8850,PF0
Technical Mernorandun-i CNN
NO. TH.80-01-006
Subject
Authors
TO
Circulation
File
Key words
PROJECT GYPSY
Mr. D.E. Creighton
Dr. F. Haslam,
R. A D. Department,
Hillbwik.
Project GYPSY
V19' 1.004
RESTRICTED
May be opened and seen a nly
by the addressee and persons
authorized by addresses.
Date 3rd January, 1980.
CONFIDENTIAL 10 Pr COF71ED OR qH(D\/VrJ 'TO
PERSONS
Cr1\
cc
cc
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
November 1999


LOW TAR TO NICOTINE RATIO CIGARETTES
The objectives of two projects, GYPSY and ROMANY,
are
to design and manufacture cigarettes with low tar
to nicotine
ratios. When the projects were started in
1976-1977 cigarettes
with the greatest sales in the U.K. had delivery
ratios in the
region of 14-18:1 (1.5-1.8mg nicotine).
At about this time the results of a three month
study
of human smoking patterns were analysed in GR&DC
(Report No.
RD.1530) which reached the conclusion that
nicotine was a major
determinant of smoking behaviour. The view was
expressed that
there could be commercial advantages in the
production of cigarettes
which. gave less tar for the same delivery of
nicotine, as such
cigarettes would occupy lower positions in the
league table but
be as satisfying to the smoker. Dr. M.A.H. Russell
expressed
the view more dramatically as "Smokers smoke for
nicotine and die
for tar". He also published in a medical journal a
paper expressing
this view more scientifically but still
speculating that low tar
to nicotine delivery ratios would be to the long
term advantage
of the smoker who could not give up smoking
altogether. He
recommended Carlton King size cigarettes with a
tar to nicotine
ratio of 10:1.
An examination of the cigarette design handbook
suggested
that if a high nicotine delivery blend was used
together with a
high efficiency filter, high paper permeability
and filter tip
ventilation, then tar to nicotine ratios of better
than 10:1 could
be designed. It remained to be seen whether they
could be
manufactured and whether they were acceptable to
smokers of
conventional cigarettes.
Effort was directed in Product Development to
design
cigarettes using tobacco blends similar to the
lamina portion of
Capstan Full Strength (Table 1). A number of
versions were
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
November 1999


produced and evaluated (KIOI-KI33, Table 2). many
of the designs
were rejected as they had very high impact but low
mouthfeel and
poor smoke texture. The smokers felt that they did
not get a
good mouthful of smoke but tended to become
'woozy' towards the
end of a cigarette. Two cigarettes K129 and K113
were considered
by the PDG to be worthy of further testing.
As our thinking in Southampton and that of Dr.
Russell
at the Institute of Psychiatry seemed to be
running on parallel
tracks, Dr. Russell was approached by Dr. R.E.
Thornton with a
view to setting up a collaborative study. Dr.
Russell was
agreeable and cigarettes with a tar to nicotine
ratio of 7:1
were supplied for what became known as "Dr.
Russell's Safer
Cigarette Study". This cigarette was also made
from the high
nicotine blend (Blend Rl) fitted with a dual
filter, porous tipping
and high permeability paper (see Table 3). The
smoking qualities
of this cigarette were not good when compared with
a cigarette
of more conventional blend and design (Table
3)(similar tar level
but normal f16:11 tar to nicotine ratio). Due to
the high
overall level of ventilation the test cigarette
was difficult to
light, with initially a very low delivery of
smoke. The cigarette
took 12 puffs to smoke under standard conditions
compared with
10 puffs for the control cigarette with more
conventional design.
The taste and flavour characteristics of the low
tar to nicotine
ratio cigarettes were judged to be poor.
Design studies continued in Product Development
where
ventilated tipping was used in place of the porous
tipping.
Blend design philosophy was to use high nicotine
delivery tobaccos.
Some of the tobaccos used in earlier trials were
upper stalk position
grades, which are usually reserved for pipe
tobacco blends. it
was felt that it could be these upper stalk grades
that were
CC)
CO
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 1
November 1999


upsetting the taste and flavour and
impact-irritation balance
aspects cf the smoke. Three new blends (NG1, NG2,
NG3, Table 4)
were formulated by Leaf Department which contained
none of the
tip grades but all cigarette quality leaf grades
from the 1977 US
crop. Due to climatic conditions the 1977 US crop
was exceptionally
high in nicotine but of poor smoking quality. (It
was, however,
realised that there was insufficient of this
tobacco to support
a brand.) A series of cigarettes were made,
L500-L505 and M184-
M186 (Table 5) from these blends. Tar to nicotine
ratios of 7:1
were achieved but again the smoking qualities were
judged to be
poor, with high impact, poor smoke texture, high
irritation and
unbalanced taste and flavour characteristics. From
these tests
it was concluded that there was nothing inherently
wrong with
the use of the upper stalk position grades in the
blend, but it
could be that the target levels of 10mg tar with
1.0, 1.2 and 1.4mg
of nicotine were essentially unbalanced. The
design was changed
to achieve a delivery with less than 1.2mg
nicotine.
it was also found in other projects where low tar
delivery
cigarettes were required that low tar to nicotine
ratios could be
achieved using conventional Virginia tobacco
blends such as Blend
72 (Benson & Hedges) and Blend 48 (State Express)
. The cigarettes
made from these blends (MI81-MI83 and M417 Blend
48 and M414-416
Blend 72) had tar to nicotine ratios of 8-10 with
PMWNF (tar)
deliveries of 6-9mg (Table 6). These cigarettes
were not judged
to have gccd taste and flavour characteristics and
had poor
smoking mechanics.
The advice of Leaf Department was again sought to
provide
a blend which ventilated well (i.e. maintains an
acceptable taste
balance at low delivery). Mr. I.R. Snowden of Leaf
Department r"J
drew our attention to the Swiss B & H Luxury Mild
cigarette which
ON
CJO
Oc
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 1
November 1999


had a delivery of 1. 4mq TNA, 12. 6mg PM14NF (tar
to nicotine ratio
9 :1) . Consequently some B & H Luxury Mild blend
(modified blend
as in Table 7) was ordered and has been made into
cigarettes which
have tar to nicotine ratios of 7-10:1 with tar
deliveries of
6-10ma (Table 8). These cigarettes have not been
fully evaluated
but initial taste and flavour reactions are the
most favourable yet.
D.E. CREIGHTON
DC/A.H/E.1.004
3 rd january, 1980.
cc
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
November 1999


TABLE I
BLEND R1
c 1-, 2 15%
C p. -, 5%
R --- W 20%
HZ-,,i 15%
H 2 Z 5%
A -7 --, E 7h%
17 7~%
15%
K::L 10%
Blend n-'cotine 3.4%
Reducing sugar 15.6%
Total Sugar 19.9%
DC/AH/E.I.OC4
3.1.80
0-
CO
CDC
C7 \
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
November 1999


TABLE 2
LOW 7L.. TO NICOTINE RATIO CIGARETTES
TOBACCO TAR TO
FILTER PAPER TIPPING ROD TPM Pf1WNF NICOTINE
CARBON NICOTINE
LENGTH PERM, PERfl. LENGTH MONOXIDE RATIO
MM Cu Cu MM MG MG MG MG
U11 15 50 300 64 28 22 2.6 3 8.5
K109 20 50 300 64 24 20 2.1 13 9.5
Yd12 25 50 300 64 16 ja 1.6 NM 8.8
K121 20 50 600 64 15 13 1.4 11 9.3
K133 20 50 900 64 11 9 1.2 8 7.5
K107 15 120 300 64 26 21 2.4 12 8.8
K105 20 120 300 64 20 17 1.9 11 8.9
K108 25 120 300 64 14 12 1,5 10 8.0
K117 20 120 600 64 15 12 1.8 6 6.7
K129 20 120 900 64 11 -10 1.3 9 7.7,
K103 15 200 300 64 22 18 2.0 10 910
K101 20 200 300 64 17 14 1.7 9 8.2
K104 25 200 300 64 13 10 1.4 12 7.1
K113 20 200 600 64 10 7 4_ 5.4
K110 20 50 300 60 23 19 2.1 10 9.0
K122 20 50 600 60 17 14 1.8 9 7.8
K134 20 50 900 60 14 11 1~4 7 7.9
K106 20 120 300 60 17 14 1.7 10 8.2
K118 20 120 600 60 11 9 1.4 6 6.4
1 K130 20 120 900 60 11 8 1.2 4 6.7
K102 20 200 300 50 15 13 1.5 5 8.7
K114 20 200 600 60 15 13 1.5 7 8.7
K126 20 200 900 60 10 8 1.2 3 6.7
BLEND RI WAS USED FOR ALL SAMPLES -:-.4
2.5Y/40,000 ACETATE TOW AND 3,000 CORESTA PLUGWRAP
WHICH GAVE
A BOUND PD OF 490mmK PER 120MM F11-77 ROD.
DC/AH/E.1.004
3.1.80
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 1
November 1999


T,L3 LE 3
CIGARETTES SUPPLIEZ TO DR. M.A.H. RUSSELL
8548Y 394B5
Blend R 1 72
Filter length mm 20 20
Plugwrap permeability CU 3,000 not porous
Filter material !.!=n MYRIA 6mm CA CA
Tipping permeability CU 900 not porous
Tobacco rod length mm 64 64
TPM mg 12 13.6
PMr,4NZF mg 10 11
Nicotine mg 1.2 0.7
Carbon monoxide mg 6.8 12.9
Tar to nicotine ratio 8.5 15.6
DC/AH/E.1.004
3.1.80
c0
cc
co
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
November 1999


TABLE 4
TOBACCO BLENDS NGI, NG2, NG3 OF 1977 US CROP
NGI NG2 NG3
EE 10% 5 % -
E2 W 5% 2.5% -
HE 10% 5 % -
HW 5% 2.5W -
L2 XE 10% 12.5% 15%
AF2E 5% 7.5t 10%
AF2W 5% 5 % 5%
MFW - 2.5% 5%
D2 W - 2.5% 5%
D2 E - 2.5% 5%
CF2E - 2.5% 5%
CF2W - 7.5% 15%
CS3X 10% 5 % -
CDC2 15% 12.5% 10%
CR2 10% 10 % 10%
CAF2X 5% 5 % 5%
CRS 10% IG % 10%
Blend NicotL%e 2.5% 2.95% 3.4%
DC/AH/E.1.004
3.1.80
(Z)
c0
CXD
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
November 1999


C)
(1)
.0
E
(1)
>
0
z
T-
m
m
E
m
0
4)
C.)
S
0
L.
CL
L.
E
0
V
0
IN-2168'M
ClWi
MS
W W TA BL E 5
US
CRO
P
TOR
ICC
OS
IT H 1977
L5 00 L501 L502 L5 03 L5 04 L 505 f1184 K85 , W 6
To aAcc o B LE te
%3
W
3
W
2
t
o
to
t
o
NU
FI LTER MA TE RIA L 2. 5y 4 G,0 09 2. 5Y 40,W0 2.
5Y 40, OW 2. 5Y 4 0,0W 2. 5Y 4 0,O W 2 .5Y 40,000
2.5Y 40,0W 2. 5Y 40, 000 2. 5Y L 0,0 00
FI LTER LE WU H M 2 0 213 20 2 0 2 0 20 20 20 2 0
PL LUAA P PE RM W IL ITY CU
5,0
00
5,
(W
5,
W0
5
,O
W
5
,0
00
5,
OW
5
, WO
5,
000
5,
o
oo
BO UM P O FI LIE R Cjli -.(i 8, 4 911
8
.7
8.
8
3.
8
8
. f)
9.2
9
.2
9.
4
PA PER P ER ME MI LI TY CU 5 7 61 52 5 3 5 1 118
47 47 12 3
Ti ppiNG
0,4
B 3 R
4,
ENK OW
44.
ERT
6
811
0.
Z
15,4,5
GENE
8 ti,
(41A
0.
LA
15,
UCE
4,
NE
5 0, 3
4 x
FE R
O,
NK ow
4 x0,6
ERT
0, 3
4 x
BE R
O.
NK ow
4 xO
ERT
.6
a
M,0.
MAL
15,4,5
MCENE
K0
MAL
,15,4,5
MCENE
91
K
,0.
DRY
q
15,
LIN
ArE
4,5
E
NE
0.4
D
B 1
xO
R
EN R
.
YL
K OW
4 xO.
INE
ERT
6
To BAcco R OD LE NG TH M 6 11 64 64 6 4 6 4 64 64
64 6 4
TP M vG 11 .6 1 5.3 1 9.9 15 .5 12 ,8 1 5,0 16.4 1
5.0 1 3 .0
RI O 10 .1 1 2.8 1 7.1 B .6 10 .7 1 2.4 12.9 1 2.4
1 0 .4
NI COTIN E VG 0. 92 1 .25 1 .611 1. 31 1. 23 1 .45
1.63 1 .59 1, 43
TA P TO Ni c0 TIN E RA TIO U . 0 1 0.2 1 0.4 10 .4
8 .7 8.6 7.9 7.8 7 .3
CA FW14 MO tJO XID E MG 13 .3 9.8 1 3.9 10 .1 9 .3
U.9 11.2 1 0,2 8 ,6
RJ
VE FF NO
WILA .
TI
N
2 10
3 .4
7 9.9
28 9.9
21 10
3 .3
4 10
3 .7
7 9.9
28 11.0
23
1
0.9
x
1
0
2
.6
7


E
4)
0
z
T-
m
:5
E
U)
0
0
%~..
0
E
0
0
1022 1689 1
1-
00 D
ELI
VE
RY
CI
PIAD TI TL E 6
OM CON
VI3710
1 A
L VI
RG
INI
A
BL
I
M
E FR
GAR EM
fa 8 l K1 32 M8 3 M 17 M i ll PY 11 5 M 16
To a Ac co BLE W 1 18 1 13 48 4 3 72 7 2 72
F IL TE R WE RIA L 2
110 . S
,0 Y
00
* (-A
U -IA
ffAl
o
11 M
010 Y
)9
AN W
9, A
0541
0
NI 14
SE -
0 A
5410
N
164 WA
65
L65
M
S6 WA
110
56
F IL TE R L ENG TH m 20 2 0 20 2 0 20 2 0 20
P LL 0 4RA P PE WIE M ILI TY (1J 51 w o - 5 ,( M -
- - -
B ou ND P D FI LTE R cm WG 9 . 7 8 10 9. 3 9 .3 8
. 7 7 .5 4 .3
P AP ER P E WF ABI LI TY CU 48 1 91 44 3 7 42 4 0
42
T IP PI NG
0.
+ I
44
DR
BEN R
.1
Y
K OW
4.
LINE
ERT
6
4 M,
MA
0.
LA
15,4
UCE
,5
NE
0 3
.4
BE Ro
4.
NK ws
40.6
ERT
41,
IIA
0.
LA
15,4
UCEN
,5
E
l
tl,
tk
O.
LA
1
U
5,4,5
CENE
6 M
q
,0.
kLA
15
L)C
,4,5
ENE
8 P
P
U.1
kLk
5,4
XE
,5
NE
T os Ac co ROD LE NG TH mm 64 6 4 64 6 4 64 64 64
T PM m 1 0. 7 9 .8 6. 7 9 .8 9 . 1 7 .9 7 .0
P1 .1 4f P r. 8 . 8 8 .2 5. 7 8 .3 8 . 0 6 19 6 .2
N IC O TIN E MG 0 .8 9 0. 92 0.7 2 9. 90 0 .6 4 0.
5 8 0 .64
T AR T O N ICO TIN E RAT IO 9 1 9 8 .9 7. 9 9 .2
12 . 5 11 . 9 9 .7
C AIl BO N M ONO XID E PIG, 9 . 6 7 .6 5. 6 5 .1 7
. 0 4 .7 2 .9
P
V UF
EN F
T No
ILA .
T
ION
% 1 0.
29 6 10
3 .4
5 In.
32 6 10
4 .3
6 1 0.
38 9 11
5 .
9 1 1 1.6
66
CD


TABLE 7
MODIFIED B & H LXURY MILD BLEND (SWITZERLAND)
AF2E 3
AF2W 2
L2 XE 5
E2 E 6
H2 E 10
HE 5
HW 3
L1 XE 3
MF2E 6
TUE 5
T1 XW 3
B4 VT 2
BKBT 2
1 DS 2
US 4
CAF2 2
BCD2A 3
BCE1 10
WTS 24
100
DC/AH/E.1.004
3.1.80
00
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
November 1999


M
E
4)
>
0
z
qrl
25
m
E
(A
0
0
0
E
0
V
0
10221689")
C ME VI T1 4 r WIFI SS B 9 11 L UX URY M IL D B
LFJ D
KA U R S
B) S WI
M 5. u M 51 2 M 5 B P 5 14 P5 15 M 516 M517 1,1
518
Tc
B
ACC
O P
JLE
ND
Sw
l MO
ss D
B
w
Sw l
j b
Ss o
Bm
Sw
i M
s OD
s BW.
Sw
i MO
ss D
B
M
Sw M
is OD
s
W!
Sw r
is m
s B
&H
Swi MDD
ss
m
l
S M
wis ol)
s
R&H
FI L TER MA TE RIA L 1
35 .8
, 5Y
M) 1
35 . 8
,0 5Y
W 3
45 .
, 5Y
000 1
35 .8
, 5Y
n
NL f
V WA
A%
24
AN 1
S4 1,41
77
M7
ANS tilA
492
747
A
NS4 WA
7
W
FI L TER LE ws TH Pit 2 0 20 2 0 2 0 20 20 20 20
PL U GWR AP PE NIE AB ILI TY CU 5 10 00 5 ,0 00 5
, U 5 , U - - - -
Bo u ND PI) FI LTE R at WG 8. 9 8. 6 7 .6 8. 6 8
.3 8 .1 6.9 8 .0
P AP ER PER ME ABI LI TY CU 12 0 51 1 26 H 6 1 24
u9 m 45
T IP PIN G
0
A
D
B 2
X
R
E R
O
YL
NY ow
AX
IN
ER
0.6
E
T
O
A
D 2
X
R
BE R
O
YL
NK ow
AX-9
INE
ERT
.6
0
. 3
4 x
BE
O
N Row
,4 x0,
KERT
6
DA
P 3
4
E
N
.44
KER
.6
T
9
1,
MA
0,
LA
15,
UCE
4,5
NE
L1
1,
MA
0.
LA
15,
UCE
4,5
NE
LIM.,0
VAL
.15
AUC
,4,
ENE
5
SM
M
0.
ALA
15
uc
A5
E NE
T OB ACC O ROD LE NG TH mm 6 4 64 6 4 6 4 64 64 64
64
T PM 7. 2 8. 7 8 .4 6 .2 6 .8 U .5 12.3 8 .4
R I- If m 5. 8 7. 2 7 .0 5 .1 5 .6 9 .6 1011 6 .9
N IC OT INE MG 0 . 68 0 . 80 0. 76 0 . 74 0 .70 1
.14 1.09 0 .72
I AR TO N ICO TIN E RA TIO 8. 5 9. 2 9 .2 6 .9 8 8
.4 9.3 9 .6
C AP IM M ONO XID E MG 4. 8 6. 5 5 .7 3 .7 2 .9 6
.0 6.2 3 .1
P
V UF
EN F
TIL No.
AT
ION
Z 9.
4 9
9 9.
47 2 10
5 .1
0 1 0
5 .0
2 1 9.2
63 9 .6
41 10.1
41 9 .5
65