RESTRICTED BRITISH- AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY LIMITED RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT GR & DC RES EARCH PROGRAMME AHD RESOURCE A1LOCATIOH 1985 ·1987 Ilncfuding Summary of Product Technology & Technical Services·1985] BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 COPY NO,: YF BRITISH-P~ERIW# TOBACCO I;ORPANY LIMITEI, GRbDC RESEARCH PROGRAMME a RESOURCE ALLOCATION 1985·1987 GROUP RaO PROGRAEVIIE (b) PRMIUCT TECHNOLOGY ANO TECHNICAL SEa\lICES (SuFrmary Only) OU~IBUTION: 1, R,J, Pritchard 13, N, Oavis 2, L,C,F, Blackman 14, R,L,O, Eiy · 3, A,M, Heath/J,A,B, Kel~agher 15, F, Haslam a, O.G, HeyJood/P,A, Richardson 16, M,Norswcrthy 5, H,A, Morini 17, J,P, Sitkel 18, O,K, Thorpe 6, E, Rittershaus 19, A,L, Heard 7, F, Seehofer 20, C,I, Ayres 8, P,J, Ounn 21, M,3, Hdrdwick 9. S,R, Massey 22, R, Binns tO, C,J,P, de Siqueira 23, P,H, Gannavay II, P,M, Oenton 12, R.G, Nicholls RES~ ICTEO b MAY BE OPENEI A1Y3 SEEN ONLY BY a THE AOORESSSE A#O PERSONS AUTHORISEO BY ~E 1200;1ESSEE Ccl Novem~ef 1986, S iJ!~ 3h1hh h~nerian fPbluo CJ. L~d Ihil mart ~pl Se spied or Ihwn lp un~u~pclcd ptnoe~. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 COMENTS PAGE FOREWORD GR~OC ORGRHISATIOII 2 RESOURCES ALLOCAKO TO G1OUl RbO 7ROGRP~#E AMI TO 3 PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY ANO TECHNICAL SERVICES CR~DC ACTIVITIES RE~TING TO GROUP NEEDS 4 GROUP RaD PROGR~1R 01 Biological Research ' 15 02 Smote Research 21 03 Smoker Behaviour 35 04 Tobacco Treatment 15 05 Fl avour and Bi otechnol ogy 51 06 Process Research: (A) Process Technology 57 (8) Physics af Tobacco 67 (C) Novel Ct garette Technot ogy 77 ·:'C·~ (D) He~suraent Technology · 89 07 Analysis and Test Method Development 97 Product Applications Group Projects Appendix I Product fechnolo~ and Technical Services (Ap~lication of Funds) Appendix Ii Total GRa3C Staff Allocation · Appendix ilr GR&DC Professional Staff · Appendix IV Specialist Resources Appendix Y 3 19SJ 8rllill k~~~n ~obltro Co. L~. ~i~ mu~ nol k ajld or r~~m to un~u~ld ~~xmr ~ BATC6 document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 FORIWOilO ~is document describes I~e 19654198: Group RbD Prdgra~e I"fonula funded"), principally concerned with fundamental research to support operating companies, which was approved by the BXTCo Board in November, 1984, The following changes in organisation have been made in response to the priority needs advised by r~C companies and Functional Deoartme.ltsl Comni ttees, A new Work Area 04 entitled Tobacco Treatment (under Dr, R.A, Crellin as Group Leaderj has been formed by merging parts of navour Research (originatly Work Area 04) and Process Research: Chemistry - Fundamental Studies (orginally Work Area 05(8)1, ( A new Wort: Area 05 entitled navour and Biotechnology (under Mr, T,G, Mitchell as Group leader) has been formed to cover routes to obtaining important flavour compounds - using bath conventional chedcal methods and the developing techniques of biotechnology, I Work Area 06 entitled Process Research, will comprise four Sub-sections. "Prscess Tecnnoldgy", 06(A) is the residue of the old 05(8) "Chemistry of Processing and Expansion Studies", A new section 06[0) "Measurement Technpl'ogy" covers instrumentation and measurement activities, IA) Process Technology - Mr, R,11, Hedge 9) Physics of Tobacco Or,R,G,Hook (CJ Hovel Cigarette Technoloo_y - nr.3,A.Lute (O) Measurement Techoologl, - Mr. R,W, Hedge ( Analysis and Test Method Oeveldptent is re-numbered as Work Area 07, Full details ol;he "non·formula" funded Product Technology and Technical Services (PTTS) programme are given in a separate document. In order, however, to stow the total approach of G;1&OC to the challenge of product innovation, a brief indication is given in Appendix I of the scope of the Product Applications Group under Mr. X.L, Heard, which was established las; year to promote the commercial exploitation of products arising out of the total work programme at. GRgOC, A· secccld change rr~m previous Progranme documentj is the summary given on pages 4 to 14 which shows the total GRhDC response to:he priority needs of llarketinE, Production, Leaf and Smoking & Health, Both revenue and capital expenditures in 1985 are being maintained close to the 198E levels, in 1985 terms, The total staff nunlbers are within the Establishment figure of 284, November, 1984 ~ 19d: flnalh k~~i~1 T~be:P 6. !~· ihil Etn eel ~ spi:d w li;Fwn lp unarlhwi~rd pMn~. O~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 a~ne on~rPnor pae Ibal i O~pl~n~) .H, Mllleln BYII B~~~ htlnldoul Pllnnln9 R~. thornrM I Spld~llF ~H. Clnn~ul~ CMlitrrtr rl, lvetrn 1[1110 LP#M lUPPdRT i L~PI[H~S~R~T~I I I#lleMO~ LI. ~n~l I H~. ~r~il~l I ~-~onl / POUI Y~~an~pl ~ I~nlPd L~I1CI IESEYM ~fT ~~II I I-LCI. Mlal ~*lwmt I I ) II PLV~L~II~ .~~, O~nJ In~we~ng ~men~ I J~R. k~h~llC P~~n~o~ sc~ano~ , hr~l I~, a~r rs. Y~91 ~n*lct L~c~ a~~. I·P· itnn~ Ipcctll hm. t2~9~n mnmst R,t. loo~ nlr·r k %~e Lnull~ur~ nlnuflcturr 9~1. ~~Drr m*1 ULlld lnC ~Cnttl L~ndol 1E~al~ ~Balol hAnl L~ ~rilin Jd, ~I b* (D] J~l~~tr! Ilul~lt ,W. Td·P am~~~~cr; rlcnn~o~ R:j, Ycdgl 5Enlpr)l I.C 9rdll hprl ~~n~o~~l Jt~~~lcl L~ Dlkm E.L ~ltcl 4akI ~m:tr~ H.G. Hon~~l L~illlull~ PPe B .C O N D dl~ SnBI klaa lorrD Ca II Ph crt at h ·pid a Ib·l (u p~bdyooa BATCo document Tar Le9al Services : He~th Qnada 19 May 1999 RESOURCES A11OCATED TO ME IjlOL;P R10 P_ROGRAHIIE R110 TO PRODUCT TECR~OLOGY ACO TEC31CAL SEI~YICES Total Revenue" Direct Effort" (E000) Graduate I Assistant 1985 1 1986 ( 1987 Years Years Grcuo R8C Pragrarmne Biological Research 3 14 966 Smoke Research 7 !2 1381 Smoker Behaviour · i 6 6 995 Tobacco Treatment 1 5 5 692 Flavou:r and a i 3technoT ogy 3 4 493 Process Research: (A) Process Technology 4 5 579 (B) Physics of Tobacco 3 5 467 (t) Novel Cigarette Technology 2· 7 590 (O) Measurement Technology '1.5 a 284 Analysis a Test Method Develo;,;nent 3,5 8 654 S~ecialist Resources 4 1 · 1 572 Total s 42 70 7673 1 7700 i 7700 Product Technology ~ Technical Services' 1 13 m jzarlzloolll Total 55 82 9798 1 9800 1 9800 All revenue figures are in 1985 termsl NOTES: * These figures shaw the ndcr of man·yedrs specifically allocated to the;iork Programnes~ Seconded Personnel, AdnliniStration and Technical Support Staff are excluded. tt In addition to the cost of Direct Effort, the Total Revenue includes bath specific costs (e,g, Contracts, Lee:, Travel) and an allocation of Administration, Site Services, Depreciation, ete, C Details in sister document, "Product Technology 8 Technical Services, Programme and Resource Allocation, 1985''~ C 191: 8:ililh kcun TPb~t:P CP. w. This milli col a Cppl~d Sr ~t~u~ P ID~tdr·Ud :(~IOll. U: BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 GR&DC ACTIVITIES RELATING MG;IOUP NEEDS /Th.L Ih~N iurr!i. I11 ~g..ir of the total GR&DC Work Prograr~ne that relate to the priority needs of the Group, as established at the conjoint R~D Conference and RAD/Marketing Conference, september, 1984 · O 199j Briirh kmun Trb:cLo CP. L~. Thil Jat ~oc ~ ~Piicd or lian w Fs;~~orid;~plu N BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 EWIKETIRG i R&D ACTIYITI WORK AREA · NEEDS BRANO REASSURANCE EFFICIENT UTIilSATrON OF NICOTINE · lnd 1 " Optimisatiaa of impact and sdtisRetiPn 03[02(1)] SMOKING PLEASURE " Smoke sensation enhancement from reduced RYO SATISFACTION levels of nicotine 03[02(b)l 1 Effect of pectins on free base nicotine levels and nicotine transfer efficiency oqol(a)l SMOKE QUALITY t Application of 'SHIP' technology to the Virginia market place o4[o2(a)l * Application of the SH11 apjroach to Bi~rley 104[01(b)! · Examination of the sensory structure of the Yest German market through the use of product 104[02(a)l maps CONSUMER DEMAND RESPONSIVE PRODUCTS s Project SMITH · IPTrs [npp, I: ,II] t Cigarette making technology 106C[10] 'Enhan~ed sensory filters 102t02] 1 Attitudinal research on perceived product benefits 1[516,13] "SUIRL" 'Prbject KILT IPns [Appl II 516,11] t Cigarette making technology 1060[04] t Enhanced sensory filters Oz[oz] · Psychophysical studies relating mouth level sensations to smoke flow patterns NOTE: PTTS is Product Technology and Technical Services, Cj d 1935 ari~irh k:c:i:~n kbf co CJ, Ird. ~hb mun not be ~pprd ~r Ihorn lp unallpnjrd p:~~nl fU BA'TCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 MaRKETING R10 ACTIVITY WORK AREA NEEDS BRAND REMSURMCE I EYRAICED ERPLYPUFfS and i "Project FELT (front end lift) Pm [Ipp, I/ 516.11~ SMOXIIG PlEASURE ~O SATISFACTION * Mechanisms and modetlins loz[o3(a)l ~ontd,) 'Cigdrette md~ng technolosy ~ac[olj 'Design factors affecting flavour transfer 104[02(a)I '"lindlng" volatiles to different parts of tobacco rod IOSC02(b)l ~ P~ehop~~cal studies r~allng cn~anced Pm primary puffs to product acceptability [516.13] OIY MOUTH dlD ~FTER·TASTE tAssessment of comnercial products (03[04] 1 Psyehophysical studies charaeterising P~S subjective features of after-taste C516113] INCREASED BODY/MOUTHFULL rSolokelsmoker interaction research 103 'P~chop~sical studies eharacterlslng PTTS subjective perception of mouthfull and [516~133 relating this to specific arte chemistry BERMOARMBLE PAPERS 'Utilisation for spin moulded filters and tlppings 106C[031 FUYOUR DEVELOPMENT · Identify and apply new flavoor materials PnS[S16.14] SMOKER MOTIVATION RESEARCH · Integration between marketiog and smoking behaviour research r 103[01(b)l e dl:libl kah· fo~a C~ ~d ~ mult la L ~i~ · Prl a ·*bon~ m~r. B~Co doeumant for Logal Senices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 PARKETII~ I RIO ACTI'IITI WORK PREA NEUI5 V~UE fOR MONEY ACCEPTABLE 9UALIiYI1OW COST (including higher profitabilityi * PreJecl RUGDY: lest market of produc's Hith RIP~ II high levels of expanded tobacco 6.11] 'Navei cigarette strtlctures 1060[01] IMPSOYE!IEBT OF LC# qLIALITY IOSdtCOS ~ Processing studies on Canadian allocated /06A[04] grades and other loH grade tobaccos 'Process equipneat Etucies )06A[03] Improvement of s:em taste and flavour /06A]03,04j 'Ose of dbienoi dxidat~on products as Oriental extenders and improvers 05101(b)l C Upgrading tobacco counteracting amino acid ·~~PiSY;9i~P""''" """,;,,,i,l, ,ililv IliY ' /01l6l(1)1 FEMALE SMOKERS CONSUMER RESEARCH STUDIES 'Contemporary segmentation development PTT5[516.i3] (attitudinal research) 03[01(b)] OPTIHtSATION OF " Measurement and optimisation of communication PRODUCT of blend image parameters at pack, point of COMMUNICATION sale and poster levels PTTS[S16.133 1 Development of methods for communicating innovative product concepts PTTSC516,13] O IPSJ Bnli~b k~n~~n TGlI::1 C0, L;d mn a~l no~ bt f~yird pr ~~o~un re un~ulhwi~ed ~:~RI. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~AAKETING I R&O ACTIlrITY IJORK AREA NEEDS PERSONAL SPECIFIC COMPOIENT REDUCTION REASSURANCE 'Project 10CO - low GO/tar ratio designs App. II ,I1] I Reduction of carbon ronoxide 106A[03(b)J 1 Novel cigarette technology (annulat, variable eomposi tionldensity, thermally modified, extrudedlfoamed ci garett es) 01] t Hechan'isms and modelling )02[03(a)] t Nitrosadne reduction · 1021:04] 10k' TAR RETENTION ·STUO'IES 'Exploiting current expertise to Investigate cigarette design parameters that influence retention 03[03[d)1 f Project LODOS: design of loH tar retention PTTSCApp. Il products 516l11] REDUCED BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY f Project RIG: Parameters affecting the 101[01(aJ(b)f biological activity of mainstream smoke 'Tobacco ~recesiing effects OSAIOll ~ Combustion effects 02[03(c)l " Novel fillers l0sc[o23 ~'lo?: Bariri jcr:ieJr T~~ca G Lsi. Toll aulr MI k ~'Opled p: r:FY1 to uhl~lhP"~d P(~0~5, h\ `C\ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~UIKETING I R&0 ACTIYITI WORK PREA NEEDS SOCIb IOw VISIBLE StDESTRE~ PRODUCTS REI~SSURANCE ~ Research (0z[ol(a)] ~ Paper development tin conjunction with PTfSEApp, I/ de Mauduit) and Product Development 516,11] 07[01(c)l · Nov~! cigarette technology osc[ol3 ARO~ MAfiKlh'G/MOOIFYrNG (SIOESTREAH A~ t Aroma and irritation improvement oe[ol(b)l t Project SIALEK4TE pn~A3p, ii 516,111 AMBIEBT STUDlES t Effect of new product developments on ambient smoke Ol(c)l · Detenination of particulate matter, nicotine and carbon monoxide in public places 02(a)l )Evaruating social reaction to passive s~nking 102(01]~ " Development of consumer product test methods for evaluation of reduced sidestream products IP~SCjl6~11] O 19SJ Bnlirb.lslcncln TF~~r:p Cs. 1IJ. T~in mun opt be :opitd ~r Il;a~un lp a~lu~iori~~d p~oou F\ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 PROOUtTIOn I R~a ACTIVITY W[IRK AREA HEEDS MATERIAL COST L~INA EXPANSION PROCESSES REDUCTION Economic and hazard assessment of neH GR~OC P~IS high·order expansion processes C516145l016j oi(a)3 I Support to DIEi exploitation PIIS [516l45,005] STEM EXPANSION 'Oeveiop simplified egtlipment (Siman tube/ PTTS STS variant) ~516.45,003] * Op;imlse Hambro fluid bed dSying PTTS [516145,003] 1III YlluI IMPROVEEIE~I (OTHLR THIN EXPRNSICNI t Apply basic studies on tobacco particle physics to: 1068[02] ~- optimise size reduction .bptimise drying f Mi~imise loss of filling value at the IPITS cigarette maker (516.45.012) CHEAPER FILTERS f Stem filters (Project FLISMET) IPTTS[App~ I/ 516,11 and 515,45.017] t Foam filters · 106C[02] ~ Polypropy~ene filters l06c[o23 S 198l Brililh ~~Ln;?n TSOSICb CO. L~i ~~il ~DUII not ~~ EOPiCJ Jt IhPvfi (p u.~g~d~rd p(~PI, h\ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 PRODUCTION R&0 ACTlYrIY WORK ~EA NEEDS MATERIAL COST NOVEL LOY UEIGHTILO# COST PROOUCTS REDUCTION (Contd,) * Eltrr-slim 06Cf03] Annular i Foamed t Geometric structures t Variable composition PROCESS COST FWIIERIRL PROOUCTIIIITY (~ASTE REOUCTIOII) REDUCTION t Identification of processing conditions which create dust 02] t Demonstration of benefits using secondary a~toslation techniques PTTS [516,45,0181 EQUIPMENT PROOUCTIVITY " Reducing cost of high humidity drying PTTS (516,45,016) 068[061 t Ipproring cigarette Pakiog mdehine PTTS efficiencies (secondary automation) (516,45,018) NOVEL PROCESSES i Stem shredding P~TTS (516.45,006] 06A[O3(b)l 'Small strips generation PiTS (516,45,011) * Fluidised bed drying of lamina 06AC03] t ner( lamina expansion processes 06A[02] t Stems Cutting 068[02] New machinery evaluations '' PTTS (516,45.015) r, O 198J 8nlllh Ameccm Tdb:C:3 Ca ~d Thil mull not k oirJ ~r I~o·n:o unsulhdrid pmont BATCb document far Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 PROJECTION R&O ACTLVITY WORK AREA NEEDS PHYSIBL 9UAIITY 'Gtlidelines for operating companies to maintain ends stability and cptimire fill 068[013 value i Identif~ing the effects of combinations of 068[01] physical factors when reducing cigarette density on -Firmness - Ends stability .Pressure drop · Hot collapse · Puff nulr$er · Codl/ash retention * Identifying the consumer view of the importance of cigarette physical properties 516.131 1 Reviewing firmness and density values throughout the group and competition · in order to rationblise density targets PITS[516.45] t Studying the relevance of existing test methods when a~plied to ultra-slim cigarettes 068[01] O 195J Be'4h Baan fp?~t;p CP. Lrd. RIII Odl n01 b~ (O)id Ot Iten fO YDJYOO~I~ p~Mnl. N BAfCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 S~W\TEG[C ReO ACTIVITY WORK AREA NEEDS SMOKIIG~ ANO REDUCED B[OLOGiCdl ACTIVITY HEALTH ~ ~i::ILA~ij::d~~ Hlnldq Y~tdl · /01 1 'Specific component reduction (see also 01 Marketing Needs - Personal Reassurance) C Measurement of metals in smoke Dl EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES f Anonlie: in cancer and heart disease ISmoking statistics Issues 'GeaSraFh'cal anomalies in disease statistics ~Smoking Issues MO~lrTOR~Nt TRENDS 1M SMOKING AND HEA1~H ISSUES " Test method development in anticipation of external pressures (07t02] t Smoking Issues Literature Review lSmoking Issues DEBELOPMEIT OF TESTS FOR MUTAGENICITY AMI CAICINUGENICITY · Test method development 'Molecular bioloW Smoking Issues CONSULTANCY ~Hr. P,N, Lee (Epidemiology) X Or, F,J.C. Rae (Toxicology) · Hr, B, Dean (Hutagenieity) 101 *Mr, O, Walker (Pathology) IOI e 193J Brililh k~:inn Tub~c;lCJ. ~d. Thil mull MI~ k solhd pr Ihnwn lp unluBonr~d yJon~. BATCD document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 STRA~G rC R~O ACT IY TIY WORK eROI NEEDS SMOKING AHD MON ITOR ING OF AOOIIIVES HEALTH (Contd.) " Examination of transfer and/or degradation Of flavour additives during smoking 04 'Toxicity of additives 01 PASS IVE SMOK ING/ANB TEK[ SMOKE f Increase understanding of properties of sidestream and amaient smoke 01 ". Wholebody dose estimates 03 I~TEilNAIIONAL RIR SPECIALIST 'AGP/MGP (including toxicology) k Independent Scientific CoMnittee (prdvision Of discussion documents Or topics Of current concern to the ISt) t CORESTA/ISO: Participation an committees f.Participation an Research Cor~nittee of the io~acco Advisory Council O 199J Bnllc~ bnele TPtxs Cs. L~d. Thll 3un a~ h qi~ or Itou;n ;o ualulhoriwd poonl. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 LEAF I R~D XCT!\IIT'I Y[lffK PEA NEEDS EXPENSIVE/LIMITED SVPP1Y Or FLAVOUR GRADES r Sro~e flavour enhancement for Tow flavour grades using (nJ First generation aminrl acidlanrnonial sugar reaction products o4[ol(a)l (bJ Cell transformation products 1"'011"" I (rl Irsl illv~ur iouii.lrrlali STOCK DURATION OPTIHIS~TIOrl 'Grade substitution f Additives to meet crop year variations f Maxinise flavourliillinS power in aging/ 05 processing LEAF CHE#[SIRY CONSTRAINTS t Utilisatioo of hi gh nt:rate Burley , 05 B:~W COSTS/TOBKCO UTILISATION * Minimise losses by prolejs o3tirnisation ~068[02] " Maximise gains by optimisation of Burley redrying conditions to encourage reaction flavour formation lo:Col] ? li181 n:;ur~.:·~:r;an ~·lbJi:·e Co. Ld, fhir mu;L nc~ be w7i:3 rr Jhovn Io Ee:Fle~ld ywoL h' BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 I · _I UORK AREA OI B ~OLOGICAl RESEAP~ ~I C O 03 I~ ~ lel? e-i:1!;-:l:la 53::? C~ i;! i~il,~l: ·4 h;Prl:d frdc.t.dr.nl,rlir: ;n;.. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA 01 BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP LW)ER: G~ SMITH TOTAL STAFF; 3 Graduates BUDGET: r9C6,000 Ill Assistants EKTER~~ CORTltACTS: 105,000 sbr · 20X AFFECTI~IG THEI I TESTS BIDIOGICK ACTIVITY OF M~1INS~REb~ IOX SMOIE Project P,IO] I 1_102(a Mutallenici Cigarette I Lloz construction I ) tBiochemi 3S: 5', Glib) I Iluz(e Cigarette In~alation conocs'tion BATCo document for Legal Services : Heath Canada 19 May 1999 UORK AREA: 01 RESEARCH 1~NIZGER: C,I, AYRES GROUP LEADER: G, SMITH BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH STRATEGIC OBdECTIYES: To assess in quantitative terms the biological activity of cigarette mainstream and sidestredmldmbient smoke and to be in a position to evaluate critically the significance of product modifications, Whilit rel3gniiing the s~ed reduction in tlr deliveries, IdvirPrl bodies such as the Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health suggest that attention should be paid to the pudlitative aspects of smoke i,e, its specific biological activity, The major effort of the biological programoe addresses this problem with Project RIG, Here the main screening test is the Ames test for mutagenicity; it is prudent, however, to evaluate products using a number of tests, Consequently 2(1', of the ptagrarrme ensures that a range of relevant tests Is available. It is significant that the P~Jfies test is capable of distinguishing brands and could, therefore, form th~ basis for a biological league table, Given that this may occur (either by a competitor or an adversary) it is essential to be in a position to ensure a favourable position of the Company 's products, Practical experience in biological research enables two subsidiary hut essential needs to be met, (a) Ensuring that significant product changes an acceptable to legislation, (b) Refuting exaggerated statements on the possible effects of smoking and SmOL~ exposure. The latter applies especially to sides:ream/ an~bient sloke and to a lesser extent the significance of any possible difference between human and machine smoking, C i 9.F: Snl:rh A~~ai·~n Tct~so Co. L~c. nhil mull no~ k copid or I~pun ;o.L;uiaPnxG hln~ll. BATCo document for ~egal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK ARE~: 01 PROJECT TITLE COMMENT OH AIM OF WORK 01 PARMIETERS AFFECTING THE I To quantify the mat n physi cal and BIOI(TC;ICAI ACll?li'raF chemical parameters that influence MINS7AEAM SMOKE the biological activitl of s;aoke~ 1Projecl~BIO]~ (a) Cigarette construction (b) Cigarette composition a 198J Orilba ~n:::~~ Tohc~ C3.:Ld ~hi~ 111111001 be eopi~C or Ilan to yOuriPrllrj ~Onl· ~ BATCo document far Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS AND TIMESCA1ES ~oliowing a completed survey of a range of cigarettes, attention will focus in the early part of 1985 an circumference - including the ultra-slim products, Later in the year ventilation will be examined, including the evaluation of the different methods employed to dilute snoke~ A comparison of air- and flue-cured lamina and stem wilt be made during the mid-part of 1985, in particular Burley tobacco and stem will be examined since these products have high levels of nitrate. Towards the end of 1985, Burley tobacco will be examined in more detail by evaluating the influence of heat treatment on specific biological activity, We shall continue to discuss our work with external consultants - Dr, F,J,C, i(oe, Mr, B, Dean and Mr, O, Walker, @ IPS1 8~1ilb AE:nr~e Tobacco Co. L;3. h 7ua m~ ~ cPpitl w rhnue io unsulhorirrl pmonr. BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA: 01 PROJECT TITLE CO~HS ON AIM OF WORK SHORT·TERM TESTS It is unsound to rely on any one assay - the selected use of a battery test approach is more reliable, The aim is to have available a number of relevant tests that together provide a solid base for evaluating products, (a) Mutagenicity Whi ist recbgnising that the pjnes test is the most commonly used screening test for chemicals etc, others tests must be available, (a) Blothen~irtry Lny or tie comlouodr in smke an only active following interaction with the body's enzyme systems, Examination of specific enzyme systems is thought by some experts to offer a test relevant to cardndgeoicity, (e) ILlation Existing inhalation equipment may not be wholly suitable for evaluating modern cigarettes, This needs to be rectified, O 191: Endfh ~t3~iCJII TPbate~ a. L~d. Thil mu,l aol be m~Ld sr IIPvn !3 ~~lullJnlid r~MI. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS AND TIMESCA1ES the evaluation of a nun~er of assays based on yeast nill have been completed in-house by the Spriog,of 1985, R mammalian cell a~utagenldty assay is to be examined under contract using a range of experimental products, This work will continue until late 1985, ihl infiantl :ha: dlflertnt dsigni of dgarPttci haua on mlyne lersil will Le evaluated throughorrt 1985, In parallel, a study will be made of selected enzyme systems that can detoxify foreign compounds. During the year a prototype inhalation machine capable of covering a wide range of rmoiting parameters will be constructed, An assessment of sidestream and ambient smoke will be undertaken, fhe possible use of "pre·treatedu rats in a promoter type study will be Investigated early in 1985, ·1 i91J Bnlirh Anaun TPtX:ICP. Ld.fhil mu~l npl k Eopi!l ~r Ibo~un to u8dwi~id paonl. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 Yay 1999 UORK PaEA 02 SMOKE RESEARCH BATCo document for Legal Services: Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK R~ 02 5MOKE RESE#tH GROUP 1~ER: R.R. 1~8 mTAl Saff: 7 Graduates BUDi~: E1,38r,000 12 Aislstants EXTERNAl eORT~CTS: 23 ,000 3b1 24 34 ISIOEST~ SRKi SENSORY fOR~IOI FI~ERS 101 51 15: a) I I 102(a) I . I luj (a Yisibill~ r J_IFiltration J_IMechanls~ ~cbani sin 101 10X 15X I I IModel ii 01(~ Aroma and Novel filters irritation 5r 101 C~ustfdn - biological c) · linteraction lent smoke and passive smoki d r~ E~~ ~==;! !fr~ r;. ~? ~d ~·: ~I t:' 3;d JT tO~? ;3 =It~j~ ~~31 BATCo doelasnt for Lid Servicas : Hs~t~ Cllldl 18 rlr 1898 WORK AREA: 02 RESEARCH MANAGER: C,1, AYRES GROUP LEADER: RIR, BAKER SMOKE RESE~9CH STRA~EGIC CaJECTIVES: To quantifg the physical and chemical processes which contribute to the levels Of substances in mainstream, sidestrean and ambient smoke - as a basis for designing and developing new products, The basic icfonatioo produced by these studies will be continually assessed for the design implications of new products, and win be eorrPnunicated rapidly to operating companies and the ProduCt Applications Group for practical exploitation, Not detailed here but also included in this blork Area.are the following projects: (a) Basic studies on filtration, combustion, aerosol formation and chemical mechanistic aspects of Project SHIP. (b) Chemical mechanistic investigations of carbonyl and amine reactions as a basis for chemical blending and reducing mainstream irritation. (cJ Methodological develofnte~t of consumer product test methods far evaluation of product developments using fitters which modify smoke flow patterns, (d) Oevelop;nent of consumer product tests for evaluation of reduced sidestream products, with particular emphasis on the effects of ComnuniCation variables on consumer responsiveness to the product and with the ultimate aim of developing models to predict likely market success in particular marketslsegments and conunication scenarios. O 19SJ aal:s ~mrs~n TPb~e:o Ca i::. Dir null not k copitd u Ihovn to unlurharud ~r~n~ N BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA: 02 PROJECT TIAE COmENI ON AIM OF WORK 1)1 I SIOESTRWM SMOKE To provide methods for the development of cigarettes with reduced/modified sidertream and a~ient smore. (a) Visibility To quantify how paper characteristics and cigarette construction and properties affect sidestream emission, and how they MY be utitised to reduce visibility. (b) Arena and irritation To determine the important factors which cause sidestream irritation, and to develop methods to reduce irritation and improve aroma, O I111 Brililh ~~r.;:~ hhr;s Cn tr:. Thir na~ nOlk ropid w Ibo*n I~ ~BUlhpl;lld ~apPJ. 03 BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ___ XET TASKS MO TIMESC~LES Work will continue Into 1985 on relating the thermal decomposition properties of papers, reactive fillers and additives to sidestre3m ~cneration, Fin relationships should be available by mid-198j, and the opcimum combinations for visibility reduction will be tested In the latter part of 1985. The most proPinnE papers uill be developed further, jointly with P~pcte~es de Mauduit and the product Applications Group on an on-going basis. A systematic study will be made during:he first partof 1985 of the effects of cigarette construction Idiameter, packing density, cuts per inch, paper pe~eability) on sidestream emission. Optimum conventional cigarette desian cancepts for ~~~;i~ reduction Mill be available by the end of. 1985. U~t~ on the assessment of novel cigarette designs (coaxfal, variable density, COOFVAt) will begin during the second quarter of 1981. This will include co~ination with low vf ribilIty si destream papers, Work on the role of nicotine, smoke ph and vapour phase components an irritation, especially eye irritation, will comnence in 19851 "Paper ph" effects on sidestream irritation will continue into 1985, and both should SE complete by ~id·1985 . The design potential of thi s approach will then be reviewed. Work on combining paper effects an visibility and irritation will be initiated in the latter part of 1985, The short prograMne of work In 1984 to use ameliorants modifying smoke and butt area will be extended: in early 1985 objective and subjective techniques will be developed to assess how smoke and butt aroma change with time, - The use of additives to tobacco, filtir and papers (incTudiag sugars and fruit extracts produced by Souza Cruz) as a means of modifying arena, Hill be assessed In the first part of 198S.'The mechanism by which such additives work will be established, e,g, chemical modification or simple masking. Work on detenining the important parameters in eye irritation will he initiated; the advice of an external consultant Hill be sought. 3 mP ~10 Apli~ ~X· iP ~d hi 0·I ·( ~ $~~ · Ibl I Yllb~ pi BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 UORK REA: 02 PROJECT TILlE CORWT ON A~M OF blORK 01 1 (c) I~nbient smoke and passive ~ To study the build up of ambient smoking smoke in the GRaDC environmental rooms as a function of cigarette, smoking and environmental factors, To study the effect of sidestrebm on human performance, arousal, attitude to the smoker and annoyance. O IP8J Bruilh Am~r~~ Tob~e~o CP tfd. Thil mw~ npl Sr epird pr !ho~n to ~nJwlorir~d pnpru. h) BATCo document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TMxs MD lLMESCAtES ~ The study will continue throughout 1985 and w~l include the most promising lo~ sidestream design concepts fro (a) and (b), A simple computer model of dicnt r~te build up will be developed in the latter part of 1985, so that the effects of uslng low-sidestream cigarette designs in particular environments (air90rt lounges, trains etc,) can he predicted. A consultant will Le appointed by nid·1985 to examine the role of huildin9 design and ventilation in reducingleliminating the social problems associated with passive smoking, Implications and model predictions from the environmental room studies will form a key input to the design Jpceificatfons, A report is currently under issue describing studies luppartfng the hypothesis that It Is the smoker rather than the chemical status of the smoke itself which plays the key role in decermining nan-rskers psyohophyriological response to the passive s~o~ng situations. Throughout 1985 tne work will be extended to consider the following variable effects on the phenomena: (a) The smoking manner (i.e. courteous v discourteous), (b) Oegree to which the oP~s~ker has perceived control in the situation, (e) Effect or same and different sexed pairs of smokers v non-smokers, (d) physical attractiveness of the smoker, O Hb~ bitl hm~ ahep ca U nk nar or he oi~ a ~I·I D ·rlaY ~opr BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 Yay 1999 WORK AREA: 02 PROJECT TITLE COHHENT ON AIH OF WORK 02 EN~NCEOSENSOIIY~ · I To obtain design criteria supportive ~I of the development of new filter conceptSI (a) Filtration mechanism To determine the effects of characteristics of smoke particles, filtration media and flow on the filtration mechanism, (b) Novel filters I To improve the consumer acceptance of low delivery products by: ~ (1) df rect enhancement of the flavour and sensory effect of a given quantity of smoke (II) development of products that are responsive to the consun#r's demand for differing levels of satisfaction delendin~ upon his need (Consumer·Oemand Responsive Products), d 198J Briih ~enimn tub3eFo Ca M ~j nun na k Eoplcd pr liow~n D ~au~a:K1 ~wel. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 ~ay 1999 _~C~ tEY A~S AhO ~I~ESULES York will continue into 1985 into determining filtration parameters using sy~thede aeros~s of sped ne pa~f de ~as. In the second qulner of 1985 the effects of smoking conditions on particle sizes at the filter will be determined, and in the latter part or 1985 tne implications concerning selective filtration of specific particle sizes will be sought, Filtration efficiencylvelodty relationships for different filter types will be incorporated into the filter design computer model during the second quart~r of 1985, as a means of fully investigating all the implications of the work, Smoke swirl produces an enhanced taste effect; the reasons are not understood. Using an artificial mouth, technioues will be developed in the first part or 1985 to measure particle sires, concentration growth, pH and vapour concentration at different positions in the mouth. Measurements should be available by the end of 1985, and will define the criteria for enhanced sensory filters. In the middle part of 1985, vidrolcdaputer techniques will be developed to quantify smoke swirl, If successful, these HiIl be used to correlate smoke patterns and sensory evaluation by the beginning of 1986. Hand-made filters to produce particular smoke patterns will be made throughout 1985, and the most promising designs developed further by Novel Cigarette Technology (Work Area 05C) and Product Applications Group, Similarly, applications of computer models will be used throughout 1985 to investigate design criteria for Consumer Oemdnd Responsive products, Hand·m~de version of the potential practical designs will be assessed experimentally and the most promising developed further, O Al: 3rb~ ~cdPI T3~CO CL ~. ~Y1 I·I LA k ·jld I Ib·l D r*ldld yPa BAT()o document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~1_L~ WORK AREA: 02 PROJECT TITLE I· COHHENT ON AIM OF WORK 03 SMOKE FORMAT1OH To quantify the key processes during smoke formation, and to use this I nf ormati on ~ for desi gni ng new cigarettes, (a) Mechani srs To determine the effect of combustion characteristics an smoke aerbsal, formation, properties and growth; and the formation of nitriC oxide, hydrogen cyanide and annnonia, (b) Modelling To use computer models of the burning cigarette to predict practical cigarette designs, ~ IPF~ ?-lic~ bci:m Tcb~·:a C0. 1IC. fhil md( rml be copied or rhauln c3 unulo~d pno~ CD BATCo document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1949 KEY TASKS ANO TIMESCAIES Probe studies will start in 1985 to determine aerosor particle characteristics taj as the forming smoke travels out of the combustion Zone, through the cigarette and into the sidestream plume, and (h) throughout the puff, The effects of burning Zone temperature and ventilation levels will also he considered, The implications for tobacco rod filtration, especially in novel cigarette designs (e,g, coaxiali will be'assessed in the lat:er part of 1985. Studies will be undertaken during the middle part of 1985, using synthetic aerosol generators, in which relationships will be sought between aerosol properties (size, pH, chemical composition) and taste perceptioo~ The implications of the results will be combined with the smoke results to provide design implications by early 19BS~ Computer simulation work nill be initiated in early 1985, jointly with 8RT Hamburg, to assess how far the classical: theories of stable aerosoi growth apply to cigarette smoke particles, Pyrolysis of tobacco spiked with nitrogen·~5 labelled compounds will be studied in mid-1985, and the formation of the components as a function of air through the coal in the latter part of 1985, Fowation and transmission parameters Hill be incorporated inl6 the Puff·by·Puff model in early 1986. The updated Puif·by·Puff and Multicell nodels will be used In early 1985 to examine the design and human saoking implications for, inter·alia, cigarettes with flatter delivery profiles (Project FELT) and ultra-slim cigarettes~ Amalgamation of the Puf~·by-Puff model with the Hamburg filter design model will be undertaken during 1985 as a joint project with Hamburg · completion October 19851 The full design Implications for human ~moking, novel filter, and smoking profiles will then be examined in early 1986, the Multicell model will conh'nue to be used to test the viability If new filter c~ncepts and manufact?riag tlerances during the first part of 19e5 In addition, new developments to the model will be tested in the middle part of 1985, including filtration efficiency relationships. The burning Zone models Hill be used in early 1985 to predict design criteria for optimising burn rates, This data should be available by nid·1985, incorporation of mass transfer process into the model to enable application to nicotine transfer will occur in the latter part of 1985. O 191: Bnli~a kr·~· Tp~e:o CP LI1. fhil 3ui( ·dl k rop;(d W Ihat~ a uns;h~rii~d ~EIIPnr. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK RPEA: 02 PROJECT TITLE COMMENT ON AIM OF WORK 03 (c) Combustion - biological Part of Project RIO, in which interaetion relationships will be sought on the effect of characteristics such as tem3efature, burn rate and extent of burning zone on the biological activity of smoke, O 199L British ~ml~un ~9hr;D CP. Ltd T~I1 mwl not k eopitd pr Shown to unlulhorired p~Mn;. n) BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS ANO TIEESCALES Systematic measurements will be made during 1985, using series of cigarettes in which parameters such as circumference and paper permeahility are varied, The position will be reviewed in late 1985. Other combustion characteristics will be considered during 1986, as and when necessary, depending on the success of the initial coa~ustion·biologicai activity relationships. E (P?1 Grcuh ~mL·riun T~b:eo Cs. !IJ. nll 3Ell nhl ~ ~011~6 or liorn 10 uuuLni~~d plrlan~. n! BATCo document for legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~ WORKA~EA:02 PRdlECT TITLE COMMENT. ON GIM OF WORK OP I NITROSPMINES To provide basic information on the formation of nitrosamines in tobacco and smoke, as a basis far suggesting practical means of modifying the Icvels~ This is sub·divided into three aims, running together: (a) To determine bow tobacco processing conditions can affect nitrosamine levels in tobacco - inter alta, to attempt to understand competitor blend and processing practice through ni trosami no studi es. (b) To determine the kinetics of nitrosamine formation during tobacco curing, staring and combustion, including model 'studies. (c) Model studies to identify the key chemical factors involved in nitrosamine formation, their reaction times and the effects of catalysts and inhibitors, c 198J Brid~ hcpiu~ T~aro Q L;]. Ttil muC a,l br a~;d sr Ibrl to ·e:-:hurir~d ~Knonr. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS AND 'IIHESW\1ES The next phase of this work will use the tobacco processing cylinder (Vork Area 04) to subject Burley and Virginia tobacco mixtures to a range of temperatures, residence times and humidities, and to assess the effect on resultant nitrosamine levels, Concurrently, competition cigarettes will be examined for their nitrosamine levels, These studies will be completed by mid-198S. Hypotheses concerning competitor processing techniques will be formulated and tested using the processing cylinder in the latter part of 1985, Tobacco samples Freeze-dried at various stages during the curing of U,S, virginia and Burlcy tobaccos will be analysed for nitrosamines and nicotine, alkaloids and nitrates, Results will be available by mid·!985, and will indicate the important curing stages when nitrosarnines are generated, During the first part of 1985 the effects of sn;clring, combustion, and storing conditions on nitrosamines will be evaluated, To provide a chemical franeworl: for the interpretation of (a) and (b), throughout 1985 model experiments will be conduced in which mixtures of possible nitrosdmine precursors are added to cellulose or de-nicotinated tobacco. These will include nitrates, nitrites and alkaloids. The systems will simulate caring and combustion, The kinetics of nitrosamine formation Hill be determined, As a result of (a), (h) and (c), reconrmendations for the mininisation of nftrPsdmine levels Hill be made in late 1985. O :vBJ Bli~lh k~ti;n;ob3e:P Cs. ~. ~Ths murt w iK iopid ~r;hP~vn to Enlu:hori~~d pmcnr, BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 11999 UORK AREA 03 SMOKER BE~AVIOUR .- .,. C 2 IT?·: !::;I;~ ~l::c~:n~ T3tl::I i:~. L: i;lil 2*TI ·N :I :3Fld ill la~iun 13 'LUU~Lnl;lCd ~:I~T. Ir: BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 blORK PREA 03 SMOKER BEHA~ICUR GROUP LE~OER: GIA, REAO TOTAL STAR; 6 Graduates 6 Assistants BUDGET; f995,000 EXTERNAL CONTRACTS: 165,00'3 2b~ 30", 353 15: I 01 910KEI~ 02 NICOTlrJE 1 104 of~u Elooia BEH~Y~OUR i I R~TE~T~DH I ANO AS AN liO I MOOIFICATIONI ~ ) AFTESTASTL TO MARKfT1Nrs 10: 1 102(a Optimisation of I 103(a I I limpact and I LJLow tar To improve the satisfaction via I I-lretention studies lity of i I Inicatine snaking beiibriour information 152 15X 101 Maintenance of Smoke component adequate impact andl I_ldistribution and satisfaction at I ~ )dep,,sition in the motivation reduced nicotine I ,Ithe 1 research and levels contem~orar~ segmentation looment BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 )IORK AREA: 03 RESEARCH MANAGER: C,I, AYRES GROUP LEADER: G,A`, REAO SMOKER BEBAY~OUR STRATEGIC OBjEtTIVES: io provide Marketing with a deeper understanding of the interaction of the product with the smoker to achieve: - a quantitative estimate of the main falters that influence a smoker's response to cigarettes of different design or construction, - novel products wltn demonstrably reduced retention properties and/or improved smoking characteristics. The research will determine the nature of the interaction of the product with the consumer to identify the basic elements of product acceptability and satisfaction, Specifically, this will be used to identify and maximise the Contribution of nicotine to satisfg the smoker's needs and to assist in the development of satisfying products from a lower tar base, This objective will be achieved through smoke quality enhancement based on chemical and physical changes and/or a modification of smoice retention characteristics, In addition to the current major thrust of research detailed below, fundamental research is being conducted in the following areas: - investigation of the smote-smoker interaction to establish the relationship between the physical and chemical nature of the aerosol, its interaction with the respiratory surface and the associated sensory response, - research to establish objective measures of a smoker's psycholooical profile and state in relation to the timing. and frequency of the specifre snoking event, ~- development of techni~uei to characterise the ambient smoke dose in relation to time and level of exposure, 5 IY:l ?;::;~~ tn:jn T~h:i:J Co. L;C.'(hil mull ndr a ~o)ird ~ riro~un to unrlhoril;d ~~ue. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~31 ~tK AREA: 03 PR03ECT TITLE COMMENT ON AIM Of WORK Or SMOKING BEHAVIOUR AS AH AIO To improve the ii nk between market r0 ~PIKETING and scientific research to identify factors that influence consumer behaviour in relation to brand choice, (a) To improve the quality of Arising from the Montreal Snoking sating behaviour i nf owati on Behaviour conference, then is a need to examine the range of current techniques used for smoking behaviour monitoring and to determine their inter·telationship with the aim of Improving the extent to which consumer behaviour can be determined, (b) Smoker motivatldn research TD'develop a greater interaction and contemporary segmentation between market research and devel opnent scienti fi cally based behavioural research to provide a focus and direction for fundamental research, In collaboration with Psychology Group, ·to develop market segmentaticn strategies based on motivations and attitudes which are predictive of smoker behaviour in the market place. O tYB~ Ui~ knmnn r~bxr~ Ca L~d,~ir mu~l nM tt NPlld UI limr::3 cnLlford~d pnnnl. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY 13SKS AND frMESCAIES In the first half of 1985, to review to the techniques currently in use within the Group for determining smoker behaviour. Following this review, a collaborative prograwe of work will be identified based on market research methodologies and behavioural monitoring techniques to examine consumer behaviour in relation to brand choice, By early 1985, a series of collaborative st;dies with ~nartet researchers will be initiated, aimed particularly at chardcterising the basis for brand choice and likely switching pattern. These collaborative studies will provide a natural base for quantifying how products can satisfy a smoker's psychological needs and expectations. II population of U:X, smoicers has been segmented in tens of attitlldes to sMting and health, social pressure and price sensitivity, and the relationship between these attitudes and guittinglsuitching behaviocrs will be modelled, During 1984 and first half of 1985 these segments will be examined for possible existence of consistent I~o~ing behaviour styles which may also correlate predictively to quitting, switching and brand choice. Then will be close collaboration with the consumer segmentation studies of 8AICF, A similar approach Hill be taken in 1985 using life style variables, the validity of which are currently being assessed. ~It is anticipated that specific emphasis will be put on understanding female smoker motivation, given the increasing role of the latter in world marketsl - -- 0 198J Onr~k~ kn~rinn Tubsco Ca lid, Thi~ nun Mt k;opkl wlovn to Ilautho~~d pnool. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK PjlEA: 03 PROJECT tmE COMMENT ON AIM OF WORK 02 liIOOtINF · I Nicotine is central to product acceptabi lity and satisf acti on. The work Is specifically aimed at maximising the positive attributes of nicotine within the smoking process. (a) Dptfmisat'on of Impact and to underpin the practical cigarette satisfaction via nicotine design capabilities (to be examined by product Applications Group) by clarifying the consumer response to changes in the absolute dose of nicotine and the level of fne~ase nicotine, (b) Maintenance of adequate To identify the extent to which impact and satisfaction at nicotine effects, either as part reduced nicotine levels of product acceptability assessment or overall satisfaction, can be substituted or enhanced by other components, 3 199L 9-lith Amai~~n Toblc;o Co, L~a thir ;lull not it Eopml Pr shown to unJori~d p~lonl, rU BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY Ti~KS ANO TIMESWES During early 1985, by using hamburg expertise, an experimental product series will be made which have fixed tar deliveries with step differences in nicotine Tevels~ In addition, the cigarettes will be suitably modified to achieve a range of smoke pH profiles. By mid-85 these experimental products will be used to detenine immediate consumer acceptability and satisfaction in terms of subjective assessment and longer ten satisfaction; the findings will be interpreted in terms of wholeSody dose estimates, During the first part of 1965 a suitable range of sensory materials will be identified, By mid-1985 exposure systems and/or modified products will be available to assess the ability of these components to produce or modify smoke sensations, Note: ihe longer ten research Includes the evaluation of techniques to establish Iji~significance of absolute and changing brain concentrations of nicotine in relation to cigarette usage, ~ '.::: ':..';i' L-~::· -.'1::' i:? i::. ni~ t·e bl ~ cgp;r~ P,hnsn 16 u~~ullwird :cnr~ \D BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA: 03 PROJECT TITLE 1 , COMMENT ON AIH O~ WORK 03 SMOKE RETENTION MOOIFICATION The ability to reduce the retention of smoke particuldtes in the lung could provide new marketing opportunities, la~ low tar retention studies To exploit current measurement expertise to determine;he cigarette design parameters which influence' retention, (b~ Smoke component distribution To;neasure smte eompaneat and deposition in the lung distribution and deposition Within the respiratory system to ful,fil two criteria: (i ) to establish the mechanisms for modifying specific smoke component retention and (ii) to provide data for external medical endorsement of the concept of low retention products, ~ 1981 British kuum T3b~~~ C3. 1~1. ~lhil mUII nMk: copied or ]hnv,n Ic un~tllhwh~d yaonr. Q BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS PJ~O TIMESCALES By Iaid-1985 the effect of smoke dose, tobacco blend and fi i trationlventi latipn style on particulate retention Hill be established, During late 1985 the identified cigarette design parameters that influence particutate retention nill. be used in eoebination~with Product Applications Group to develop and evaluate prototype low retention products, The significance of the observation that products from Raryland tobacco have reduced retention characteristics nill be assessed, if feasible, using epidemiological data from the Swiss market, External studies Hill be initiated in 1985 to detewioe the specific deposition and clearance of smoke components within the respiratory airway. Radio·labelling will be used, and the results Hill be related to the physical and chemical characteristics of the aerosol. O lil: Bnulh Itnmem TOb1f:3 CR ~L:Thll mull not k ropild dr Iho*n to unJulho~il~ pnans C BATCo document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA: 03 PROJECT TI~E COMMENT OH A~M OF WORK 04 ORY MOUTH AHD AFtER-TASTE Some nodero ion delivery products have been associated with the negative attributer of InaUth dryness and poor arter·taste characterfstics, The major thrust of this new area of work is to identify the effect of smPte· dose and quality on dryness and after·taste and to detenine the significance for product developn~nt. p lgsJ Bnti~h Amlri~n TO$PO Ca. L~C Thit mull rmt k cPpird or lo~n to un~ulPr:~~d ~~u?~ BATCo document far Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 __ __ tEl 18~ ANO TIIESQLES. ~~lni~~lelngc~trcd~ p~.~~n hiv( ho Iln~~ which demonstrate clear]r the phenomenon o: dry mouth and poor Iftcr-tartc, By mld·85, techniques nill be evaluated to quantify the degree of salivation induced by r~tfng and used to dltprmine whether salivation rate Is directly Ifn~~ with the dry mouth syndrome. _ ---- b lDJJ Idl k~b Toh~l II lid Pk rl ·I ~ JP1 or ID·n is ·~~~~3 gns BATCo dooumont for Looal glnker : Hoalth Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA 04 TOBACCO TREATME~IT IPC: Srvi~~iuss;~ Ca ~f. Tai: hU:: nCi :( CO,i!? El ib'. :P llldl:li,:? ;e:Jr.i. .··~-~ BATCa document far Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KORK AREA 04 ros~zc~Eo mlEAi~ST GROUP LEADER: R,A, CRELIIN TOTAL~ STAFF: 5 Graduates BUOGEi: 1692,000 5 Assistants EXTERNAL CONTRACTS: 10,000 60X ~· 40: ~T1~AV~O~RI~I 102 "Projeet GENERAIIOH DORInG PROCESSING 25r 25I oia SBIP Ol(d kino acidslsuors 15', 25X I 102(b Ol(b au~l Olic Sulohur ccmoounds BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 lay 1999 WORK AREA: OQ RESEARCH ~NAGER: G,I, AYRES GROUP 1EAOER: RIA, CRE11IN TOBACCO TREATMENT STRATEGIC OB~ECTIIES: To identify, investigate and implement the technology of smoke sensory enhancernentlolodi fication, through a prograrpne involving preferred chemical changes induced during processing of tobacco, The programme of this new Uork Area responds to areas of priority identified at the Research Conference and at the 3une Programme Review Heeting, i.e, dc~r ex~l~itatipn of Ihe ~nowle~ge giinrd under ProjKt SHIP and a more direct application of the past exploratory work on the chemistry of tobacco processing. Consequently, it was thought beneficial to conibine elements of the previous Flavour Group with those of Process Chemistry since Ia) processing is an inherent part of SHIP-style exerciser and (bJ previous work on the sensory aspects of smoke can provide clearer targets for the direction of research on process chemistry, Close liaison will be maintained with FTavour and BiOteChnology (Uark Area 05) · Which carries the main responsibility for the evolvement of new flavour additives - and with Process Technology (Work Area 06A), which is responsible for new process equipment. Although not detailed here, certain aspeets of the previous progra~ne Hill be completed in early 1985. An example is the flavour transfer evaluations for BU using radio-labelled materials to identify degradationlreaction products on combustion, : 19Y1 nrllilh ~Rcrl:ln 6F~~ca';l L;J ~ni~;nua not ~;s)lrd ~r shovn:p ~nlll!or:li! ymn~ C BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 IIORK PREA: 04 PRdlECT TITLE COEV~NT. OH AIM OF wORK 01 FLAVOUR GEERATION · ) To generate nitrogen and sulphur heterocycTic ftavours which are suspected to contribute base notes required to complement terpencid· derived top notes, (a) kino acidslsugars Laboratory studies of the amino acid/sugar reactions will provide guidance to the Burley Processing studies (Project Ol(b)). (b) Burley processing The work win use the flexible Tobacco Processing Cylinder to investigate priority needs of operating companies, (c) SuT phur compounds I Little is known concerning the role of sulphur compounds in the generation of smoke fldvour, however, well known in the Flavour Industry that these compounds exert powerful effects, D 198J Btilh ~mtion Tob#a C0. ~LC. 'Ihil ~nUII IlO(k (UIIPd w Ihoun to umulhorircd p~non* C BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1399 KEY T~KS AND TIMESCALES The technique of NMR enables a new thrust in this area, Using the technique as a diagnostic tool with a range of different amino acid/sugar systems at various temperatureltimelnoisture conditions, it should be possible to study the initial Steps in tobacco fldvour generation, The formation of reaction products will be monitored, and the technique will aid their identification, Products will be sya~hesired and their performance assessed by add·back to CiglreiM. R preliminary review is tdrgetted for June 1985, The pilot-scale 8urley processing studies dim to convert part of the redryer into a favour forming step (amino acids, munonia and sugars), Mapping of both the experimentally·modified Burleys and blended products containing them is a key element of Project SHIP (Project 02)1~ fhe first and second quarters of 1985 should see completion and reporting of tests on 88~w Burley blends to improve sn;oking quality, It is suspected that compounds in this class are utilised by competition; · Marlboro in particular has been mentioned, In view of the high potency of sulphur flavour compounds, only s;nall amounts will be present on products, Consequently the first task will he the development of adequate isolation and · analytical techniques, These are anticipated by mfd-1985, By year-end, the techniques will have been applied to own and competitor brands together with representative grades of major tobacco types, so that the role of sulphur compounds can be understood in terms of natural and added components, An assessment will also be made of the desirability of studying the effects of process changes on sulphur chemistry, ~ 1?2: B~lira ~~aic~n:~n~r~ Cp i:~ i':t t~SI Ill'l~e cllnid ~x c~~oa'n :::~ll~··r~ef ·:·~··· BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA: 04 PROJECT TILlE I CDM~EM ON AIM OF UORK 02 "Pmject SHIP" (a) Yirginia SrlIP To exploit the Project SHIP experience in other markets of major importance to BPJ to generate and identify product opportunities, (b) Mapping techniques Flngerptintinglmapping techniques are evolving as valuable aids to understanding the complexity of smoke and tobacco, : 199~ erjilh ~~n~ticm t3blra CP Ld. ~b mul: not k raped cr Ihaun 0 unabwrbed ~n~nl. BA~Co document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS ANO 1IMESCALES By the start of 1985, one, or possibly two Virginia markets will have been identified and objectives described for a major SHIP·type examination, This may involve Internat'onal Brands andlor a domestic market. The use of rapid spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and XRF) will enable product laps to be generated and evaluated within d months. As in Project SHIP, the focus will then be upon the positioning of new land repositioning of existing) products, Additionally, within 1985 1 SHIP·type assessment of the West German market nill be conducted with a view to mapping its cnemical and sensory structure, In the current FTIR mapping technique, the key information Is obtained from only a narrow part of the complete IR spectrum, During 1985 it should be possible to use a simpler Instrument and release the FIIR to explore the application of the technique to problems associated with dry authlafter-taste and sidestream aroma/ irritdtibn, Subfractionation of sensor'cally potent extracts of tobacco or smoke could lead to fingerprinting techniques of more direct relevance to subjective assessment of flavour, Hork on improving taste and flavour of low quality grades, in response to the needs of Canada and Germany, is targetted for rid-1985 through to the end of the year and refined tecnni~ues would be particularly useful, -- 3199~ Sr,~irh k~nun TPba;~ tJ. L~, bi~ "ull nn~ tt;:el:i! ~~r Itr.n'::: ~~.'~"·~'':"~-~ C' BA~TCo document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 blORK R"REA Oj FYYOI ANO BIO'litHI;OLOGI -~cc" BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA 05 ~LAVOUR ANO BIOIECHNOLOGY GROUP IUDER: T,G, MITCHELL TOTAL STAFF: 3 Graduates 8UOGil: fS939000 4 Assistants EXTERNAL CONIRAGTS: 3P,000 56: 50: flA CHEMISTRY B~OTECH~D1OGY 30~ · 1 25', Pectins · [ICeli transformation 20X Abienol I i 102(b oxidation · Iliosy_nthe~ F 19j1 3~:11:le~:::~ Tlf:::, i~ I;i 3H al: no!:c:c;ld Cr laDY'I:5 :'3;1t3P.f;rl 7::b1'j. W BATCo document far Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 UORK AREA: 05 RESEARCH MANAGER: C,II AYRES GROUP LEADER: T,GI MITCHELL FLAYOUA PIIYO BIOTEiilBOIOGY STRATEGIC OBJECII'IES: To evolve new flavour compounds for use by the Gnup's Bk: flavourists and identify viable routes based on chemical synthesis dr biosynthesis for the supply of new or existing flavour ingredients, In the light of the rapidly advancing field of biotechnology, it is becoming increasingly important to weld together the skills of the chemist and the biologist. the initial programme centres on flavours, but within the three-year period it is anticipated that the potential of biotecbnology to service wider needs of SAT will be.explored, Close liaison with SAT (Hamburg) Hill be maintained, The work will draw heavily on the techniques of Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Although not detailed here, the Group retains responsibility for: (i) Assistance with microbiological problems e,g, tobacco spoilage and factory hygiene, (ii) Organisation of work requested by the leaf Steering Coaaittee, (iii) Provision of greenhouselsmali scale tobacco growingl ~ IoB1 flnurh ~nm~ra illhc~ Co. :!?. Thir mur~ I~x k rqid or rh~o to c:~~:rilr! pr~pnl. BATCo document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA: 05 PROJECT TIN I · COMMENT OH GIM OF WORK 01 FLAYOUR CHEMISTRY (a) Pectins There is increasing evidence that ceil walt constituents play a significant part in determining mxlke properties but the precise role is not known, Project SHIP has provided leads concerning pcctin. (5) Abienol oxidation To apply developed flavour technology to the production of sensari~ally- active additives. S 3984 Blilish ~mc~a~ TJkpa Co. ~i. T~1 must net k;opi~ pr ~h~vn to uo~ubtilcd prnoru BATCa document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 __ KEY TASKS ANO TIMESCALES Work in 1985 Hill be concentrated an pectins, In particular, an attempt will be made to exploit the affinity between nicotine and pectin as a route to improved ~ nicotine transfer efficiencies and increased free-base nicotine levels. The first part of the year will see the development of necessary:echnlgues and it is anticipated that the newly acquired soiid·phase NR approach may be an important asset in this area, Abienol is an important fiavour precursor present in a number of tobacco types and available at low cost from non·tobacco sources. Development will be targetted. at the production of effective and economic additives by exposing abienol-rich extracts to the oxidatjve techniques learned from the Svenska robaks and in·hovse projects. The approach My provide Oriental extenders and improvers and could be expected to deliver trial products by end·1985. 4 1993 a;::ll~ ~~r!;em ~j~lEEd CJ· LII! rnU mUI: ~01 tY:C:I~J IX Ihnwn:o ·rl:3nritd y:~n~. BATCo document f6r legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WOAK AREA: 05 PROJECT TITLE COMMENT ON AIM OF UORX 02 / LEAF 1HD BIIII[IIIKIIP;I To develop biochemical and dcro- biological technologies so that sensorically important additives can be syntnesised, transformed pr assimilated by the bio-syrteml (a) Cell trans~ormati on The aim is to exploit leads, drawn from preliminary studies, that tobacco cell cultures can provide unigue chemical modifications, (b) BiosynthesTs certain flavollrants are re~vind by BAl but areunacceptably expensive, The poZSi bill ty Of 10H cost biosynthesis will be examined, O 199J Brii~ ~7i~~a fohc;P C3- L~i. 5hil lul eel k a)l~d O! Ih~un to wnu~hxil~d pso~. BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS ANO TIMESCAIES Previous studies involving micro·arganisms have provided a nu~er of sensorically-active products but suffered the drawback of having to Separate smal 1 amounts of ft avour compounds from an excess micro-organi sn-coniai ni ng broth after fermentation; th;s is both time-consuming and inefficient, The tobacco cell approach obviates the need for separation and thus ensures a good yield of free and cell-assimilated ~roduds via full bio·mass add·back, The feasibility of this ~pproach will be judged within 1985 50 that, if promise is denon~traied, commercial potential may be evaluated in early 1986, In early 1985, the work concerned with the biosynthesis of megastiptrienones will be completed, There is evidence that certain volatile compounds need to be bound down, Chemically this is very difficult to achieve but may be possible eolyatieally, ihe exploratory phase will be compiete by the end of 1985. P IsBJ Bridlh knic~n robao Co. IIC, Thil mull MI a copied or I$wn to Fn~uEmi~L. ~nenl, BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA 06 PROCESS RESEARCH R, Process Technology -· a;l 'r::·, iiFr:::1 ~:2::5 CJ. L:: r~!l I:: i'!:' iqltlur !hsxl s.:nu!~::li :trEnl. BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA 06 (A) PROCESS TECHNOLOGY GROUP LEADER: R,W, HEDGE TOTAL STAFF: 4 Gndaates 5 Assistants BUOGET: f579,000 EXTERNAL CONTRACTS: 20,000 40', 30: 1 25X · ..I 5X iTXP~S~OII; I 102 EXPAI(SI~N: 03 PROCESS '1 104 PLPIYT PRACTICAL FUNOA~lfNTAL SIUOIES STUOIES STUDIES STUDIES 351 15: 1 151 Ol~rdr i i IM I i 103(a) I Lletui]ian Comnetcial Ghaical:, I 1 (FundamentaT and Canadian feasibiiity i Ilthemodynlmic i I_lstudies of studies I I-land kinetic process ects I 1 Iconditions 151 101 External I I 102(bJ I i 103 studiesl I(Expansion of 1ICarbon conoKide particle groupsl ~lreduction in frow : ' ·1-11·'· -··~~:·1T: BATCa document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 I i VORK AREA: 06 RESEARCH MANAGER: M,3, HARDUICK GROUP LEADER: R,U, HEDGE PROCESS RESEARCH (A) · Process Technology STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: To establish the principles of tobacco expansion for a second generation high·order lamina expansion process and to test the comnercial: prospects of recent discoveries. To obtain basic data on the capability of new processlprocessing e~uiprent, Economic feasibility and product acceptability studies for two prccesrer, using the recently discovered synerqistic effects of organic agents, will be completed ay mid-1985, Any future need for worl; in this area will then be determined, Fundamental research will be continued to provide an input into the feasibili ty studr es, The Plant Studies a:e funded by operating coepanies and Production Department, Millbani~, O IP9l Rnilh ~fiacyl Tcbx;P Co. L~d. Thi mwt M1 k Fnpitd pr thorn to alu~ar;ad ;monr. BATCo document for Legal Senriees : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~ _ WORK AREA: 06A PROJECT TITLE COMMENT Ore AIM OF WORK 01 EXPANSION - PW\CI~CAL S'IUDIES (bi caamerciar feasibility studies T6 evaluate if any coa~aercial prospects exist in the discoveries of the last year, This includes an~ assessment of the guality of the products of the neH processes, (b) External studies This work is to provide support to expansion related programaes, based on understanding the mechanisms involved, and to provide~innovative opportunities, O rF,e: Ir.::l~ hen:~ Td~bi~O CJ, II~, T~ij BUII 1~01 bC COeit~ OT Jh*Il 10 UIIIY~lil~ mOnl. BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 _ _~ ·_~ KEY TASKS AND TIMESCALES Uorl: will continue with outside consultants to assess the economics of using flan~nable synergistic mixtures in (1) linear tube systems (2~ vapour pressure release (VPR) systems. The linear tn~e process is more well defined and the outline economic assessment is expected to be ready at the end of February 1985, If this is unattractive attention will be switched to VPR systw~ These Systems req~uire considerable experimentation, and perhaps new wuipment to provide an adequate definition for even outline economic assessment, The requirement is to meet a mid·1985 deadline on this variant, This project incorporates guidance on tobacco behaviour and tobacco industry process needs to a Studentship at Surrey University, Ste~Pning from the work is a newly invented distributor system for cut lamina, and a derision will be taken by mid·1985 on scale-up in GRhDC. O IPB: BriliJ ~irr;e;Jn Toben Cs. W. Thi mull nM bt eppicd or Iholvn to uuuthiKd pnonl, h) BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ___ YORI AREA: oaA PBOJECT TInE CDmEaT or AIM of WORK 02 EXPRNSION - FUNnAMENTAL STUOIES (1) Chalcll, thermodynamic Ind In expansion processes the chemical ~lnctll'effoets character of the agent, the quantity and rate of energy input and the process system parameters all Intend with the particles. This wor~ Is intended to ouantify the informatfon repulred for the commercial feasibility studies, (b) Expansion of particle groups In flow systems O nl, wat ~I~· ~EO a. 1~ ni II # be ·id P Ibl D ··~dl~ pt BATCo doeaP,nt for Legal Slntm : H,~t~ Canada is Ily 181 KEY TASKS iWD IIMESCAIES For con~nercial feasibility studies, it is necessary to knou the effects of agent loading, expansion t4lprJturer, vapour flaw rates, energy inputs and other related process and equipment parameters, These will be determined as necessary, An exploration will be Ilndertaken of the potential for rynergistle mixture effects of non·flamnable inorganic agents. The behaviour of particles in flow SystaS, particularly at the inlet to a linear tube expander and its associated tobacco separator, is thought to be essential for economic design, Photographic studies are planned for early 1985. ~ 198·1 Bndg kair~n ~obl~:o Q ~1, Thi mull nPI k cPpicd or r~aun to un~ula~~d p~~tPar C$J BAfCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK k~EA: 06A PROJEC'T TIT1E COMIENT Oli AfM OF WORK 03 PROCESS STUDIES (a) Fundamental studies of These wide ranging studies are based process conditions on recommendations made at the June 1988 GRBOC Programme Review, (b) Carbon monoxide reduction Stem shredding leads to significant reductions in carbon monoxide deliveries compared with CRS/WTS. The possibility of obtaining a similar effect with ~~mina will be explored, ~ !Oo! c:·~l,- ~c:n:I· ~d4Lel CJ. U. Th;r mur: not ~e uPp;nl Jl~hown LP UOl~?Oril~ ~eaMII, BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS ANO T~~SWS. ~he possibility of modifyiog the Tobaeeo Processing Cylinder to allow the ulo of HHJI N2 or C02 atmosoheres will be assessed by mid-1985, Oe7eoding on rasolts of current and planned work, and completion of any egulpment changer, fundamentai studies will start on the effects of these different atmospheres on physical groperlqel·taste and flarour and smoke and tobacco chemistry. An extension of the 1984 studies Into reducing CO deliveries for tanina will not start till late 1985 or 1986. O l9sJ )ial ~Pda~ Ulro Co Ld Pb ol~ II k ~d · Ik I I·Y~ rgr BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1989 WORK AREA: 06d PROJECT TITLE COMMENT OH AIM OF WORK 04 PLANT STUDIES ( To determine the stages In conventional processes causing changes in tobacco chemistry which an related Co smoke and flhvour, Brazil has a major progranme, Canada and Germany are also contributing in this area, ~ 1?3J Bnlilh ~mmes ~ob~Em Co. W Thtl muSI n01 k COPiCd W IhOwn IO uhlulh0ri~l ~~KMI. BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 I~ay 1999 _ _~II~~ tEl TPSKS ~I TIIESC~ES 6ROC will c~ntinue to dilluss their proceJI pragramneJ Hith opentfng con;plnicr and cnJure the Hor~ of 6R~C is appropriate. Q nP lib~ klL· ~~oo ta ~. ~ c~ * bt ajd · Ik c ·~l~!d pnvJnL BATCo document for legal denieet : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~ WORK AREA 06 PROCESS RESEARCH 8, Physics of Tobacco BATC6 document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 IXIRK AREA 06 (s) PHBSICS OF TOBACCO GROUP LEADER: R,G, HOOK TOTAL STAFF: 3 Graduates 5 Assistants BUDGES: f467,000 E(TERNAL CONTRACTS: Nil 401 i 601 1RE?ICV ISrJ BARRIERSI 102 PROCESS TO OENSITY IMPROVEMENTS RiO~CTIO# 303 iTd~ ~~ ~~~: ~[ · ' tlNovel drying Ends Ou~~~tv I I ~conditions 10X 15X Ol(bi I I 102(b Firmnessl~ot Llnovel staccutting Collaose conditions 5', . I 35X l(c) I ) 102(e Produc: nri~bility~ Illeduction of studies tobacco deorad~tion C, BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~ORf WU: C6 RESEAP,C~ I~AIJdEt~: GROUP LE~~E~: B,G, HOCK PROCESS RESE~IC% (9) - Physics of Tobacco STRATEGIC bE~ECilYES: To obt~·in basic scientific data on the ef~2ct o physical pro3er:ies of cut tobacco and ci~~r~l~es, with the ain c; reducing cigu~t;2 densities, ma'ntai~i~~ a cigaret;e quality mrx'misieq process yields asC reQcinS tobacco deEr3datisn. The effort will now be channelled towards a few specific practical objectives, The underlying a~pro~cS will continue to be on the understanding ci basic concepts and mech~nins~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~G~K ~~EX: o~a PE(1JiiT i TITLE CCh~rE~; 011 di~t OF ~S~K 01 i IE~OYI~G BARRIERS TO GENSii~ REDUGTIO;I I redsc~ng cigar~~l~ densities ~ iden;iSing the limiting iactors and providing guidance on controlling tha~ Density reduction is limited ~r factors other t~ian firntn2ss particularly en~~ 5:ibility and hot collapse. (a) Ends qualitg 50 provide guidelines :J aJera:ing companies on the aaintenance ot ends quality, The guidelines u~l~ combine previous knoul~au with ne~J research findings to 3r0~'~5: (i) aids to ~Se diagnosis oi the type 3'' problem and the likely causc~ (ii) short·t~n solutions associated ~it~ secondrr~ manUfdt3Tel (fii) longer-term solutions tracing causes SEC~ into primer:, and/or leaf stppl ies, i i I O : :·i~ !-:~' :.7.:-:,: -~:::::;1 ::: :~:":~: -:: U ::' I: ..:..'~; . I .:: .:'..:.I~~ :~:;,"i r\3 BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 XE'( T~SIS ~;10 ;ii~ESCdlES The first action #iil be to review vith oFeratina companies: .the different types of ends problem · the probable causes · the currently known pr?ctical solutions - Report ~~rch ;32j Experiments will then be mace on a c'gara'te making machine t; det.eraioe co;nbl:nat;cns of blend characteristics and machine set;ines which lead to ~~1 ends acd the cl~anges needec te rer;ore Cuali~. Previous wor; inPca~es :nr.; ~~~ twO most important factors iniluencin~ ends st:bilit:, are: (ai cigarette ~inn2ss (Hi~iCh iS, Oi course, re!dted :b Ei9er?rt2 density andtobaccl filling value), (b) particle sie distribution of the blend, Cigarette firmness will be varied by changing cigarette density, Particle size distribution will Se varied by using different conercia; blends and artificial means suCh as deliberate mechanical degradation, sieving out 'shorts', adding extra 'shorts' etc. Among the other factors which vill be studied in these experiments are - types of blend component (e,g~ stem, Ilmina, OIii rec3ns:i;utod ;cnacco ~tf~) .particle shape .moisture content at the cigarette miler · machine settings e,g~ : returns, running speed etc, The intention is to carry out the majority of the experiments on a single type of making machine j~3lins ~Erk 8) w'thou: bensed ends. The main measurements will Se of: ·~end stability (TurjuTa Sc~atr method) .~cigarette weight, fi~nness, circumference, nois~ure content and pressure drop · blend particle size and shdce distri~ctions on input tobacco, slit Cigarettes and tobacco shaken from ends This main series of ax:eri~en:~ will be completed by i~a5~ Finally a computer node; will be ds~elc;ed to ?rzdic: ends ilii cut fr;J 3:end par:!fi~ ii;? di~,. j~:icn InC other vlr·!j;ls. b e:iri;!:;obsi :crl::n Jas: wot~ w~ll Se derelo~~d by ~)~ 14E3, ~:~eorllii~i usrs'cn ui:i also je :~~etoFec and tes:;: on ~ll~r~a2n:?l Iala. ih's u~!l inC~r:f'~I2C ;5t? :3? ~~;j:l~~ iinr;es;l:,3ns 'fyi~nssiln ~tsf~ sole; q ~ec~r~:er !325 . - - --- -- --- - - - -- 'C ·:e!: !:II:,~ ;,,::::~ t·:~;:,;~ 1:;, r-:; t;:: ··:: ~ :'.:.:~ 'i:~\~' :'' .:~;:I:·".::: :::: ': BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 IICR~ R9EX: 06a PP,CJECT TITLE CO~E:;T ON Alr~ OF ~CEI (5) Fi~n~ess/hot colla~se ia iC2nrify ti~e circugs::nc~s whereby finr,ess durin~ s~bing ~ecsles the factor Hhicn ]imiu further densi:~ redcc:'on. 13 find days of reducing hct Collapse in these cases. (c) ProGllct variability studies To evaluate systeeaticslly consumer t~s:onsiveness to IrlCtC: Variability, and relate;~is to objectively me3surabls aa~one~tr of the prcdcct using ~~pnlr;~ta predictive psgchophyllcal r~aGels. I I i ''·:: j:::~:: ,_::·::·I ::;:: ~:.~ ::~ Tilli-:,::r: :r ::~·r: :: ~·.··: ~:·:·:r:rr:;:~·:::~ BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS AFlO TI~ESULES Continued aeasuraent of :inn2Ss of unlit Cigarettes at rlifier~nt ~29Fer~tures and moisture contents · report January 1935~ Me?surer.len: of finness Seisre and during slsolrin~ by 1 csssn :.ethod on c~~a~~::~s made frcn con;Sinltisns of ciiiferent types of low d~nsi:~ jl;r.t ;2.S. c3n;linin5 O!ET, expanded sten etc,) with different cigant:2 d25l;n :?n:~:ers s~4. ventilation, c'~~ntta ~~;er. (This Hili iden:~~~ t~s :Y~ES 0~ blend for ~h'[n hot collapse beczes the liniting factor and the t3Fes of c'S~rl~:a design which will alleviate the procle~) · report August 1985, Investigation of the e~i2ctj of low circunference on iincesj · ·elort Jtnu~r~ 1935 · and on ho; collapse · report August 1985, This verb will be under:E;c2n in collaboration ni:h the Ps~c~olcg~ group and, pending recruiben: of a psye~dphysicist, will eesmene~ ~iC-1~~S, It is planned to consider varl~~ilitr in cigarette fir;r,ness, ends stability and hot collapse; and their e:~2c:s on c~csuner perception and acceplacc2~r~jection of the ~roC~:t. In !9a5 the ini3nation collected thus fat should Se consoliC~:ad into a predizive moCei of cor~scr;ier tolerances of v~ri~cilit~ across ci~ar~tl2 :ara;;;sters,l Which should take into account the possibility that consumers nr~ be segmented in tecns of sensitivitp to sucn variables. )i"i: i::;il:'·:· .::.:!:·:.·I,~ i.:. -!:j -·1:: a:: ~~:::lalr ::·· '· .'::::::··:: ::· ,·r~ L\I BATCo document for Legal Senrices : Health Canada 19 May 1999 _~C uCnK RE~; 063 PROJECT TI~E COmilT Os ~I~ OF ~CB~ 02 TROCI~S I~P~OYE~E~TS To test novel proc~s~lnl e:nce)ts in the laboratory Or on 3~~1j scale planC, ~it~ t~e ~ain di~ of improving filling ~alue, ~~t also seeking ether incideneal benefits, (l) ~cv~ dr~i~g con~~ianl Td identify c:~lnationr oi wet:ing, heating and dr:,ing cond!:!cns which are not at'.a(nable in c~rr~~t equipment ane ~hich oiler ~olsnti~l advan~~ges, It has been ;hser~ed by 3J~ ~hat there is, in 3eneral, a negative correlation ~erHe~n sucar; c?ntent oi sta~ an? iiliing v~~e a~ter expdnsion. ~ study is ~ianned to investigate ~~ether this is a cacse and effect r~lrtlonsnfp · by adding sugars to lo~·sugar st~s and using Lnty~s to r~nove sug~n frc~ hi~h sugar stems, Radio frequency hear.inc has been used co~er~;all~ In t~e ~ETt for drying toblc:3. Th2:~r;~s~ of this pr3jec: is to ex:lore its potential ~n cc~b;nnt~on with other t~chn!:~~s, :P~"Lj k?~3:F=3 ;L ": ~~1~: r: Y =~~f;' fl~~~TY: 1~~~ BATCo document for Logai Services : Hoelth Qnada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS d~3 ;I~~jidlSS An examination Hill be made of the effects on single particles and/dr small tobacco samol25 of - hot gases Other than air or steam cool gases and other sources of heat, A continuing series of reports wilt be issued up to dune 19Ei. An exainltion Hill be made of the effects of sugars in ste and their response to different treatments - report narc~ 19851 The dr:,er nodels r]eveloped previously will be used to idtnt~i? wsys of ~cii2uing novel combinations of conditions (e.g, hign initial heating n:2 ciupi~~ ui:b Isw i ~axim~n t~spratur2). This work will be continuous. The feasibility of novel processes involving radio frequency heating liniced with ether inne~~ti6ns will be reviewed by mid·1985. C '· BAt~Co document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~ WORK bREd: 06a PROJECT TITLE CC~EIT ~N dr~ Of ~CRK (ccn:,) I~ nd ccnbic~~;ons of cutting conlitioss for s:en vh:ch oc:i~iJe filling value alter ex~dnsicn, (c) ac~ue:ioo oi t~t~cco degradation la identl~ a~b ~ua!d sroeess conditions leading to breakage of tobacco, loss oi filling value, and fonlt~on of w~3t~~ labor~t3~ me~s~ra~ents on the transition be:ween flexible and br!::12 states and or ;he pattern Of Sre3kace of tobacc3 p~:~d~r wil~ be c~m~eftb by the end of 1~35, This should lead the way to Isrfer scale exoeriments In conditions closely rere~l'ng no~al processin~, laboratory ex~crlmen:s will be carried out on finished cigarettes to sfmultle the tyle of s:~ss which occurs durlc~ cigarette manuf~c:~re, and to discc~er If this is reduced by increasing the t~per~;vre~ I 1 '·~:,~·'-~~·-····`· ~: -: -·--~ ' '~' '~~''::~.' BATCo doellent for Legal QBrYjCe8: Health Canada le rlr lls) _ __ 1 TE~ BSKS A;ID TIZESCA1ES - --- -I Labotator~ Et;dier of c~dn:es in sL:e and lit: during expans'o~ of s~sn particles cut in various ways Hill be reported in February !935. Pilot plant trials Hill be l;ndertalren into the effect of var~ing the angles of cut, cuts per inch, roilinS conditions and drying csnCitions, ~anufctcln of ciaaret:es wilJ be followed by measurements of densi;y, finness, pressure drr)r~ ani ends st~biljtr · re)or: ~pr'l laaS. Comparisons ~iil be made of the various cut products Hith shredded stens, Investigation of the reasons for the different cigarette prc~ertre~ Hill be re~or;2d in ~ay IgaS. Tire primary tasks will be t,ie pilot scale simulation of tobacco degradation led the me~ss~an~enr of changes in particle size End sha;iC distributions with tin2. ihe degraded materials proC~ce~ in this ua~ will be used intiie St~j of ends stability - report March l~a5. A#ep~ts will 3150 be made to modify the cigarette making process to avoid degradation, loss of fiMllleZs and ends stability. Rn evaluation of the potential benefits of heating tobacco during cigarette manufacture to increase its flexibility · sheu~d be c3npleted 5~ March 14Ej, 1~ C~ BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA 06 PROCESS RESEARCH C, Hovel Cigarette ~echnclogy BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA 06 (0) NOVEL CIGARETTE TECHNOLOGY GROUP LEADER: J~k. LUKE TOTAL STKF: 2 Graduates 7 Assistants BVDGEf: ~540,000 EXTERNAL CDNTRAC~S: 15,000 NOVEL CONCEPTS) IEXPLOITAIION OE SELECTED PRODUCTS 60'1 401 30X 30X 1 301 101 srRuciuREo ( 102 ;iB i IC50EYE!OP6liiS 1 104 1NNCiYATiVE CIGARETTES ~42TERIA1S FOR OPERATING ~~WUFrlC~BING COMPANIES TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT GRdDC GROUPS BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 I~_ UORY, AREA: 06 RESEIRtH MANAGER: M3. HAROWICK GROUP LEADER: 3,A, 1UKE PROCESS RESERPM · (C) Novel Cigarette Technology STRATEGIC OBJECTIYES: To conceive and develop cigarette making technology aimed at the production of novel cigarettes with novel materialsl The primary role of this group is to provide the technology for constructing innovative products, using a "model·shop" approach, Where appropriate, through sponsorship of operating companies, specific novel concepts will be developed for market~festing purposes. Product benefits sought include enhanced smoker reaction and reduction in weight or cost, Emphdsis will continue to be placed on the need to work closely with the CAC research groups and the Product Applications Group to ensure that the more successful ideas can be exploited rapidly, Far specific project needs (vbrk for operating campanier dnd other GRIOC GroupsJ, specific time-scales are established, On the other, more conceptual, fronts hard-and-fast time-scales cannot be specified, The ad hoc nature of the work allows a large nurrber of projects to be covered within the resources available, : 1931 Blilila ~cil~n Tub~~fo Co. ~, nb RIUJI nPI bF r~Fird w !Ln 10 mJulhori~rd:.Mnr, b BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AREA: O6C PROJECT TITLE COMMENT 08 AIM OF WORK HOVEL CONCEPTS - STRUCTURED · I This nor~ foculses on products sr~rc~ir~s which have unusual arrangements Of materials in either the tobacco column or the filter, (a) Annular cigarettes Possible benefits include enhanced taste and flavour characteristics, reduced CO and sidestream and reduced weightlcost, ail of which are attributed to the siting of filler grades in the core of the product. (b) lariabie composition End Changes in eomoositioo or density variable density products along a cigarette may alter the puff·by-puff profiles at allow the inclusion of higher levels of lan combustibility fillers, which can help reduce deliveries, (c) Geda~etric structures To explore a wide range of novel sheet tobacco structures which permit the preservation of the essential characteristics of Conventional products with significant reductions in product cost, ~ (d) Thermally notified cigarettes The idea is to manufacture 'experimental cigarettes which have reduced coal temperatures and/or different heat exchange properties, These changes could influence'the nature of mainstream and sidesteam smoke, : 195: Sn~irh 6crt:n T~cco Ca U ~b mull npe k ~,l~d or Ihovn to unsuJw~~ pnKHlr. BATCo document for Legal Services: Health Canada 19 Wlay 1999 KEY TASKS ANO TIMESU\LES Work is well advanced on methods for producing annular cigarettes with both wrapped and unwrapped cores. The i~nediale programme covers the use of Cytrel, WTS and low nicotine OIET in wrapped cores comprising 302 of product volume, together with the option of low visibie-sidestream papers for the core and outer nrappers~ Once completed, a product matrix for non-wrapped core products using similar fillers will be explored, Products will be submitted to objective and subjective tests to quantify benefits, Assembly methods different from the "Cadevac" approach are being heveloped to allow the evaluation of experimental products, Work is in progress On the use of folded tobacco sheets to construct lightweight yet film stradures, which can form either the main cctnbustihle fuel of the cigarette or a supporting structure for tobacco par.icles, These novel iceas will continue to be explored during 1985, During 198Q, studies were made of the effect of changing cigarette combustion temperature by using thenaal conduct0rsl Unexpected observati'ons of reduced GO/tar ratios, especially in sidestream smoke, have encouraged a wider investigation of products employing the principle, An opportunity exists through heat exchange to modify tobacco-rod body temperature in order to alter mainstream component deliveries, S 198J Bnorh ~m~~K~n rob~clCu, ~j~ Thk mule npe be copied or Jovn mo unnlhwir;d pmonl. b BATCD document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 IORK AREA: 060 PRO3ECT TITLE COMMENT ON AIM OF UORK 02 1 NOYEL CONCEPTS · NEW MATERIALS (a) Lo~denSity extruded foamed This work offers the potential for tobacco achieving extremely io~cdensity tobacco materials ((100 mg/ce), and single·stage reconstitution of waste tobacco. Initially these· materials would be used as blend components, perhaps in the form of expanded strands, One-piece extruded tobacco rods remain the longer-term dim, (b) Carbon in tobacco t'drbon in granular, sheet (bl itself and with reconstituted tobaccos) or fibre form can be used in tobacco rods as a thermal conductor, as a low toxicity fuel source, as a carrier for favour precursors, as a base for catalysts or as an active filter for vapourlgas phase compounds, 5 [P8s B~lir~ tt~on:ob~s:P O ~d ~n as not 1? :P~ird pr Shown to una~ori~ *nooL BATCo document for Legal Services: Health Canada 19 May 1999 KEY TASKS ANO TIMESCALES Initially promising w9rle using a food extruder, at the Food Research Institute, Norwich, produced highly expanded tobacco materials with low density and reasonable snote character, Significant effort Hill be allocated to this activity during 1985-86 and it is planned that work will be progressed by the acquisition of a suitable ex:hlrion facility for CR~OC early in 1985. The first phase of work will seek to optimise process conditions to achieve minimum density, carbon materials have been obtained from Courtaulds (fibre), Sutcl~ffe-Speakman (granules) and Morganite (sheets), In each case a work programme has been drawn up to provide a range of materials with varying degrees of axidation, Initial work has focussed on using carbon in lieu of metal thermal conductors and as a fuel source~ Syste~natic evaluation of materials and cigarettes has started and will be continued throughout 1985~ ~ ]9BJ Bdll~h Brric~n takueo t ~d. hil mull 1 k cgicd or shown w untul?prired p~.wnr. BAT~o document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK ARW: 06C PR03ECT TITLE COMMENT ON AM OF WORK 02 (G) Fillers To identify the type and form of both (Ccntd) con~ustible and incombustible Raterials suitable for inclusion in cigarettes, either to reduce deliveries of undesirable smoke constituents andlor biological activity, or to reduce product cost. (dJ Cheaper filter materials To explore the potential of polyolcfin foams, :· 1? 198·1 Bd~i~l~h krri~m rokcc~ Ca Ltd ~hb mull not br ~)i~d ~ Ihowo la ualbdd pool. W BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~ I KEY TASKS ANO TIrSSCALES Basic work to identify suitable materials for fillers and to determine their fonn will progress throughout 198541987, pilot manufacture of experimental: materials in 6RgDG is anticipated, Other materials will be produced uitn the help of ekternal ageeciesjruppliers under suitable contractural anngsent, e,g~ Food Research Institute, Norwi oh, Investigations Hill include studies on the preparation of suitable fillers and an their combustion chemistry. Initially, inclusion levels of 10Z, 20t;, 101 Hill be considered for conventionally blended cigarettes Selected products will be submitted for assessment of biological activity and measurement of specific smoke chemical. deliveries, A contract her been placed witn Br;nei university to study and control the formation of closed and open-cell foamed structures from extrudersl ~~.I ?· · ~-:::· r~,il,:: C~~. W. This aua npl ~ copied er I~nmn to una:tai~rd prr~el. b BATCo document for Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~C_ WORK AREA: 06C PROJECT rInE COMMENT OH AIM OF UORK 03 DEYELOPRENIS FOR DPERGTI~GCOMPAHIES This project enables manufacture of specific novel product ideas for individual companies through sponsorship, to the point where they can be realistically market tested by these companies, (a) Thermof ormable ti ssueslspi n These technologies will be maintained, moulding and broadened when necessary, to provide support to CAC companies in the development of moulded. filters or tippingsl (b) Shaped cigarettes e,gl ovals To provide technology for the manufacture of cigarettes of. unconventional shape; also to evaluate such products to discover any unexpected benefits, (cJ Ultra·slfm products To provide technology for the manufacture Of cigarettes and filters with cf rcumferenee in the range 13·20 ma; also to evaluate the smoking performance of these products , (d) Specific sponsored developments O 19M 8:ilith ~mtrit~n fobaJ Ca Ld Ihir nal no~ k eopi~i ar Ihown I una8ors& ~mo~~. IrJ BATCo document for Legal Services: Health Canada 19 May 1999 ~C~ KEY TASKS AND TIMESCALES Current work includes an investigation of the use of Wiggins Teape thermoformabl'e plugwrap in lieu of conventional paper on existing moulded filters, CSF2 filters are being produced and supplied to operating companies as required, Further product ideas arising from the use of thennor6m~abls tipping paper will be explored, particularly shaped mouthpieces, Recent interest has focussed oooval cigarettes, Whilst such products are not new, most earlier examples were plain cigarettes, A particular difficulty centres around the assembly of a filter onto an oval cigarette, Work has started On building a prototype FTA in GR~C using a navel in-line assembly principle, Oval gamitures for a MoTins Mark 8 and a Haunt KDF2 are on Order and should be operational in December 1984, The technology for ultra-slim cigarettes was established during 1984, and is capable of providing consistent products within the circum~erenee range, A wide range of sanple Cigarettes has been Introduced into a nunber of research programmes in GRBDC, studies of which will continue into 1985, 'I~ree tash are currently underway and may extend into the first quarter of 1985. I- a ,i BATCo document far Legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 _ _~_1~1~ YQR( ~a: oa PROJECT TITLE I OOMMFNT Oh AIM OF ~Rt 04 1 IND~TIYE MAMUFACTURING · i This activtty provider a source of novel Bcn~losr sWORr anuiacturing Ideas and methods which can be used to produce prototype products for other research groups, or to support product develPp~sts in the product Applfcetfuns Group, (aJ Swirl varfants To provide manufacturing technology for Project K11T, (b) Consumer demand responsive To provide manufacturing technology products for project SMITH, (c) Other product variants To provide methods to produce e,g, FELT type products, (d) Ste;n ~lterr to investfglte ehe use of eRS or ulT as a substitute (partial or total) for CA in tilters, C nit Yh~ kP* ~bwo c3. U, nk ~n ·I ~ m6d or ~r! p P~YI~ Cnl~ BATCo document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 __ (EI ~SP ANa T~MES~ES In experimental nethod for producing KILT filters is klnp dev~opld~ It comprises a two-stage process In which two microbore tubes are inserted Into a standard Cd filter rod, prior to forming a circumferential groove into the rod by spin moulding, to allow ventilating air to enter the tubes, An expe~~et~ method for produdnq sMITH filters kas proposed durie9 1984 and initial samples produced. Further worl( will be undertaken In 1985, PP~ Millbanl( has instigated a study of the manufacture and performance of : filters containing mixtures of stem (CRS, WTS) and cellulose Icetate fihres for use in situations where tow supplies are scarce, 8rown tows and bleached stem a~e being used In this study. O RU I~mh k~·l k~alCP ~I II I~P II k mi~ jr dl~l rPal~tl ~ps. W BATCa document for legal Services : Health Canada 19 May 1999 WORK AIIEA 06 IIROCESS SES'LRICH O. 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