(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
No. 683.748
ISSUED Apr. 7, 1964
CLASS 131-4
CANADIAN PATENT
SMOKING ARTICLE
Samuel 0. Jones, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Granted to R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem,
North Carolina, U.S.A.
APPLICATION No. 791. 255
FILED Jan. V, 1960
PRIORITY DATE Mar. 9, 1959 U. S.A.
No. OF CLAIMS 5 No drawing
DIS"IBUTZO By THS PATMW O1FH=
O"-C"T OF THR 81=R1rrMV OF *TAM Orr^W@
fo

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
0
$&-7'4 8
This invention relates to a smoking article and
has for an object the provision of a cigarette wrapped with
paper having a relatively high degree of natural porosity.
In the commercial manufacture of cigarettes a
5 cellulosic paper is ordinarily employed to wrap the tobacco
in order to hold the cigarette In the desired shape, all as
will be understood in this art. These cigarette papers are
usually prepared In conventional paper-making machines and
comprise essentially sheeted cellulosic fibers to which finely
10 divided fillers, such as calcium carbonate or magnesium car-
bonate, may be added. In the commercial manufacture of
cigarette papers, the porosity of such papers, when measured
by the method hereinafter to be designated, falls within
the range of 45 to 90 seconds or sometimes higher.
15 In the past it has been proposed that It may be
desirable to perforate cigarette papers In order to provide
a cigarette which during smoking will give a cool smoke.
These perforations are formed by mechanical means which in-
volve a piercing or punching operation, and the Individual
20 perforations are macroscopic in size and have a relatively
large diameter. As a matter of fact, the diameter of the
perforations may be so large that tobacco particles may have
a tendency to fall from the perforations which is, of course,
undesirable when the cigarette is in the package or is in
25 use. Also, smoke has a tendency to escape from the perfora-
tions during smoking, and this is an undesirable feature of
the heretofore proposed perforated cigarette papers. In
addition, the act of perforating the paper does not lend
itself to the manufacturing of cigarettes on modern high
30 speed cigarette-making machines, and such perforations tend
68:2127-s
or- V

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
6 83748
2
to provide areas of weakness in the body of the cigarette
so that Its customary firmness Is at least in part sacrificed.
Furthermore, the large perforations detract from the appear-
&nee of the cigarette.
5 Also in the past, attempts have been made by the
use of filter tips to reduce the amounts of total solids
and nicotine present in the main stream of the cigarette
smoke. These latter efforts have been successful to a degree,
but as of the present time the cigarette filters that have
10 been most effective for the intended purpose are those which
have a high pressure drop and draw hard during the smoking
operation.
Accordingly, a further object of this invention
is to provide a cigarette or other smoking article In which
15 the normal amount of nicotine and total solids In the smoke
being puffed is reduced to a substantial extent while desir-
able drawing qualities of the cigarette are maintained.
A further object of this Invention is the provision
of a cigarette paper which is particularly useful in the
20 preparation of cigarettes which provide a cool smoke and
are free of the defects above noted.
A still further object of this invention is the
provision of a cigarette which does not require the use of
a filter In order to reduce the amounts of nicotine and
25 solids that are ordinarily present in the smoke during the
smoking operation.
Further and additional objects will appear from
the following description and the accompanying claims.
In accordance with one embodiment of this inven-
30 tion, a smoking article, such -an a cigarette, is provided

(B&W) PROTECTED-BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
83748
which Includes a body of the tobacco to be smoked encased or
wrapped in a wrapper Which latter is essentially free of
mechanically formed perforations but which has a high porosity,
this porosity being considerably greater than the porosity of
5 cigarette papers heretofore described in the art. Thus as
previously indicated, the prior art cigarette papers have a
porosity in the area of 45 to 90 seconds or even higher. The
porosity of papers of this type is measured in terms of
seconds and as used herein means the average number of seconds
10 required for the displacement of 100 cubic centimeters of air
through the dry paper in an area of 1.0 square inch obtained
by testing five specimens with the "felt" side up and five
additional specimens with the "wire" side up. The method
employed for this purpose has been standardized by the Amerl-
15 can Society for Testing Materials and has received the ASTM
designation D726-55T which is a revision of ASTM designation
D726-48. This standard method has also been recognized by
the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry under TAPPI
Tentative Standard T46om-49. Inasmuch as the porosity is a
20 measurement of the rate of flow of air in seconds through a
sample of dry paper, It will be apparent that papers having
the greater porosity are valued in the lower number of seconds
and the higher number of seconds reflect the more impervious
papers.
25 In accordance with the present invention, it has
been discovers d that if a cigarette has a paper wrapper of
considerably greater natural porosity than the papers pre-
viously employed, the resulting cigarette provides a cooler
smoke and the nicotine and solids In the smoke are markedly
. ". o
30 reduced when compared with an identical cigarette wrapped

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
683748
4 -
with a standard cigarette paper. Thus in accordance with
one embodiment of this Invention, the cigarette is wrapped
with a cigarette paper having a natural porosity between
about I and about 30 seconds and preferably between about
5 4 and 27 seconds when measured by the ASTM procedure pre-
viously indicated. Most preferably in commercial operations
It will be found that the cigarette paper should have a
porosity between about 10 and about 20 seconds. If the
porosity is greater than 30 seconds, a satisfactorily burn-
10 ing cigarette is, of course, obtained but there is no
marked improvement in the cigarette smoke so far as nicotine
and solids content is concerned. On the other hand, If
the porosity Is less than about I second, the paper is so
porous that it may lose its strength and it may be difficult
15 to keep the cigarette wra ed therein lighted, and thus the
cigarette is unsatisfactory for this reason.
The cigarette papers disclosed in this application
may be prepared by any standard method for making papers
having a high degree of natural porosity. Thus cigarette
20 papers are usually prepared from cellulosic pulp by conven-
tional processes, and as is the practice in this art,
rather high concentrations of fillers such as calcium car-
bonate may be added to the stock before the paper is formed
Into sheets. As is well known in the general art of paper
25 making, the porosity of a paper may be controlled by the
amounts of filler used, the degree of beating the pulp,
the speed of the paper-making machine, the concentration
of the fibers and fillers in the stock suspension, and the
like. An important concept of this Invention is the pro-
30 vision of a paper which has a natural porosity within the
682127123

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
683748
range indicated above and the use of this paper for wrapping
cigarettes. By the term "natural porosity as used herein
it is intended to mean the porosity of the dry cigarette
paper measured by ASTM designation DT26-55T, the porosity
5 of the paper being that which results from operations in-
cident to the formation of the paper sheet and not due to
the presence of mechanically formed macroscopic perforations
such as those that may be formed by punching or piercing
operations.
10 By wrapping a cigarette In a porous paper in
accordance with the disclosure in this application, the
amounts of nicotine and solids in the smoke of the main
stream may be reduced as much as 40% or 50% of the amounts
present in a cigarette wrapped with the usual cigarette
15 paper having the usual degree of porosity. Furthermore,
smoke and tobacco do not have a tendency to leak through
the cigarette paper, and the cigarette has a good appear-
once and is firm and not subject to the weaknesses that may
be present if the Paper were pierced or perforated by
20 mechanical means.
For a more complete understanding of this invention,
reference will now be made to a specific process for preparing
a cigarette paper and cigarette in accordance with one em-
bodement of this Invention.
25 One thousand and fifty grams of dry cellulose pulp
(Collate No. 7768, made by the Canadian International Paper
Co., La Tuque, P.Q.) was torn into small strips and placed
in a Noble & Wood Holland Type Laboratory Beater (manufac-
tured by the Noble & Wood Machine Co., Hoosick Falls, New
30 York) with sufficient water to assure circulation of the
682127lZ4

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
683748
6
pulp. The beating procedure was started with the roll 0.014
inch off the bed plate and maintained in this position for
20 minutes. The roll was lowered to 0.0084 inch off the bed
plate and maintained in this position for 20 minutes, lowered
5 to 0.0056 inch off the bed plate and maintained in this
position for 10 minutes, lowered to 0.0028 Inch off the bed
plate and maintained in this position for 10 minutes, and
lowered to the bed plate and maintained in this position for
120 minutes. At the end of the beating cycle the stock was
10 withdrawn from the beater, 3-1/2 pounds of U. S. P. precipita-
ted calcium carbonate was added and the slurry was passed
through a Sprout Waldron Laboratory Disc Refiner (manufac-
tured by the Sprout Waldron & Co., Inc., Muncy, Pennsylvan-
la) three times with an indicated disc clearance of -0.002
15 inch. The freeness of the stock as determined on a Schopper-
Riegler Freeness Tenter was 120 ml. per two grams of dry
stock weight.
The stock was transferred to the stock cheat of a
Midget Fourdrinier Paper Making Machine (manufactured by
20 Bruder Kammerer, Osnabruck, Germany) and made into a sheet
approximately 8 inches wide, weighing approximately 2.1 gram
per square foot (dry weight). The paper was collected in
two rolls. Analysis of this paper showed that the porosity
was 26.4 seconds per 100 ml. air per square inch; the tensile
25 strength was approximately 4.5 pounds per inch In the machine
direction of the paper and the calcium carbonate (filler)
content was 21.2 per cent. This paper Is used in a conven-
tional manner for wrapping a cigarette having reduced nicotine
and total solids in the main smoke stream when the cigarette
30 la smoked.
C82127125

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO. LITIGATION. PROTECTIVE ORDER,
683748
7 -
It will be appreciated that the foregoing method is
only one specific procedure for preparing a cigarette paper
having the desired porosity and other standard well known
methods for producing high porosity papers may, of course,
5 be used. Thus any cellulose pulp, such as flax pulp, may
be used and the filler may be of any type known to be suit-
able for the purpose, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium
carbonate, titanium dioxide, starch, clay, etc. The filler
usually constitutes between about 15% and 40% by weight (dry
10 basis) of the paper and may be varied to regulate the porosity
or the porosity may be controlled by other means, such as
those above suggested, independently of the filler content.
In order to demonstrate the effect of the increased
porosity of cigarette paper on the nicotine and total solids
15 content of the smoke in the main stream of a cigarette being
smoked, a number of cigarettes were prepared using a conven-
tional blend or cigarette tobacco and papers of different
porosity. In a first experiment four groups of cigarettes
were made, each being 68 mm. long, having a diameter of
20 approximately 25.6 mm. and each weighing between 1.0 to 1.05
grams. Each group was prepared from papers having the dif-
ferent porosities indicated In Table 1. Sample A was the
control in which a commercial cigarette paper having a porosity
of 78.1 seconds was used to wrap the cigarettes. For the
25 determination of nicotine and total solids in the main stream
of the smoke, five cigarettes in each group were smoked using
a conventional puffing machine in which the cigarettes after
being lit were subjected to 35 milliliter puffs of two seconds
duration once a minute until 50 mm. of each cigarette was
30 burned. The nicotine and total solids In the puffed smoke
GSZIL27126

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
683748
8
were determined by standard procedures and the results
are expressed in Table 1 as milligrams of nicotine and of
total solids per cigarette.
Table 1
5 Paper
Porosity Total Total
se ./loo ml. Nicotine Nicotine Solids Solids
sample /sq. in. mg./CiRt. Reduction mg./cigt. Reduction
T8. I 2.09 - 27.6
10 (control)
B 26.i 1.82 12.9% 22.6 i8.i%
C 8.4 1.65 21.0 i6.3 4o.9
D 4.5 0.85 59.3 14.1 48.9
It will be noted from a consideration of Table 1
15 that when the porosity of the paper was increased to 26.1
seconds as In Sample B over the control, there was a marked
reduction in both the nicotine and the total solids in the
smoke from the cigarette. This reduction becomes more
apparent as the porosity of the paper was increased to
20 values of 8.4 and 4.5 seconds, as shown in Samples C and D.
In a second test, essentially the same procedure
was employed except that the cigarettes made for the test
were conventional filter tip cigarettes having an over-all
length of 85 mm., the only difference between the various
25 samples tested being in the porosity of the cigarette paper
employed for wrapping the cigarette. The tests were carried
out in the same manner above indicated. Table 2 shows the
results obtained.
-7 ['Z -7

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
683748
9
Table 2
Paper
Porosity Total Total
sec.1100 ml. Nicotine Nicotine Solids Solids
Sample sq. in, mm./cIRt. Reduction mg./cigt. Reduction
E 66.o 1.47 - 21.1
(control)
F 22.7 1.37 6.8% 18.7 11 .4%
G 4.5 1.25 15.0 15.0 28.9
10 It will be noted from a consideration of Table 2
that the relatively porous cigarette papers of Samples i and
G effected a marked reduction in the nicotine and total solids
content of the smoke as compared with control Sample E which
was prepared from a standard cigarette paper having the
15 indicated porosity.
Thus it will be apparent from the foregoing that a
cigarette paper has been provided which when used to menu-
facture cigarettes provides a product In which the total
amounts of nicotine and solids in the smoke are markedly re-
20 duced, also the cigarette smokes somewhat cooler than ordinary
cigarettes. The porosity may be controlled at the time that
the cigarette paper is being manufactured. The paper Is free
of macroscopic mechanically formed perforations and no special
devices are needed for perforating, punching, or otherwise
25 treating the cigarette paper on the cigarette-making machine.
Also, because of the nature of the small separate pores in
the paper, smoke or tobacco does not have a tendency to leak
through the side walls of the cigarette and the product is
therefore not objectionable on this account.
30 This invention has been particularly described in
connection with the preparation of cigarettes. However, it
will also be apparent that It has application to wrappers
682127-JLZS



(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
683748
10
and binders for other smoking articles, such an cigars,
cigarillos, or the like and wrappers therefor.
While particular embodiments of this Invention are
shown above, it will be understood, of course, that the in-
vention is not to be limited thereto, since many modifies-
tions may be made, and it is contemplated, therefore, by the
appended claims, to cover any such modifications as fall
within the true spirit and scope of this invention.

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
683748
THE EPBODDIOTj OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCU)SIVE
FRCFERW OR PRIVILEGE r, CLAD= ARE DEF334ED AS FOLIMIS:
1. A -making article cempri3inS tobacco and a wrapper therefor, said
wrapper being essentially free from perforations but having, whon.dry, a
natural porosity throughout its area of between about I and about 30 seconds
par 100 milliliters air per squRro Inch measured by WIN Tentative Method
D726-55T, said natural porosity being that which results fr(,m operations
incident to the formation of the wrapper durinG manufacturer
2. A cigarette comprising tobacco and & 00117%103iC pAper wrapper
therefor, said wrapper beinr, essentially from from perforations but havint;,
when dry, a natural porosity throughout its area of between about 1 and
about 30 secones per 100 milliliters &Lr per square Inch Measured by AS-1%
Tentativc i'othoe D726-55T, said natural porosity beinz that which results
from operations incicent to the formation of the wrapper when manufactured.
A ciCa-rette corrxising -jhredded. smokin.--! tobacco and a cellulosic
wra;jAr therefor, said wrapper consisting essentially ofeellulose fibers
havinZ dispersed therein about 155 to IL% by weight of a filler, said wrapper
beina essentially free of perforations but having, when dry, a natural porosity
throughout Its area between about I and about 30 seconds per 100 mill1liters
of air per square inch when masured by ASTM Tentative Fethod D726-5,11T, said
natural porosity being that which results from operations incident to the
formation of the wrapper during manufacture.
4. A cellulosic paper suitable for use as a tobacco wrapper, said paper
.bein,7 ecnentialLy free of perforations but h-ving, when dry, a naturAl porority
throu,:hout its area between about I and about 30 seconds per 100 milliliters
of air p3tr square inch when measured by L1;T1-1 Tentative Method D726-55T, said
natural porosity being that which results from operations incident to the
formation of the paper during manufacture.
5. A process of manufacturing a cigarette which comprises wrappinC
shredded smoking tobacco with a cellulosic cigarette paper essentially free
from perforations but having, when dry, a natural porosity throughout its
area between about I and about 30 seconds per 100 milliliters air per
IC
687-127130

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER
683748
porosity
squFre inch measured by ASTM Tentative Method D726-55T, said natural
being that which results from operations incident to the formation of ths-
paper during manufacture.
IC
68212713-