296/8
RESTRICTED
SRE/PSE/46D-2
PROPOSED EXPERIMENT ON VENTILATED CIGARhTTES
At the Biological Research Meeting held in October
the
design of the proposed long-term experiment was
simplified.
The samples included were: (1) a control; a set of
samples
designed -to achieve a 50% redu~_tion in delivery
using (2) random
perforated, (3) line perforated,(4) porous
tipping,
(5) a naturally highly porous paper. Additionally,
it
was agreed to examine (6) the effect of using
citrate as
a paper additive.
It was also agreed that these samples should serve
as "bench marks" for a number of additional
samples so
that each effect could be examined in greater
detail in
short-term tests. Further, it was requested that
sufficient
cigarettes should be produced so that analytical
and human
smoking studies and inhalation experiments could
be
undertaken. The special analytical studies to be
undertaken
would be agreed between laboratory managers.
Detailed discussion of specific problems relating
to
the cigarettes have been held with the various
exper.ts in
G.R. & D.C. It soon became apparent that (1) in
commercial
practice the pressure drop of the filters used for
ventilated
cigarettes are generally higher than those for
unventilated
cigarettes and (2) the design of cigarettes with
porous
plugwrap and ventilated tips is not sufficiently
advanced
to be able to predict deliveries with any
accuracy.
For these reasons it is considered that in the
final
design the control should be examined with low and
a high C:~
pressure drop filters. Because of the
uncertainties in
predicting deliveries of some cigarettes, a
preliminary
experiment has been undertaken with the proposed
samples U4
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(excluding citrate) and including two variants of
the sample
with ventilated tipping.
Although there were some delays in obtaining the
components these samples have now been produced
and the
analyses completed. The samples manufactured are
described
in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Description of Samples Examined
' Cigarette Paper Filter Plugwrap ventilated
Sample
';Porosity
Type (WTU) PD(c) Porosity
(WTU) Type
1 66M 80 Low Std
2 66M so High Std
3 66M so High 100,000 M1000
(a)
4 I
66 M 80
High
100,000
M1500
5 95P 850 High Std
6 66M ep 1200 1,200 High Std
(fine random!
perforated)
7 66M ep 1500 1,200 High Std
(broad line
perforated)
8 Wattens 200 2,000 High Std
(b)
9
Wattens 200 2,000
High
100,000
MIOOO
Note: (a) only one sample 3 or 4 to be taken
forward into
long-term experiment.
(b) Sample included for analytical comparison.
(c) All filters 20 mm long.
Low pd * 3 cm. WG, high pd " 8 cm WG
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The results of the smoke analysis'are given in
Table 2.
TABLE 2
Smoke Analysis
Sample Paper Filter
i - . Puff
d TPM ITNA !I CO
No.
PD Tipping
No
(mg/:(Mg/l(mg/
Type Porosity cig)~cig)lcig)
1 66M 80 Low Std 11.5 33.5 11.99125.61
2
66 M
80
High
Std
11.1 12 3.
23.9 !1.53 8
3 66M 80 Vent. 11.0 16.4 1.14:20.0
4 66M 80 Vent. 10.9 14.5 1.23 20.3
5 95P 850 Std 9.9 16.4 1.101.17.2
6 66M ep 1,200 Std 11.2 16.8 1.25i.LO-I
7 66M ep, 1,200 Std 12.3 18.1 1.40'16.9
a Wattens 2,000 Std 10.2 13.1* 0.98:16.6
9 200 2,000 Vent. 10.0 10.9*;0.91 14.8
*Samples 8 and 9 were also analysed on a PMWNF
basis with
the following results - Sample 8, 11.1 mg/cig:
Sample 9, 9.3 mg/cig.
From the results it is apparent that the samples
with
a ventilated tip (No. 3), 95P paper (No. 5) and
random
e.s. perforations (No. 6) are very close to the
proposed
50% reduction in TPM. The sample with line e.s.
perforations
(No. 7) is slightly higher than the target
reduction but is
probably acceptable. The Wattens paper (No. 8)
leads to a
TPM lower than anticipated but could well prove to
be of
interest in that it will allow comparison of
results from
a very high naturally porous paper with those from
ventilated %-0
tippings. (-n
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Although the TPM values are not as low as
originally
hoped, the values would be lower if expressed on a
water
and nicotine free basis.
It is recommended that the long-term experiment
should
proceed with the following 8 samples.
(1)
(2)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(10)
66 M paper, low PD filter.
66 M paper, high PD filter.
'66M paper, high PD filter, ventilated tip.
95 P paper, high PD filter.
66 M random e.p. paper, high PD filter.
66 M line e.p. paper, high PD filter.
Wattens 200 paper, high PD filter.
Citrate paper, porosity 850 (to match 95P),
high PD fiIter.
This design includes two additional samples as
follows:
No.2: a high pressure drop filter to ensure that
it is
possible to distinguish between the effects of
filter pressure
drop and ventilation, high natural or perforated
papers (it
is understood that, in commercial practice, the PD
of the
filter is nearly always increased as porosity or
ventilation
is increased so that the overall draw resistance
of the
cigarette is not altered appreciably).
N0.5: this intermediate porosity paper, close to
current practice, is included to provide an
intermediate
point in the wide range of porosity examined (WTU
80, 850,
2,000).
Having made the above recommendations to meet the
aim of
examining a 50% reduction in TPM, reconsidgration
of the
samples in toto suggests that sample No. 1 with
the low
pressure drop filter is anomalous since the
available evidence
indicates that the effects of conventional.
filters are C)
analogous to a reduced puff volume or flow-rate.
For this
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reason, it is suggested that there are-two
possibilities:
(a) Sample No. 1 is deleted and the number of
samples
reduced to 7.
(b) Sample No. 1 is deleted and is replaced by
condensate obtained by smoking sample No. 2 with
a reduced puff volume: the percentage reduction
of puff volume being set to the average percentage
reduction of samples 4-10.
If the objective of the experiment is considered,
i.e. to
intercompare the biological effects of various
forms of
ventilation, it is suggested that the second
alternative
should be adopted. The advantage of including such
a sample
appears to be very worthwhile since it should
enable us to
demonstrate whether or not the various forms of
ventilation
lead to condensates with tumorigenicities
significantly
different from that achieved by a simple reduction
in-puff
volume.
Finally, it should be recognised that while it is
hoped
that the results may indicate a preferred approach
to
ventilation, it is equally or more probable that
no differences
may be found. It is contended, however, that the
'no-difference'
result would be equally valuable since,
commercially, it would
allow the greatest freedom of action.
C~>
C:)
110
*-.0
LIn
L111
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AnDITIONAL S.WLES FOR STMRT-TERM TrSTS
Effectively many of the options on a low porosity
base
paper are included in the samples (1,2,3,4,6,7)
described in
Table 1 although sample 3 or 4 will be dropped
from the
long-term t.:zst.
It is suggested that a similar series of 6 or 7
samples should
be built around the De Mauduit paper 95P. For
example this
should be perforated in two ways (1) random and
(2) broad lines
to give approximately similar porosities. The
effect of
ventilated tipping, at two levels of porosity,
should alon
be examined using (a) the basic paper and (b) the
random e.s.
perforated paper.
The inclusion of samples 8 and 9 could examine the
effecz
of ventilated tipping (MlOOO) on a cigarette with
a naturally
porous paper.
It is proposed that all these (15 or 16) samples
should
be manufactured and "screened". The series would
provide
information on:
(1) 3 basic papers (66M, 95P and Watt ens) with
one having
citrate as additive-,
(2) the effect of perforating two of these papers
by random
and line e.p;
(3) the effects oftwo levels of tip ventilation on
two
papers and one level on the Wattens.
In addition to the above, the effect of transverse
bandino
with gelatine will be examined in a separate
experiment. Plans
have already been made to treat two types of paper
(De Mauduitc=)
511-C and Fletcher 137P) with three gelatin
solutions %10
differing in citrate concentration and
incorporating tartrate
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in place of citrate. Some of these bobbins will
subsequently
be perforated to varying degrees. From this
exercise
approximately 30-40 different samples will be
produced and
submitted f or analytical measurements. Samples
will then
be selected for examination in the NMFI and
sebaceous gland
tests.
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November 1999