SECBE'I 1981 B,AIT, BO~U) Sl~i~C~S S~IDRfNC TSn~S m Earch 1981 C W i3 \3 n) L~J i~7 BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 IAay 1999 t I o cr: V; W (3 hi L·~ V\ BATCo document far Legal Services: Health Canada 19 May 1999 SZCI(TT SHOKiTe ISS~-S PART 1~SU~:TOSS a::t~ 3981 BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 u: (~ nerr~ rs~s :~'-i~ i aSS~;!OXS I, bsac!ltiPnl`of various I1JIIIIJ dt~ annking are RI1IICI by oost au:~pr!tics, the oedla end the general'public in deve!oged countries as hatring been e~t~bltsheC~ 2, rmcs sl~ 5e a reduction In the ioc!denca of car:lin '.: ~PP~ICrlSIOCILtCd diseases YhiCh ~11 be R1ICICltCd by ·· Y ::~nti·totipg forces as I conjeouence Of product adir:clt!or and hlacs as avid~nca oi uulaeion; 3, ~:~ocg~ ao sudden bre~~~r~up ~ mvi~~g~ to salve rhl ;~~lng end he~lc~ ~cPblsm, hcienlilic ~~~elrch will give rise to products seen by doct~s to be of resp risk, i, L~~~Lr ~Y~ ~1l ~ril is I dbt' Trdrd bY: albeit p:eS a tim Iro~~ rate in rll Ilrt~~l, j 5, Pslc~oFhl~cologicll aids (mij··, dco~~t d~l p etc,) ~11 c::;!nPe in sidl use. Ccrtlin drugs ~1l be penit:ed and bpCole accepted for social ~I~ 6,· eubiic interest in 1PtltiO· tbl~~~ Itiq to health viU be ~,~~!otainld In developed countries ~ vilJ continue to ~c~crse It an accelerated rate in the rjorlq of lesser detelopedl ~r~crl~ This enhanced interest Fill be provoked $ supra-~attoa~ bodies,. c~g~ UorlC 8cl~eh Oraanisltion ~O) bt co~i;:lll set up under BO auspices a3d b the European - CO-O~!itlt!PI COIICtCb on Saoiting and Aeal:fi (;crsa) focd by ~n~i·s=oti~f organisationa of the 8C labtr countries, i. Smo~e:~ ;-ill continue to look to t~e i~duJt~ ~o develop products vhic~ e~e loner consider ~Irl reduce the ~;kJ to he~lth. 8.~ Sooka:s, ladu~t~ emptbvlll, t~e uhol~o~le and retail trades and tDbeec3 !I~rs vi!l lobk ~ :hl 46~~:~ td defcad thd~ interests end vi~ be in~rea~ingil uilling to play a part in this "·: defence. ~PPlltrl in Com51nles and PI~!E1:I:1! Nol I's, d!l IPC:CIIIPOLr ~~~~lli ~adl. 1B~ ~4~ BI~~ .r0, ~4 Toj,cea industry uill only be able to defend itsel::.against 3 Ittae~ ii it presents a united response, 11~ Co~etitort vill honour industrp I1:tealntl if i: is to their td~c:~j~ to.do so, v·\ -8' (3 o N BATCa document for Legal Services : Health Canada is ray 1199 -2- :::'~ I!. aile i: ic;e ~a~r;o'B eare a~gnr;ire ap3ralk m.rad~:ll issues ?ill be lalel by :~e tdust:T vhnr is see~k glvcn:rlts, ~~ie c;dia and the ~e:c:kl pubiic· is inrie~!~il!ty and a reluctance 5y;~e i,Custrg :3 present a less rec3f:!sdIy lar;!san sieu ?i~ create hos~!litp apocg·lnta~!!gele and iaim!ied :elg!e. :~e :ICus::! ~:!! te criticised increasingly for spendi:~ scjsra~e!a! 5~r on advertising whi:.i vl!l be sea as ec:7urag!lg:': '~:~e seb;c!ng ~5fr, Jtve::~eless, :tere till k no va!i~ n!?e~ce'·j''' in the developed ~o:!1 t~s: brand advertising increases r3tal'·~:, c:nso~c:ioc~ In developing countries, research ~ilr not shnv !!enr!csl r·s~~.rs. Ev!delce tha: alrer:isinn restd:ris~;·'~!3:/ leveloeed countries do a6:hing to reduce cigarette c3asa:?tiPn F:n C:E dissuade authorities fro; continuing :3 restrict or ban cigarette a~re:::skg~: i;. ~!dica! LC:LC:Lt!CS aal ar.!i·ssolt!~l 7::ssure ~~ugs vi:! c3orilue to influence public opleicn, t~e media ad gover;e~rs to OPPCSe SG3ki?~~ ~3 area Of' consensus Vi!l open bet~ean.do~ors and the tobacco i:~ust~ as product development continues and as doctors !Celtift the role of *!PSS hZd;bOUS~ cigarettes, 15~.·There viU be an increase In the n~ce~ of countries fa;:oduciag\) ~~ti-aoic!3g education in schools virh a Piev :3 eradicating the ·_ s;ok!ng habit. .'·~·. -· !L~ Covec:et:s a:? medical authorities ~i!l be E::;p~~3ed t3 increase control over the !:dusr~ ad its ;:Juc:s. in sera cases the allrhb:ltic~;ill ::ess iJr the labs:ator? vorit usac!a:ri vith control to be financed t the iaCFs;:~. I;, legal restrictions on s:sic!ng, on ~~e induscl and on ~~~ ~zr~ee!np and advertising of its ~::~x:s vil: i?c:ease;2~ :~e:e vil! be w:c~;:ess·t:e on the industry to pake ~::t~e: e~~eessio~5. !3. T;:ere vill be a s~ff: i: public opi:icn, 3a:n17 in dePe::7ed countries, in favor: Pt' stricter efislcesent of exis~ir;:a* but .-· this ?!!1 be oir'ser to some arent by a'Jldeni'g reseat:e:t pr".:':, further int~llfpn oP personal liberties. :: · There vill be a t:ndenc7 on the par: of certain scientific" L p.. e~i~clts to relate saef!.:e smoke constituents to particular ir, diseases, 2", ClrSoa Y~oxila~ ~xi!es o~ ~e;lge~, F?:;sfapi~es rC e:'Er i; constituents gir·Seerrse iacrcasicail regarded br certain sciearif!c,ener:s as health halu-s for smater;, .·, C;7 c~:·' ·? ~·~ o ·/ ·: F~ CI; BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 2!~ Cwemed:s villex~rt:~press~re to achieve uaxinulimits on s3cr!:ic sloke consri:uents such as tar, nicotine, carbon =pnoxide and oit:ogen oxides~ :.~'···'' 2'., League:ables pill be published in more countries and ~iil! be enlarged by the inclusion Of further chemical substances i: tobacco smoke~ Ihere pill Se demands for a sp~ta for s:~pl!fling this !3lanation~ 23. ·~~cot!;e pill continue to be considered by sons doctors as less' ,~:tarsfu! to the majority of smokers than tar. Nevertheless ··,':i;oti~e dependenc;r pill be attacked and manufacturers pi!: be hutcher and/or imlro~e_ct~e encouraged to lover nicotine levels i ratio of nicotine to tar,-. 26, Some published pork 3aia~iPa!s uill shop nicotine to be ~ei2lp ca~c!logenie~ :~ 25~ Cc~err~ents villtdcmand that health varning clauses bec3r,? increasingly more severe, often stating that sox diseases are caused primarily by mold3g. ·~. \s 25, because, In some animal tests, cigar tlr.is more o~pot:ael!e than cigarette tar, certain authorities pill regard the smokir of cigars as being era ha~ul, r: 17,.Tne hi~het levels of eatbon ~cnPxide deli~etie~ f:om dga:s~;F11· '· be claimed by certain authorities to be more har.kl to both:, smokers and non-smokers. I 29, Peopb v:ll continue to smoke cigarettes in different pays and investigations outside the industry pill estrll!rh:that league tables can be misleading. !9, Statistical evidence pill begin to *atP.riallse tf,~t the sv generation of L tar cigarettes present less risk to the health of seoicers. Certain scientific ex;er:s pill do~se ~!5~ Etalt~ authorities pill encourage :a( industri ts pursue a course of product modification but there r"ill be no si:5ie product solution, jg:: ~od!iiweiono no p:oducrs wL11 have aore assuracee le~ c:aslllnaso'!~ ?if health authorities in seen to be iJvolvad~'c=-· ii !· i(eCuc::on in biological activity per cigarette dll be.accqred by most doctors as the main desirable criterion for the'aexr fev pears at lease and pill lead to te3eved demands for the' re-introduction.of tobacco subsdl~~c~, \·:·. ·.·:; L'; `i·j C ~ 'i·~: OLr; BATCo document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -6- P~ t0lc~rl sin Il,o pfCI1~La Ir ~~~rion vi:':!splet ~p zddit:v(l ed tojrco ~lbJE!tPca~ and $erPIJiPlly d!! Ccnd data dn s~a~aeiqa coxic!!~l ,r ~cn dgs!i:c~~~ 3dificl dgl;tt:IJ IC~Y~ ~b~l:~ll ~!II at Pide 1CilptlPeC oPPopest~ of ~L~g bb had )ret!acr:I advocated t.',en 7111 appose then, r:crlaninl!~ glPlnele~ u:ll regpire a dl:!Ult!OP Or 71Eb Of the delivel7 oi cltta!s EoLa EoPr~~~acntl ·d ~C level Of i ine!plion of rl PPreoblc:1 r~cribl~~ :jj~ h noki3g ~d ~dth cr~ s ablll caatiOue to rYlrc;,; tcchn~e~l!!, d:~ all-tobacco elllraerrl, all C~t ~olapyta EdDI~!Cr ela be done vleh dPbl~itltll f~C hPI beer dc~0jd So Zone ari·fiotcrs Kill elc:!nac 0 believe the by d::E!ne Eo~f:g ~iaa ga!rt!q easier and pill, ~?lrPfoa, trc::r~gl its d~oelopel:. T)lose it or~lt hd·tr:cs dl! seek advantage hot d6 ~tl~t to rbe eob~c~:adurt~. (,) Ute~~i~r Datural Itct~li.dri be coosia~ad i:t 'q~oieatia in c!garerrcJ, b) P·cl~·· iail 61~1~104·~11 aecntiPcl to the ~tlq hlbit~ (E) Ittce~tl dll he ~t to cplpit the viah to give p noii~a~ esppa:icl vill ~c:edsi:g~l n~ke~ cigarettes tsr'~i:~ tile esP~ra dU efc: h~~:~ balfl~l~ j i?. (1) 6anl:arl ·I Cb1311~ the legal ~ljti91 dll i;II( greater liebi!itV oa ~jnuIlcturcr~ to their coos=!:s~ (5) ~ere is roon for 3lnoeuvre tovlrdsl ~rl FrediSil pblic FOsitio;l or' the coqmg, as'Jeep bl go~eam~l, ~4 ledll lad C1 Illlrll ~hl:c, op the pr~rl Le~lf acd ia~rth ieeua vith8 the legal coP~t~~e~. (c) P~r :~e ~PC bC~ll~b~;Ctl the UISI legal palt!so d~ " `' ~alt r~ indlltV tY oppOttunitr to clain It tar ~" ciglrlt:cr as bci~g less L~rdo· 81 JLI~~ ·~~ ladicn authOritics) or to tngnge h ·dlrleiPd~7~ips, L!, nere dll k ~crcaJi~g Irclslie fot the ~~:od~c:ioP of IptcPs of d~::or~ei~~~c!~l tanes for cigarette IrdPc:s ri:~ high or lov ~o~~ Ccrivarle~~ 6?o~~t pill CODE:POI to be criticised or the grOUPds Of IPfkl ~a~ ~~IL cqckai* *iid nrn L(ipd r~a~e dll P at:enyt~c~ ~e ~du~try'J ~si:!oa da`iheaa issues, C, BATCo dPcuneat for Le9al Services : Health Qsade 19 Ysy 1989 -5- IZ~ Increasingly gove~enrs vill use enlse as a health measure raising anise mes to penal levels, 43, Smoking p!~ become an increasingly unacceptable social habit, It vf!l '3a clearly established that the social unacceptability issue - overlaid on the medical controversy, the anti-smoking a::acb i3 the media and their endorsement through government tegis!ari3n · v!ll affect industry grs~~~ Non-smokers vi!l become i:z:easf~g!y vocal and Passive ~13kiDp vi!l increase in importance as an Issue ad be used initially to develop the social It.acte)tabll!ry of smoking through demands for further ~ legislation restricting smoking in public places (*Publlc Smoking'), bl, Fut:her ~or~ on Passive Smoking vilr f:--:inw to provide a basis have a deleterious effect on ooa-sJoke:rlfor increasing allegations chat e6as;!:~a~s in side-stream smoke 45, Smoking during pregnancy ufll be ~cceltd by most people as being hazardous to the health of the cntdl-, child, 46~ ~u.utager!e studies that smoking by males ~iU adversely affect progeny ~ill continue to be published a~~ reported on, Cf, Opponents of smoking In developed countries du increasingly cricicise the industry's operat~ans 13 Yrd iiorld countries and, in particular, on the iallow'og lreucds; : (a) lack of and ineffectual varnilg c~a~es~ (j) Fai:i~ to disclose fnior~t!pa on tar and nicotine levels, (c) Selling brands of considerably hig::er tar and nicotine content than those in the develope". countries, (d) d?~l~~q double standards by selling the same brand as is so" in developed countries bur ;'.ch a higher tar and oic3il3e content than the domestic ;ersfon 13 the brand's co~:~ of origin, je) dd:!:~e!y affecting food production by encouraging the local 8:37:q Of tobaccO and the exlanri:~ of tbls gnvrhl De-is:escat!Oa for flue-curing pr~;oses. (g) Os:7 adverrislng and prwo~ioPal:e~hods non permitted in developed c3unrries and uhfch encourage aon·spohrs, particularly the young, to take up s33king a~ smokers to QPO~e more, a::~ 1981 · '' · BPITCD document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 TYD3X IS~bTTOtB ,,,,..,,,,, No. 32 ,,5 Mvc~!Jing :.:~........... Ic. 13 ;,2 II II II II II II II II II_ 1; ~01 47 (8) Ilj ~a!=a!s ,,,, ,," No ~ ?G 1,3 II I) ·I I· II II II II II 11 ~01 !6 513 ac:!-smbki~g CrouJs ~~ .~ ,~ ,,,.,, Nc, 14 7,? associations of diseases r!:~ s;okinO 1 1~1 8) Sloiog!cal activity ~~ I~ ,,,, No, 31 ' 3.3 'If C) Car',on il0aoxide ,,,,,, b~ 20 3.i II II II II II II II II II 11 ~01 ?1 ·~ II )I I· II II II II II )1 SOI 27 713 Causation,,,. ~......,,,, No. 2 p.l Cheri:g guP (aiclef ne ) ,,,,,,,, No. S p~! Cigars ....,,,,,, No, !6 l,3 II II II II II It II )) f. (· NoI 17 113 Cb~oit!eors ,,.,., Nd. 11 1.1 CrediSllley tIndus:ry 6 Co.) ,,,,,, No~ 39 (b) p~~ D)' DE-iorestaeion ~~ ,,,,,,,, No, 47 (O 3.5 Dliierent!ll ex~!se .. .~,,,,,,.. Ne. 40 ;.I Double Standards (I)eveLpedlhve!~pfng World) 1Pc. 47 (d) 7.5 E) Education (aati-mok!lg) ..,,,,,, Na. !5 3,? ECeS;, EEC ,.,,,,,,.. Na. 6 1.1 Ea~loPe~g ....,,,, 8 Excise taxes ,,,,,,,, No, kZ l,j ·"2 i) Food ~roduc~!ofi,,..,,,, No, 17 (ef l~j Flucnring ,...,,,,,,,.,, Nc, 47 (:) ?,j C) Cr~r;~i~ rate ..,,,, ·,,,,,, go, b I) II II )I II II ~ ~I~~I~ I· II )t Ndi If 1)15 B) ~ Lal~h benefits ,,,,,, Na~ 38 p,k I) Industry ~gteements ~~ ~...,.,.,, Nd. 11 ),1 ~ndust~9 (bbacco) i. ,,,, Na, 10 o,l Inhala:!pn toxiei:g~~~ ~I ,,,.,, Na, 32 p,4 r3 ''' '·' ~J O N Lr; BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 i) hbP~acPry vork ,,,,,, No, 16 ~.2 League tables ..,,,.,, No., 22 p,3 ....,,,,,, ~o~ 28 p.3 Lgal positi6alc:nst~ais:sIrest:!e~!ons ,~ ,, No. 17 p.2 I, II II ·-II I, ,I I· II II II~ NO) 39 (a) 1.1 II II It II II II II II II II NOI jg (b) pll II II II II II II It ·· ·· (I No1 19 (C) 11~ "Icss Lzar~bus* cfsaae:es ~. ,..,,, No. 14 0.2 ,,..,,,,,,,,,,,, Na, 39 (c) p,l l!betties (petso:al) ,,,,,,,, Na, 18 pi? iov ear c!ga:et:es ..,,., No, 29 p,3 II II II II II II .· It II tl No. 39 (c) p~l N) gales (naaking 5~) ,,,,,,.. No~ 46 p~5 P Marijuana ,. ,,..,, No~ 5 p~l hxinum l!ni:s (:onse:ai:lts] ..,,,. No, 21 p.3 ypderation ~mpairs ..,.,,,, Nc ~ 39 (c) ~~~ rrtagenic stdies' ...,,,,. No. 46 p.5 Y) Yic3t!3e ..,,,,,, No. 21 II II II II )I II II II 1· I· NOIW p13 II II II II II It I) II It I· NO. 24 p13 II It (I (( II II )· It It II No. 36 pil It II 11 II (1 II I· It II II NO· 37 (b) p14 II II II II 1· II 11 )) It II NoI 47 (b) p15 II II II It II 1· II II II (I No, 47 (C) p~5 ..8leot!ne chevin~ gt3 .,,.,, No. 5 p,l Nleat!ne delelde:cy ~~ ~. ..,,,.,, No. 23 ' p,3 Nii:3gen Oxides ,,,,,,,,,, No, 21 p,3 fitrosamines ,,.,., No. 20 p.2 Non-snoksrs ,,,,,,,,.. No. 27 p,3 ,,,,,, No. 44 p.5 ...... ~I ,, No, 47 (g) p.5 so. I's,,,,,,,,,,,,.. 9 o,t 0) ax!des of Iftrog?r ,,..,,,, So. 20 p~? P) Packs (de~laFatiol) ~.,,,,,, Na, 34 p,l Passive waking ,,..,,,,.. No. 43 p~5 ·I II II 11 II II II II NO) bl p15 ~P:3duct deveroplel~ ,.,. ·-· Nc~ 16 ~ p~2 ·I ~· ,I II P:3dilCt Pod~ficarion .,.,.,,. No. 2 p.l II II 1. 1. II II )I II () 11 ~01 29 P·3 I) 1( II 1· 1) II II 11 I· II NoI 30 913 Pregntnfy ~~,,,,,, Ho, 85 ~,5 Prsgcay I~..,,,,,, No, 46 p,5 P:onetio~al Pethods II I~ ,,,,,, No. 47 (g) ~,S Psp~bpha~3acologic31 aids ,,,,,, No. 5 p~l Prjlie S~ak!a~ I~ ..,,,.. ~..: No. 43 p,5 ·, ' 3 i;' BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~I~ t~ea~ trades I~ II ·~ II I~ ~, I, 1,1 n.~· ~· I· II II B· 3 111 II )I II It .I) It I) II I) 11 ~01 7 1·1 II II II II II )I It II I) 11 110I 29 1)13 )· 5) Side-strea3 ~d~e ,,,,,,,, b, M 1.5 SeOie cobs~leucnts I~ II II II So. 19 p,2 Social costs/ucaccc7elbilir7 ~~ b~ ii 1~4 II II I· II ·I II II II 11 ~01 13 P,5 T) Tar ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, b~ 21 1,3 II It ·I II It ·I I· II II II ~O 1 23 p,3 II II )I )I II II 11 II II I) 11~) 25 1·3 ;I I) )I II II 1~1 II II II II ~fOl 17 (b) P15 1. I) II I) II )( · II It II (I ·Y~I I·I (E)lp.5 1T.: Tobacco fanetri ~~ .. ·~. ,, 8 1,i Third vor!d co~n~:ies ~o~ 17 7,5 Tobacco g:ovilg ,, I; ,,,,,,,,,, 130, 07 (c) p,5 Tobacco substitutes ,, 90. 3'. p,3 It II )I II :·lt () II II II ·1 1;0I 32 pt4 II It II II II 11 ·I II II II liP 1 34 ptb 11) [Jabon child · I~ t,,, Nb, Ij P.I I llaited relpdpse ,,,,,,,,,,, L~ 10 p,l UISt (t II II II II II ·I ·I 1) 1301 j9 (Ej 1)14 fi) ~Uaning Classes ,,,,,,,,,, p,3 ' II II II II II II II 11 II I, SO( it (a) p,5 k30....,,..,,,, 96~ 6 p.i ~ciesale trade ,,,,,, So. B p,! Y) Young (;i~e) ,,,,,, 1Jo, F (g) 1,5 ' hreh 198l :·. \1 · '1- ' ~' L·~ O N C;II r BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 EPC@t SMf~ ISSUES 1UT I~ Q~EBA~ STRlTECIES ~re~ 1981 BMCo document Lr IegPI Services : Health Cllsda 19 Tty 1999 :~. cr~uu, s;s~cns I~ e~~rs 1IP COI~B, r3I~ lmlIrr5, ~~~;~y ~~ TdE ~DD II ., 1.i i, ;C· 9ocia! b~rancas and RasPonsiSI1!:7 2~· ~d~P1 can:ravetsp ,, I, ~3. " Social Costs - I, ~bppl~~iZ,;,. "1 9, ,,,,,, 1,3 ~:~~g Clauses ,I 2, Llrnul Tables , , ,,,,,,,, 1,3 3. hxi~ Tar and Ilebtine LMtJ ,,,,,,,, p,S .1 iS~D~f~D~ 5~ Tlnt!oP II 1~PI ~O reduce C4llltrC eosun3tian at iadcce ImokerJ eo sul:ch to lov tar brands, 6. dd~crti~~ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7,i SaP:so:shie ,,,,,, ,,-,,,, 7,i I. 8es;:!clidas oo S·~~ in !ablie Placet (~jl~ Sl~~j') g~S Q C,' ES~Q ~g ~R~~m ,.,,,,,,,,,,,,;,J D~ P~~CTS ,, ~~~Mnn~~ .. 1'1 I·~ i, CltaIs : El )I It II II (I It II II ·1 II II II~ Spcci!!e Ind;x ,,,,,,,, p,:O ,·, ·*, C (.;J I:2. N BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 ray 1994 s~r~ rssms ~· ··' ~·- CE~I S~~6~S h~ EYT!OJS m~;;~ran, ~DI~L a~nonIr@s, r:~sf ~ 50;isI b~rete~s l3d lesooPsibili/t ~ecnuse there is general scnsirivie~ in respect of 3~ products ;L: SC, a thP~C se all tilc~·be pr:iedlrlt vigilant !p`;' c:ra:!~ ~~r a :erain.beJoDd reproach cow~~q th grllnarlr ~::!1J and obl~~l:ior oe.Ove both our coor~lrr and our g:~lel~ : i:: ~~7t~, 9 Ihd~'~ p~rtitQlrll sensitive e3 fnl:l;:i~ ~~~iene factors, E~71rO~C3tll noise, otd:nary:lxi: h:l:~s, I!;re ~14 3i L1·IC cLe 4 pcver ~~ia~l!:Llcld r :33siEers and srafi and a Is manufacturers lust be able to irsasrrl~l t~: 9 are acting relpop~bl~:pd ~le concern for :~cl: interests 1: all r::cs, 1~~ ~ds toe~ly ~g~il~r our plic~~ ~e3~~ge P~n·lddl~ ;o ·no~c~ ~e 2:1 "ldical eooc:oPI:l~ !,1 :: Jiev of the fa;: that the present stance of the indus:rr ~f~ :raC!~i!ig vie" ~:~crmlctl, the Iedia and the general Irh!ic, :?~ encroach on t~e subfec: is being considered, dc:~ils of ~ici ?:~ be circ~a:~ to 1U EOPPInfeS in due cl~:al~ i.! 3~cI~I a do s: ~lh to appear intransigent and :reogzising the s:~:~ of ~o~ Of :~C medical research on ~hic~ tie case against j:3~39 is blSIC,;C W~d he vise not to contest Iubliel! the :a~i:i:~ di ~c! if r~e IcCieQ evidence against E31!rf~ ~esertbeltss, i: Cclt-clt c~~ce a abonld challenge ~:::lre~l[ioP ;tlre it is vrong and a should challenge r:ac-.urale and dishonest st~~clcl~l~ Eiillhank re be F;;latek. i! Group Compw!eS if there-iJ'd requircaene to challenge m~~ I:7lrse E01C3: ~:Cb is not covered b~ the Position papers. (~~ ~ t,! :: is essential :~~t, on Slokinl issues, the iodalt~~~b tiith c~ ' :te voice, Canlatlts Should press for the cstabl!s~~cnr 4f Il:ianll ~ofa;:::er~ blocktio· where there do lot al:eldf c~!Jt~ f~ Y. \ O '~* o BATCa document for Legal Oonk,l : Hedtb Canada 19 May 1))9 n · \'\ (? \3 ~ ,·~ '·j 2.5 :he: Iresc:;!:3 t~e~ildukt~~s cue to Cove~ca ,W,ilisteis, cjm:a:ies should ensure that the indust~lr includes'!n its suhlissi3-s details of its contribution to the social and ec~~3afe Gever33nent of the country and eherefort·should prepare Cos:!3e·.eiie.d:.klyses !3 suppore cl their Lain, 2,5 d forno (:PO~3) has been established:at which international C3L:d3ie9 can discuss issues of Qeual interest in the field of I I s~aiti~g a:? hel!r~ i:, order;o agree a clean pes!tion where possii~le~ This sbuld assist in the ulif~rsity of approach - and~,`·' ,1 action t·~cre necessary, Companies ?i!l continue to be advised:ol:,· \~'' the areas !7 V~!CI a C310P position has been reached by I?ilOW: and also oi certain constraints that tYiOT.IB has aceep:ed.l;)~ CoJ)a,y 13llci3s stould confon with this advice, ·.· ·:· ~~ ~· 2,6 ~CsP~P~a~fes s~culd influence, as far as possible, medical acid official 3:inisn against incautious I~os~rion of coasr:a:1:s and any a::·a~o~alle resa!ct!m on sPPk!ng. To do eh!~ it is P?:al to es:abliJa a -dialogue vicfi medical authorities and gove~ele age:c~as~ ~ 2,7 ~u: ~r!~a:! ob:ect!7e muse be to dltati,despite the attacks on snnok!:: d be;lth grounds, a pcsi~forri~ bhich we are fret to pursue our legi:i~aee business interests through che ~:keei~g of ~O~CC3 I:Sduc:s, Further objectives mtst be the protection of the ipet::sn if our coas~ners, ianl(of uhom find smokiPg ,~ i~Jenefic~al in one way or anoeher~nd the protection of the ·~ '·'· ~~~i~nlerests Pi IldllS:le employees, the retail and wholesale t:adl;: .·, and tobacco itners, whose livelihoods all depend on sDoking, `'' 1 2,8 Each ts~i:y staulb ensure chat its clllroeees, the trade'aa,d the far:e:s are aware of its position in relation to s-,Pking issues, Con:anies should no; disseninate any docusents on these issues vi;~o·; F:ior l!edraace by esb:ic hiiaf:s Depelere, V!!15alk· 2,9 We:! I~~ 2ucsdon of sloking issues is active and v'ncre the !~drs;~ is sponsoring health research it should keep Jlef!c:! auttc:itlas !~fJr,e~ and invite their vievs on s!jnificae: Icvel33:e::s. 2,!0 I~e IIC3S:7 in one eotlPIrY night wish to puSl!c!se the results of reseat:,h carried our lo other countries even where such ·'' telei::h is no: laonsorcd bphaleh aurhotiries~ Coe,ar,iel i' ~~shou!? refer 13 public Affairs Delar;~ea~, r,illbaak before sucb·c. action is ea;ce:~ BU:clea::h should not be co~nuslcarcd outside L~e C~oUp'blclS ·\ '· .' approved first by a 6 D Departmen:, Hir!bank. ·;·· " \\~:> 3, Social Costs k'hen fated ui:t~ ct!:ieismr; related to the social costs or" C; srPoitit~lp~a'ies should ensure dar.rhE: local industry Fakes ;i, C· :ul!s!lei a s~a~ on this s~bjecrlv~ic~is aeiag e!:cuhed ds liJ esc~ charter i; c;a3ieted. O BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ·-3- ~cdetat!ln Ca~l~~i:: I' ~thaugt! comanie~l~3c!d ~ct mde~ra;ce noderailon, canpafps for the r!~e beir.gl:r:E) si.ou!C e3asiCet the oerirs bi canpaip based on j:c'iier E3ur:esl to non-smokers aoa~ihi ~ropot!sn of mutual r~l'e:a:ion. a~ ~aRK~1Ise ssD I?~-~:r~r .·: In the face of Govec:er.t pressures exeretd during ne~o:ia~~~s, companies are 7er,!::e~'tb· accelt the inclusion o,C a vani~g clause on ci~a:e::e pac~c~ but Eho~!d resist this in adverr!si~~~ _ ihis is s~jjec: ~s t:e:iollp?iq: (a) ~ereve: poss:'ela_:t should k attributed to a'govenae~t auihori:y~ (b) Throu~t Yus::7 collaboration a!! tobacco :rPanufacraring eompades 13 the oun:~ shor!C i~pLenr the e!ause simultaneously and idel~ffa!!y. j~ (c) ~I~·shou!d he uns:ccffic as dplbse~:t0 specific ~j r·8l 'Sooiing~!~!eaee ...' "Saak!na 0y13 cause Z as opposed to 'j:;i:~g QL'SZS ..~ (d) There shoc!d be ~~s~ecii~e Cp?e!dn of soaking related diseases. 1~2 in negot:at:~g a;ek;aniq clause, the company should t:r to lec~re a ":J!c-·if", c·3· np r'dniag clauses in adve::lsi·j, nd advertising restrictions, er;~ 1.1 Cd3lanies, ai:~oFpa a~c:d!ng :~ pack var*ibg clauses, shdul~ continue to resist decands f:; these to contain reference t: tar and/or fiic::i:e da!!veries, o:~er cdns~!tuents or 'banding', \If in doubt, advice 03 this matter should be sought from Public ~ffni:s De?ar::e3L,lrY!lbani to vhom full details pf any uaning clause or c~aqe in:E!lt should be sent, 3. ·: c teapoe Tables 21! Generally, se;bou!d discourage the introduction of product Icague tablcs;'.IE publication becomes inevitable, se should co-aleta:e: i:,;el:1Jq no zeal~:epeet ~roceidiM uhicb wcf?~ [d II, :~eernal!oM!!y ac;rp:eh standards. Zll~hed Icague tabler G· 3 invatiablp;i~oulS be compiled by an ~a~~;n$ent r~ba~ae3rP, ::* :: ~n BATCo document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 klay 1999 '· V . -r- \';·'·. I; Tne form of publicatibnei acy league table needs carefnl consideration on vherher it should be in a!·rtabecieal order, descending or Iscendi~g order of deliveries or in 'b~ads' or ' groupings~ Cd·qaeier should lear in a~nl ;~e ~aciai advantages of the various possible fona:s add'd~elop a posi:ion from which.lp nekotkte with ~rher me~bers ci.:rhe indllstry prior to the suh!s'sioa of a joint;roposal t~goPernmear, 2~2 ~rressc~:!ve of ;ae !!ite!!hlod ai Icague~ab!l publication in their host country, all coP)alles should ensure that they ar:ange,· i/ ,.fpy ovn and el-.,e:i:!en brantP to be tested on a ngular basis.. ~~, .r.·. priorities it this respect sbule bet \ ? Ovn and cD~scriti~P intenat!onal brands 2) Significant own and:coPper!~ian domestic brands TS 3) Ova and cor?etitfon !oU delivery brands. ~· ~ The tar tear resui: s~ulE, be expressed as ?I:t!alate Batter Uater and Nicotine Free (!~k~iF), which ccnioms ulth international E~a~ndards, unless there is already publlcar!w of league tables !3 the host country using a different ~erhoC~ \·i 2~3 dll companies ~ust c69!y wi:S the Boatd's:delverios directives andnsure that they have a brand in the iovest delivery sepeat Of the market and that, in the ~afn.acgmenrs of the market, they haoe b;aPds iavourably p6slt!Pntt in fees of deliPery~ 1 ~CPmp;nie~ should ensure that :hd~r and ;licotiae deliveries in ~ ,\thclr brd rtncru:l an be dsiaddti I$aioar ei:iLiaE fro~ ~i 'I ~·.:~ local authorities and from international opponents of sn~eki~ng on ·~· " the basis that consu3ec pre."erence is of;an~ault importapce:'and the videst choice elf product is aailable~ Because the.low del!Pcry segment of the rlhe: in most territories s likely to have better grovth prospects, companies es~ :egard~Jhei: share of this EegJelt a~~ being at least as significant as ~eir share of the total aa:ketad adre se in the longer term, 2.4 in Older to satisfy Be teqc!:ese~~r of 2~3 above, by 31st ~ecehbcr 1981 a!! brands in all e3ur.::ies Pus: be beiev 23 mgs~ ~, 2,5 in order ttl sae!sfythe :eF!:e:elt's·af ?,3 above, by Ist ~Dril l3e'. the ~1~ for all locally ~lciacared ~ fate~ational brands sst a?pnd~att closely to that in tfic ,·.· \'hoacdased cou3:rg~ ~·~ L .1?2t6· Filter versions of brands ms: alvaps shou lover deliveries of tar and nicotine then plain versions, r~rre poss:b~c,lIP:s :\1::: should apply also to carbon an~l!de de!i7e:y. c~ v r,: In 1.) ,1 .· · ·.· ': \i·IsJ c '·;~ L: n: BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 I: ~J- I', j Cirioo ?onoxi!l mi ~·ot:a oi Il:rol. an alr;a *!:I increasingly rega;deh· by certain au:idr!ties as heq!tt; hazards for smokers and Ilbn;aoie:s ;rd o:ie: constituents of the vapour .' phase of ssoie.s;rh as ac!:aii·~;~e, acroleia, ~dropen cyanide etc., are coming under sc~~':fln~ ~ Eoqanies detect any sign of the aut,k.Priries in their ~:rr country beco'ping concerned about constituents other than tar ata PioEl~e~ they should ia~ed!atel: advise i~ubric Affairs De:a::r·-t, Ili!!5ank and consult 4 L D 3elar::ent, t~illbat r21d:?!:.r :he need for aCdlc!ocal analyses, i· ~v 2.9~ · .Sd far there is no valid sc~e·:!fie hs~~ for combining · ~:· ~easure~en:s of different c~~=!cel compounds in the smoke of an ind!ofC~al cigarette brar~ into a single index number soaps to relresene a measure oi-~3alie~ hazard relative to other brands, of association betvea chemical co=oupd~ and diseases, Such arb~::a~ !-dici'bi`~rarC r~~ot reafva any serious sc!e::lfle SUDDOTt Hnd 3eiT.ktrodue:id: shoc!~k resisted wherever po;;i~Ie. 2,9 Because it is believed that i:lt!~e viU..be considered by some leading doctors to be less ha7iul than t~r` or possibly eal~0ll eonoxiCe end because it is believed that nicotine is the a!J attractive ingredient for many motoers;companies should ePco;;age the separation of SiCO~l~e: from tar in the minds of·"B ~~th~se io au:hority a3d ai ~i ?u'd!!e, ;L . · ~· !~~·3~" "aximum Tar and S~ee:iPe linirs 3,t 'n`here im3osi:!on of max:~s:ir at nicotine deliveries is likely this sho;ld be r2sisted, 5a: the i3nosition of such ~-!:s lecones ipev::able;. etrs:Jts should k'made to Bet levels fixed suif!cie::!: above the Zd~?3r. revel specified in 2,0 abPve~ it should be blrne in mind that once sx!ma: levels are established, they ~i!l almost inevi:aSly 4 :e~u~ed~b~ governments in subsecuenr ~earS~ 3~! i3.neqoeia;i~B dt~ guer-?::s, ~1! ~se sbollld be made of the i; sales weighted average of ~n~~:iot.~~e Parter overall, i: order : ;o provide ;e:speccive ip reacer of individual brand deliveries, ·: ~· ~ ::: ,3 1Ti n 3 ~L\ liJ -. \f·"/ ~,·:· i3 BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ?·· ' " \·7 i. :ec!lrzt!pn of Constituents 4,1 ~e sbould resist for as locp as paasibre any ~~~!:l~ae to pe [i~re~ fpr~e~e dslip,rlls pi s3oke const!c~loa .oi tar g:~cpslb~:d~dd'p~cB or in our Idver~isila, ·~t s~c~ :!ruireacn~~:are preicrable to restrictjontipn ~d~cr:isfng~ In drV case, before any C13FCSS:01 entailing I5i Pt~:r~nO of figures or g:oups/5alds on paek~es or advertising 5 oade, "u51ie bf:al:s t23a::3e~~, ~1!!513~ 5~0U1~ be COcsULte"I (SCI3~1~1Uan!ng ~·'· Ctau~e~~ I ~ :: II.. ~laar!Pn as e Icdns to reducc~~!garette cp~lu~t~~ or i~duea. s:okers to suitcn to Iw tar' brands, 6: 35.! ii soven:er,cs indicate ~eit iceeation 13 esPI~~ mn~elve :~xatian ia order to increase prices and reduce cigarette c:ssc~p~iot, rhlJ ~hautd be stroagly resisted for r~e 101rOF:2g reasons: 1] It vauld ~: ~I~e~::~oJe 7ebple 1~ lov i~cs3~, 2) There is areal danger that people, ~h~ a a result of such measures voPld only be able to Iffori to ~ f!~cr ;iiiir blbiP Id 51h Clfl ,cq~rec:al, voPld change their cigarette to the shortest PO~~h ~t: length vhici] ii: ~~~.pmaa in Ilhg ea aar · ·Ld~YI · ~~j: ~ Iro~dl~ '~ j) I likely result sould be t~9t smokers ~o~ld Pirch to cheaper hand-roiled cigarettes vi:haut filters or ac~lr ptoducts ohfch pove~~ents do not regard as Ccs!rablc~ i) Punit!re t~'h~h; Ic~b ~ an ovcra" rcducrie:~n eoollplrl; but r~is could mean reduced tove-:enr revenue and ucemloCment in the industrP due :3 contraction of :~e O ~rklt ~ Graduated taxation based on tar delivcri~s, daed at inducing strokers er sviezh to 1~ tar brands should also 5e strong!! resisted on the fotlo~i~g grouads: ~~. ~ (a) It vpU~ ~ ioequitlb!e to ~iaalise strokers i: one sector of: :: the earJtet and Poold be ~·U~tlr!oa of their Ireldol df~ choice uhe:e the el~c-~or~l~ aga!!s: smok!:a is vidclp~ tlOR. " ·~, `·~ (5) Eqcr!cPce has JboP that such ~nlrloP can rlllrt-~ loss :II of revenue, illegal introduction oi cigarettes ft~ other Darkcts and :lercr criticism of the authorities lapoJ::5 the ;? ~1 O O " CATCo document Cr Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 1 ·7- 1? :9 6, Idvcr:!sinq .I 6.1 FI should resist restrictions on ad~ Idvar:i~JI on t'l Slsic 8round eht~lbr~liq does not affect total CODjPpt~O~~ buctar, ve_lshould rccPI:!le that a totally in_transiOe3t i::irade c:uM Isd to I ban on 1~PltZili~~ 5he ~·t~, ·1~:2 ~garhlr, Ihd~d ~rrP~re hcl mdar ~alctnr ~vtv Il:cd esccc~a:as suc~ as ~:~!~ clauses uhi~ ii li~t: have ~ uic 'I· i: or",er to ~oid note eifcc~~e restrictions et ~cr:iJi:l, ii I~~oi ~.r b aiud tbr .~lrr t~ in~~~ bii~ .no: affect total aPl~t:od~ll:ot dissuade ~t~oritieJ ~dd~: restricting or bm!q cigltctte ~Glce::~i~, capdts I~:~lb \. Pc~srlellol FuDlc all,atailahla arYael If ~MI Ynd +- " oegdciiitions dtb th hso;itieJ parti:~lr!t ~OM'I ;iPtr 9; cl:ielcd 'Yrcrt~b~·lahd3c~~!ol' I 6.3 P should t~ O dbtoin t~l sP!POrt of other ind~trill i: ~tsiseance to ~er;irinp restrictions. Ve lhb83 also ~ist the help of the PeC~ 1~ 61 tht Idtts:!sfg~lfrocia ~bcJe Ic~en~a 4$d be adverse!t affeoted bit rlch,tw;:!ctiops~ 6,0 in doel~pig colt:ir, c3qrf* Ib~ .be art of Il:C::IJlq rd·pronotioP~ ttaDdards catanr in the a~ecr~ Prld, art ~hllM~ realise that certain praotice s~ grotoe lo~l~tlr~ tq ,ipll rast:!ctioas as ~:lld: af ilie:~lt~td ycJlt!J. ~b ?;~icrti~iq aid grotporional srr~tilflJ sbould t~lrlfPn be hje - \~dcr eon~Elat re~ie~ and agilenenea relehcd dt~ alpcri~rl~ where fclsiYI~ Q;3~aiet should mr-aa ~~ettiring ~lfOn~ a;o~~O!:1 po- ; Id~es to ~~c, ~IT~4:q should not be oloted_in t~rl IldL ~crl t~e m;ilority i~cnce Is *r-ldal:~ in e~e ~bl~pi tc!eririoa, ~~erdsia ~ho~Y not opper It t:=es Phm :~I I:O:!t~ mdlaPee·ia ItB1~ to be ·P-al~t, Q SoonsorshlP ' 1,1 ;'c sho~d resist le:c~tJ to restrict pc: right to ~ponr~: scor:!ng, cul:ural ~~ bt~er C~c~t~,.Sblic!ari# ef cp lueh sponsorship Ihodd be r3at~ycd to i!~ defend Ejs spots:: ::s ·' against ant oterpe 0 restrict boolor~h~p. ~lrl is no ·-, '~~~~ ~~e*r (~I ~lw;q~p L~nl dr ~al t o(lnsunFtion of cfsarateaJ,~~llllom Br~derllli~ · ' IpdPsoring ~~ivi~!c~ are ~ c:cbce cde7my p9od~ll, e~s:je 'V· brand lolslel and encPPrlye brand svitc:,ing. SpoaJ~r~MI of 'i· I~atl It I!ch the Iferirt of the ~edicnce is par~~: Ihodd : \:I be aPaidtd~ I: ; ·~, ?3~ :3 8, I~ O ··~. -~3 o BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 6!. 1. 8~ Rarlric:!eas oe ScoE!n~~n Public !lacrJ ("lubl!e S~blirf] 8,1 ~ilsr rccopnisinp the need for rlaerict:ooJ i~cl~~in r:l:!al cases, ceqlnill should nh cvey effote Lo:resist ua:~iJmbic r~s;:icrlon~ ~ey sh6uld iafheoee ~enc~ci.p~sible t? ~u:~or!::~~Jp~nJiblc for i~oslnl them bpl~i~~iol oc: e~tr e~e eviCence lverJhelmiagly dcmonstratcj,rhet 7lsJi~e S~ciilg is '· \ no: injurious to l~e health of a~-~Po~cD~ :1· * i.'. C ndl~nl Irc*IIYe nl~ic:hpq ol7~da Jhou" ~le dc~)\~' o?~~~ pal in locll EfrCUPstanoes of the Pidlt!~ resC::'llt ~;: '-.; ·`lga!~se further inrruslon an~pelso~i liberties, i\ :8~j~ ~1 Ir:!;~dl af E1DP~1U'to·S~kcrJ' IIIPC!dllPn~ feclltd/ de.'end smo~ets' rights;~~duld be one of a~c~urage~ent, l-r the B izi:!ae!ve in fbalng thm` should be seen eo cn~ fr6a i:~c?c:?cle individunIs a groups of smokers, c, EI~Q ~ P~MP~a 1~ l*el::~ aad DcP:loa~t pLfl I hl,~·a ou: alctlo: ~ tbe ar:acks on no~ing~ Pllpon~ibiliq Ip,dit area Ifa ~i:~ a L D, plIti~l~ etOllld in B 5 D nc:!ritlel, ~1 cdqlpiea shol~ndirlel~ the ~l!clltldas .% -aflinst sloking products and acsufre, a I continuing basis, nu;h LnoPledga as possible of their products and those of :h;~l c~~eti:ors and their intcne:ioa vieh cdnsu~rs. ·~~ L' eozlnf?s should cnPYn diligently 111 ~lgcltior~~db:3 thel, fro; a:,p source, ~i~~ae claiseC to enhanee the Jlicry or di~:!sb the hatads'ai s~oking, Su~ supt~~tio~ shou:~ je reier;ed to R & D '~llb~~~ O 3. ~e role bf Group lescar:h and CcveIopmed: is ~llf #;lli::d in 1~ sam : . v I ~· Li I; ~~ C:tatee:cs (I) rre should h~e Is ae~ hovltdge as possible m the e~~aliti~ of our products~ 1 · (1) in llart:uuit this leans tl~PID~II should not use 1Cii:iYI cslerialJ uhic~ :be ccnpes!elon 15 he~ eo E~ep. !~r:be~ L'CI Jhoulh tlke sllch Jtrpl u ars aoa:;;p!!lrl for 1 ~1 rsspaujlbli nanufaoeurer to ensure rlaf ~b not use Il~i:ivs reasonably JuJeafned~ The bdd~~~;f~!daoce panel r!:P!d O ~tcri~ against ~hich Plrgltions ~ol~hn lay be ~lra~s bL e3PJclecd 7r!or eb uslPg.an! ~cu dd~lvl~ ·~' BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -9- ·$·.`\:: (e) fe al: respects oe cost demonsaate a res~~ns!bie attitude to ;nduc: ~sl!f!eiriocs that can be re4;ed ~ any ~ay to the 5c6kf3 and lal:h issue, /(i Biu:~ r:ilri~el nt,:hli uill.l be rdd iy.qc!e~ in ~teir ;:Jue:s Yithout prior consultation vith Ter:i:arfal Mrectsrs veil in advanccl~. 2. Ci;ars :· (a) Fe E~o~~ tot attePPt to a;l~Oit the positionof clears Pis·zuis cigarettes as 12 the long rlo t~s vill b; seli-?eicl:!·g~ (j) Con:cles ShOE!d, Lhelefo~et ensure L~iat a~tbing dsPe k P:~:FI~ e::arS shoulC pra~Pdiee tSe pnsfrion ct ciga:lr~as~ (c~ h 5~3111~ tT7 to discourage the publication of cigar league tables. :be~e~. publication is unavoidable, w should c3-3~crat~:ii~h others in establishing conditions of eating by ~tib :L- cigar products are Mt.5~0M in an uPf~7ourable lig4 co=;ared vi;h eoc!eritars' cigar~Tto~ucts, ~e should, e~ereior2,:r~f to gee s-,o~lng conditions for cigar league tabks ~ti:~ c3nf3n to h~m~an snokiag or' cigars ratte~ than of cigarettes, E,' ~XP b increasing attack orchestrated by the ;190 is being nounted against ~i~ i:b:~l concerning the destruction of trees Ilr use i: curing ;Jbic:o. C:span!es should take all steps to encourage fanets to use a!rena~i:F sources of fuel, if available dDd bearing i:,:ip~ the ?eard's;aler cc energy conservation, Where tl!s is not i'actfcaC~ cel~ac:cs should ensure that ce-aff~tcstat!o~ 1:ograptts ~?e::akel d:he: by the compaq Itself or i:r iane:s are core :ta: replacing the anouat of trees used f3r cu:iq oa an annual hs:s~ Cspoanies ShPul? asute through their Public ~fiaits prsg:a;ne· I (i: .t~; the:aCk and !nflulntialmenibern of gope~mea~ are fully ,~, ·, !n.'orned or' progress in this area. E~rct i~9! '· ·: 3 I:. ' (~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -tO- ·· " "· `S~eP~C ~J ·· CLIISLIL ST~ULTEG~J ·· I, ~et~ldah~l ,, 1, ,I I~ ,, p,5 ,. krolc!n ~· ,I II i, ~8~612,7 p,j Idditives I, ~I I, ,, a No, 1 (5) 1,8 Iddltlves Cd~~ca ~~I! ,, ~1 II II D~ No, 1 (b) p,d -? ~~srrisiq 11 II ~I( II )1 BI ;I II II I· 11 II :: )I II II 81 NOI 1I1 P·3: II II II II )) II~ II )I II BI NO) 112 . p13 II II II 1· II · II·· (I )1 )) 81 NoI ~~1 ~p16 It II II II II ·II II II II 81 Ngl 6 -p17 ~erti~ill ~g?:~lls\ · ,,,,,,,, b No, 6,3 p·f '~crrl~i~ a:a~cnm!sp" I, ~~ i, No, 6,2 p,7 ~tttlburioo ~· ~· 8, b~ 1,1 (1) p,3 8, ,, I, II 1? i. L, 1,3 p,3 ,, II p,l I~d~ (~11) '~1~L. 2,6 p,4 II ,, II ·I 11 II t) It )1 ;) I ~II 8) ~1 411 p16 Il:r ll~d ,, (2) p,6 ~ L: h~a bad~ .. ~L~,t6 II II II It II II 11 II II ~t ~1 217 II It (I II It 11 II 11 II 81 NoI 219 PIS CiporJ ~1 ,I 1, ~~ DI No, t -p~9 Clsar·eue usas ,, ' p,l eooeessloos ~I ~I ,, t~ No, 6,1 p,l Coos~er p~ol:~enca ~~~ i, ~I ~~ 8, No, 2.3 p,4 C~s~~lon ,, 8. No, 5 p,6 "~.,,,,,,.. p,6 (I) p16 II II (I II II II II (I 11 II -II II II II II It It B) ~1 612 pij II )I II )I II II II II II 31 Not 711 plj Copstiluents ,I i, II ,, ~I·~~81h. 1,3 p,3 It II )I II II I) II~ I). )) 81 NoI 217 pll II II It II 11 II I· 81801 I p16 y Ccst/8eplfit ~~tl?~es p,2'~ Cred~blliey (!:duatry) p,l' ; C~Eut~ a~cPt~ II ,I~ II II ,~ 81 No, 7,1 '' .: 81 Colivor!eJ (;a:,'NIc) II II II II BI No, 1,3 p.3 : It II II II II II II )I 11 8( NoI 113 pll II II II Iii (I II It II II 8t ~1 216 pll " p,6 l· ·· ·I I· II II ·· 1· II II II )I II II i, ~: ~( 216 p,2 Mllogac .~.. :I VI V, 'J 3 (It· W "" i · O N BATCo doclmlat for Legal benica : Health Canada 19 May 1999 .I ·11· .E, ~pldyees i, I, ,, II Al Nol 217 p,2 j II II II It · ·;1 · II II II II Al N0I 218 p12 )I I· II II .t p.9 energy consena:ion i. r r. F~ Freedw Of E~oi:e ,· B~ No, 5.2 (a) p.6 Fuel,, I:ll II I) II II )I p,9 C, Csod~ill. (CJm:a:y) I' ·~ 5· NO~ 711 p~7~ Covernaent tcve:ue I~ i. a. No, 5,1 (1) p~6', " ..· I, ,, I, I~ II 11 3, No, 512 p,6 . ~rad~ted eaua:iop 9. Na, 5.2 ·, p:16' 'I` '1\/ 8· ~dnd-rPlled c!2a:eaas ,I ~1 9~ No, 5,1 (3) p,6 aealth hazards ~~ I~ I~ ,I II BI h. 2.7 p,5 .. I~ i. 3, No~ 2.8 p.5 II II II II (( )I II I· )1 CI NOI 2 PI8 ~drogeP eyanil?: I~ I~ ~I 81 b~ 2, f 0,5 Eygiene factors;~ ~I I, pll roder (si-,~re] ~~ p,5 Ly;O~B I, i. 1,. .a~ No, 2,5 p,l I; ·I; II II II II )I II ~ II BI No, 6.2 P~! ,Inrerpatiaoal b:aods ,,-I,` B1 Na, 215 p~b ': International c?poneau I, 3, b~ 2,3 ~ p,b·; I· .·~ t,. Leaf .~ E, · ~ ~ '·~p~9 ?ea~ue tables ,,.. 3, No, 2'~ 1 p~3 II II II 11 II 1· II 1· II Dc NOL.2 I·(CJ p19 lov delivery I:;~ucts ~I 3, No, 2,2 p~b ,,,,,. ·,,,,,, e~b~213 p,l ,,,, B. No. 2.6 p,4 It I~ II I) II II II I) 91 Nd I S p16 :·~I ·; II II .I. II 1( I· II II 8, No, 5,2 p,6 ·.J Lgal~y (b:anC) ,.,, B, No, 7,1 p,7 Y~ .Vatlrering , ~ ,, BI p13 , I Yatlm~n~ tar at n!coti:~ l~ie~s , i·, ,, B~ Nc. 3 p,5 ·,, I' vedica~ Coatronrsy ,, \' A, No, 2 II ,, :, '·Yeraeioo Cantaigns Al No, 4 ,1 ·· L~ ·,· ·· He!dPal ~9aufac:ut~rs Is~eiatioas (~AS) I. No, 2,3-,1 p,~ Nlddeipe ,, ,,,,,, BI No, 2,9' p,5 Noise (PnviroP~sral) ,,,,,, Al No, 1,1 Iloa-adutts i, ,, ,.,, 1. No, i,3 p,l II II I· 'II II II II II II )' BI NO 1 614 pl~ I 'I II II !I . II )I II It II II ;.. 81 NoI 711 017 ba-smokers;'·. ~~ 1~ ,, ·,, 8, No, 2,7 p~5 :" 8, No, 8,1 p~8 "·:~ Ui ~C~·l II II II II W ·, ' ' C ~Cj n: c, BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -12- '' I ,: ,' O, Oxides ot nit:saa II i, ·~ II No, 2,1 p.5 ,. I 1 ·· p~ II ~· I· ~1~L~ ?12 II II II :I; II 1) II II It ~~~1 31? plS P~sJire 8Eblri,l8 1, ~· ·· ·1 B:~· 8~! P·8 Persopxl liber:!es II ,, ,, ~1~1 No, 812 p~9 Plai~ (5r~da) II ~·a 1 L p,4 I, ,I II II~1~D1 ~I ~I~ Prices =,. BI ~~ 5,! p,6 ·~ II II I· II I, ,· Produc:l ~· II ~· ·I 0~ p,9 ~ (· II II II II BI ~1 8 I, ,~ Public 3co)ri"g ·~ p~8:~~ .i, `. b·o::o:astation ·I E, ~p~9 .. BbD ,, ,I i, II Al Nol 2,11.= ~p12 ,,,,,,,, II I, ,, B, ~~ 2,7 p,5 Q II II (I 11 '1).1, ,, II ), Ct p,8 ,,,, hLk~19 p 1 ,,,,,, ,,T,,,,,, ,, Al ~~ 2~10 p12 Lta!! ~adl -~,. ·, ·I a m~ z,l p,2 p~l S, Sales ~a:ght~ nlrlga ,, II - '8. No, 8,3 plB bkcrJ' ~soci~tiPn~ I, I· I~ SIckerJ' ~gh:5 ~· · ,,.- I· 8· ~· 8,3 p,B Social arcncls ad reJpo3silil:tj_ 11 & ~1 1 pit Social G39tJ ,· I~ I~· I· ~· I, ~1 3 ~~ppon~P~l~p i, I· ~-· ·· 1· ~~ 7 p!7 , Spot:~ ~c~tl ,. 1, ,, 11 B1 No, 7,1 1 pl~ Semce (induJ::p) I, II ~I A,No, 2,1 T, Tar ~~ II I, II I, 8, b..3,9 · p,l Taxaricc ~~ ·~ ~· ~· II p16 Tctat!r!:1 ~· ~· ·~ ~· B· b. 6,4 p~7 Tobacco ~n~~ .'~. II II I, ~~ 2,f p,? 1· II II II I) II II ·I I, p,9 O ..,, I, b~ 2,8 p~2 Tdb~FciJubsricu:e~ I~ D, No,l (d) p,9 Toxic h:lrdJ I, II ,I h, b~ 1,1 p,t Trade (n~) ,, a, No, 2,8 p12 "Trldl·o~is" ,, i, I, ~· B, ~· 1,2 p,3 ~, TreaJ ~I ~· ·~~·~~ p.9 v\ OosDla~cnt ~~ II No, 511 ' -· t, VPpo~ 1~5111 i, I· ·~ ·~ B1 No, 2~1· p,5 W, I, ·~ ,1, b· 1 p,3 ,, I~ ,I ,1 II ~:al No, 611 p,l " e, p,9 II II II II kholesale e'rade ·"\n w~ it p,Z CTI II\ ~ nI rvl (3 C BATCo doeumsnt for Legal Senicss : Haalth Canada fg lay 191 BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 SMg~C DSUES P.9RT TiI POSITION P~e.~iS hrch 15~81 L"I iu BATCD document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 CLH~ nm POS'lTTON P~~BS i, bdvc:~isinn/SPon~orshi~ ~· ·~ I· ·~ ~· ·· 7~1 1~ AdvcrcislPg Rest:icefPcJ . 1 II II II II II It IIl 1 Ldus~ry ~~cndit~re on nY~CI1131~~ .... i.. Spontotshil ,I I~ I~ II 1~1 t. CanJEieur~~s 1~ I~ II ~1 1.3 ~ieot!~e II II i, ~1 1,3 SI Tlr .~ ~, .~ .. ~. ,~ ~. 1.3 c~ C~r~on ~nox:de ,,,, i, ,,,, 1.1 d~ Orides of N~troge~ 7~1 cI Hieroladnss 1, II tl · II II II 1) p16 f, Polltcgclic ~droc~rboa~ ~I T.~ g~ hdio~ctivltp I~ I, 1~ I, ht Peseicldes ~I ,,,,,,,,,, 7,S ·,5 aenefits Pi Sm~k!~r .,,,,,,,,,, I, leapue Tables ~~ ..,,,,,, p,, 1~ Ioter)Fltlc:oo ~. ~. .. .~ ,, ~, p,f S~ babfnaeioa of Daea ,I I~ ,,,, 7,7 c, Disclosure of ~ll~arfcl ,,,, p,t 2, Md!E:ion 1~ ,,,,,,,, p,B 5· ~~!JULP~ II ·I II II II II I, ,I P,~ I~ ,,,, p.B 5#i~ In~ccelrlbi~ey e! S~lisl ,, I~J B. ?~nrlve SPci!~l ~I .. 7~9 1L BATCo doeunsnt for Ilal Senless : HsJth Cslsda 19 Yay 1999 9, Social Casts of S~oki:g ,,,,,, ,1 :I. ?:aCuc: ~. lI II It II II I· ). II II It I~·· a, ~i!e~rg 11 ·· II I) II II II II )I (I !lil j. 3SE3RS;:;3ted: ·'1 3JaCCO ·~ ·~ I~ I~ c, ~;o~-:3iac:3 Sc:sle·mes I~ ~I '* d~ ~:-a:cd Ciga;s:tes I, I~ ~· ~· I~ ·~ a. ~c-ellJtion a. .I II I, ,I ,1 ?112 f~ Cigars ,, 1.12 5~v Tar 3npds ~· 7·!3 h, ~!!:!vcs I~ II 1. 1· 7~!3 ;1, Ze~ea;~~ ~~ 'G (I II )I II II II II II II 11. ~e 3ole af Group Research ,. ,I II bl ke or' bplnals in Research II ~1 .. ~, a. i?, ';cg!Jiar!opiiaxation ~I I~ II II i~r5 a~ ~s~is:l:!oa ·~ 1~ 1l15 bl Qadua::d Taxacios based on Tar I)e!ive:ies .I ,~ ,~ 7,16 "~-~~'7e Tixa~ion or' Cigarettes :P h~~ce ·C· ..Y.- Ci3areZ:e Consunp eioa ,I ~· 3.16 d~ u~es ~I t~'~.Ji=~~,a: and Picot!ne ''·' e~ Ta~fj3 Clauses i. ~· II i, ,I 1, 11 1116 S b S Coatavcrsep 1. 1t17 a· Statistical bsPefariPaJ I~ I~ I~ 1. (I 11 1~17 51 .L'pelu about Causat!w I. II 1, .~ 7·17 c~ 1~7 Caaccr 19 1:1 II II I· 11 II II )I (I II II :3 d, !::nc~ris and IqbyscPa (Ch:o~e Obs:~3edn lung IJ~ ~selszs) '9 13 u 1 I· I· 1· II I· II II II I· ~i3 ··' ·-······' · I ?isels as ' :P rV e. ~I.*~;-~JJL·I·L· )I )1 II II L· II \3 U', BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 tl, ~I II I, ~· ~I 11 7~13 1S, 5:0~( a:l ?:!T:ang I~ II II II II II p120 II~ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,?0 '*'" :C!CV!g!02 In~ Sidio dPDePraaccJ ~~ 1. .. 18, IPlunrlr7 ~g:l~zl~ts ,,,. ~. ....,,,, p~21 19, ~ode:rt!c: C~li~ .. .~ ~. ~. ,~ ,~ 7~21 ,,,,,, p~21 20, iP:ld ~·~:'i ~:r!?!s~:!cp .. II ~I ,, 21~ O~cra~!o:s f~:c~c~i31Co~tries ,I ~, ,,,, p~22 22, dCvcrti~il~ Y!:iods u~ed ip ~tal6pioa CauntticJ .. p.ZZ 23, *arl~ieot!~c: ~ouble Stlndarda in D~vclPacd md ~IVC!73!:t C:~::!eJ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, p~23 24, :3jlC:3 S:51::f::~i~f~jn~ :hC P:OduCtib~ bf i~bd C:~J i? 3cre!33::P '"""'~~ 112~ ·I ·r II ~I ,~ I~ 25, ,se oi ~eoC is: I:ue-c~r!31 ,,,,,,,,,, p,t5 15 ::Ct:.., I:ce? ,,,,,, p,. ii; -· O N 1J \3 BATCa documlnt ~r Legal Senle~ : Hlsrh Clnads 19 Y~ ~999 i, ~d7ardsfnalS tons srshil [d) ddVCrtlsitZ B~strrl~:~lns We believe ~tar ed=sn!es shPcl adcllt a resoonsi5le areitlJde ~ ;'e ea;:ac 01 t~e~ alv;rr!sing'acd 33 c~s effect ve ac:ileiy encourage the adopefor, of advert!s::~ codes o:: e:ac:!cet ~ee!sfoas ~:his area are taker. b7 mutual consent 0f -.obers of ~~e industry and 30t in:P;ed i: response to de i;:;:ioaar dezann;s of the aPre violent op~open;s of nok::3~ In a c3a!ac!:ive e~:irope~ent our advertising bas a~7ars been aimed at ~resePin SraPd preference uhi!e at the sa;e e~e endeav~u:ilg rJ Fe:J~sde s~p~rs oI eos~eti:ive brz;ds ep svitch f:n Cose brands to :~e one vhic~ Lr are advertising ~ I; is not designed to encourage Roke:s:3 ssoE(e more o::o a::ea! :0 oon'Bd'Jlts, a most i:sormr :3:; of our advertising Is to inform tie smolrer of Itdcc~ a:dl!aji!it:, :od!fications and fon3va~iocs~ Ihe 5ortaoco of this isfor~t!ve role in atertisiag qs rec~~ise~ f~ a paper pphlished ic hfe~nber !Jii, vhic: emanated from the DeTar~cat oi ZealtB and Social Sccuxit! in the (Iu::ed Kingdom, This paper stressed 8e value 31 advertising in draxing consumers' attention to lover tar cigarettes. Equally, the sving from plain to filter d3aetres, t~i~lch medical au:~orities consider desirable, is very siJciiieant!y assisted by advertising, ior aanole in Italy, cihere all advertising uas bae~i 13 !96!,:i~ f~:.: Share of Ihe ~ar~er vas orll II; in 19;0, In C-ernanv. vhe:e :hlre vas 30 advertfsi:3 bor., ~h ill::: she: oi~r~e:r~er rose 1;3: 5S: i; !e60 ;o as regards :h al!ega3i0a t~dt advertising increases cigarette c:nsunpti:n, Lhere is so valid evidence to support this, Indeed a ce~:ehe~si7e ~:cty - the ~e:rs Retort - pub!!s~a ~:4 i'~Z, in 1980 not only entirely supports this but its i;ndi:j; o~e ec~~esed by Sr::;ia's i)eTa:=cl; 33' Beal:~ and ~ocit: Sec~:i:r~ Ncr does advertising induce Poj·nahrs to become s,:icersl T~e foU~?~~ sta~r:1: by I, ~aenbet~ included bp::e D,SI Cepatnect of Ld:i, Education and Welfare in its pub!ica~ioo (J~ne 1s72) entitled "aan on advertising - ~e Thenl", (SooXing and Seal~h~ Bealth C6ascect:ccs education, Ce4satict k;~vl::!s and Cdve:nre~eal tlctjdn] is pat:~c~a:ly ?er:i:cnt: BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 .1. '~cre is no tv!!!::e to Ippor: the vicv ~lt 1 hn on advcr:f;:ni ~oui~ tl?e 1 losi::re effect on s;ci:og h~~l~J ~ ~o e::i:::a! tcslar:h has been able to s~ov that 13a:!la:e 5:r~ ~l:Ert!sf~g leads to greater total IobfcC1 COn56C5t:::~ Sc: hJ an)rrhinp been focn: to JuaaeJt t~d: ~~YLT:iS~q It~lCS Pon~~ker~ !oung paople :3 I~::ic::~:, ~:3 beo3ning ralcrl. rr t~~r:fc;l, r~l: ~~cre can be no cvide-:e sia!:1 c?t: a ~::a ii:ltiri~g liould relalt e :edueet c3jacc3 ~::s~:ion and fever new spo2e:sl :e L L~r:IP: i~bt 1CrC::i~iJp tdil Ibblld CDPt!:CC to be aaik5h:~ the rs~ac:: f~d~stly, 0nly thus can !ntcnat!on L titl~ ;::~e Inck:ng public oPce~l:l $~ Ivlilabil!:~ of 1;3dc;:i Dr ~~ product lnfonation. (5) Indusr~ Zx:enC1:-re ct ~C7e::isf:~ Opponelcs of s~oii~~ h:e often c:!:iciJcd industry cr?cndit~r! on advct:iJ~:g e:!trld vith indnstry tqcndieate on s:3Zi~Z t~ ~eslt~ :cJesreS. C6~a:is6P ot che ~o ei~~;~~ is :el::r ~:rlev~at. MvertiJtsg c~eadit~re is :cl~ted to eCe c3P!c~idve situation !o the ·r~c~ in r! free el:t:;rfle aal:j~ Smoking end aaal:~ resarch protects vhi~ are C3DSidl;ld ~ our ~EIB1:i~C~ to be of real ll!p~ in f~::~l:i:g our ·~crlt~nd~g of de ~ltle~ intc!tcd have Sc?~ li:1Pced by I on q oc:ll~o·~ (e) S~orlh!! T~ara is no cvi!enc? ~i;:~le: ~d: Ipoosorshipa ~c:~jse the total eons~~t:o: of ci;a:~~:1J~ Onr reasons for ~oder:a~!sp sades~:s~i: ac:i~i:g 1:e to create cool,7 poCi!L ~t~orle b:a~ io)ai~ ~ c~our~le br~d Jvitchinp~ ~rou3~ sl~~ssrs~lls ~nep is ~de ava!!llle to: spot:ing IcC c~!~~:ai ;':r5u!ta uhic~ briPg Pleasure :3 MPI ~c~plc~ ~i:ioce I;ocs::~~:~ ~y bdics engaged in Juch tf:fvl:!es vculd tot 5; ~~1~ :3 c3n:!nue~ BATCo document for Legsl Services : Health Clwda 11 Yly 191 -3- 2. Constituents (a) Nicst!:e Nicotine is a ;ajo: active al~snr i:smd~!sg~ Because of its effects, S1Piir can s;i~aee and provide relief from stress as Well, as ~i:ilg great pleasure to ·acy people. The nicotine in tojaccs sPoics is readily aSs6t5fd by the smoker and enters :he blood s;rea3, It is e!i;inat;d froP the body fairly ra:id!y and there is, therefore, very little e~cl!a:!ve efieet ~:4g p:l~ds si col~ng~ 3p c~e ~:pe the cigarette is finished, =c~ of ~~e nicot!te absorbed when the snake: began Is al:~ad~ dest:lyed~ ICcre is ~ch ,vid~r.~e ~1 tu~par::lr ~!e ck~r P!clriPe h h (uaa~~t:el absorbed by 5J3k!l3 Or ache: ions of tobacco use does not present a hearth 7:3jla, (b) Tar ~s applied to tobacco smokp,'tar" is a dsno:er~ it is meant to describe ~5e part of snoke Fhic~ cam be seen and which is retained on a filter and, core properly, is described as 'par::c?race ~::er*, since it is com;losed from the millions of tiny liquid droplets ~hic~ ion the visible smoke (the other parr is ~pg~ as the *gaseou phase" pr vapour phase')~ 'Ilcre are a number of Ways s2cre5y 'tar' may 4 defined and measured scientifically, ~lj~ Total ~ar:ie~rdtl btt~: - T.?~Y~ 3rp ~ar~:c3!at! ht~rr · 3~!~~~ Pardalata !!atter, Water and ~icot~3e fn: We bye adoo:ed. ?I~~~lalr"l as the standard in 31a~I~ These 3easure;en:s n~ be ai: pc dr smoke collected when cigarettes or cigars are sc:;ied on a 3Fj!3e =~e: carefully standardised cond:tiocs in c:le: to give re?:sduci5le resul~s~ Some g6ver,oelrs, sc7porced'lp nedital authorities, advocate the reduction or tar deliveries iron cigarettes on the presuq~ipa t~dt tar is the ~a~iul component of spoke~ bs a result, consumers he sought lover Car f~ga:eetes~ The Group us responded to gove::nent recuescs In this area and Cc the changing ~ards of cs:sze:s by offering a side range of products '.'ith vary::~ !ave!s of tar, BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -4· (c) t:j03~anoxide Ca:jos Ilonoride is a ~i;or e~pone~t of 1Le gaseous ;~ase of taSac:a noka (see 2. (b): ";ar"), is si~?le unchanged air drawn in through 'k~e paper. 'ni,e:he: they are sadken or 30n'S'LOkBTS, Ill:ePpL itave snail anounrs of carbon sdnoxide in their bioci arising ir31 rte aarrl bodily degradation processes, L:agfi:i::,:sst people absorb snail a~ouaes of carbon n~oa3x!~e f:o=:~e a~ospiere [r;ar'fic ~~as, 's~g', etc~)~ ~3f SSi!:E, this is ac~3e3ted to a s~31 extent by sJdkiag but ~it increased levels which result bye not been de~ons::r:ef to Se hardd as no;ed by Lord t:untar (of the tT~I~ his letter of Sfh Dece~ber 1979 to the Sec:eta:!es of State for Social Ser~iccs of P~rti~ern Ireland, Sclt:ard e~ wales: "~slthou~h the e?idepiologica! evidence ~cpes:s t~at cJbace3 smoice is associated ?ith 8 :~be: of :~es of ard!ovascu~r disease, we iL~ve foe:: cie evita?cb to indicate char carbon nPaoxide Is to be less than coovi:e:~g"~ (d) Oxides of Nitrogen Cigarette smoke contains very low anounts of one of the oxides of nitrogen - dlr!E oxide · vhic", varies frrn a few ~crograe per cigarette for Virginia cigarettes to a ~!l!gram or so for French-type brack cigarettes, bland and Ught a~r-ccreC efgaret:es l!a in between t;:ese t';o el;re~es. 3ecacse another of the oxides of:i:roger, ait:39!: dioxide, which is foned by the slow aerial Ixida:i3p or' citric oxide, is alleged to be i=p!!cate~'3 t~t cluect!;-, ix:reen a:;osi~irer:e pollution ('sm~g') at e~phyrl~a, some au:ho:ities bave called fbr:he p~U:eati:~ of de!:~o:ils of oxides of Picr3genl rhe:e Is nore!iabl! evidence to suggest that a smoicer suffers any ~n f::: F~hali?S d;uce a~oPc:s of nlt3e oxide, the coava:s!oa;f which to nitrogen dioxide proceeds far to slovlv for this tobe of significance during a~M1 b:eat~!~g pat:!cl, (e) ~!r:asaPiPes In recent years, health authorities have ~c3~a co3cened about a group of f3mpdu3dS,, hovn as 'ai::ssa:iPes' Secluse they bye been Shd'JO e~~eriunta!l7 to be ~o~e:r producers of cancer, Clese ~areriah Lye teel Io·:C !~;a:ei ~ea~ products (bacln, ban, frankfurter;), fist rzl, irh:~kl and beer ad they ace present in Pinu:e aPout:5 in cigarette sEske~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -5- It cannot 5e said chat the levels of there substances ingested by the Population from all environmental sp-:::ts it is 43:rane to note that cellulose acetate filters rcfovc:i::ssa:i-,es from smoke prefe:eat!aUy to ma:? other smoke ;~SoPef.;3~ (i) ppltc?c!i; B?d:scsr~ons PPlpcpc!i: hgd:oc~tLPs toe aromatic polycgdie hyd;Sc~:j0~S) are a group of related chemical substat:ts found in coal tar, pitch and high-boiling fractions of oils. I representative 6f this group is hoM as 3:4-beal?:T:lle ("je3:7y:·le"). ;hep ~ve been si~ocn In animal tests to ~e cdr;t*-o~l:s (sujstances causing cancer) and are be!f··:~~ to be :as?esible for certain hum tuours (caocer ar':~· sCr3tl= i? machinists and metal Lu,-~e:s,'~le spinners cancer' in cotton operatives, cre~)~ T~ese ·a:~rials are also formed 5v combustion processes, c,g. in nal- or ~POd-S~Ok2, and Ehey are sometimes used as measures of acos3hr!e pollution, Cigarette smoke contains minute amounts of these materials (of t4 order of a microgram or exl in the smoke of :?O cigarettes) but it is the general concensus of Ppin!:::hat the amounts inhaled by a smoker of cigarettes are too small to 5e 31 importance as a causative apP~~ h reduction in the tar de!iverp of a cigarette vlll result in a:t:-:aea reCuction k t;,e minute amounts of pcl~:t~ic hylscl:is% in the ~ai~s~:en JEoire~ (g) Radioactivity Cigarette s:oia - liite il~ and certain other ieods:.tis - fojejir le3 ~rU traces of radioactive elements, nature a:", lever of vhicfi is dependent upon the sour:! of the :ftactls used in the blenC~ i~ncse md~erials are Itll!p taker up ::3P:~e soil, although sole is appatentlp d::e to atmospheric cDntanina:foP of groving plaPts~ Only a very sail dna:i:f ct' medical opinion, oceasl::ally vociferous, Is concerned about this particular poin;~ I: is, gsnaallg, considered that the individual dosage of rad!oac:ivih received in this oay by a smoker is ve:2 vit~:: ~~e safety factor pe~it:ed for background e~f:sure of EZe population. (h) Pesti:!hJ There is so evidence t3at the levels of pesticide ruilues ot,;te tsjac:1 leaf ve use are infur',ous to health. ~ sole eeu:::ie4:tea:s s;Jr"eDr! e3ctlJ1 over peslicldcl b:~ ari~:eva.!s 3i residues are sec but, quite apart ir:= :c: ~r~~? its 3 strict ?o!l~? pi ~clfng ;obac;: c:ct!.i-i-; 0t:':i~!~l levels of sest!cldes. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -6· jeleiies of S:lki:l ie Selieve',:.;: e~ere are positive Se~e~its f:olp snoking, scc~ as relief ftoa Stress, an increased abili:p to concentrate and Ileasll:e~ d ~:·ai deal pf disease is eie ;esulr of tens:oP. it is indeed arguable that vere smokers unable to relieve some reasioas rh~3FjS s,bkiag, pressures;ou!d take their toll otter vays. b regards relief from Stress, Ct. r~P9 Selye, M:~ceor of :le lcstfeu:e of ExperLea;al Iledicine and Su:aery at the Cdre:si:j· of !!ontreal, has alt;ays apressed positive viar·s~ In !973 a bjo~ c:i:!cd "Smoking Schv!bt;r: Hotivcs and incentives" ~L3 published follovi~ a conference attended by ?6 scientists i: de srevlo~P Vear~ L:~e introduction to this b~oi~, I~, Selle sa~: "eer~ai:14 C01~38 is One Of the diversional activities uhich,:1 ~a~l people, has proved to be nuch note useful than ce-,!lete rest after cu~osu:e to bl~CSS~~ t~are rece~cly, in r9i9, R, Ii. S. Cain of the Cepart;nent of 51I:aBlogp and ~3~hl!e Eealeh of ':ale l'u!versity, D,S,A stated at the Cold S?r'.ng aa:bor Conference os "d Safe Cigarette?" th:, in connection vi:h the flavour in cigarette soke,'jir) serves as a sip of elief:s scPP~lrfolle, such as a sense of :elaxatioo, reduced anxiety, pouec to concentrate, self-confidence, social facilitation, or any of the many other positive features ~ar wokars attribute to ~~kiag, Without the benefits of sud features, most rYdi(:SS MULd never establish the habit is the first place'. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ·I- 1, league Tables (a) Inter~:etr:i?a It the outset, i: rust be e~hasised that peeasree:i:ts of ssoke iel!:er!es, Fblc~ are often presented in the i33 of league tables, are cade on sloke produced by ~rmoitl~j ci~are:;es :ecSanica!!y under a set of ?e!lde~inet acd!:ipns~ These app;ddsta to those ~sed,on as:;j·e, by silokers :3 aoke their c!ga~e~:es~ In En~rh, they are ~~acdz:~!se~ so as to per~i the comparison of FC:: note ~rodue;s laboratory, T5e factors ~ic~ govern the ray a s;ca;cr: spokes a ~:a:eete are the result of a subtle interaction of the s3aic!:'s oers6tali;Y, his DbOd at the t::e and tje;lroperti~j of e~e breduc: bcl·a sajr,d. Thus, the same s~pitcr may Ir:h :he sane product in different oaP~s at different eises,:~errjy receiving different ~sbuars bi 5lolre ccp~~ae:~5, e~j~ nicotine, I: us so3et!nes been hypot'xes!sed that j:1Zs:s are merp!p see~!~g to maintain the nicotine in their blood at soce sut·clnsciousrp sec level, but this seens to be too s:~pl!s;!e a cxllanat!oa~ Not all sc~kers, bya ::3g ray, appear to be potivated by a purely phaT~cologic n~ard. It vou!? regui:e a long and detailed study of an ind!;.iu~ in order to establish his motivations for ssoking~ League tables and delivery data on products np, tt!:efore, be 3is!2atll3 to the c3asu3er who vil! be unavare of the ~ub-o;sf!o~s rays in ohfc~ he nnipulaees his oe s:3j(!ng behaviour, (b) Coebi2at!or,;i Oata l~t~5·e: of league tables of brand deliveries Ilst::ier elas:!:~e::s in addition to tar and niat!ne, e~g, t?:jdn :on~li~e, citric oxide, el;~ Ije tecog:ise that these 9P be coajusi~g to consumers. h same countries, at:ep?:j have been ade 1? certain coasuset o~~aaisa;iaas to go i-::~cr and to coeji:e these deliver? data into a single i:ie~~ it ;ust be strongly aphasised that there is no scie::liic basis for dc4g this a it faplies that the cantrfi,:'cn sde by c1e various coDponents of sPoite to the d~lei!d dsk to Imo~ers cso be assessed, This patently is pot se and, regrettably, therk vould seen to be no valid methdC of s!~pl:ifca:iaP. (c) Disclosure of Deliveries In so=e coer~les Cofisumet Xssociat!oes have ehense::es ;ub~isied :~e results of del!verg tests based on u~:glia~le i:; Tr~OC3!0~1~ This has often led to the publication pi o:i:cia! le~y: eables beeluse gover~elr; b~e co~;i~ere~ L1 pific!a! ac:ic3, preferable to f:~e·lance action by t..e i; C:ns~e: Iss:c!atioas ~ ~e ~cli~ 1g:3? that official league ta'ores are Trei~:a~:; ~ Scrfuse :~?': 3:e subject to Eo:;::::?rl :i:ICdOlCg? i~l BATCo document far Legal Services : Health Canada 19 lay 1999 _ ·3· 5. ddd!etia3 Foe the great s3j3:!;:1 of smokers, coking is 'haji:ui~!ve'~ Hovaver, i: 3S; k adli:eed that heavy and 'fSai:·smokers' have dr~ons:ralc~ atti::iPn symptdms~ In e~is respect ve are totally opposed to r::k!ng in excess and Co nor encourage it in any vay~ 'n'e i!ieve:.-,at moderation 13 coking, as in other pleasures, is in de Sesr i;~~rcs~ ct' the Ipoker~ 6, ~ar! 'ca-,a If, despite the extensive opposition throughout the vor!d, these prodll::5 ?e:~ ever to ~p legllised i;a large n~pher of couct:ies,:te :3jZEC3 industry, including of Course our 09 ComTe~v. F;,:1 ti~er, have to reviev its approach to the pr:Sla: in the ~ah;:i ~e :aCicsllp ehapged sltpacioo and its i3ev!table re~er:~ssi::j on social be:?aviour in chose cPunt3esl Get~~r ve voulC e~~!~e in this business it is impossible, a: this junc:1:!,:: say~ I;e;ould then consider these cev ci:c~s~a~:!5~ f, Social Ccac:·?ra$f!itf of Sclokinq Some of the opponents of smoking advocate that Pon-s~ok!:g should be regar~e·l as ~o~dl social behaviour, tE this vere to he acce)red,:tt i~llcariPa Is that, ~or enPPle, the 40: or' the ~dul; Te!u:a:!on o~o s=Pice in countries such as the D.~, and Ca~Ea are ~t~vi:g aicana!!y~ ~F,is, in our eiev, Is ridfcll3us, In de~oc:a:le countries it is uciversal!p ~i:e;ted tha::i~e d5`t: of ~:o:i::es should Se preserrd and c~is eus; elualll ap.· to smokers, ~ho form a very significant d·ar!ty in The 1~C:Clli~i: it:Pfi!l?~e! Of Xoven~ents ir,~eopte~s private lives has ~::!alr caused resentaer,::: a nwber of countries and ur.reassaat:~ restriction of s~3king:~ public places represents one more es:jion of individual freedoa, Smoking is am adult choice Fh~ch gives pleasure to el~!io~s of people smit the stresses and strains of modern life, be right ansve: a r.a social re!atioPship Sec~Jeen smokers and non-smokers is the eler:ise of st3al tolerance a~ courtcst, rather than the ostracism ii one section of the cdmudtp, BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -9- 8~ passive Smoki:s me attack on sJs!7e rs:cilg :Ls been largely based on e~4e contention e4~ tobacco XOi(e in the aanosobere causes disease 13 noa-s,Pke:s~ Sc!er:iiic and medical studies 13 recent years hve provided ~e!gl:~ evidence against this contention. For erample: the !979 G.S~ Surgeon Cccerar's ~epc: stated: "3edthp soa-s-~:~5:5 eJposd to cigarette s~i have Iftt!e or no ~i~7Ei0!0j!:!! response to the S9o4e, and Fha: response does occur may Se due to ;sycholog!ed~ fac:Drs~ In r9;9 the Clfna~ of the American Heart Association Task Force on the Envirs=ene and Cardiovascular Disease stated: "Srdies indicate that non-smokers have 3eg!!:i51a revels of cn~ox·lte-Pg!ch~ under gild conditions or' ventilation, and r;ith no ventilation ~dve acceptably 1ov l?vels~ 'Ihese opinions are s~:~o::d by ~:e findings of ~i~~s and Firth of the tiarvart School si public Sealth, Be!: sti~, ~hi:t~ Ms financed by rte kssac~use::s L:g Society, measured tobacco sP~ir~ in various public places such as restaurants, cocktail lounges, bus and a!: terninals. CPaeating on this study, Dr, Eber of the Earvard uedica: School stated: ";Jnder tie most severe concentrations of apbsure in their study, the noP-~o~cee~ could consume ao amount of tobacco so small that the Isk of development 61 a3f adverse health effect ~~d be :Pa-esis~e::, on the basis Of any available data in t~e literature tOd!P,~ A further contention 57 the Opj3;ents Of smoking is t~a: there exists a s~a!: a;oup oi ex~rsel~ sensitive or o~Senise ill persons ciiD are d~!erj·i: to at~os:t~er~e tobacco scloke~ e~oever, the F'Jest:on of vheele: tobacco is a h~an respiratory tract allergen is not reso;cet, h :~ij connection, Dr, ~e:ald Gleich of the ~go C:isic :!::::~i to ;~e American hcadenp or' ~!er3p in 1976 that h Ed t~s colleagues ~C ia!led to find any evidence of tobacco r;;ce a!!~:;:ss in i4i: tests of thirty subjects v~o reputedly experienced allergic :~e symptoms on apstrp to tobacco or tobacco coke. Nevertheless, Mgh c3aea::ae!o:s of tobacco spoire can be an annoyance to 9oEe pclp!e~ I~ solution to this lies in proper ventilation Ed in encouraging cigarette s~okcrs to shov consideration for PbE"E0ker9 uhE such conditions occur. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ·:0- In connection vttd the paper linking passive ssoking vi:t ir!-i~ealts publ~sEed in i9e0 in the Lv England Journal or ~td!e4e by khfee and l;oe4, cor~anies should be aoare oi de fact that scientists have already fast considerable doujc on t~e significance of the findings and pi the PerhodolPgy of :~e research. .ir,edi:stial col~s in t~e sane journal hs ~~ead vaned against too ~eadr an acceltance of the paper's ii~i:gs~ It is our belief t~a: r~i~l prcicula: paper dll event~a!:? be discredited a:d that t~ situation uill reMic that there is no authencicated proof that passive woking t~ns the ~oF-s=sE;er, Bdve7er, at the very tad of !980 it r;as learned that bsc:ce Carlinkel the Vice President of the hnericaP Cancer Society has scaled In a paper chat he had just sub~lerd to the four-at of the National Cancer Ins:lhte, UISld,, that IbL1DVl1P an Cdl~Sil of Portalitp statistics bared on the fabiaed 9a~3Rd ad Veterans srFd~es (IJi;h a saople sire over one aillion) cc cozapating the rates for noa-noeng ?!ves of nao-sokers d:~ those for Pon-ws~ng vl?eJ or' soote:s, ~ DI~I~ENC~ U D3TI1IC ~j~' This mea~s rh~ there is 10 subscanrladoo oi the ~~cgar!bas na~e by a a~ber pi dce:ors recently, particularly Dr, Franc:ne.Yauffsaa of France a:~ Dr. ~iraVama of Japan, suggesting ~ar smokers t~vi:t!lg:~ danage the health or' their spouses by passive a~o~~g, Ta sue up; in our virv it is only in very special iPa:a~e?s that gcvennen~ should regulate aolriq in public or other places; vldes~rpad application of such regulations vould, in our opinion, be u3vattantd lneerferece? into the realos or' personal 'Jeha~iour~ 9, Social Casts of S:OrlP Cne basis for a~~ac4 on l::e iDdllst:7 has been the so-called social case of s~-~k!ng~ Ilfs phraJ; should really be used strictly in econoPic tees but ~s been used in aoeidoa! ;ew i~ly:n~ 'good ar~ bad' values. It has been stated that absence from r;d~k due to illnesses statistically associated v~:~ noking constitutes a social cost, T~J Mu!d only be era i: each individual's vc:~sg capacity Is 'pued' by society, i~el al;ose a slave concept. 9y this token holidays are also a social cost~ If there me social costs there oust also be in the Eclaede sense social benefits f;n aoiri~g~ These fall into tvo eaeegcries~ Those associated ui:h pleasure and the price, therefore, that a: individual is prepared to Tay for suca pleasure and the e~ploF~c3E which the industry provides :l~etler virh its multiplier effect to the econeny~ These social benefits are very rarefy, if ever, meatipaed by the detractors of the induserg~ The topic is ap ettraeiy coaplu one and reference should be Yde to the seec!al pape:J bcFy r:;~nd l~d tl:eliatd ~ C: MCLW on d; sub;ece, OC/J BAtCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 __ I - 11· 10. 3:oduct (a) Filters Irthdugh there ~re f~l:rt-:!!p~d cl3arettes before ehs 193eiZ ~c, elcle ~il!I ~crtld a ~701th71cCcl~~ about 1960 on~ard~, cigarette filters ~ve becooe s~~ end lore wnlicat~d and Jpecial~cd~ ;;ays of ~roduel~l hfgh aliicilney filters end filters vh!:~ pteferef.tial!y ~~duca rdl Or cost 811 phase CS~ODC111 have been discovered Is t~e cpqlcl ~Lds:r~ of tobacco lai~ has been ·:aoc!!cd~ n;ese devc!opPe:s elbtace dual filters, carbon filters of ~lid~ VpeJI Bl;crJ d:h s?aeil! IdditilM ~d ~letf!~ ventilated c!garetrcJ1 it shoP!d be pol::ea out that the t3blcco BClrrrp, ebPon plti i~dPdrrf generally, is e:Patant!! ·d!ftltl its products $ rte Ilghe of improved technology as veil as in response to rla changing dc~~dt of c3nfumers, so;e of uhb~ appear to be looking for brands ~:~ reduced deliveries of snal(e constituents, but vith acceptable taste. (5) bcoostirutcd Tobacco Processes for reconstituting tobacco vere orig!~ll! developed for the cigar industry To: purely economic reasons I In the dllret:a inCustrr it vas recogniled t~lt, because ~th·~alfi~ tobacco i~ af Lrag!le ~~ lill!e e~ breakage, it ~duld only be possible to nllisl a ~gha: utillfat:on of good quality leaf ~C:~1IU b!:Ca~ 01 reconstitution ~r3Fassss. Ve use reconstituted toblcfo:sr t~is pu~ofe in a nu=je: of brands sold by the Croug but, at present, ttt Iropdr~io: ·ed is ~11. (c) Non-lo5acco Su:?Ic~cnt~ L 1 pr~g;a~sl:a CP~~cy in :ta forefront oi tobacco ~echaologp, Ed: has, naturally, ~a;: abreast of 111 develop;ents in the field of con-tobacco sup~lclcatl. Lr policy is that oe ~ill only Iriet cigarettes containing such oaterials, if:- (iJ ~ are satisfied that :~el hr~ no disadvantages on bcllth Itou~dJ, (i!) Theg h~e submitted to t5e tests neo3codcd by L:y coli::eel that rt be set up 51 lo~l~ePt~ to advise O the ~a of ~n-rsblc:o uaterials. (iii) ~era Is a sufficient dcod from our consumers to !ustify :~e!r inclusion on c:~crcil! ~3U:CS~ BATCo docunont for Ilal Senicos : Hlllh Canada 10 May 1000 -1?- Some, but 333 all, non·t3baceo supplements have beer. s~3:-, to be less biologically active than some types 3f tobae: In tests involving an:la!s~ in recent years, cigarette design has advanced so materially that today it is losoiSle:s produce a3.al!·:obac:o cigarette with ch:ac:ar:srics comparable with those of a product with a sig:iiicaat proportion of ton-tobacco supelement in its blend, (d) Air-cured Z!Pa:srt~ Qgu!3g partly from the analogy with dears [see tO (il: "Cigars"] and aar:~g from imprecise hesi:i statistics, has been rcgge;:ed rhar eigaretres Jde i:am a~!hCprei. tobacco ate "saier" than the regular ~:3t3er~ ~h~le it ?oul~ be 133131er to EODelt on what is mean: ~y le!d::7e sa.'et7 - a julbe~ent vhic~ should be l·fi to ~ed:cal ai;;b:!:ies - i; should be i~ll::lt pc::~at extensive research has failed to substantiate the c!ain on which the suggestions ~ere based, (e) Feneltp:lpn T:ad!:iola!r~, certain fully air-cured tobaccos were submitted to fermentation processes, mainly to ameliorate or mellow a harsh character in the sm~lre~ A few people in the pas: have argued that it was the elimination of this process, which was 3d longet needei:lrh the deve!lpPe:t of this high quality, specially-bred varieties of tobacco, that was the origin of ts.e statistical assac!a;i3o be:7ee3 smo)(lng and certain diseases. Sore of those V~O advanced this theorr had a vested interest in seei:3 p:oprierar7 aceelerlr:e;i fana?rarieP ~rscesles introduced into tobacco ~nali3g, The argu3.ents used by the proponents of this t5apry hn been very :eer;Pos and based a I3Ptec!se heal:i~ statistics and weak analogies with cigar smoking (se? ',O (E): *Cigdrs"]~ Such research, which has beet carried out, us provided 3o evidence i?, support of :his :~ed~~ (f) Cigars in the pas:, some doctors hew made the statement that smoking cigars Is "safer* than sloking cigarettes, C:l claim appears to be based on health statistics gathered on cigar smokers and cigarette smo~ers~ Beause there ate so relative!? few who sma~e cigars ucrusive!p and chose ;;",3 do differ from cigarette smokers in other i:?or:ant ~ac~:n, these statistics are relatively i~g:ecise, Pur:~enore, vh~le it would be improper to co~ePe on w:,at is ;esnt 'J~ ":elat!ve saiet?', it must be pointed out lat cigars and c!prertes are smoked in different ways, s~~ ~3 it very difficult to substantiate the ~ievs expressed on W this !sscc~ 3 BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -1?- it is also, perha?s, ifpdr:nnt to point out that sole doctors, who advocated svitci~i~~ to dears in the past, are nw less convinced oi the desi:;~ilitp of this Eiaoge~ Because people sap sil stake s-~211 cigars in a different oay ffb;l that in vhic~ they sloke traditional sire cigars, it is:or ~eas:hle ts flp~are t~e deliveries ol;,lese products :3 a sin:lar 7ay to that used for c!ga:r::as~ is seated elseie:e (see 4~ (a): "Teague Titles"), a do not ac:e?::~e i3tcrlreeitid1s pur:n such results, for these reasons, a are opposed :3 the eS'iShliSh'3EPt of league tables for cigar products on the grounds that tfiey uil! ;Pi5!ead consuDers. (g) Lov Tar Brands in a scientific pale: published 4 late 1976, the li:s::st of the Saoking and Health Prog:33 Of the ga~idnar Cancer I3sriruce,'J.S~ Sa~iJnal I~ast!;::es or' Health, Dr. Gio bri, deve!oaed the thesis that there exist maxiwun daily intakes of R:10U9 S~ke osone:cs be:sv vhic~ :he mot~ali;g :!s~ of sao~iog·asrocldtaE diseases is milf3al, Be dn~ at:ent!oato the fact that when the elidelio:og!car sur;eos frcs vh:ci~ Lhe J:at:l;ic~ dJod;larfea ba~etn laoidrg arC various diseases are derived, are carried out during 19jo-!960, cigarettes vere very different in delivery Irsa vbat they are nov, By laking a nuL:Ser of assuJptflls, Dr~ tori concluded that a a~ri~er of lov ear brands can be sloked 13, moderate lounts Wit~dll: a?p significant i3c:ease in mortality ri~k~ His p:poounce~ent uas Fe:ested in 1S;B and received fairly :lide publicity in the ~aCia~ Yi:~our c~~el:ing on Dr. Gor!'s thesis or the assc3p~ie3s he has lade i: order to arrive at his conclusions, it is pertinent to note that it is t~r Group's policy to offs' c3nJ13en a rang? pi ;Ireduc.s ;I:a dliicre~t dc"vtr!rs Ir!· these i3clude a nuajer of brands jbich fall into ~~e category advocated by Dr, Cpri, [h) Additives A variety of laterial.s is traditionally added to cereals types of tobac:o in order to moC!fy the texture dr sloking gw!feg~ Other mater:ars say be aploged as additions :3 cigarette paper in order to control the rate of o=bus;:oa or to filters in order to coner:! or enhance their pe:isra~fe~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -t4- As resoopsijic Y~dacru~ers, ve take great care 33!'1 to use ~ddlr!?es ~i.ea ttare are aecessari. Above all, ve dr aor use a:e~!rl; of ~ich ve do not Icou the COP7PSI:iPt about ?hid allegations of harm night be sustained. For ELis lutpose, ue bye established an expert body, the dddi:ives Guidance panel, ~~o can advise on the desirability of usa:e~ This Panel Ss established contacts vfth c~sercia! suppliers of i:d~:eurs in order to receive for consideration, conf!~e::!al d!s;lpsures of proprietary iniorsatipa, it some caupt:ias, disclosures of this nature need to be claveye~ to the e)?ropr!ate government auelor!ry~ ~e procedures used bp the Additives Guidance Pane! ~dve been aC31ced In certain countries rJhere the use of b~!:i;es is subject :3 government E03::01t 3esearch (a) She R3!C of Grout Zesearch h key objective :f central research at the Souehap~~~ ~ab~raeorles is to provide the Group vith a strong Inteca:i~osallg :ae3g3!sel resource in all areas relevant to the issues ii s:oiing and health. .Yalor companies in the Group utilise the reported findings in the!: ova product de~erapoelt~ A direct technical supper: seri!ce is available to all other companies as apprep:i~t~~ Ihe main tec"nical areas relevant to the objective are: 3l0!3giCL evaluation of tobacco materials, products, !eue::s and additives~. CoCS :nhalatic:, and retention of smoke aerosols~ iii) Selective i:l::ar:pj of components in ssoke~ iv) aeduc:ion of carbon Ponoxide and nitrosanines !3 both r!ss:lea: b?d 81dBSi:eaP SP3ke~ vJ General reduction of sidestteem and ambient ssoke and smoke Cb0303tfit9~ vi) !"oocesiin, (induCing etpnslon) of t~baeco~ pii) Cigarette ~es~gn~ vifi) Snake: motivation and sPoi(CI behaPiblll~ !x) Production and control of lov deliver! pfoduc~s~ I) laste and i!~voar enhancement. of lov delinrl O 1:3dre:s' W Sfiec:ii'e ~r~ is luSl!sherl in 3e open !!tcsa:~re;~en i: 3 is of a V~i sc:!,:itic standard ao? is of general :I:~cr n) ::sn ;:=::;isl 71::e~ BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -lj- There is a close liaison beoceo Public af~ai:s Oe~a::=eac, Y:llba:k and S i S 3elart:est on all oat:c:s rel.alit3 to the 3edical and scientific as;lects of rmokilg issues, Contact is ~d~:a!:ed dtS leading L~ mcd!ctl, research ~orke:s as: or$anisat:oas involved in research into aPldng, and d:S ;~ authorities concerned vith the health issue, it is cs:!s:~d that asproxipately ~6 d!!ila due of :~e TP Ill:on ii D aedg!~ at Southamotion is clxened, e!cter Eirec:!v or i3d!:se:!y, vi;h irsue$ of Lo;ii?g and tiea!rh, Ihe co:csFotli~ iig~;e ior coral Group ;rsea:ea b;Ys area is of :~e order of f17 pfl!ipp, (b) Use of InislPi~esearc.l ~3,Fer:a!; areas st' the snoking and balth:ssearch pt~graz~e, i: is ~ecessatp to use rodents for exoeriner.ral purposes. .II! this vP:lr is carded our In sotef;zllf licensed laboratories under t~ strict control ard supervision Properly uere~sed by goveMlpents, klna! a?e:~en.:5 are only used by BII~ vhe there is no a!eeaa:!pe ~:~ e;ual scientific validity, Ocr resFoosflil::1 in ri~ so~lng and hcal~~ coater: Is to our conswe:s ant for sooe purposes, e,gl the protocols of the aunter Cs~t:ae in the UI, laid dovn for assess!~ the acceptability of tobacco soepraents and additives, the use of aa~a~s ic: a e~ber Of tests is call ed for, in all these rests, the ar~al sps:en is used as an ins~:3aent for c3m3a:!s3p Pi the effects or' Enoke from different cigarettes, The tests are not considered a Jodels for ~~e hu3af res~o~se to snoke and there is no logical uay i~;hich they can be so e~:ra~olated~ ~heIe hs been 10 reliable fas;aace of ib production of a h~oaP-t~e lung e~ou: in a3p aninal systc~ The c~a~s nde sole sass ap cs: luk cancer had bep3 produced in ~e,glr 135; cnlolt~ to cigarette sspke hate jem pes~io:ed by certain :edica! authorities because soae of the ani~ls ?ere aiiacta by lung ~arPs uhici~ ede any result suspect, it is, perl?s, t;o:th e~phasising that Bh;bave never used dogs tn;hese types of ezpe:lentsl 12, leg!slaeionlraxat~sn to) Legislation hcpnc:t~ed public needs to be intoned about the aokisa and health e~:e:sFe:s~~ in this regard, the accepted role LP; P.F gp~er-~e:: in a free society vith tefere·c! to legal products is to i:,,orn its ci:itcns - to give then th facts W obfective!~ or to 52t :~e they are given :,e tacts -;rtiire Ilaving ;~ ue·::;r cf !:er c~!e to e4 I~bld~a!. 4 L: are,:~erci::r, o?T35eh to legfslaeioe or gs~er~went n: f::ene·:l:~ l!ci ~u:i :~:l:fen ~i:~1 at::: sto:c~~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ·!6· (5) Graduated raxati31 based on Tar Deliveries We an opposed to this as esseriesee has s~o~:~ar such nsarlm Erua~y :ci·!:; 13;cSS ai revenue m laver=elr, illegal trar.s~or:ae!oa of cigarettes frap othec ~ar~ets and fierce criticism oi ~Le authorities iqos~ng:~e tax, these occurred uhe~ ~ilv ?0:2 City introduced graduated taxation in 197;, bs a tes~le this tauac!ln E7s:a vas discontinued, (c) Punit~e T~xat!on of Ciqa:cr:es to Reduce Cigare~r~ Consue:tion We are strongly opt:sd to this because:- i, It ·ia~d hi: kt:tes: those people vfet lov incomes, 2, There is a real iasgc::hat people vho, as a result of su;i leasu:es uorl~ o~g be able to afford to buy fever cigarettes, ~i~cl? change their smoking ht!:r and smoke esc~ cigarette to the shortest possible bctt length, vhi:h governments are !ikelg to regard as undesirable on health grour~s~ 3, 1 likely result ;u~uld Sc that smokers uould soirch to cf~eaper hand·:pl!ed c!8arettes without filters, or other p:lduccs, vCicl gaPar;ents mag not regard as desirable, ("e Jvite~ to:ald-:o!!ed cigarettes vidout filters actually occurred in Ccaant ar'cer a recent tax increase ant caused a loss in gc:ernwent revenue), 4. Punitive tan fj~: lead to an overall reduction i: consumption, bu::ls could mean reduced &E71r~e3F revenue and ee=:!PFe:: in the iadustrg due to cl::race!on Pi the cz:Ber~ (d) ~Xip~;ar and, Si;:tine ~l='~s We see little ae::: in the i=?ositlon through legislation of m&cins tar and nicotine If::ts, ao~ever, in dev Of the fact that our ac)a-,:es are already lovering deliveries in ant:c!,atlcn of changes in c3nsuner preference, ue are p:cla:?? to accept, provide". agreement can be reached olel other ~nbets of the kdus::v - both local and Inre~a:iaall · a:g :vpan5ia vallariq sgrsc3tnt vhi:b cakes account of the sales ~!ght~~ average or' tar !3 the specific country cor,cernedl (e) Pan!~? Clauses If g3vc:are3tJ rirh to in?ose a vaniog clause on pacics, ve ate prepared to 2:-c?er3e! wbject to the constraints detailed in StrataS? j~ I, BA~Co document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ·!7· 13~ S 61 Csa:::e:sv (a) Statistical hsociat!os as a result of studying the ~!~enee of various diseases in populations whose habits, food, !i7in~ conditions, tntei!e, a:e recPr~!', scientists have iFsU~d on a nc?le: of occasions that certain diseases, e~g, lung cancer, bronchitis, e~phrseu, lea;~ disease, occur core i:epuec:!y a~ona :~o~e of the population who sloke cigarettes than a~on3 those of s!7fla: age groups s~3 do not spolre~ :~~s Is what is s~n~ br a 'sta:!s:ica: Essoda~!clc*~ Eere!l a sta:c3e:: Pi r6ar has le:1 obsc~ed. f~e strength of t?.e statistical association bet?eo.r. t~e saokiq habit at e~e various diseases varies for different ?opulatfons [e~5~ by country, by race, by sex, by age group, Sp snaking ~robc: - c!3aret:as, !!pes, cigars or combinations of e~e~e)~ 7here are other factor;, besides smoking, which are also statistically associated with these diseases, e~g, a:nospheric pollution indices are associated with bronchitis, exposure :3 asbestos dth lung cancer, life style and exposure to stress with heart disease and so on. indeed, all diseases are associated to greater or lesser degree with a ~cl:!?l:::tlt of factors, which are ~to;p as "::sk fae;ors"~ Tthe existence of a statistical association is of:!:! noag!l interpreted as being proof of a causa~:e!at!onsC:~, Ihis is gui:e incorrect, a statistical association can never be used to de:onstra:~ i:Ci7fdual causation. (See 13. j5): *IrXlrne3;s about husa:ion')l (b) b:~une?:s about Causation Statistical associations between snok!ng and a nu-,ber of diseases have been shoLa to axis: 17 a nEbe: of s:~:es, including eg!de3Lolag!ul studies, carried out on different popula:ioosl ;~ese bye been interpreted by a 3jOFi:T Of ~ed!cal authorities as indicating a Causal relationship bersecn ssoking and the:sc!det~e of these diseases in the populations, while accepting that no disease has a: unique cause. as a epcse~aee~· of this interpretation, they believe that a reduction in the nuber of slpakers 13 the population, dr in the !;tdie Of tobacco ssoke by c3kers, C*; will result In a reduction in the incidence of the statistically associated gpOk!38 diseases in that population, U BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -19- Other authorities believe that the statistical associatioo beoet~ 1302i?Q and various diseases is purely accidental, resulting f:op the inherited characteristics pI certain sec:ill II the p~po!at!o~l accot?ing to this theory, susceptibility to one or more of the alleged smoking-related diseases Is inherited, as is the personality and life-style of that section of the population, leading :~ea to adopt the snaking haj~:, These 'sp :~eari·s, of course, are not necessarily mutuall! ex~usf:c~ indeed, in addition a ~Pber of h~an constitutional as all as a nutlber of envf:onmentdl factors are considered by sane to be involved, Ivel If the causal exp!anat:oa for the statistical association beoecr! sno~ing and disease is accepted as being the sinks: exalanatipn,and even ii moking is considered to ~E a'l:lncl~hl ideror, ii ost 5e stressed Lhat statistical evidence relevant to a population is strictly irrelevent ts the case or: an identified individual, hny doctors and laypen ~u!:e incorrectly ex:rapp!a~e changes in the incidence of disease for a population to an individual Mmbe: II that population, To JU3.UII. there is no certainty about the interpretation of the e~s:138 stat!sticsl evidence and therefore at present the controversy concerning snoking and health remains. (c) lung Cancer Tne statistical association kt?es3 snaking aed lung cancer has been dem,onsr:ated in a nmher of studies in several countries. The i::e:~:!:atloa of the statistical association is still a subject of debate (sce ',3, (5): "I~rgumlne~ about Causat::~*)~ khdt is Et::a!3 is that there is no single cause ci the disease, vh!c5 is also associated vith at~s3hc~ic pollution, Lt~osure to asbestos, industrial eqosur? to certain cLcicl!s (C~lo:ooclhyl ether, Barp!!is) end other factors, ll:oreover, there is evidence for an i~i.e~!red selsi:ic·!:y, The observation that lung cancer occurs anong a snail proportion of people who bye never s;oied Is further evidence that the statistical association ~el sssk!ag is not capable of sinple explanation, (d) Bronchitis and E~rlt~e:a (ehronic Obstructive l~p~ Diseases) These diseases are often closely related, but their rate of incidence varies greatly from country to country, I! BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -19- 5Thile there is a statistical association Seelea smoi~l:3 and bronchitis, other factors are also i:volve~~ mese i:::,de ac=os~hetic pollution, occupational dust exposure (esE1, co2e, asbestos, cotton and vadC :'i5res), social class - unsltiilcd labourers and their dvts have a flasiderab:? higher risk than proiesslonal :el and l~ieir'Jiles - and genetic factors. Cara is evidence :h certain people he an inherited ~usce?~i5tli:p d~e to a defic!aet in ele:: blood Phich ~a4es them parric:!srly liable to hve!oo c:!t·lsea~ ~!s can be t:ass:i:~ed [e) Car%id-~ascu!ar Diseases Ca:lto-~asc~!l: disease is a general ter, uhiei embraces ccr3a3V heart disease - the leading cause of death countries - and cetejra! ~er::Lge (s;:ske)~ khi!a there is a statistical association bee?ees CPD ari smoiiag, it a??ears to be re!at!vell veaZ coqar:d vi:h other factors, elg, Ugh blood Pressure, raised bloPd-c$oleslarJ1, dietary habits, diabetes, obes~tf,:c:ar se:ess~ mese nap be mast conveniently s~upar!sed as "I!fc- style" combined vi:~ an inherited susce?ti5ilirgt There Is evidence that *pdple dtS competitive, inpatient, driving pcrsan~litfcs ("Type !.") are more liable to eo:s3arg heart diseases than those in i;aom these qualities are not predwt~ane ('Type 3"). The statistical association s',th snP2ing may veil arise accider:!allo merely because these ino!lua:s are also core liable to s-loke !1 order to find an outlet for their stress. it is f:e~uentll alleged that carbon moaoxide in tobacco smoke Is ~essonsibk for the tloc~drg of the c3roaar~ arteries ('a;:er!osclerss:s' This is !uge!7 basei: c: aa ex3erinee.tal study ~:t~ animals by bttul, uhs'nas JuSsepncr.:19 been uljle to rc!cae i: ci~1~5 d:hdra~-. "s c!ai3. Oespi;e this, ant:*s=~:ct:s still tend :3 foc~s :: carbon monoxi!e Is a so-called 'cause' or' heart disease, See guote by ~3:? E:el~ 13 ~3st:ioc Paper 2~ (c): *C~:j3; rowxfdc'~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -20- SnPkinP and Pe Pill With Be adoption by wm of oral c3at:ace)eioa (the *Zi:!') in the last tk: years or SO, evidence is coming to light of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease lanifested by cerebral haaao~iage, accompanying aeeac~cs of migraine headaches~ ~t:e have also been instances of blood clotting disorders leadi.'.3 to thrombosis. It us also Se?: alleged that these conditions are exacerja:rd in voPa taily oral contraceptives, ~~ are also smokers, This allegation may 911 be based :3 an aetiden~dl correlation in that oral contraception may have S~n adolted first by '!ibera:ed' r·c:en who Ke more !!h!y tJ be snoters. ~:~~n:lg published s:~b investigating both factors has coocluded ~~e the use of oral contraceptives is oo:e t3ri; than PlOkilp'~ 15~ Smoking and ?:c~ancZ Various bodies bye suggested :~a: noki:,O by pregnant vo=en lay have very serious effects on their unbor: babies, e,gl rePcr birth uei:5t, increased mortality soon after birth, respiratory complications during iofancf~ Ue reeognise this is an area of continuing concern and ue r!clme the research effort vh~c~ is being devoted to it -mnch of ~h:Eh hs beal f:a~ced by the tobacco industry. 16, Smoking Sp:3:-adults k'e are totally opposed to smoking ~r nao-ddul~s~ Whether :1 smoke or not is a choice for the i:!!Pidud ad a choice t'at should be ;ade ooTy by adults, ~a support ~aresenad~y t~e efforts of authorities to prevent :~ sale of cigarettes ;3 ooa~a~~:s and to prevent their i3:i:t access to cigarette vending sac~i3es~ If go~e:=c~s decide r4r health education in schools is desirable,:tis lust be based on so:~d scientific grounds~ Pur~i~cr, such education should not, in our viav, be restricted to anti·nok!g issues bur should poil: out all $oM risk factors to ~Mn ha~:~ and by this means 9t3V non-adults that a:~jer of risk factors may affect their health. iladw emphasis on the alleged ~du:ts of smoking mag create the false impression that tfu! single act of not smoking voui~ ptcvar disease. If asked ut~a: their altitude is 13 providing financial assistance in support of anti-smoking educat!:a in schools 6r elsewhere, comsaaies should reply that the funding of such ptograrPmes is probcr!p :Le responsibility of gosz:~nes~ and not of tobacco ePqmicr. BATCa document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 if. Television and Radio ~poea~anfcs Our oun experience and e.L.at of the tobacco industry as a vfiP!? has Seel rh: Television and Radio prograre~ on SDOkilp Issues are not objective in their approach to the sujjec~~ ~or:h!s reason ve are natsral~ cautious as to the invitations Fe accent or decline, but it is nevertheless bur policy to treat cac~ request on its ~eries~ :9~ Volunts,:v hp:eePents Where concessions, in1619!39 self-regulatory restrictions, ~dve been:ade by the industry in response to the visi~es of govern:ent, it should certainly not 5e assured that these ir?r? that the industry accepts that there is a proven case for tie introduction of the restrictions, Ben the industry has r~e such concessions, it has Seen in response to a gooetnnent's bel!er' that action of this kind Fould be in the public interest. 13. Yoleratioa C~ssai_q~s_ b a coopaay ue endorse the comdasepse aev that ~odetatioP in all rhi?gs Is desirable, Bovever, to translate that into a caPpaign presents several difficulties, cast important of uh!eh is to quantify uhat is ?eant by p~odeiatica in terms of cigarette oonsu:3tion pet indiddud:~ It should htJo be ncogdsed that nolte:s of love: delivery cigarettes are in effect prae:isiq o~derar!oa~ Sddil!dnal!t, it could be inferred that Sp:mdng moderation cas?zi~:s ve believe excessive aoiti3Q to be harnfal~ This, vh!!! the controversy about SPokicg and F.ea!th re~ai~s, E3L1 subject us to unjustif!a~le legal ecmplica:ioa~~ !O~ Fa~!d feal~~ Ortanisation 6a accept that ehe'Jorld Bearth Oe~anisa~!on is entitled tl rite reclamdalibos 0[1 S~oicing Issues to the go~e~ents or EEai:~ Yil~Jrcrs of ~cnbee countries. We do not, houever, believe that the cr80 should interfere in the internal affairs of chose countries, since this wluld be 13 c6ntraoeption of the international code as defined by the United ~aeisPJ~ If caeent is required on the r;dO nclen~enda:!oas, this should cone f:os the govenment, rather than the local industry, al:~ougt~ the industry uculd no doubt 5e prepared to express its Vidt'J to the pOYet~ePtl :E invited 5y the Covewcot to do so~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -~-- -t?· 21, C,eradons !1 3eve!ooine tduptries rl??oneles of SSbkilp have criticised our operations in Th!:~ ~or!dlCevel3?i:g Couaer!es ao~ brve advocatd thr in those c3cntries tobacco 8:3Vilp and ex-ptr of tobacco man~lactlL·':~ ::Cusr::es should be progressively reduced in sie as tap!i:~ as :Iss!ale~ ~eJ have also dleged the fn:ernarioea! compa:ias, rci as ;6:, ate noo 30V1Cg into the aarketr 13 depe!oping c:ctries because e~e g:ovth rate in cigarette sales in de::lopel ;3c3t:ies Is static or deciin~g~ Csc::ary to Bat op~oneats of aoking advocate, ve are be!:: actively enoocraged bp oanp C1!:3 I;otld governe~ts to develop a tobacco ~C~sc:y, I: chase countries vhare a tobacco industry is b~:eady established ~ are proud to have played a large part in :~e ~ftia:ile and g3acsioa of tobacco groviag and etpor; and cigarette Pacsfac:uriq uhich have cdac:butd subsrantia!:r to :i~!: E1POl:E ZPd social deoelo~a~at. ~:s vae aPTig coniincd tn ti~e i~'s mologralh "teaf;obacco: Its CooEibutian to :ie i:moli: ed Social hve!daac oi Che mird I;orld' !ab;is;sC i~ l3ao, ~!:~ tefereoce to de allegation that UT and other international c3aanies are novmoviog into developing countries because the sales groFeh rate in developed countries is static or decli:ing, ?a; has been established in Most developing countries for ~y pears. For etamp;e, ve have been in India since 1902, genr3 sire 1910, Trinidad since 1901, Sigaria since 1910, Ils~e~:~3a since 1913, 3tazil since 19tC and hlatsia since 1911, 2?. ~d;ertis::; ~e:hcds I'sed in Seve!oP_icg eoun~ries :: order to avoid L~:s ourselves open to criticisa and ~:~volrtng ao~er3me::j into unjustifiable legislation ve are nov r::i7ely pursuing a plicy of :elovicg any eleoents in the a~tet:isi-3 for our brands vh:ch could possibly be c3astr3ei as atlealing to ton-adults or to s,oicrs to ooke ~are or to e~:!ss~ BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 _ ___ -23- 23, ra~'~ic3~:e: Ooub!s Standards In Developed and ~vclopi~q Countries T~e baJie ~Jit!on or' ~ regarding t~e delivery Lvelr of l;s cllare~:~ Iroduc:~ ~ ther because ciglrcrc~o are a netter of pc:Jon!:a~:l, k:C tastes vary trol EOPPt~ to Cou3rr]r, B:~9t provide t~~ coas~P: ~i~~ whit satisfies him~ ~d~erc:, several years If Pti'l;Otit( bC:fv!:I Lla hd oo basie siis~:~: 01;~e eolsec:, the in:'erenoa aade by substantial r51rJ ot:edical and IC!eDElflC athoti:fe~ that tar and PiCOiil e3c:~cr is related to the Ineidence of spoking related diseases, his, ~tsre the lobby is strongest in the developed cau~r:~eJ, leeesaled a consuler d~~d for lov dc!ivc~ protuc:l,:P ~~C~ the industry has rc~pocded~ On tc~e~c~tl, spae ~~i~tar~ of Xealth or their c:F!~~len~~ i? the developed countries have r?gucs:cd:~c!r ldoal icdustr7 to lover deliveries ~ds?tndlattt of rsrl(et !3 the ease of the m(, to P11CC 1 d!sPrJ10rtio11;C uounr of advertising behind loo delivery pr~huc~e :~e eonpanr nrin fin in dislSIOC!ltiOg itself free the Irt~ectl obicb have created these tvo basic effects, hut nevertheless does foresee their being repeated in their overseas ~rlets al!Cidl, Flt~ consequent dcnlnd for lar delivery prod~c:s f:om c3n~~~ers~ !01 this reason, end this reason alone, a deCIEIOP 91 ta'Len sole tire ago to C5~1bi!Sh phased delivery reduction prdl~ac~ i:. all territories, and this should be coapleted for the nost part Sf J~nua:~ 198?~ The targers res!: 1 cener:irl sec:cr as con;let!tive Ibnc~alt cluld be :~~ep ::~::~cir dise!osurc~ S~cvct, it is fair t, say that 413C P~DCI::I ~11 I~UltC to the I Bddle Tar hand, or lover, by ;a~~ry 198?, BATCo docunent for Legal Senicos : Health ClrdP 19 Yly 1999 ·29- Tobacco Grefcq I4!biting the Production of Food Crops in Developing CPcr:.ts In most doe!e7t3 countries there Is abundant lad available and thus Its usage il::ie g~oPlng of tobacco in no vay inhibits the production of food crops. Borcovef, 3X;:?2)tlICS in various parts of the arrd have contributed SUjS:3::!dl!Y to increasing Fields of food crops through the pr:~ls:la of f!aaPc!Pg and advice to farsers, combined vith :rai3ing and deve!oppeat, in the follovlng areas: - eroo ~:l:ion - ~~Ptove~ ~ad culef7at!oP through use pi residual !e:ei!is~: lec~iSues~ - ~;ans~~: cf technology IC.C;oP chcmicals~ · Ilnanc· i:r C16P chemicdl sprag equipoerr~ - Finance for pumps ad aneilliary altl!lmco~ for i~?roved · Finance for tractors and cultivarloo eguipsot, - Soil ara:~~!ckt pragra~as~ - Sujso!!i:; and deel-~loug'ning~ · Be2r lar,eabfl!ry and increasing the potential root tone of tie ~:~! to reduce cros!an~ · Coat~c: ~1~3:!38~ ~!oug~:~ of cop rcslducs~ BefFrelct to ~C of this is contained 13 the objective and authoritative 5:: ~o~6grap'n - "tear' Tobacco: its Contribrlon to the a~clnos:e a:t I?c!li 3e7clopelt of the Third r~t!d' published in r980, BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada ~9 May 1999 -25· 25, Use of ~ood for Flue-:uting The aue-ctlring of tobacco requires artificial beat, docgj other methods of csring do nct~ i: Canada, the United States, the Caribbean, B~rral ~e:ica, I~dL and indonesia, oil, coal Of sometimes naroral gas are used for flfa-,uriag~ The ideal llnit for the production of f!ue·cuted tobacco is, houever, the family tars, aci ~3, Eoee 3arts pi ebe Third iidrld the use of;P0d as fuel fw ~ue-~ut!~g hJ ~d obPio~i ad~antages~ in ~~e earlier stages of tobacco producr.ioP, ?ood uas available from land clearance 13 many parts of Africa, from other agri:~eural activities snob as robber plantations in hlagsia, from govermeat forest nscnc~ in Sri Lanira, or from aaeura forests as in 3ra2!!t liacd is still wed as fuel by tobacco farmers in these coz::ies 5u: they are also cotp:;ies in vhict~ vood is in demand for building construction and for domestic and other co~ercial ~n~C1OZCS~ CoPse~ueot!y, re~lifo:epta:i:~ is necessary to conserve :esoutces~ In :1Vs coyneeioc 3AT cwpn!es haoe taken the iait!a:ive~ ?cr aaa3le in Sri kn)ra the Ceplon Tobacco Comoany has a:ran,ded fsr fa~ers to fa~: a3~~!lp 1/ rimu che asnp;ll cdcslmptida of trees requira for f!~e·n:ing. in Bondurao the company has arranged for over 100,000 trees to be planted in the last yesrl in Renya, the c33psn3 sponsored re-afforestation programme dccowts already for more than 8~ million aev trees and in Srazll ooer t15 million trees have been planted since 1960. ~tc~ 1981 L'~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 -26· SZ~CITIC I13E1 POSI~ION P~1~S a. ddd!::iOP ...,....,, NO~ 5 p.B ~dCi:;7es 1~ ,,,,.,,, ~o~ to (h) p~!3 ~· ·· I~