing auearel decreaaa on ~~lvlb~~· nPfeit siowna 1 1919, 5, nunmdon ef Nkcnruvp g IIIU~ltY a inuEoSu in wc~ 1, GoP~" e~p d~inO 80 rnaarre rDaaeeo, Rutin in#e~ in ever manee Gopllcrjri Fie tobacco in acid 1HnM tobi&o9r ~diublLH~FJ 14,1~F411 ~~ ~bY*l DITsYln~DinUU N,a~emj~ds~Ydl fdbDDd by ~xli~n, wmhmn 1981, U1 wuono~ "~dIpm~bYwu~la~o~mdn Commantl O~ ~itareh and ~rMain N am in pailsl with our own mdinp hom the data, it can be sedn that 3tOA, as urall at 5eOR, dacrslxl in mM, mature samples; muJ this makes 3tL~iSCOAls~uPm~jgs.i"dllban~a Canadian study impU~ How~"'' I doJd be nnai tha, u ICM and 5COR decline, another palyphencl, Jcopdetin, increasss~ fhus jCMlscopaisdn (01 i SCPAhCariefin~ NY be IpplOPill) IM fuLr asa;ng la neat donl· The ~ems~i~ data lilliop the gap in ~qs 2 will. be wilabil b~C' y*"d' with data la tbs nmaining aMlytes lirted under I· llo' which mnhods an bair31 dsveloDadl deMe in aariy 94~ Ghamical maaaulaa which, frM1 La det~d slyris of thd R p~r show I Next Step: reladcnship with leaf mawily win than he Imld on dW fOli~w~ olldl DO: SZG, OZK, 02, 02 (1 lugleunsr graded AFZV, AFZK, AFZX, 002 14 de grade~. which were alsoIlscted after leaf axaminotion~ At the end oflal the meritthis wotk:of examining other grades in the sans cr the ecmpanien ~t~m OB gradaJ for ulacted d~emical componsntJ Wiil a ec~rad C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 (b) most imporwntly, recommendations will be midi ooncwning the prsfemld indsx for IJ mla19, Iogsthar wim derailsd dcawnenteticn of a miytical pocsdure, so rhat Iwf labcntor( impbmamaion can taks pb. Ib __ .. . :~. .. ..`::*IV L7 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 OU31E EMC ·PROJE~ 20 . 2K 2V 2 2X /AVERAGEi 13l57 16,321 14~9E I AF 1 151261 15~93/ 17.21 i 17,0_51 1611 8 I 1 15,90) 15~33 15~69 i ~I5.56 / 1 5.62 1 16,20 1 l~,p I 0 i 16,42 15.141 15,041 15,9_21 15.Q S 14.711 ( -1 13,03( i 13.871 iAVERAGE: -1 14.71 15.861 ~5A7~ 15.1?( 16·v i RV 17,00 Gleenlslict ) 16,40 ~13 20 I 26 2V 1 2 IW_AVERAGE 4,94 4.77 4.381 AF 4,14~ 4,65 1 4,161 483 1 4.$6 R -1 4.22 ( 4,79 4,21 3,89 4~8 4,09 404 0 I i 4.12/ 4,53( 4.761 6,30 "33 S 4,941 ~T 4,78 ( 1 4.36 VERAGE: 4.94( 4.16 4.66 4,50 4.96 a.64 RV 4,26) 1 I -I I I O GreuiJlielt 1 117 Q Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~E~"~J~~ ;I I 1 11;1~ ; I I;; ;III a II; ,I Is I ;II : mu'i 11 111: ~ 1~1 n I'"l MAIXQA 21 $ 2 3 5 6 Horvs~ 0~1~ A a c Mpl~p$w E~pknGnllbla Up~n6npdo~ -~E 4 -t .a Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 111(11(3 IBE 3CQAlSCM II 11 10 a I s o 2 j 5 1 A B C ~ ~lal~ EI~P~Y U~Y -+ t t O O W a ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni r~~~b~it~ 7 6 5 I 3 i 2 O O 2 3 1 5 B t Aehd M~ri~ O O C~J I~J n ~· · O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 British·American Tobacco Company Limited \B~T/' TECHNOlOGY eENTRE RO BoI90 Rnjsntb Pt~ Road SouthamptPn 909 IFS Englmd t~l~phons: Southampton (0703) 7821 11 Telex: 477269 Fax: (0703) 779115 hi6~N4h~( aup i-r~e ·~i~d L b FuiZtu Or~j~ ~Pi~C~ · ·a,ChHI~L dhl;U B161~1 Ahyq·~ ~6~4~ r \f~ti~;M /C~UkhPT Clu~~Jr9kpk\sY ~IIReeK~v$3 ISEST/P~bd"il \.I. Yk;a~;B~DuM4 h F4P~P(L. TY~·Ul"~emd~d u~i~lab ~;lbo~La 6~.~fhuid ~y ,~1~ g, C~h4L~ ~ CH j a Si~:~c~ V).UVFJV ia 6kr $~ek iy~ iM~1·8~8*9~ v~l·l~"bF· B~L~g~ C-d ~J.~js~~lR~i" 4·1- IB :O !O 'W JUbOGn[t Mluun~ KnowLnGaL~ bplu TWII IDY ~CrJ IUWmPII1IUI~MYGX~'I(~U"IIIlIDPHlln( -···-·3:11: 1 · ··I·· ~1 s .. ·.-, *.-· ··-- ··· ·-·.r I c-~.- '- "·· ~- ~ 't Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 rMP. kl~ FaTER )~GRAb~ILITY AND ~1 m~~ DIYIRONMENTAL II~ a " O o W k - · ·,~ U -- ...~ -r- "'~"- ~··--·-·~ -~ ~~~·· ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni Subjret: Filter d~ndahilitv and redlrrd tnvimnmenbl jmp3a BackPro~d Dk~ardcd dganne butts are qubly tht mon ibi8wn IIFgat~dy RinfoKig her in the context althe impact oicigarme products an the environment The majority of cigarette filters arenurently manufaauRd from cellulose acetate (CA) based fbres, a material that is not readily broken down in the environment, Its persistence is due primarily to its insalubilig and its reduced potential for miaobial depdatian, The rate ofdegradation of the conventional CA 61tcr is further impeded by the use of planidsw during the manufacturing process resulting in crordidds of the fibres to enhance fitea firmness, Conventional CA filters are known to persist i the environment Lr many months and even years under conditions found in masv landfill sites, The major CA filter tow manufacturers have undertaken developments to improve ~e "C of dispenai and degradation ofthese materials by reducing use of pi~o~dso, developingfomniadonr Ihn ue suPeplible to W dgadabn and by demonsuac~g that under certain conditions naturaldegradation of CA can occur. Currently the most optimistic time·6ame for dirpersal and degradation of CA flterr is 6·9 montb. In additioa to C4 cigarml 6ilut have b~en manufaaured using paper matrai However based on thdr performance characteristics (paper oCmste, end stai~e~ relative to C4 they an not extensively used, In comparison with CA Btcrs, pgcr filters are slightly Icss persistent in the environment hut can remain unchanged i many months. The rate of dispersal and degradation of paper P~efi is ]ar~c~ a function of the paper dbm qualities and paper manufacturing process A series of studies have been undertaken in the ETC to examine the extent to ~ch differwlt paper types and altnnk materials can be used $ fiitct manufacture to i · nibstantiliy redoce the presence and persistence of cigarette butts in the cnvironmc~t. Ij in ail of our studies the rate of disprrsal and dbitegra6on of the fihcr material was assessed qubta6vdy using a weuhuomctu. This is a device that operates on 1 specific pre·set cycle Ig a combination of light, wata and heat to ridue wMthering. Although not possible to equate each cycle with quantifiabie weather conditions it does pro~ide a common basis for comparing the performance characteristicS of rarh 611# type. In addition far the purposes of these ~CS dilpersal and disintegration of the fi~er is taken as being equbalmt to Bet dc~datioa 1: P~Jer~n~i~ The major strategy for bnpm~ng the deg~adabtifl of paper Poi material has been to utilize papers manufacbucd from shed 6bres mid with an open 6bre web scrun~rc, rceagisd as the to~a tissue type of paper Papers manufactured to these spedfidans have low mechanical strength characteristics and absorb water more h readily, The papers used for these studies were commercially available and could be O 2 ~k Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill manuiaerured from rccycledrarclial~ Cigarette ~ero were manufactured for the ETC by fiitrona and Decoufll uillin'ng the process of crimping and slit~ng olLe paper during filter manu~zdure The objerdve pflh~ process war to tease zpan the paper fibns and to open further the structure of the paper toaid subsequent dispena. A series of paper filttrs were maMfacnned to 1 range of commercially acceptable pressure drop and Er;nness rpccifica6om and their rates of degradation assessed in the wcathtrometer i comparison to MnYUl(iOPal CA Wters. The paper Zlter samples (Figurt I) ,, arranged in order of increasing 'degnd8litl. ~Uthou~ complete dispeaal of Ihe modiiied papa 51tM has not been achieved, d~eant progress has been made in terms of water absorption, filta swelling wd opening as pre·rcquidttJ for de~adslion, The papers and processes that IPic rise to accelerated degradation also lead to the generation of fibre dust that presents pmblernr in manufacture and potcnrially product use. Even with the modi~catioos to papers used in these studies the rate of depdation is eorsideted to be too slow to be of major environmedalbene~r, Work is continuing under a co~dcntiality agreement with ,paper manufac~rs to detennine the limits to which paper manufacturing processes can be modified to achieve mauimal degradation potential. bdruded CA bake tilters and their demadalion A series ofwlrudcd filters have been manufactured using cellulose acetate Bake together uith ~o binders, starch and hydroxy propyi cellulose. A number of formulations and mdnuEaeblring specifiea~ons have been evaluated. F~tcn ~uve been produced with acceptable ~m~oess, density and pressure drop eharaetcripjcs. E~rudcd C.4 Oake filtws were placed i,the wcnthaPmcta and their degradation ptmtial compared with conventional CA tibre ~es and a cormncrciai paper based filtw and these results art presented inFgR 2. ~hen the degrada6on potential oithe exrmded Iler is evaluated it is seen to de~ade in older of ma~~ude faster Ihan My papstyptevaluated. It is dlar that the mtruded filter oaks vwy conddnable potential L rcdudng the Plr problem associated with dgarcae use and the pcnistcee af eigante butts in the environment. In addition to ~ffaing ,cI weather degradation potential exfilded ifilters liave been made that are su~cicnlly brinle to shatter underfoot and therefore applicable to a range of arvironmada conditions. Currently the finished surface quality and ,d appearance of the exwded filra is not suitable for commercial use and proeess a~neenngineer;ng is being developed to solve this problem. This includes both work on the Ewnuder itself and on the downstream homing of the j . 611a as it e~ts the cd~udcr. The rlncclu~g in the downmeam handling ~i~s elements of the technolo~ts applied to extruded plasfie rods and tubes. The short term ii bring to produee Lcrr that ean be attached to plain cigarette rods using 1 i I ' :..·· .... · · · · · ~EPSEEOOS Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill exining manufaeruring aluipmtm. The long term aim bdng a rystan that will allow the commercial seak ~Fanuf~eture of cigarettes using mtcrJ of this type, 'Ihe ETC developments involving paper and armded Pm are covered by patent applications, ~PSIl Bo6 the routes audincd above, i.e, paper modaution and extruded CA offer considerable cost saving potential over the conventional CA filcu, this is on the basis ofthe raw material costs. C,A, Ilnd_ 6,10.93 OARCldrpbb SEblTC00$ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 FIGURE 1: PAPER FILTERS (WEATHEROME~ERST~4 ZERO CYCLES lo CYCLES ( a~ I ·1 ···· ·- Corr~EN~rroNALC~js~;~;li~' :il co~vEEmo~ALp~i~a~ii I: I Ig :I i: :I i -~· .~X~rP~E~soW~ElsCo~p~ER~Kmni~ODS ···· ····- . ~- nrF~Ro~up~ini~o~iii~m~,~~ ·Y ···· ,· .r- · ~ r ..~ .):.... ... I: : ~ " '' ·.C~ '~:- ~·Z' " . -·~-. rr~··· '·.·····~:', ·(· .· "~·:·'L~·;G''i::C-Zi~~ ···1·· . I ·-··· iM'n·i~ r:; B~sU t: II e ··:+n:J;~ r·~ t~l,.,,,,, .-.~..~..., ·.·.· ·~·· i ~~- :··e ··h~·I~L-·C· i·ii *·?·r -·I If:: --: ·~·· i ·-···~ *·-~ 9EbSFSiOP Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 FIGURE ](mn~nued): PAPER FILTERS (WFATHEROMETER STUDY) lo CYCLES IJIRO CYCLES ,,~ ·~rR9.·i i ~' ' a ·I ·I! .....- iPI 1~1 ~d M DECOUREBOWATERSCOTI THW P1Y pAPER~OWERCE~) b , 1·51 t *' ' '' " tl .;:c. ·'· '~'' " rl :i :lj ii I r i·./ji Ij I· '(I I .' I:. II; sjf~ ..,. .. ii 1EXDECou~EPENorcorW~NP1YPAPER(I~aW~~CP~') ... 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';"rf--':;:.~,'.~.Y.-:C·*;l P~··-: · ··-··· .16;·?~ j : ·: ~Yi '.I ·~:I*~:"~" ~i~~i~·l r,, ··1· ""··; lr .It·~·~·~·~k~j~:~jt7~·~~,, ;:~ ::'`2· ·-·· :·i;· iliulll?~ZI ··I JI:i~ u'--tt ~l~f:~*·' ~"~-- ,* ··:, · -·- ··· ~i~ar~L~~~ ·i "j·C: i:":;· ·' ,~-~,··· C·'~F_ *r."'·"*. ."' *. ..1. ri~:~·'··· ·-ce .·· ·~ ·..·-r, .,,a~t"-~ ·. ·~I .Li~ii·q ·I' ~·-···1 · ... ... hf ·i ·~ ·it_~-· I'. ··~·~CI~ ~WSdsYL~n~-,.: :- I:i.~. Il~ltL.1.L··: !i·l:fi iv.rr: t ~·II·r_ ...· II ,I L ·` ·'~x~F~L~,;Y;ldr.)~d~.~lBS~1Z~Y~·~W~iibP~·*liRU~L~PS~~.1~)Iti:TL'cm' ;-Z~M-" ;;·b~j:I*"--r2-·21 :I 4 ·~~;; ·~~ *I·'"' 3 1· q*: ~*_e ~ n j: !IF .* II B~b9EE/LLUL· Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 BRITISHd,CIERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY LIMITED ~n. -- Mr N. Dwvis REF: RRBlpr FROM: Dr RII, Raker DATE: 7th December 1993 SUBJEC~ Novel Smdk~DevbJ - - On your behalf, John Luke has put four questions to me on background science to novel smoidng devices. The questions were not slated vwy precisely by loh~ so I have ~ven my vasion oiwhat I thik they art, tp~$r with answets, in Appendix I. puespoar sim;ir to there, and srmal ahns wc~ aJked h Sou~tpn in 1989. A r pr9#1 war set up to answer them and provide the sdentifie basis for the fuolre development ct' novel producu (known as Project NOI~A .the original project plans an ~Ven in Appendix n). This project ran for a year when, in August 1990 a CAC Marketing Directors' ~ceting declared that luch pmduets were not wanted by the eompany md the proeen wa~ Irminated (Eee below). k backgrotmd irbormatio4 this note outlines some rclevbnt current and pan Ict~ities on the ~bject of which you may not be fully aware, Ci I"""" ~OVd rmokingdevires fall into two categories: i. Allemai~n prodoiu, in which Le cambunip oflobacm is not the primuy source of smoker satisfaction, e,g, RTR's 'Prwnid ·"revolutionarl" products. 2, Rodunrwhichretainthe~mibunsdf a conventional cigarette while delivering a ~dshly madi~ld tar (eomposition and dole), perhaps with significant reductions ~d~du~dm.~GREWWT cmqe, in BATI i~rmi~agy · INO/Udd~ ~u~t~n~e~n~E~ Reports on assessments of RJR and PM petal on IPnmid and 'GREENDOT concepts have recently been issued by BATCF and BATCo respectively. Then an over 150 patents in total (approximately 100 RIP, 50 PM), many of them wrantb long and detailed, with many speei~e examples, Md very well f#earched In Mnh;uS the BAT Grwp has at mast I, the msjarity olwhieh are rite tmtb (this does not include the ~en'd'p~cnts of the 19601, no longer in forte, or the 7 Gemu~n eo·a~da cigarette RECENTSPARKROM MIUBROOK SoOTBAMPToN SOlm · ---·I···-~~.~~, · ,....~' 6EP91*EOOP Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 patents). Whet Project GRE~IDOT in Southamptan ended (see below), patents were not filed The BAT Group currently has no work in the area of novel products. The Project Planning Group far the Group Technical Programme reviewed the patent assessments on I Ith November 1993 (i.c, myself, H. Haneycutt of B&W, D, Pangritz of BATCF and i. Can~so of Sours CrJz). We agreed: (a) Patents arising out of past Project GREENDOT work should be prepared and (b) A position paper should be written by Ist March 1994, outlining alternative ways of developing iowluitra low tar cigarettes that provide good smoker satisfaction i.e, ways over and above conventional ways currently being used in the Group. The paper will outline what can be done, and how. It is envisaged that sheet andlor extruded tobacco·baxd material will probably be central to the concepS and that the cigarette should also include low sidcstream and low i~idon propensity properties, The paper will be prepared by RG, Hook (BATCo~ W, Schneidcr (BA'ICF) and K. St. Charles (BtW). (c) There are still gaps in 'GREE~JDOT concept patents that could be exploited; there are probably no gaps in'Premicr' concept patents. ~~fi~ G~nmln~runptnineiathltobaccoindumy,a~cthuRIRi;iUiingama 5~A9 , 'GREE~Wf type product at snme point in the future, and not anot~er'PInrid product, Past BAT work on_navel smokina concEats h the early 1980s BAT did small amounts of unconnected work in this arc~ mainly i BsPsedmmnnlhatPJRniomarwaelli~rBworkh~inIb~ar~b Apmmt was bled by 1P. Ray in 1980 on a smokeless, unlit nicotine administration device He formed a company called Advanced Tobacco Products (ATP) in Texas in 1984 and marketed a non·combusticn cigarette called Tavo~. Alan Heard seriously considered joint work with ATP in mid 1986 and r visited their facilities to assess then. We did not get involved with A'IP and their product later failed commercially. in late 1987, when it was realised that RJR were about to launch Premier, two teams were set up in BAT to work in this arch Project AIRBUS was set up in B&W with a team of ~e project sciedistslmgineers, to develop a PremierBa device, Project GREENDOT was set up in Southampton with eight team members, to develop a ~i~pVy modified tar cigarette, Both teams were hand·pickcd. Some aspects of Projca GR~EEE~DOT were also undertaken by BATCF, and both BATCo and BATCF contributed to Project AIRBUS in its latter stages, making materials, measuring materiai properties, doing heat analysis sc, Both projects were terminated within 1 · 2 yeats: Project AIRBUS · tried to ~nd gaps in WR patents and engineer novel concepts without any basic understanding ofthe principles involved OPP9EE008 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 II_ _ many handmade prototypeJ were made, all of which were of little practical use. th, projlcr was crmina~rd in March 1989, largely because of .the failure of Praia in the marks place (exe~udv~ summary ~om 6nal BBrW report is given in Appendix m)~ after the termination of project ~BUS, Swdwnpton was asked to work on the underiying p~eiplcr that could be used in an a]lrmdive product. nis basic work known as Pmjed NOVq began in Southamptan in mid 1989 ith a five man team (projK1 pkns are ~ven in Appendk 9· bis project was terminated a year later aftel.a CAC Marketing directors' conference declared that such products were not wanted by BAT, Project GaEENDOT · this pmjca starred with much CAC Grwp support and originally had a 5 year time scale, the tmm originally worked on topics that were aimed at a rme 'novel' conctpt the pmject was poled mote and more towards jholt;tmn product dcvdopmrm and by 1990 the CAC sponsors withdrcx Juppon because they raw hole novdty Idl in the proiect. lh, projeet war abandoned during 1999 less than half way through its original timneaic. Personal Conclttsion Thm largeRBD projects in t~s area were un~uccrsr~ui far three diffacnt rta~o~: h·ojcct AIRBL1S, becaure it nied to m~cer de\ifes with no basic linowledse of the underl~ng plindples to guide the designs. Project GREENDOT, start it evolved so much tawardl wnvcndsnl produb development that no novelty was left Pmja NOYa beetle BAT decided it war no longer intaated in nwJ products, I believe we should purme work in this sr~ along the original'GREENDOT route but with more sadble product proplnics. I also believe it would be sensible for it to be undrrth as 1 Group pmjeet, using the avrlsble expenise in different Ccotnr Ihe starting point for such work would be the position paper refund to above the original Project NOVA plaFJ (Appmdix 11) and the rcporu on pagrcrr made in PmjeaNOYA befwe its termination. However, it needs to be bame in mind that if work it undutaktn it will be tKhicdb dif~cult, Gme ennruing and could involve some 'tund~m~ma~ .,:. . ....,. 1 I, 19B9EE000 Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~d ~ dY iyl ib! YI·l I i~,i e LI II r~~ ~Qpl .,~ be h ~ rY pc lrQ ~a ~ it a rl p~b inY1 im~ in a ~e plp~a ~ L oaidd r~ ~'I ~,,~ d~ pb~ L ~ pob .CII a YB J ~ 'ha imLs ra n Y r polY1 ·d @) ,a ~ podY oII subYnil o~~ td p~~ Isial ~ I ~md ct Ibdfd db & ~db I· ~ Clb P hl.IY * drY a ~I p ~el I ~odl lae~ ~ cppag m tt C loc Y Lat ~ P 4 o[BD ~w I a ~kcl ~ I~~ GREENDOT i b ~rl ~41 ga, P~~ hII(BUS ~h~~~~~~~VA:~IL gB, Bl~et Ena, c~c.n.o,o. G.A, Read 'p ·~;.· -··--··..: ~11 · · _· · ·~u'~I~-i N· _~ _~__. ,~c~--------· ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni APPENDD[ I Novel smokine device contents · meri~c~alltstions I. Iscamoiac.camhustion adnibie, i.e. without o~ol~sisl When a material is heated in air, combustion and thermal decomposition will occur in parallel. The two processes will proceed at different rates dependent on heating rate. It is not possible to suppress thermal deedmpdriibn under burning conditions · it will occur when the relevant tcmperatuns;ve reached, 'Complete' combustio~s i.e, to COZ, does not occur even during the buming of pure carbon. There Hill always be 1 si9ifeant proportion of CD. 2, Itjs feasible to have exothermic reactions that_eenerate sufficient heat to release Oavsurs and nicotincl Yes. Using the heat of neutralisation of nicotine and an acid which are brought into contact in the smoldng twice, is an obvious example. Many proposals along these liner have been made, aIthoogh utilising the pdnciple in a controlled, safe way would be dif~cult. No practical work has been done within BAT, Small battery operated heaters that could heat srnail volumes of tobacco to release ~avours have also been postulated · again no practical assessment has been done, ne properties of'flawlurs' added to materials in navel devices were being dsm~ncd as pan ofProject NOYA This was in order to define the properties of substances so that their tcieaseltransferlebtion could be ma~dmised under particular conditions oftemperature etc. ]· ~"8~ (a) Metered dose aerosolr have nvoludonised the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma and bronchitis, ~ne devices are compact (smalier than a packet of dgarutes) and extrwndy simple to operate. Mdiba anpmbably used daily. Thedrug and aproPJ]ant am contained in a pre~lu~rcd canister and is released by opnating a valve which is designed to give I speeifie volume of aerosol for a set i It would be technically simple to deliver nicotine this way, and patents for delivuing nicotine aerosois exist (e,g US 4,635,651, ~anuary 1981). Such devices could be adjusted to give aerosol particle si2cs similar to those ~om a cigarette. In any case, from previous RED work on aerosol generators we know that for an equivalent dose of nicotine, large laoscl particles (O.'lum) give more impact than smell panicles ~21vn), and so could be adjusted for ideal subjective acrosol properties. ~ in a dgvnn, lamol pnido a brmc~ sl.ncrnnat~d o~kaic vapour cools to below 300"C, c.f, peak cigarette burning tent W. I , Cs r C~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 temperatures of about 950"C, Thus smoke~like aeroJols can be generated in novel smoking devices operating at temperatures much iowa than a burning ciSamte. In Premier, combustion gases at 600"C entered the'8avcu~ capsules and were rapidly coaled to 300"C in releasing the favour mixture, luke warm aerosois can also 'elute' material such as navourr from fibte beds and hence enrich the smoke, These aspects of aemrol generation were being investigated as part of Project NOVh 4. It is oossibL far the rod to be consumed without bumine e.p. by s~mc'mF~in~ or 4eat shrinkin' orocess? This depends on the eannnrtion design afthe novel smoldng device and what the source of heat i. If a given 'nowl' rod is 'lit' it could undergo burning in addition to shrinldng or melting. The relative proportion oEthe difent sffectr would depend on the properties cfthe material. Research into relevant material properties would be needed to answer the question. Combustible, foamed rods of tobacco origin, produced by ucuuribn, is ar, obvious connrudon for candidate material. Work into determining the combustion and smoke producing properties of ruch materials was jet bc~nning in 1991 but was subsequently considered too fundamental to be of any use and was terminated in early 1992, ·O ,n ~·· :: ·1 ~· ~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~~ ___~ ~p~c~olu i (Y'~ (IPI~I iMtG h~Jnd~ ~ CRC P~D RRB 1GMay 1989 ~u '"319s~ Proiect NOVA · A Programme of Work on the FoundalianScience and Teeh?de~u of Alternative products STSATEGIC~DBJECTIVE: To provide the scientific and technological foundation for the development of altemative, cigarelte·like products in which cbmbustion of tobacco based material is notthe primary source of smoker satisfaction, In this context, an alternative product is smoker·aceeptable and its smoke has lowlzero biological activity in a defined series olbioassays. This low activity is brought about by be generation of chemically simplified smoke which does not contain tobacco combustion products in either mainstream or sidesbeam. i, Backotaund The work of Brown and ~illiamsan on Project AIRBUS has not produced viable, alternative product prototype designs but has highlighted the need for basic research to guide future prototype development tan compound release, aerosois, materials science and heat generation and control), following a review of Project AIRBUS by Brown and Wiiliamson management in Fe~Na~ 1989, and agreement by the Tobacco Strategy ReviewTeam, ProjectAIRBUSwas terminated in Iduisville atthe end of Uarch 1989, The basic research needed for development of alternative products will be conducted in Southampton and designated as Project NOVA, The work programme ou~in~d below has been proposed following detailed discussions in Louisville (5thbth April] and Soulhampton (201h·21sl Aprii) involving BATCF, BA~UKE and 8&W scientists, 1 Work Proclramme Structure The research activities to be pursued, initially, can essentially be subdivided into huo work areas:· Substrate Science:the investigation of material properties that control the release and delivery ct desirable smoke components into the mainstream, a Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill ·__ Fuel Technology: bo investigation or materials hat suPPtY he energy to Ibenb smoke components and d8dsdb transfer them to he smoker. 2~ Subsr~e Seienee Irrespective ct he type d device anbqed Vie essential prerequisite ct an alternetive prcducl concept is aSid tPmbr of the desirable smpke opaasds from I r~e substrate to ma smoker. This bs,an a a tour stage process involving breaking of the chemical bonding d the smoke component h the form present ~lin he rubrrb, (e.g. releaseol ded~~ lrcm anIcotine sell), migralion ct he compound to he surface ct he substrate vPpolkalbn of he compound into the pas space and linaIiY transfer hnu~~ he pore space bha smoker Pauph the Compound RLle Sbdb, pan or no Product OuaIity ro8 area 90106~09 ah has Irdl been Initiated ~Kch is ae~~h8 se Rhkl ~padnee d he dlowd slanes ct La ~n~a pposr This woh will be extended with a view to identifying the subrt~a chemical and p~dd plpemea II eontd eolpdund release and he waYtheY interactwilh he naslae!osol cenier media as Ib edllvected hrough the lubstate. Specific topics to be investigated wilt hdud,~ g) Subsbate WJ6dals me chemlal and physical l·a d substrate materials rl be studied h order to dl8rmho ha they codml compound mo~l$ within he substrate and its subsequent · release from he rubrblle sudace~ ·~baecr work will concentrate on enhancing the measured low lads of ~oR, transfer ~1OTC through studies on ed and ground tobacco in association with mild ~t~~rsllenl Haalorenld~ in ha nmorofthcss already undertaken, w9 be made of nicoline release tom applicalion olbbrco extracts to different substrates including he originally extracted tobacco. ho~Pde chemical RadlBlh d tobacco extracts loaded onto inorganic substretes, pimdt IlhL wilt be considered, pin rll a view to enhancing nicotine transfer. Ar part of the work on he use of cbemicaiiy mo8bd a~q studies wilt be necessary on the bluenco of the drying PYdll of oxb~ prior to q~dn to 11 bad substrate, it pPrlYr ccFslderation wilt be niven to spray d~hC teln drying and IJdled bed coating. i0 " L\ ~~-· ·: I G\ ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni .Organic: previous work oil compwnd release has shown the high release levels associated with cellulose acelate, This work will be extended to assess the characteristicsol nicotine release bom extmcls app~ed to cellulose acelde, pclypropylene and more imponanlly polymeric microsponges For those materials that show promising release characteristics, measurements will be made ol their nicotine migration behaviour during storage. (ii) Substrate Geomel~ The interplay beseen fiil~afion and wmpound release is clearly widenl in La earlier elution studies. The extent to which filtration, wiUlout a corresponding reduction in release, canbe reducedwin be investigated through experimentson the more promising substrate materials as inllueneed by:- .Geomelry: the effect of bed length, diameter and Cposition ol the release compound within the bed i.e. uniformpacking relative to per~heral coa~ng. .Forn:urePigranul~oldinerenlsiies,beroldiilerenldal,sheeimaieria~; · (e,g, alumina based sheet), (iii) Carrier Yedium Warkalreadyeonductedon eiutionhas showo~ebeneliciaie~aetsof Ihenmdo aerasol on nicotine Irans[e~ at low temperature, Tnis work was restricted to a watedglyceroi based smoke from an ultra·low delivery GREENDOT formulation, Theinfluence of the carrier medium will be investigated in terms of~ -Mass Deliverl: n~oiine Iree smoke Irom extracted lobaca, will be smoked, at diflerent delivery leveis in La range 2-40 my, Vlroughalimiled rangeof nicotine i · bearing substates, Residence Time:the trans21ime of the canier within the subsbale wig be studied as part ofinswork on subslrale gwmelri. In addiln pulwlume and dura~on effects will be considered, .Chemistry: no syslemalicstudes oftheinnuenceof smoke pH on nicotine transfer fmm substrales at low temperature have been undertaken, Previous work has been restricted to smoke from virginia cidgarenes (PH '5) and a GREENDOT formulation (PH *7). Using the nicotine free extracted tobacco cigarettes, C changes to smoke pH ill be made through spiking with different strong organic Oih: C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill acids and bases e,g,lormic acid through to octanoic acid and urea to octylamine. Consideration will also be given to the merits of waleriglycerovprapylene glycol aerosols generated upstream of Ihe substrate relative to those formed within the bed. (iv) Heat ADDlication Nicotine releaseincreaseswith temperature of the substrate, However, the contribution that the di[[erent eiemenls ct the siibslratelcarrier characteristics make to tHs enhancement$ not resolved. The u]ntriouliw~ Ihal a pulse of hot 'smoke" makes to ,icoline Iransfei at moderate (100'C) temperatures will be studied as pad ol a mMe general invesligalicn into aspect of -Temporai healing: pulsed, ~pically two second duration, hea~ng oIlhe substrate to dinerent temperatures, .Spatial healing: locaEsed healing as might be envisaged in a coaxial type geometry as compared to uniform heating brought about be etficielt thermal eondudjcn along the length of die substrate. 22 EuellechnoloaY Compound release studies have shown substanliai increases in nicotine transf er from moderately heated substrales and further teated substrate experiments will idenlil); the most eilective manner in which the available thermal energy can be irliiised. Fuel L· Technology research will involve not only heat generabn and its different utiiisation but also the coincident generation of a suitable carrier medium. The suitability of the eanier medium will be assessed interms of its thermal characteristics and its chemical characteristics as required lor Mlmpound release and low bi6logieal acility. ·- :I- ·: · I 03` Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 (i) Fuel Materials Carbon based drum cast sheets and extruded materials will be investigated in terms ct Vleir basic thermal properties as influenced by · Formulation; extensive work at8rown and Williamson on the influence of binders, combustion modifiers including puff responsiveness, igniiahili~ and smoulder c~iaractelistics. Measurements will be made of product formation in both mainstream and sidestre~m, · Geome~lForm: a variety of difterent forms of fuel formulation (cut sheet, extruded rad, compacted powders) will be studied with a view to determining appropriate maleriais for both sequential and integrated fuellsublate devices. (ii) Heat Management me u8isa~ion ol heal geneialed wUn Ihe luel is a crucial ccmpooenl ol an alficient altemalive product. This ulilisation can, in principle, be made effective in different ways through an appropriate balance behuean beats of comhusSon, conduction and convection. Material Configurations: Experiments willbe conducted with aviewto engineering suitable fuel materials in combination with insulators andlor conductors to give the thermal features necessary far the operation of alternative products. C. ·libb~B~u~oni: I.ldrwe~oisdalgLel~m~iso(n~usniald integrated devices will highliyllt tile adequacies of existing theories. If appropriate, model evaluations, complementary to he material configuration studies, will be undertaken. 3~ Biclaaieal Activity The irulial phase of Project NOVA, outlined above, is to obtain an understanding of Jubsta!es, transfer characle~Scs and fueVheat aspects. This phase will not involve biologicaltesting. However, it is envisaged that potential substrates and prototype concepts will emerge during Us work Before fu~er, product development type worh is undertaken on these physieallylchemically promising materials, biological assessmenls will be made, in the fid place using he Ames test Screering or luel C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill materials whic~ generate the eanier media will be carried out on handmade conventional cigarelles. For the substrate materials, condensate will be collected from simple furnace experiments, Fellowing satisfactory biological assessment, detailed smoke chemistry and taste characletisalio~enhancement would be undertaken, 4, Soecilic Exoerimenlal Praaramme 4.1 Substrate Science The suSsbale experiments will be conducted on a simple three segment furnace giving provision for: .generai heating of substrates up to 70 mm long up to 300'C .general healing of the carrier medium up to 600C localised heating of subs~ate over a 5 mm segment up to 6M]'C Experiments will generally consist of puffing either hot air or modified smd(e from a high delivery, niwline·free ciyarene Ulrough Ihe substrate, Critically selected (pressure drop and weight) cigaretteswill be used overthe pun nur~er range 2·9. Measurements willbe made of substrate blend characteristics and smoke deiive~s in terms of TPM, nicoSne, pH, model fiavour compounds and aerosal base material, e,g, gtyeerol, where appropriate, The transfer of components to the furnace exit tube and Cambridge filter C p~i~~t~f~sllredreparalelycharacteristics. in order to make assessment of vapourlparticulate A, Preliminary Experiments Prior to rondudng the material studies, model navour compounds will be idenlild which will be measured in addition to nicotine transfer. These will be added~la the substrate, These flavour compounds will be chosen wt their availability and detectahility in mind so that the capillary GC technique used far nicotine evaluation can readily be extended to tlavour evaluation, Compounds to be considered will include ketones, aldehydes and esters, Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill ·_ · Ya~l~,n~ will Lo be made d he m)r levels of various components added to be etlhctes cigerane used as he smd(e CaPbr These compounds ii hdude IlbdJs b form La pld base, ~g I~ end proWiene glycol, ad scidlbase I~l~s~ ebaO smoke pH, B, Substrate Materials Rlabg Ih change loaner carrier medlcm, la ~olnbbes smcke, Imibd comparkonl will be made Wjtll ms original OREUJOOT smoke transfer bV~b These comparisons will be restrleted te: ·Y1CB tubaceu · GUYP 43 ·Alumina +Y1CB extraut · Pobpropylene +nieogne eibate · polypropyiene + nleotine-free base These experiments will be conducted st P1~ temperatures, ~'C end 1PPC. i Dbaeeo YICB treatments to he investigated will be · hPua~ or qi (P, 35, 80, 12q · mild pWI treatment with potassium carbonate C These expen'rnents will be restricted to subslrale temperalures d 25'C Id rOO'C with ir ad smoke dir ad dr as the cwrier at d~d tlmp,dureh Pretreatment of the Y1CB with humeotents pbr to extract addition rl else be investigated, ·O ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni tt Inoraanie Work will concentrate on alumina with limited consideralion being gben to molecular Sieve materials and mierPencapsulaiion. Any ewlended inveSdgalion into ,ic~oencapsulalion will await the review of microenwpuslalion pesenlly being conducted in Marketing SuPPo[t Oepanment. Transfer measurements,iU be made of nicoSne, modelflavour compounds andaerosol base maiedals Irom alumina as inlluenced by: extraction solvents, as per NOXG studies .coaling technipue; rota~ evaporation will be compared wi~ Iluidising .,5, of acidsibases to change the extract pH~ .drying al extract prior to alumina application: dil[ereni drling techniques will be considered using Y1CB extracts As part'of Ihese siudies the Vlree segment healer which will be bili wli be used to investigate Ihe iniluence of substrate temperature relative to that elf e~vrier medium lemperalu~e. Such workwiil cover subslraleiemperatures o18C, 50.C, 400'C and 600'C. A single subsbale ol alumina with added YIGB extract with flavour compounds and aerosol base oi glycaml will be used. Temperatures abOYB 1W'C will use only air os Ihe r:alrier medium, me inliuence ol inle~un dura~an on par pun delivery wilt also be invesligaled· # Organic The prasenl work on polypropylene and its release oi nicotine and nicotine sails will be completed and a comparison made with Vie ,icoline·lree carrier smoke, A comparison will be made between polYPropylene and cellulose acelate Iw their transfer cha~acleristics of nicotine salts and a limited number ol concentrated exhactr These comparisons will be made at 25'C, 100'C and 200'C. If appropriate, dinerent methods oi compound $piiclon to Vie Eullals Junacedl be investigated asiniluencsd by spiking, soaking and drying rate. Alternative substrate materials (e.g. nicotine containing gum arabic and microsponqes from Advanced Polymer Systems) will be screened through XjA, extraction and .. pyrolysis·MS studies. a I tr, : N Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill Complementary to the substralelcanier, healing regime studies, the inlueru~e of hot pufson moderately heated organic subslrales will be considered. Such measurements, in eomparisanwilh the inorganic substrate results, will higtliighl Uleelleetolthe substrate thermal capacity on compound release. # General For any subs~atelcompound combination bat shows particuia~ merit, in terms of compound release characteristics, early evaluations will be made of compound migration during storage. Blend composition will be measured atweeWy intervals with materials stored at 30'C and 60% R,H. C, Substrate Geometry and Form The innuence of geometry and form on the relative contributions made by filtration and compound release to delivery will be studied through experiments on the in?uence of: .bed leng$ Y1CD and Y1CB extract on alumina will be evaluated at 25'0 and IOO'C far bed lengths of 10, 30, 50 and 70 mm. diameter; using the optimum bed length the furnace diameter will be reduced to 4 mm to assess the influence of carrier medium velocity, ( ·~lip~iho:mnplun will be made between packed beds, tubes half filled with alumina granules and granules on the penphery of the furnace tube. Cut sheet will also be compared with peripherally rolled sheet made from nicotille alginate containing GREOI~M)T maletial. Ilgmss dPerences, due to Vie lilba6odrelease baldnFe, am observed Ihe work9 be extended to assess the influence olgranule she, fibre denier and sheet choderislics. In order to make use of the inlormation generated, a basic mechanistic model of the ~·I filtratioflcompound transfer physics and chemistry will be devlped. TNs model wli include geome~y and IIPw enectr to enable a broad range or calcula~ons to be made with relevance to a varie~ of potential product designs. j.O ICE~ i. Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill ·_·· a. Carier Medium Experiments will he b·sd on he use d an extraeled bbceo dplRle (020 ~YL delivers ·50 mg of n~o~ne~ne TPU. · mass delivery; experiments to be eonducted It substrate temperatures below 10bC, Dlond filter lengths ~1 be used to rupft fPY over a range 5-40 mg tor pllf ng hmugh · Y1 CB !abacao extracl llavaur oompaund end glyceral base on alumina, and dcoln, and nicotine dbl an Polypropylene tillers. · residence time; complementary to bed dilater studies, measurements wl be made on the elect of cuff pararneters on compound release. Puff volumes of 1~5 35 ad 70 onl and durations of 12 and 4 seconds will be bvldqad on the transfer of fiavour eompounds and nicotine tom alumina. - carrier chemistry; acidlbase injection techniques wil be used to controi the carrier gas smoke generated by 021, Constant weight addition at dlerml organic acids (brmtb oclanoic) ~1 be used separately to bale such Is urea and oclylamine to inorease pH. Yeaslraaenb wtii be made at amoks pH and conlpoaron along with deSvedes of TPU, nicotine, Rpouro and aemsol base. A small number of diilerent exhd and substraies tag alumina and potypropylene) ~1 be assessed in order to identity any carrierlsubstrate interaction, na hlueneo d dilferent aonsd bases (rarr level, ~y~al propytene glyaal and ~1~ db+) in the smoke generator wilt be ons~ered E ~aat Aooiicatipn ~40nl heating cal+ ~1 be studied Is a oompiernentary part of the substrate mBd~ investigations in meh Putts of hot ilnce ~I be passed through heated lu$~~oa Spatiai heating tYI wiii be tested ~fidJ~ by having a short P mm~ separately heated ~dm to he furnace. This ul atlow representation d ha heating elect or the combustion tone of a ~il device. Measurements r0 be made with ambient air as the carrier medium, alumina based substrates ad shed heated bnghs at temperatures of 200, 400 and 600'C. Comparisons rl be made with dBr experiments using the same lubltldca6er combination with axiaiiy uniform heating, :-·-··· ' ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni If feasible, consideration will be given to tile potential ol localised heating of segments around the periphery of a coaxial device as an alternative to uniform he9ng. This separation ol be heat sourw may alter advantages by reducing t~e highlemperatures presently obtained in Ulistype coaxial devices. 4,2 FuelTeehnalaau A. Heat Manaement .Model Evaluations A review of existing calcllalional models ol heat generation and dislribulion within alternative product devices will ideniily the adequacy and range oi application ol such methods. The availat~ilily of calculational methods, enabling assessment of dlerent materials in different conligu~ations, is seen as crucial to developing a sound basis lot heat ma~layemenl investigaCons. Pending the outcome al the review, if appropriate, shnpla calculational methods will be developed which ill be used, in aaocia~oo wl experiments on dillerent conligurations of materials, to delineiasee~ta~ material and geometry requirements. The methods will include: .exolhermic internal healing through combustion wiihin tile luel (hea~ of combustion), .heat redistribution due to Ihermai diffusion within the materials (density, specific heats, thermal conductivi~), -I .external heal losses to the surroundings, Simple experiments will be performed on existing materials and configuralons to highlight the relative importance of ditierenl material prope~es and design leatures. Where appropriate, comparative measurements of different material propenies will be made on candidate geomebies as an a~ternative to rhaking absolute measurements on special samples. .Mate~iai Configurations Based on caiculalonal methods and simple mockups with existing materials, as described above, m,~inlns of materials (insulalocs, conductors, heat sources) ii be eanstrocled. Measurements will be made of temperatures, ided~ using the IR Ihermography system, under steady state and puffing conditions. ;W Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill 8, FII YlslL ,,,,,~, ~lp·a b LI p0llbn i 4ePYI ~1 I~dlr .b·~ ~rl: Ci*lk Idb~ d od~l pll~ Y 0'"8'~" ad tmapot .stldil Cndl: gu~ d~l$~ Ydlbl ~~ ~se ~+aq pa hlblrld by DYIJ krmJ~B, ~I be rolnd hlda~s Ind~, bg 9hllal lp nt ~I Lld~ ha mdr~n d II1 Ip·Pb d m~edd udng ahs~ c~lnp o6bo~, el~da Blndl ad prhql mlpdoo ~ehniques, The identlieaion d ~~a~l ~~··b ~r~~ I~~is ~I de ~m I rri~ 0(hl BtW roh Ind a~snd ~,~,A op ms~dl d ho~ Cador Tlio b be ddrassed ~9 indude: ·dl DI b·~ Cp~'~~'*S ~~ ~~b~O~·S·Q .mlat le~As d~ormh,~dt~lC1 ·Wrb Ihpnl8lb od bocl pdl RCpd·nardboien·dddP .Cn ~lle ombudoP b, ~laldt Wha C Pa poBnlJ b~ faY~s ~Y~oa of CO for he~ geanl~l C y~t~a~ qce Iri~~ ~~ dd ·~b·~·dle ·I·. ~ ·---·--- - ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni _ _~~___ _~__~ 4( I~~alr ~ ~ Lt~ Po~·r AIIIIS Ic Feb 19 tq U(EOUTIVE SbEyRI With the announcellent of the ilpcadipl launch of Prellier in Ilptcslr 1987, IrUUS was initiated at lrown L Villiroo asa&roPp Icleatch Irojrc~ its first lelr objective was to identify tle~olPliel, innovationr, and resources required to develop product paraletlrs and gathwayr respondinl to Itcnilr. RJR clainCd that Prenicr was the first cilarctte which delivered nieoeins and flavor without burni~ tobacco. brown C Glilliwron initially decided to pursue Eilil-Type deliaJ since this technolory is eltlldy in the public lo~in~ Iflcr extensive researcb, it aPPearr that the Ellil dllip cannot deliver 1 nicotine-flavored acroso! without b~ipt or severely charrint tobacco. Residual ~lrl dcbri~l poor daliveq efficiencies mi n need for c ==::t~i~::~t.~ra other diffieulricr that lower the chances of In porrdt of nlore conventional product which burns down, 1 sequential or ~ndla srraoleDent of fuel end serosol lellerltor hes been ~a~tilltcd, lelclrch in this area has indicated 1 need for ·re fnndepentnl studies in the sress of tobeceo ~tlril~l ~erololr, and fuels in order to develop en secepteble invention. d sore intense eryinarion of gLlltl will ILO be 111116 for Ilplilt~ teChaolol9 for Iror~ YfllfmPP'I ·c~ It lid·rlBB test nerlet 1~·d of lrepier end its Idngnt failure revealed: ( h prPd*l to hive poor taste end djlcti~le odor with ~ dlling profile nnd ~Unl rc~ies that ire different froP conventional products YlltioP111, rti~~LI ~ctir k pieced bca pressures on the RU C' to npl~th Itaier~ It is believed that even if the mI hd ct acted, the FIC wou:d b~ ~~ct Research Itdia~ condoctad in the t,5, atill indicate a atronl enthnsiasn for I prodnct that delivers whet Irceier ~II(~ lo'R'I kle~P Imll indioste 1 desire for products tLI hsve an conventional cflulttl propcrtia~ rather than slioshtcd devices li~e premier, llelearch, tlnfora, i, this uee of new products which Iddnlr soeill and eourr concerns needs fo continue despite the recent deaise of Ird~n frl(adh na·l~lt~ll ire to teninlee lopct MRaOS but continue fundamental ~td~al in Southeppton in the eriss of chtioo,' aerorel lenerationl CO ai~tf·l and uterills LaLplt L"'ill provide the base fa which technolosl for new products addreJsinlt personal and locill issues g be developed. Sublested I·l~~flt this rr~ is atalIEllevel with r prototypes Ielnl constructed until this basic research provides lit~ctioo~ 0120F W ~~~ n· i.l .1; --· · 3 _XI:= ~~ ly ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni _·· · h .r f,d~~· Pmj#t S~AI low Enviroentntll Odllr Cil~ade Dnibr Objeetivc To develop dgaac !cib thlr o~ low ~orca odou5 h tc~ siroom smoke aroma ad abny smells, and demcme be ~bl~ ofmm~c~i~ing these d~CI st ~ldde ico~ prodnCon nor Introduction: Oae:i:t: t~cr:::~itl ar;trd ~drh dcri=: lao~n i the i~;: icor 3nsirn iso;te IE~::ijdC jEO~t 3ge~E ~:~::ocm pnp Lt:;~::::Cra ~ been e:nl~sel Tie ~dnee b ~~i~srcd ~:jct pHE hr~ the In:~ :ismoke w~ci j~?:~ ~:h: ~::i;hc:cc~ :~cr s~o~:~ ~edium time ~Jer j~::~C ;he unoec~rP n~r::i:t: ahrP:~m both ~s;m Id oiiactor; aesj · T~cl aors a s Jcc:e: 3i3dOC: P:l: IU~fCC :~C letc:r :~d the sdcur on 2~=:: rd on icr:is'rc~ rdi r::Jc~:e r:e::~e3~ =:rc:; laotc:~i !. . "::leSl :;sb:;; ::LEit~! ::;~dr? It:IJe Ic~;~l ~j;cs:e ~sr~ Ice:~; !ssiI ~ii~ ~~:~n:~:::~: r: i~: ~:~t:~::: ~~~:~:~I:~:::~ ::,::,f if:i?: :~t:: ~:::IC:~::~;e r,,,,,J; ipr:ru.:c~f:~:se :.;:~~~~· :t::::~c=;:f~:~ sI:r;:tc;~. ~e ~:=3 ::t ~ft:l ~C L::~:;::3L ?rc;e: r;:~:srii:r:::sJsP3 a=:q odc~3. ~c:lc~ob~ ip ~c:: Ic;~opcd :oa:roio~e iTi, r~;iaps Ict:~rs~se ~: zse m~;e tnoie ot::~ h;ocn k~ ~ ~u~Ce:;i::~:: :;nc::~ ~s Ivi3~e sh;n :lse ot,",t: ~omeoc:~j cithe erod~c:: !nc~:I:i::w#c=i :~:se ce:::eo Pt jl~SSCd ~6~t:~~ b~ow. Product Coectots: a Filter C~~~s We have dadopa a ~o! c3Psule q~cm which a be IppScd to 1 majcr of novel cigarette diF~ Tne key concept behind the o3psule qacP is ~ it b ntffioiwttly robust to withstand be pressures experienced by the ~tlr prior to ad during Cc smoking process ~nce the contents of& filter qde wid ct arnce the mlinstreyn smoke quality in any wq, Bnncg when the dCene is miobed out the qde ii brs3k open Id rdn iu maaa. 1 lodd be cmphuixd Br as apoL is ha~ b! ~e normal nYap out pmcq no d86a~ Idol or B lwareness is required on the pert of the smoker, A number of Ippa~ch~ have ~ O conceive6 vld one cspsuie baxd on beeswav ha been developed to t F~ro~e Id. O ,,,,,, BATCO CO~nOE~IAt · CX~EGORY i: ZnSSESO:XTOBACCO LI~C~TIOX, ' ' LIID~UT - V~~JdSDO.SO~1 ·~ ~ onhe apli coaqo Le been p~rscd b! three pucllp~idom, h ~jcmlac ilp oithe d~ne coarmkian is ivcn b~a. Clnaulc ]oi ~ RXrl Tob'm Red ElcmcntD ~e ~OE DC:lli~~ :IC :f ~I Bf ~~ ~ :O 6!! hi SCt::5 ~te t~ I~ea ~IOCPC( ~th ~jd Utf~! COO~t ~~6 dcuiopm:~r ~dvcr acapsuie csntdining a~~d ~ca r~ei zbrorbl odour in the YtPa; orhe~ dcidl be 'eeen rcgcd a~c~ Joce:Js~!r:cCrc: the ~c:zdvci Uh;5 sEei bu i rsnbidcP oiEm~r Idri poe dC~E: sdoun Id:e:rdadc~ ~C ~t~v: ~E ~f;t :aoscr =u ;e :s;e !rrbc:e: 4lsi~~ce~;: ·~:~ rEC: = I~ ;r:e:= ::rc:zi ~:~e~tr ~ x=r oito:t~:t the c~os~~:: '~"~'·'~""~'' ·~S' ' '' ·i~~C'~~~· ~k13 ·1·r)--I····~ ·I_I-YLr·· (:~(~Y ::t~~s; ~t;::i::c~rz·;=~;:e :C3~i:= :::;:C:! ~t~f~ EC~IC: .~j :~:;~~ ~;~: ::t:~l '~:~:~: 2~ i,::" :' ~: :~ :i": !~C~~~ ;"' ~~~x~ln:gY ~~ ~c::s;~· ~:::::r~~:~~~: ~::~i;:~~c: 1) ~FE:1J~C ~~:Ejp 31:;OC:=::CP 3~C:5 b! Ihc:4 ~Ft9 ~~tT C:: j~::b ~: ~C:~! ie ~at!:::: si ~: rt: ~cnPs 1 soo~a~cn oi;no~tn. d oli:hli sic tlcc~ r ~=fa snc: ai ~ dfi a~. 9 Pml:Ebp cipluia st ~e Eic ti Ful J;JI prct~cba oij·pn ~te~ ~cs~cnr~t tieJE~~ n Tea ;~ncll:~ ~ lol s;ie eslrPme::c~, Jj II~·~· blYhd*mLd· liare iahpa Yt 6) Devdop papc: ~pd c~oo e~ba) dcd~ i) Identiiy a l~nke c3osuic rnanufacturcr rlbrbup ii) rob#o modadioP TDbacco ledrdol ebn be potential a ~Re the Pdmr problenu either b bringing about ndd cilion of de odoPr ehidr otb q Be dine red to deliver marking or aaldihg ehemieall to Cc ddma and 8o~L~ 1 has been ~ltirbd in recent work that it ia impoldb9 to transfer ottemicas ~datdy a 1~ ddal~ without bre~j~thm~ a the maif~ue~z~ ·hn the n Lr B~TCO cosnp E~TI~I · C~TEG ORY ~ !ns3EIOT~ TOB~CCO IITIC~TIO X, ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni ·__ :iemicdi are applied to the blend. Leg it is impossible to acc!iara~l the lidermdm ddour in this wav without modayinq tile smoking qualior. Thil Cif~c~N Iclva tour options Far Imdora~ing ridcnrcun odoun via tobaceo mddi~catioo. The ~nt option is to explore tt~einflucna ofblend chemisuy on sidcnreun Yorna Thus, cigaretes composed oi100%Stens DEEq DIET, and individual Luiu iF-dCS Y~iil ~e smouldered, and the iiCesi;rYn lated For adour Iweir, iobaccs ;loirmre IRd will also be wmind at 3is na~e. ine wfond cplion is to runune curm tobacco additives tor;bh raie en iduaum aroma, Tr,e im0orwnc: of ~dt~livff ~ this ieSSCT· can be seenj:, e3m~%13 CS blended ~ii ~ilr~a cipn:s. A~C~vcs c~a~nir,ed wiil incfude hufi.e~nt~, ~pic;i ~avounn~j ;uei as nien~ci, cmnnse~jum 3ddirives. Tn#e two se~ :r t~e~~nrr iii ideldF;:l kcrs IcClnn:o soescc3m aroma and ~oinr id ~c~crs ~ctn6E :~e des;~·l oil ·l·~a": Y:ra cigYtae Using CJnvlr~:;OM c:t':f: ::c~oio~ ::;al:::i..stCe::o c~t:i~'k·nr:::·:4ri ;II be Z3tCt,::::~i ~ln ·J ,!~~~ ·-. i~liC:~: 3TC:!T.::S ~a!ve~::· i: ~;r :::rc~~iseC :rz~t :T:~::L:I jl::S;I~T: ECiCP;i;,.~;i teSII~C:C sys~C~ CU~CU~:::! -~Y Ee L~ ,ia3sij;::li~ "C :ar ...j f~: 31:. 1Ct I:ICCCL ii.:;;OE;';t :3E:1 ~a :e ecnili: to :nenee: ~e::;t,; sc~ tt,ata jeodor~: is::ie~ec n :~t j;btstre~ mmour ~isrur,~e !i~ ~L;s~;um ssoiiin~ guaii~. Irowse:, aj I?grosca is ~di'i jcrc~irin ed. trs,,:osuiai cirzrses are nie~e ~::C-cj. anv j';oCe9s ia:~;ue~;ruir 3C!;Cldji~::~5~::0 C3ns.lnIOnz C2?f$t !?ii~J. ;ij sas;a and E~i~ [eC~~O~ applied 10 p3~C~S~i~II IL1Ltndj i~3ck~n~ maerials atrrpolendal $r use in combaung Phuav odwa and stale smoke odours in rooms. Tulo approaches are envisaged, one based an'scatct~ and snifP technology ~om the pc~5~mt indu~sy, ad one bated on using empri space in the cigarette pack as a modified ashtra)! The hrst approach c#ltres upon puttmg scratch and yiff panels on the outside of the pack, These panels oan be anivated by the smoker, as a voluntary leffo9 when the atmosphere is rhwght to be dwdaping sao~ smoke odourr. By fidking Ihrre panels a detachable, in the mrn# of wdboard matcheJ ~om a book of r~atch~s, they can be O removed ~om the pack and Ieft in·sinsdther in the ashtray or gene~ly i the room to C deodorise the air. in principle the deoebable strips could also be used to Mmbu C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i~liii~COCOvnDE!TTal .t~TECORY I: ~IS4iSOlhTOB~CCO CITIC~T~OK smoke odours on clothes if one oithe grips is ie~ in 3 shit: 3r,'acket p~~;:~. ~ key factor in the design of these scratch and spirTpar,elslst;ips is isolation ~~~ the cigarette so that no contamitlation ol~t stnoking article ac~~. These ~t:ps are easier to manufacture than filter capsules, as they employ conventional jc~ume industry teduloio~, but lack the automatic, involuntary action oithe 0~~ capsules ~ related invention is described in the section on li~ting articles. Key sta~r in this work are:o buy in the necessary technology tom ~avouripc~Yne houses juefi a Givau~a~ and to develop wlever packing methods that are lecaurv:s isolate these nicks ~31il the ciaarenes, Tne second approach is bared on use oirhe cigarette pack to collect bit; uier they have been ~n-siied, This invention combats asiitny odocrs by enkci~g the source 01' the odour in 3 sealed container, ~Ui~ough di~e:e~r approaches can be envisaged, one octioa invaives a jan conla;niiln activated cu'3oj in the csk. Tne is would be used to jrcre Ices ~t~:: the:, have been e~inguhhck. Tne ~a~ would je tided uo in :he czct L:C..k.iiC3 needed. Er~and into the pack space c:E~ri br ci2r:,zs bdnh :e~no~~. ~t ~civa!t~ c~on ciociC nr~iis::~: 0d0u ii:~l butts. ~~ [IIEVenr ie~~E~ ~i:dcc: outside oi;he ~act re i;el: ~lee in this :aicr: is:~~ taelopmetr ·:il::::;:-3. r~ 12n;OB'txjC1 :i:~: iJi::Si :j:~: :C~:::::. "" ~*'~~ L;=:t :.::.~ -:::~I:: ,;2.;e :::~ :If.~ ;C: :2 :I::cn: :;:t~:: ~~~ :~:cacu; ::3ii:e :: ": :1::: ::~~~: ;:3:::2n::LY :,? ::,: I;;:SI;~a :~=:r:~ :: :~: ~LC.: ·rJllrlr·l :~;~:I:.:,:~ :~;::~~:~~. Tr -rt~ce =r~ I~::~c~;:e linc;:~T.:iz:lf :i :C:C;T~:. ~::nt::~::::cac i~::~::~c:~::;: ;~c~L:~ :~d~. ~,~ .: · :I;t::'IT'r.:;f: -::n:: ::lr.::::~:~::c~ i;::1 ·Ic=:~t :: ::r:·:r.:,,-l~cn si~: '~r~·~···' '-" '~ i ~i,· · ·-···· ·· ·; ·,···-,·· ~:~...·.:J~..:.L :~;;:~:~i :~: ;1~CC:1~: ;~i~ :~: .,,;,.,, 3i:sc;:s,:::e s;:di ~r lar~C jr,ould be ~-~aircl ~ s;s x~v, ~ ::at the ;?3~:r-:::E ::I~S:~ :S ~~e ~Irr,cs;~::~ Icrin~::,: sr~ouide::l~e: rh~t.:::te smoker ~moic~T.~ ji3u;lc,inioills, ~o wori will be C?i~i~:~ out ji,:1~5 i0nC:::~tii the Jeossz-::r~~c~es have been dt:·:io·d in the =,u~ <~~sr 3rcic. i: 93v;le je ner:s;j~ :s id:nii~ some means s(ihc~d :c::scmes: j~i~:~ :t: ·I·mi~ en*p~:·t`~sd in Chelsea in the pzrr. Finally, the:oie ofinorPanic paper additives on sid#trwn smoke ~sibiii~ and yields har been ~d Establijned ova the past IS years, Tne most successful ofL4tse desi~ cat reduce Le visibility of sidestream smoke by up to SO%, albeit at the Enense of introducing an aff·nate into the smoke aroma Consequently, there is e~tcnee that non·voiatile inorganic papa additives may modify sidestream chemistry and atomq with linle or no alteration of the mainstreYn smoke qwlity, b is thcrcfore proposed that the action ofthese type of additives on sidestrcum aroma is thoroughly innstigsted. These studies will compliment the studies on the role of tobacco blend components in Qenmling sidesueun aroma Cc R~7CO COS~D ESTI~L · CbTECORY`I: SI1.VyESOTA TO B~CCD tI'iiC ~;10$.' __ _C v) Li~inP articles Tne produr, concept ivoi~es a dlOdOMI male4 whieh when lit rests deodorant into the atmosphere. The dtodon is eithc: encapsulated onto, orjust below, the head of the ma~c~ or miyed with the pyroiyric ~Rial, loss during combustion will determine which oithese routes is the most e~ccjvc. Alternatively, if the matches are of a 's$e~~ch' desin wttlt ~e aiiking board on the side of the pack the snildng board could i~ave aroma chemicals enwps~lared onto it in a'Jcratc~ and sni~ dui~ Tne deodorant re!we would then be invoiunwr!, as desird Tnis dtsi~ would mean t~ the matches would ~cl to be sold ~rh the pack. Slnre~ and ~[elhodolo~: T~s ,na;n:hr:st 3ix: s;:j( sl~s~ it sir~:~ at :~eiopinP the ~rer 53Fsuiz i#~oio~ to ~3 j~: s:~Csrisn ilj)i~iii~. Tne other concepts are jFe~ia~ve and the lin ~i:lls roije ~i ie :3 u;ess:~ci: :'easihiiir;. de~eiop them to prototype iaci, L?d se~i::s~e~t Ircttc::· ·x~tcr~ 3CplCPr:11:. It is !ICPosC3: that the main avenue or" ~,orj; s; 30mh2nzcs jtt~iC ;:~i:ec:t:si~uts rte ?i~sicJi a~s oi:~nst~cm~ Ie·l::li~~ :::~n~t~::::cac:2. L;e :~:~z~ ~~s rs Sve:t~;l~:~:t IOOU1C:e ~~tcir:C :'·' 3TT; i:. :,t ::::~~: ::t~t::: I?tf':I~ :573 :; :;:::. ^~::'~~: :-:': ::·7·:'ii,:: :-·~3*1". '. .~I-·-" : .~· ·······I I"f.:l:..il :;tZ::::~5 :~ :~: -~. I~~~ .. .~;...~··; ii;~~:- !Dt6:Ie :~ ::: ~~'·: '' 31·~ ~:' ~S:'ejCpt:30 ~':Oiv;Cq"iiICI!. :jlaI ~i~01 tt Bi';:C :t·~Ci;lC 'h~ii:t:;SC~; t~CC;:I~;~ 1SjiExC: ~~3 ~iit;cna ~ni jirrdi~ i: is :7,tinxi Z iC:nr~ '. jcC3P.d jW;C? Cf CCSUil: so :'at 3~ iS not :ied to :~! s~:~~ ~r ;zs~rit ?r~Cc::ian.~C1:Si, Costs 1.9 omduate man ym - O.j ttciulician man years · 510,000 Consumer trial for sniobing out styles · D,000 Consumer trial to test product acceptability · E109000 Cost of full scale product trial involving fiiter capsules · f10,000 Production oC3 pan fcrJ:: four aids at Pier manufacturers oFup to one wcJe in duration · approximately f~0,000 ~Iaterials, tobacco, paper, Bters, chemicals ·E10,000 Small scale production mn in ETC development halls · f1,000 Papa wpruie eont~i~n~ cubon · 4000 Total P65,000 b D~TCO COu~OESTI.it· C~TECORY I: JIISliE~O'lx TOBACCO 1ITICATIOS;. ~' C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 Time SulrJ: ~obuco P1Ck3~0g Piper lighting ~odiFiutioP ~,ltrilb rltl$lPtl I Artidtl january I i ITrafcr fom paper Evauate Jidcmwn ~jnwtv produc: JOrdt: Ordu cwpsulutd ~c~psula~td mYrr~ls mu~s ~om ~Pm Gic;iub i IG;Mudan li~t~~ iident~ i ai#C i : ITea rmhol!· i e~p~jn~ I i Imalcrjair our sr:ics j Finaiise jTzs~ csnS~i~ j mal~is i ?e01~C:r· 3aip ~a:ic: 35C:1' ···· ;t3f,l. ~ZEe; S'i~"i los;rr I I*···*~~ ~ ....c.~.~ i~c~s :t~~l~::I iie~usi ;-~Bn~m Sse;~~n~e: I i~:etcc: /cJpsuies iinside Ocobe: ConsuI~icr ~ovcmber Full de produdon Dcc#nber Rcpon ~dings and consider need for fUrther work B~TCO C04'ilDE~TT,SIL · C~TiCORY r:'TII~TE~OT6 TOB~CCO'IITICSTIO~. ~ " ' C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 P01 1B. It ~ 1?:11 iJ~-JO-J1S1~S HnY~ ,~~q~Yt·e~a~ B~hrenMdH Qwln 13, P~1 Hl~b~ nlk~ fl Rllhl B~ Abmdar Edn gu~eh F~nJlk Yr ~apslda Clmo, baa ~r Gnbim Ro~d, B~o 8'bn ebBM~ 8lefau_Nr ~41n YIO W DLm ~IHov~mb~r ~993 BL~hlhd, DleYlf ,~, tsC·Yln+l·~e Dear eolsPguss, Reo~ IPd st~hsd Ehmd ~hd~ pp~ ~h IlppdPnl brloms dnpr i C~ ~~ jdnt p~e6brCdhtr dlallol ms popr hit ~D dlrd ~L or YIY Researd DspP~ent and # bl~s La lu(gsld iapwwalB ~Y ba ~t~a~ b#ule the brt mdhod8~y h cs~ mmpPy das ad aid b k ~oogd, n~3 I·*lr ~u·~ I~ ~ll~~e~ ri 3rY fr ~ua mn~~ Ehm~d dA4 rLb Le net dl. Kind ~god~, D1 Edn ku~ · KIYPLn~ O ~~I nl~ap~JCCR~ ~II ~I eo~de~C~·+poui~k~: L I ~ + a~~ ~r~ r IP WllorJlch mt~HI~ M; ~ `O Ip ~~ ~I ~ Rr, C ~ Int · ~r Y; 0~~ 51 ~e --- · ··9i:~~ . ~~ 'L'T' ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni ,as 40 4151 4400 18~itB 12:18 ~1-4151-4108 PWm~ Ref.: BC, ~Cd~ In ~I Augnrt 93 m~in5 CTSC ~d ~ ~ a I~~~: ~·L ISC ~a ,( 6~ P lfhiCI.l st~ndl~di~lti~n i tCStiC ~LbbB~ ~DBdUiPr ~ IIC ~r diffcrenca ~t bra Ca. 11 wu lgreed lhu the ~9 ~~lmL' ~ apIore ip~m~ i rbbCg t ~~ Qll~n Y ~LI~ kgrdindy, Y· Bit dB~~ a a rsplaeaativcr at ~ Cenas a rPb viewJ oD the ~d' ~ i I dr need far tbe ~qLol of CPT rd bstueeD cmtres brjoi ~~ L ~l~ls 1B.b~W~~Y"'·4'~ be ~lp~ C k~k It~ndd~di~old~ mctlods lnD" ~dd~ ~~s ~ 863g a ipd~~ ~ melhsb a fulfil bd ~ J~ Lo plYti ~aa Le 4·~ db eoIladea all gthaiog ~~o aYI a mt needed in lq~e si0lddoq. YI the ~'"g ~~ the Igap~he Idcbiog' id m ~~~e L1 ~Y bulfamuleted ~s tPPe 1 Bmabi Riles for CrPT' I tWWB y~~ Y ·~dY Ih lot 1 r~r~ ~rtms ~r~lC methpd ~d we 9 La 8lined ~e0 ad ~ ~r ingrovrmeotl I~ B~~1~· ilmvlnmp far ~gq q~srerYlllb~loUwi~d~L: L F~~ tD comparetaulb Ln "lsquatiol monedic'witl lyaemsnsdic" I ya bcac bf ~ bhl~la~lrqum~i~lPdel~hY Idu~Yass dll C·dl eir Cr~ e~~ nl C, is i sny as I'p mPumc" saJParircn (difCerunt r)~ ~onsunas)~~r ~t"til;ialYh iadePadcat 1~· 2. nl st~tistical~~d id~~ rd ItYla~ ~LYI bs pl~b~sol~ ~~I far tbs diffamt ompuw~ needed I g,~d~r·bi~lY)Lt~~Y~~ · ; y.L ~ in W~ ~e~ I~· I ~1.C'ib~L~r~P·~t~~~~' irrli~ n("pun 31rl~YI~·· ~~I B Coi berween ~~ snd P moesdis a id I bl dif~ereatrCa of mas lhvl QC lequeati~ld~ '~5 ~ ~ ~d yd ~ inc~dcd i~~l I mddade O~,~ J1~ Y k li~~guultiooa~ira tdd~~a9 - IS ~~Cd·Mdid~ulll~lYI~~~1Ybl~lf~:--- ·I: ·;:.'" ~. ~~g: Prdermecltthc A apf~mtebd i u~ ·~5 W I~a~d~~~~~~~·Y~Y~:= ~:~: =;;Fi~S~p~~ql ~ ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni +P9 do 81Sr 4400 P83 la, Il,sJ 12119 ~4-4~J151-~ PRT i~ ~6i 13 versus OwD band" at the 95% eonfidene level in pure mofadic cons~rmer twrr ehsl suppading 8mibutes among target anohn, fhe mnnber of prgasmob Jbolld he the sarne and should he fuea for qjoipt project Iwidiog to the te oi the wsnredlnpeded siruenea (samplevs, brg~t) aPd the needed canfideace level (normally 95%), ~ihdhcr test deslam is slquno~al or pure mooadic the aslimeal si~ificaace of diffamces Should always be caldd The Soldtptr t·~ert for independent samplw (pure monadic) pr dependmtsampb (sqxndalmonadie) should be used, If more lan one caodidate is tested an aalysis of variance could be mlculatea in additiae If more than one cyldidateis tested and there is no clear winner one has to ~r~a the clucstion which candidate is "bet~cr? The EMlpdliSOD becwe~ the samples should be done on round statistical sauna: s.g, a t3M for independent FoaPJme~ aampia. ( Ihs iarmat dScwa Cnu.r Rponwa~ $ malt Yrm~we rda Ngatto adgY format with some additions; 1 ObjluAmoreaMikddacri~tionoflh~~lmpioshouidbeindudodu~n appmdix (sa SOUa Crm's rcpo~c)~ 2. Meihodologg, This paragraph Ihwld also contain Ibe informat$nwhich stltimlcal methods Lw b#nllsed incb~d~g the name oflhe comp~erognm used. The quwtionnlircoradaaiph~:oaafthc attn~butes and scales used jiee Souza Glut's report) Jbould bteomepmofthrlppmdix 3, Consumb Sunple. i, ~I~ipF~diagDi~idcdi~B~blBtdbaieAmibnt#~jke~bili~,Aeccptancc, Preference) and 43 TanrDncrliq Attributes. Result from SFS right' andlor "idcal product" or any other ~estioos should bewmmen~cd under separate headings afthiS main paragraph Onig ~t~adsdcallyrignifica~ndiffaLl~~~bouidbedse~ibedin C/ part~ Tables shwld be sheaandonlyeontainaaext~dofthcimpartantf~dings~ 5, AppePdizAUrcJu$ intablnwith th, appropriate statistieal~ey F~E~S (t·8· BATCF's regaa), A graphical ptwsntatjob of le data should be voluntary. Detailed description dthe samples tested iull questionnaire or daailed dcsaiptioa olthe ~ttd$utclandlcalen i~lam~nlNillhtYlcgo~160uld'MtlioJltb~ad~~~icbuc~d~dlonc~ them and to compare the d;aawith the nwa on#~ There are a few other poiaa daieh caused us some problerm: Strone parity: In a statistical sense OPC hascithafoundasi~iF~iuntdi~m~corpatTbe exprcsJiw parity is undentwd ar D rgnonymfor 'Itat~icallg not Iliffaent'. Lofar the expression "swng City" should he avoided. It b BATCF's view ~tthe "just light' rsdpgs are an explanation why a ,~,p~,ram~em~n~~ban~.iievrd~nabcrBmodifyins& prfacnee rating . )B ~o·diffc~c~ce anJIIM: Whereas BA~CF did not allow a"nodiffertoe~"l~weriothcplir. O compari~npreferen~c~Jation ,,l~,i~di,u~~did~lowil(s~of . pnferncepaetnragadooctcp"lioMk),Bec81Kitcaaootbsndaded~allhcslmpio ~ 5~ .... ...-~j~:~;,~;S~. .;~i~\ ~il~ ·!~h ··;0~ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 +dg 80 0151 4400 pgp 18, 11,93 12'19 ~q~JB*115:-44BB ~pTMHISB ale pncoived arbeiPg equally good, the "oo dafered pnswc~rhauidba clpully disoibutcd ovtr samplaandlarge~p~dPctre~3ts. 'Io demaPmzte the pmblcmJ blvedwe tao~~tbeB8WpRfaco~eradng~~l"8Pmpic,lf the "ao~di~fPme~' a"""" an ioeluded the distiibutiPDedthe peEe~eo~ i wg elosrm l~s:!ofotallfaurslmpieJ: Ss~ 1A 9 8 7 ~idamaa Q140 4Wll 41141 41144 ~!8aace II 11 II 14 sn.Pref.H 11.5148J 18.1111.5 IO.RP~I 49151 Wca~um~tha~a~YaddaYalig~i(lc~prdnme~iff~nre~"~~t~~ sampl#· We n#d m agree oo the waPted impr~vmns inm~bodaiogyuntilthene~diolltdol9iWB CP~tadag is going to suit Tha$orcwe wauldiikeropgsprcomment~untilendoi 1993, We would then try topreparea6PalpaperImri~cdpanBradn40fthe minut# "Best Pnctise inPtodud'Iating~ ~ those anpd we dlU agree on, Kind tegatds, a~,Q'u~8 EhrbardKoebn O ·r iC ... ~~:~;-~ '""""' ·~'-I· ·. .~: ,,. '""' .... ~,;r'· 4·~· U C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ~I_ d BRITISH·AMER~CAN TOBACCO COMPANY LIMITED FACSIMILE To: Ehrhard Kijhn From: Derek Irwin Company: IBAT Cigarettcnfabriken Phone (0703) 793801 GmbH Number: (040)415105 Far Na: ((040) 41514400 Far No: 1(0703) 779715 Date: 19/11193 Pages To Follow: Dear Ehrhard, ( As explained in our telephone conversation about your paper on CPT changes forjoint projects, I first want to comment on So~a Glut issues, I attach the text and tables from a fa( I Sd to John Jagger at Souza Cruz This was in reply to issue raised in a report of the Souza Crul WWB CPT results. A case was made in favour of pure monadic, My reply disagrees widt that we, i think the results, particularly those for Hollywood Export against US Marlboro, support my concern about matching panels in pure monadic comparisons and the reults make a care for sequential monadic, Rob rcrris was also circulated with the Souta Cruz report and my rcp~. He has told me that he agree with my reply with the exception of my support for paired preference tcttng& citing Project CATARINA as evidence against paicd comparison. To di~c~s for a minute CATARINA compared results for six types of test using the same pairs of products in ah of them. They wcie: One cigarette tests tin a hall): 1) Paired comparison 2) Se9ucotial monadic StquMdal moradic in own home: 1) one day placement 2) three days 3) seven days 4) fourteen days I do not think that lessons from results for a paired comparison test based on one cigarette can be extrapolated to paired comparisons based on one or more packs of each cigarette which is what I would suggest. Neverthclw, the one cigarette paired comparison test appeare~ to be the mot SCPdtiVG, based on the number of attributes for which significant diff~ctJ were recorded, ~j~s sensitivity can be viewed as "good" or "bad" depending on one's point of view, A more relevant aspect of CATARINA is John Jagger's statement that "meouraged by BATCO~s project CATARINA findingj @mving that indi~idua overall evaluation ratings me more reliable than the typical preference question wed in monadic scgumtia CPTs~ Swza Cruz changed its ;B CPT methodology to pure monadic in July 1992". CATARINA has not yet been reported O REQMSPARKROAD MIIIgRDOK SOVIH~MPTOII SW1PB ~J RrcDOmcr Mn~wcK KnowuCRru SuPm Mmpl3s# TW111DY ~Ncom~nnrmnlo~wmNa~4nl AMwnnotnaBATIra~vr~lCao~n t··--:t -·I,· 0\ Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ·· formally. However, I have presentation slides which include the stalemul 'the di~crmce between overall aneptabiq gmdun ratings is synonymous with and predicn prefennec in all ~F~thodS but espedally strongly for the ti~e and seven day placement tests", 'I~s dow Mt support lohn laggeis claim that CAThRWA found that it would be better to use aceeprabiirl ratings. In marrl years of ~d~ing CPT ncuuts I do not recall 1 case where pr$mnee pointed in the apposite direction to acceptability ratings and therefore the CATARPIA ~ndina an not a surprise to me One of the issues you raise in your papa is "Lding ways to eompYe results ~mn sequential monadic with pure monadic test dtsi~ because of obvious problems with the sequatial rnonadic deJi~ in B~ii aRd the cost advantages of the pun monadic design (at iea~ for BATCF)". I believe that the S6u2a Cnt2 case for pure monadic is badly Iawcd and t~at that were no problems with their s#iuendil moFadic d#iga, other than their Iklure to met the pre~in~$ agreed WWB protocol with regrd to rtarisdea analysis. I sympathise ith your polt on costs, but remain to be convinced OR 9un monadic with regatd to rnatebing of panels This could he 1 pmicular problem if one wants to analyse the results from a nbsa of a panel, for c~ample female smokea, Total panel si2e may be large enough to miimise matching area but the danga will increase when subsets are analysed, as they aRen are. You already have my views on the ( ad~rmages and dir~d~ama~es of pun and sequential monadie tests, My land BATCO's) prefaence is still for sequential monadic. My letter to John ]aPSCr noted (aJ in your papa) that Icutain dc~Ee of standardi~tion of BT methodology was achieved during a meeting in Zousinille in Januarl 1992 (for WPIB). nle action standard war dhed in terms of a preference question in a sequential test. Ihir should continue to be the c~se unless then is clear evidence pointing to a need for change. The Scuza Cnu nidenee is not in this category, I wwtum to your bther NSSKiions, nssuming that these apply only t6joint projects and, mere specifically, to WWB, I agree that the number of target smakan should be the sane and should be feed for anyjaint project according to the rhr of the wamediocpeacd diffuznees (sample v.targeg and the needed confidence level (95%). However, I think ihis would have to be modlcd if same countries used pun monadic and othcs used sequential monadie. I agree wit your paints about statirid analysis. I agne with your points regarding more informative rcporu I would like ta Jee tablw or hjstograms giving the dimibi~ons across the seven points of the scale, This applies pamndarlyto "just n.pht' scales to ehede for thing hire bi·modai distdbulionr. Ihave dwbts about the value of "ideal product" ratings. i qeet that if conaunen could he ~ven their ideal i I bird test thea they would put thdrideal soon somewhere cia. The same applies to 'just right" scale. Themain emphasis should be an blind comparison ofluget and eanCdate products. TOP any ~cmo~u may exhaust the pants patience, I gec widt evnyding inyc~p "Strong Parity" and "Noaiffe~ec answers" sections. I think that BB~W should miimise the differmm in pend Imowledge of the guestionnaire between Imnokcd 6at" and 'smoked second" rrptrina. I bare this on a reading of their current · a proadures. j~CPJ "' I ')~~:: ."~: i ;O Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: Dill "-~ · gl·--1II0111 Tai HYI CC: A~n SlsphlnJoo Orahern Reed Robin etsln FROM: oae 17 lovamber 1993 SUaJECT: PQRS Report Jl,lrP 1999 I ·d·l thl drift PDRS RePOll fOr ~,LR Ig)t OC t i L1 pll #bL ths d*r fnidar a~ia full data kr Aux~e ad emr·a ~u o·jrJ data for Chiia · tcgllherwim the data already ruppls~ thia b raw the full Ja~ Pv~ also ph II elear folder lent extra teblee lorhp a eummarl of New Index d~l~ Tbaaa In Clb fal rOU I"'"~'P1 not I~ hdl in j) Llb raoort (1o plvan ra~da~ drawinp potentially erroneous oenclueleoa Ibd quality ~~y~ in dCI·I Irbd · tb laJt It or bml i bkd fO Y1 bo. ~I draft apod cornoriaaa: 1 pp~d tlxt dasuibinp hpw II IYld~ll 111 01~~ C· ePlb on thles and oanelueiorw drawn from tharn. Old Id· ~ aYa ~o~~ II IQII1 rLIC br Dpyir lhd k iB lcrau I ~C yearer ~s Juppodng gp~l d~L 1 l~lA eolpdal br aAl CrpJlr 1003 detl with 1991 1 flvl lhowinP Rr~ dr in compltilivl Ila (CDmplnial lnd bllY ~ · aornae 3 hl~rs~rr I fipureJ Ihdap how this breekl drR market by market. MI index 6 IglAl~h( II ~aJ· IS d~l br Colpds ad ksy 18 t~ down I hy market and dy d~l pact dglRD. gLI · ebeve ~~b in with A~r it n wish ~ ·( ·O ·Ill··L·I ~ · W·W ( C I-c~-----C~TC~T~C; ~, O S:~·~ ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni TO: ~e A~C Stcp~rnr (Ya ~ ~d~ DP CC GRli Mt Y~ Colnln We U II~ ~Ylb CC: ~OM: Y~ ~D, Ole ( DA~: II Rotc~ba 1)~3 Ilya n~en : ~~a (1 3 Brit Y~lp - c. In I~e Oa~a 3 ~igl ~ Ldd eoia g~a dka iB ditf~u~t aplb~b~l ra bia~lL· M' ~1'' d 'i'lL ~ 4Pcd~. gUMMA~ I~COMMEBIITIO~S L Sr~~dcr a Bla~ 6SM p~pa Itr~: C LP~ i~pl~ b 6Yb I L~ Y~ 611~11m ii dipd i~a~ ad qp~e~ ~d PD dmdrh inawd Liar ·d ·pp~ ~DI p~ ~ d~ I ~I IP 9~ bC C~ ; YlidrYIH~. 2. Ad~ Wi~o Ap~rtl~: D~as uCira ~r D~srrcnmP Irr ~b~ Y LI ~ ~ I~ YI ~ ~6~ r·e ~cm B~ d 1)! ~e ~ ·I Ed UD npon da or Le ~d rd ~ ~II I Q~ ~ ~1 a / a ,'O IsLcd bhaqld, Replrcan· o~ Br Iph dr ~e~ nY O IW ICW~·8 1~101 IOlrm6M1101 D11 1~ ·~·~·c·~.~ 2 --- · ---· - - ---clc'-'~'c" ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni be appmximaicly llW,000. Con~eguml~ I would advise that options 1 g63 are wplored more eomplddy before we consider rc~isiting the DASTXIYI~FP filter area 3, Bowlter Scott: Taey can supply fultha papers for evaluation Given the reasonable success that has been achieved in the initial exercise involving filten made with this type of material, I would recommend anotha mon complete evaluation is undutaken with I v;ew 10 leeding the R4llu into (1) above or trrminating the pmject if severe technical problems rdlting to dusting nill ucist, Further detail on each of the meetings is as follows: 1. Sehaeller & Bauch, Mding in S$inct with A,C~ StephensoniDr, T,Biji, conrnct Mr, M, T~bot consultant to Schalla & Bouth an TS~ Filten ~i, Blbot is ex Filtronl): Schodla Bi Hoesch are based in Baden Baden Germany with a plant producing approximately 35,000 tonncs of paper per annum. Ptedomirantly fat supplying C thecignreneindusrrj. Another industrial application is long fibrcd, high porosity papnfdr use in tea· bags, and porous plugwrap. Produced on a high speed inclintd win mathine with oxygen bleached pulps, Extersion ottbis technology into papas for producing TSM Elt#s is now being undertaken. Schodlu dr Hoesch do not have extensive RB~D facilities, also they do not have ~ paper filter making unit Currently paper samples are turned into filters by Filuona although E~kt Talbot ha a fanory in Hong Konq produci~ simple paper crimper units that are sold into the China mukef foruse in cigarette Wa manufacture, O ;-;- .. .,... ~_~_~~__~_~~ ~~_~_~.j C: I i I; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 TSM filter is an extension of work done previously between Fitropa and Schodlcr & Hoesch an a filter development called PuracJI, These filters in gualitative Yieatherometer tuting do not degrade as rapidly as the toilet type tissue filters being developed in RB~D. Currently we have not evaluated any fS~ products, in terms offUPD, end appearance etc., etc. In addition to offering potential environmental benefits Schodcr & Hoesch claim that cost saving of 15 · 20% are available with this filter (taking into considerations of increased weight of the tips). The filtration characteristics of this material are similar to PuraceJI i,e, in between those of CA and Myria paper filters, The reason for this is believed to be due to the formation of the fibre sheet, which hat high machine direction tensile strength and stretch characteristics and poor cross machine dircaion tensile strength. Tnis in turn allows for higher degrees of embossing of the sheet and gives a more open structure, analog then can he drawn with the Citer tow web, and hence a lower filttab~on efficiency. This paint was then extended in relation to how increasing the permeability of paper shed would influence the F,EJP.D. ~cla~onship? The answer is as yet unknown. Paper fitees have not been as extensively studied as C,G G.lters and the extent to which paper eharaetrriaics can be manipulated is not fully understood. Current understanding of the TSM filter suggests: i) small cut down ratio effect, (3 · 6%) but can be influenced by typclsharpnus of knives etc. lower papa widths of highs basis weight give paorfilter firmnws and end appearances at a given pressure drop than do wider papers aflwm basis weight. ii) Vmalrion nan be introduced by using porous plug wrap and pre perforated tipping. (R&ID has lab lass ventilated pursed filters previously), i'O i·Lh~ ilfJ -·i · ~ ~ ~:·;1... . .r~:: ;1 .···-· ···· · ---· -· ; k Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 nii ell,,,,,~l ~i. ~an~on~ ~I poba, d BI·i~.a~ail.·i~Cl~Ot'C BtdoP idsq. b, dd~ i tk Ita makib pna. CdPl~sJ~aLa i) R*ddrrNyd·d~~~'Y~ iq a~r3~191d~~~Yd~lr·le a~h ~ ~ ~ be ail~~ 1 a6'Ci ~e· b.d~ o·d P *dS L LltL LldBl~b 6b Isl ·119. Clr ttl II~ anil~urJ ~i~ uo nl bl IM rl ·i· T·R "d~ ~d~ rq~idp h,i~~a~al eio4~rPaY~L~'Bi~YSr Ir~l hl~i~ YI1~ULd ·bblk ~~tb ··Y ~p ~ L p61a ii 3~D Y~· ~ i I~ i~~r Y Pdo dBdl ~loab t~ Id i~o~~ Tb i~ a ma dd ct C BPi ~lda i ·10) c4 L vodd bt Id~d dal cora tar L~ilsli·~~'Ylb~~Y4 Cc·~h~)qs~~rYIILSLdY~id~ . ,a4 d b In Y r ~i~ Le IdlbE Lro aCa n Pdld·AILd ~ b il~l~J ~~~ddll bliP ~3il~lbc4~qili·~ QI I·C Y· L~·Yd r·i·cr~~~" ~YY ~c~Cre ·· k· ~··-·~ ·a :;·~Z~t:~_ U. g ·-· i ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni ··_· ]~ kotlPlp,.Blmmrinhma~m"l"blrRah IB~TP.D.alB Seen UK is wholly owned lubddiauy oEScon USA ~Ihy hive3 dr in IhUK aormw, Marpah and NoirhBM wit headquanen in EBlt GdNtcad. i ?he have no RIID in the UK,lhir is lit carried out in philadelphia USA. 1 Scott Nmndy have lo% ma~cl lue in the IrX with bmd nMler rrb a Ficsta snd Andrm ~IhFi ~uv~ ~E~r Epmpa"isiniraa Gt.my, Spaih Idh Ausc~ilmd Mexico, At Barrow are 4 paper ma~ng m6n, with line speeds of 1000 rnetreJ par minute and jumbo reel silu of 16!lmmYnth and 2470mm CJred to I? mnvcning lines. niroughput is currently IOO,M]O tenner P·k Barrow can offer the current prpu we have ialled with, 1 li4liy harder paper 6.a, lerr ii s~n~ ran calcndnbali Bath their nppr~acha dwld ndule duding. Thy will nor Ilthisnage convert at Barrow for dnr dimendon~. Cosu; are 1800 per 1PMC, P~I 1100 for slitting and t40 patonne for tranrpon Commudai q~itic~ oipspa would be Ililik less thul 6s. Currently the paper on oRlr fromsanmu would tordai upto 1~ Eclckd mn i Scott in Barrow de not cook or bkach pulp it is simply bwght in mi alittk r8ing i canied wt prior to the paper makh~g nuchinc. Exact 6brc~u used in the partieukr ppaBhT has beet Ismpled withwere ,t discussed HowMrSeon did admitthllthrl"e shortlR hardwoods as well as long iibre d woods and inlrpe~tive of type or B~de of paper ~~ b a problem, Thy do apply wet Y~npb agena b Pcha towel applicationshut thy do mt use Dueh or any other additive ID try and reduct dusting. Clit; PDF -!::!!::!!::!.f3 StlC.i: 0111 ,, M Lt ~rl de of P'I' h 11~~ ~0~ ~ c4)1 ~LcaL19'$'ld~a4L4qs~a~J yb~i·~a~bl~0~l~. y~lJI·L~·'~L·~'~II ec i~i Ic ·~ br L PP~G. I~D~ ~SE -· "···:*~:: ~*:'~~~ ClibPDF - v~~fastio.soni