Copy No.
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
TO NO. Is OF ASSOCIATED COMPANIES
SMO=G AND HEALTH
Develorments since March 1969
Since the document attached to Mr. D-zbscn's
letter of 25th March 1969 was sent to all Yo- Is
there
have been certain major developments which have
led us
to re-examine our policy in this matter.
In the U.S.A. an Act has recently, been si.Szed.
by the President which makes it illegal to
ad-vertise
cigarettes an TV or radio after Ist Januazy -1971.
In Canada the Report of the House of Commors
Standing Committee on Health, Welfare and Social
Affairs on Tobacco and Cigarette Smoking was
published
in December 1969. Despite the Canadian tobacco
industry's well prepared and presented evidence at
the Hearings the report was Inteasely hosti-le to
the
industry and recommended phased legislation which
would
lead to the elimination of all cigarette
advertising
and promotional activities within four years- It
remains to be seen what legislative action the
Canadian
government will take.
In the U.K. the Royal College of Ph.,-sicians has
just published its Report on Jfiir Pollution, Thia
contains only minor references to the dangers of
cigarette smoking but it -will be followed i-n the
autumn, of this year by a fu-11 sca-le Report b7
the
R.C.P. on Smoking and Health which is expected t_-
be
extremely hostile to the industry and recommend
Scvern-
ment action, particularly in the fields of
Fdvertising
and promotion.
At the plenary session of the Pon-American Health
Organisation in September 1969 a resolution was
passed
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requesting the Director to report to the next
plenary
session on:-
(a) Measures which have been taken to control
the advertising of cigarettes by restriction
or by the inclusion in promotional material
of appropriate warnings.
(b) Other possible methods of warning the public.
(c) Measures which might be taken to control
smoking in places of work or in public
galleries.
In furtherance of a resolution adopted by the
World
Health Organisation, the Director General
submitted to
the World Health Assembly on May Ist 1970 a report
on
Smoking and Health prepared by Professor C.M.
Fletcher
and Dr. Daniel Horn. The first tnio
recommendations of
this Report were:-
(1) Legislation should be enacted to place the
tar and nicotine content on cigarette packets
and in advertisements as well as a warning
of the health hazards entailed in cigarette
smoking.
(2) The advertising and promotion of cigarettes
should be reduced, with a view to its
eventual elimination.
A summary showing the existing situation worldwide
regarding enforced or voluntary restrictions in
the
use of advertising media is attached (Appendix A).
At a meeting of the American Cancer Society in
New York on 5th February this year, Doctors
Hammond and
Auerbach announced that tumours had been produced
in
the lungs of animals by cigarette smoke. Although
the experiment has not yet been published in any
scientific journal it was claimed that a number of
beagles who smoked either plain or filter
cigarettes
through tubes inserted in the trachea developed
tumours
in their lungs and two which smoked plain
cigarettes
developed malignent lung tumours of a type similar
to that found in human lung cancer. Other work in
Germany and the U.K. which will be published in
due
course has shown that tumours can be produced in
the
lungs of other experimental animals (rats and
hamsters)
by cigarette smoke.
Following consideration of the implications for
the B.A.T. Group of the developments referred to
above,
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it is thought desirable to set out revised
guidelines
to be observed wherever possible in fu-hire by
members
of the Group in their approach to the smoking and
health controversy.
B.A.T. LeadershiD
The fact that we are the largest tobacco company
in the world, with extensive interests in many
countries,
imposes on us the responsibility to persuade other
members of the industry to agree to behave in ways
-
likely to safeguard the future of the industry as
a
whole. Wherever we can we should exercise
leadership
within the industry on the question of Smoking and
Health whenever this subject is raised. The
growing
threat to the industry in a number of countries is
that its operations will be seriously restricted
by
legislation. B.A.T. should not subscribe to
industry
attitudes which we consider are, through their
intran-
sigence, likely to provoke the legislation we seek
to
avoid. Our aim is to persuade all those concerned
-
other members of the industry, members of the
medical
profession and Governments - towards courses of
action
which are designed to preserve the industry's long
term commercial interests and at the same time to
be
as reasonable and realistic as possible in the
light
of scientific developments.
B.A.T. Policy
1. As indicated above, the over-riding policy of
B.A.T. is to discourage and delay the process of
restrictive legislative action by governments in
every way possible so as to allow maximum time for
research to establish the precise relationship
between
cigarette smoking and lung cancer and other
diseases
so that the possibility of any injury to the
smoker's
health can be diminished or eliminated.
In order not to provoke government acthn it seems
prudent to avoid linnecessary con-flict between
the
industry, the medical authorities and government.
The medical authorities are the strongest single
influence on government restrictive action in the
field of smoking and health. They are also the
arbiters
of the health effect of any product changes we may
make.
In the last analysis, therefore, the views of
informed
medical authorities will affect the future of the
industry.
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An important objective of the industry must
therefore
be to obtain the goodwill of influential medical
opinion and to avoid adopting attitudes which
provoke
unnecessarily the hostility of the medical
profession.
While in the past it has seemed good sense for
the industry to contest the validity of all the
evidence
against smoking (and may still be necessary to
avoid
damages in lawsuits), there is little doubt that
the
inflexibility of this attitude is beginning to
create
in some countries hostility and even contempt for
the
industry among intelligent, fair-minded doctors.
As
these are among the people whom the industry most
seeks to influence it is thought that we should
reconsider our basic answer on the question of
causation which it is suggested should be
expressed
in future as follows:-
"As tobacco manufacturers we are not competent to
express any authoritative view on a medical
matter.
We recognise that a substantial number of medical
authorities have expressed the opinion that a
causal
relationship has been established between
cigarette
smoking and lung cancer and certain other
diseases,
while some doctors and other scientific experts
have
expressed doubts about some of the evidence. It
seems
to us that, in the absence of clinical proof of
the
mechanism involved, causation at the present time
remains an open question. A solution to the
problem
will only be found through research and, since the
matter first arose, the industry itself has made
and
is continuing to make the major contribution in
this
field."
The opportunity should also be taken to recall
the statement in the 1962 Report of the Royal
College
of Physicians that smoking is "a habit which most
smokers enjoy without injury to their health".
Reference
could also be made to the benefits which smolers
derive
from the habit and in this context to the comments
which appeared in the 1964 Report of the U.S.
Surgeon
General which read as follows:-
"What would satisfy the psychological needs of
the 70,000,000 Am-ericans who smoked in 1963 if
they were suddenly deprived of tobacco? ......
If the thesis is accepted that the fundamental
nature of man will not change significantly in
the foreseeable future, it is then safe to pre-
dict that man will continue to utilise pharma-
cologic aids in his search for contentment."
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2. If we consider that the adoption of this more
realistic view of the evidence is likely in the
end to
be more effective in securing the survival of the
industry, we should not react to the aggressive
tactics
of anti-smoking lobbies by adopting similar
tactics our-
nelves, e.g. while concurring with the extracts
from the
Ri!pni-1; clijoLed nbovn, wo :.11otiJd no[,
Lnitiat(- widespread propaganda on the benefiti:
of muokine
in order to retaliate against those who exhort
smokcrs to
relinquish the habit. We believe that hostility or
exagg(,-rated self-defence on our part,
particularly on
a public platform, is apt to breed hostility and
self-
,],~fence in others; and that attack is liable to
create
counter attack and accelerate the process of
legislation.
In the long run, therefore, it is likely to be
aamaging to B.A.T., and to the industry to act as
though a "war" exists between the industry and the
government on Smoking and Health. If a "war"
exists,
or is believed to exist, then it is one which in
the
end we stand to lose. Some form of agreement or
compro-
mise between the industry and the government is
inevitable
in order to maintain the industry's survival and
prosperity.
Our policy in summary, therefore, is that
negotiation
should be pursued to its limits, both within the
industry
and between the industry and the medical
authorities
and government, in order to fend off anti-smoking
legislation.
3. To this end it is important that, in those
countries
where the industry is carrying out or sponsoring
research
of any kind, it should keep the medical
authorities fully
informed and welcome their collaboration and
advice. It
should also make known to them the extent of the
research
effort by the industry in other countries. Details
of
research expenditure up to the end of 1969 by the
B.A.T.
Group are attached (Appendix B).
In countries where the local industry has
sponsored
no research to date, it should provide the
Ministry of
Health or appropriate medical authority with
information
about industry research in other countries.
In this connection it is appreciated that the
provision
of information about industry research into
Smoking and
Health may lead the medical authorities to comment
that
the fact that the industry is heavily involved in
research
of this nature is tantamount to an admission by it
that
its products are harmful. To deal with this
situation,
if it arises, it may be useful to quote from the
document
attached at Appendix C which sets out the reasons
why
the Group is engaged in research.
4. An agreed industry approach should be sought in
all countries, because individual and differing
company
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responses demonstrate uncertainty and dissension
within
the ranks of industry in the eyes of governments
and
single-minded anti-smoking groups. Such discord
can
only damage the interests and reputation of the
industry.
5. It follows that it is the duty of associated
companies
to be well-informed on government attitudes to
Smoking and
Health, forewarned and alert to likely government
action,
knowledgeable about ministerial intentions and the
influence
ancl ;--ignificancr, of anti-smokinG groups.
G. What legislative action are governments most
likely
to take?
(a) Prohibition of smoking. This can probably
be discounted owing to the fact that
governments are loath to interfere with the
liberty of the individual to this extent or
to face the political consequences of such
interference. Governments are also aware of
the dangers of removing the means which
smoking provides of meeting the psychological
and pharmacological needs of many people.
(b) Excessively high taxation as a means of
stopping
cigarette consumption. This would present
governments with severe problems of tax evasion
and smuggling and is therefore unlikely to be
acceptable to them.
(c) Prohibition of cigarette advertising and other
forms of promotion.
(d) Publication of tar and nicotine figures.
(e) Cautionary labelling.
7. In support of accepted commercial practice in
free
enterprise countries, B.A.T. is opposed in
principle to
the imposition of restraints or restrictions on
advertising,
coupon trading or other types of promotion. B.A.T.
considers that smoking is an adult choice and does
not
direct its advertising at the young. There is
little
or no evidence that advertising increases total
consumption.
We believe however that legislation is worse for
the industry than self-imposed restraints.
Voluntary
restrictions present the industry in a more
favourable
light than the imposition of legal controls or
prohibitions
and all the bad publicity for the industry which
they
engender.
We also believe that, provided there is unanimity
of action by the industry, companies within the
Group
in certain countries and in certain circumstances
may
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derive benefit from offering to accept voluntary
restrictions at a significantly earlier stage than
the
moment when legislation is the only alternative.
For
instance, if by offering voluntary restrictions at
an
early stage the industry could gain the goodwill
of the
medical authorities and the government or bring
about a
significant change in the attitude of the medical
profession
w!lich was previously hostile to it, then such a
move
would be in the long-term interests of the
industry.
There is a natural reluctance to accept voluntary
restrictions, but, when viewed objectively, it may
be
less harmful than might be supposed to forfeit the
use
of one or more of the normal advertising media. It
might in certain circumstances not be harmful at
all.
For example, if one of the normal advertising
media were
to be replaced by effective merchandising aimed
directly
and solely at the consumer (i.e. at point of
sale),
then this might be less likely than TV, Radio,
Cinema
and Press advertising to aggravate the opponents
of
smoking.
In the wea of sales promotion, enticements or
incentives which could be construed by the
opponents of
smoking as appeals to children, such as sweets,
toys,
children's games or children's gramophone records
should
of course be avoided.
B. It should be emphasised that an offer by the
industry
to institute voluntary restrictions does not
necessarily
imply that it accepts that such concessions are
justified
by known facts. Offers of this kind are made in
deference
to the strongly held view of a number of people
who
consider that the smoking habit is offensive and
potentially
dangerous and that it should be discouraged.
We believe that the first step in a more
conciliatory
policy, is for the industry in each country, if it
has
not already done so, to agree to a voluntary
advertising
code which defines certain restrictions in the
content
of advertisements (e.g. no health claims, no
appea2s to
the young, etc.)
It is difficult to set out guide lines as to the
order of priority in which, when the industry
deems it
advisable, voluntary restrictions beyond those in
the
advertising code should be offered. Priority will
obviously depend very much on the immediate
circumstances,
the media in use and the local importance of each
of
these media. An important factor to be taken into
consideration by all associated companies, who may
be
faced with decisions as to whether the industry
should
offer to accept partial or total restrictions of
advertising media, is their own share of the
market.
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Companies with a dominant share of the market can
face
limitations with much more equanimity than
companies
with a minority share, whose chances of increasing
this
share would be prejudiced by the loss of
advertising
facilities.
It seems to us desirable that associated companies
in the latter position should seek out alternative
concessions to voluntary media restriction which
might
be offered to governments which are likely to ask
for
some positive action by the industry. Having
chosen
one or other of these alternative concessions, the
problem
still remains of convincing the rest of the
industry that
this is the most desirable step to take, but
alternative
concessions to voluntary media restrictions, which
might
be considered, are:-
(a) Publication of Tar and Nicotine Figures
The publication of tar and nicotine tables seems
relatively harmless. Publication of such figures
may indeed be of real help to the industry since
they give nervous smokers an opportunity to
continue
to smoke with what they see as relative safety.
The industry should however never put itself in
the position that by offering to publish tar/
nicotine figures it is implying that some
cigarettes
are "safer". If there is to be any suggestion of
this, it must come from the government.
The industry should aim wherever possible, if
league tables are to be published, to get tar and
nicotine firmly separated in the public mind. The
least objectionable solution, if both are to be
published, would be to have tar given in specific
figures and nicotine merely in range, e.g. high,
low, medium.
Each company should have available a brand which
will appear at or very near the bottom of tar and
nicotine tables. Obviously also it must ensure
that
the filter version of any one brand yields less
tar
than the corresponding plain version.
Experience shows that publication of tables
damages
the brand at the top and helps the brand at the
bottom but does little else to affect consumer
preference.
In talking to the government about publication of
these figures it is essential that the industry
should advocate the appointment of an independent
laboratory to carry out the tests and it is
suggested
that, when the International Standardisation
Organisation method of analysis comes into world-
wide use after September 1970, this should be the
method adopted to ensure uniformity.
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If the government requests the industry to take
steps to reduce the tar/nicotine content of their
brand, publication of the figures by an
independent
laboratory makes known to the public that the
industry
is cooperating in a responsible manner and tends
to reduce the pressure on government from anti-
smoking elements in the country. Allied to this
there is the question of the possibility that
governments may in future define what is the maxi
tar/nicotine content that is acceptable in a
cigarette. Such action might be welcome to the
industry, in certain circumstances, such as a fall
in total consumption, because the definition of
an acceptable level of tar/nicotine in itself
implies to the public that cigarettes meeting
these standards are "sa-fe", even if the
government
has not explicitly said this. However, the
industry
must ensure that the level set is still an
acceptable
smoke for the consumer by putting forward to
govern-
ment the point that if the level is so low that
the con-miner does not get adequate satisfaction,
he may well increase his personal consumption to
achieve this.
As regards the printing of tar/nicotine figures on
packs it is recommended that this should be
strongly
resisted, because there are very great practical
difficulties for the industry in such a move.
The arguments to be put forward to gove = ent on
this score are that because of the time factor
and the difficulty of guaranteeing exactly similar
blending, the figures on individual packs could
be highly misleading. Furthermore, this method
does not allow the consumer to make an easy
comparison
between brand figures, whereas the publication of
brand tables does. Although, as previously
emphasised,
the industry must not in putting forward this
argument
imply that it accepts that the choice of a brand
low in the table is a "safer" choice.
(b) Cautionar7 Labelling on Packs
Cautionary labelling, providing the wording on the
pack is relatively innocuous aad in small print,
might well be less harmful than voluntary
restrictions
on the use of advertising media, particularly to
a company with a minority share of the market.
Obviously it is desirable that the label wording
should use a phrase such as "may be harmful to
health" rather than "causes lung cancer".
Cautionary wording in adver-lising should not be
considered as a voluntary concession.
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(c) "Moderation" Campaign
The Group has always taken the attitude that it
is opposed to smoking to excess and that it is
sensible for consumers to exercise moderation in
smoking as in other things. One of the concessions
which industry might make would be to offer to
government to help finance, within their means, an
advertising campaign advocating moderation in.
smoking. Any such offer would have to be
conditional
on the wording of the advertisements being
acceptable
to the industry. The campaign itself would of
course be organised and run by the government and
there is little reason to suppose that its effect
on total consumption would be drastic. In view
of the fact that the sensational lung cancer
warning poster campaigns in the U.K. had little
effect on total consumption, it is unlikely that
a "moderation" campaign would hit the industry
hard, but the industry would be recognised by
government and the public to be taking a
responsible
attitude in cooperating in this field.
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Lel'-LNVIA A
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND VOLUNTARY RESTRICTIONS
BY THE INDUSTRY IN THE USE OF ADVERTISING MEDIA
SUMMARY OF WORLDWIDE SITUATION - MAY 1970
N.B. This -summary does not include details of
advertising codes referring to the content
of advertisements. This summary is based
on the information currently available to us.
If this information is inaccurate or out of
date on major points, amendments from associated
companies would be welcome and these will then
be circulated.
I. AFRICA
(a) Congo
Under an industry self-imposed code no
advertisements are
placed with Radio, no health claims are made, no
coupon or
additional value schemes are undertaken,
television advertising
has been eliminated and newspaper ads. are limited
to a
maximum size of a half page.
This voluntary agreement
Congolaise des Tabaco in
either party, subject to
(b) EthioDia/Eritrea
In May 1965 a Government
banning radio advertisir43
was signed by Tabacongo and Compagnie
June 1968 and may be terminated by
three months' written notice.
Ordinance was brought into effect
of all tobacco products.
(c) Kenya
Before Rothmans ceased trading in Kenya they had
signed an
agreement with B.A.T. in this territory to the
effect that
neither company would use TV in their cigarette
advertising
campaigns. This code was evolved for financial
rather than
controversial reasons and is still observed by
B.A.T.
Kenya, who have also undertaken not to make health
claims.
(d) Mauritius
When TV was first introduced into Mauritius in
1964 certain
restrictions regarding cigarette advertising
became immediately
applicable. These were that no local brand could
be advertised
except STATE EXPRESS 555 Filter Kings which,
although manufac-
tured locally, is considered to be an 'imported'
brand, and
that any 'imported' brand spot should not be
broadcast before
9 P.M.
(e) Rhodesia
The Rhodesian tobacco industry observes a
voluntary agree-
ment to-restrict TV advertising expenditure to a
maximum of
E15,000 for each company per year.
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(f) Zambia
There has been no government intervention in the
operations
of the industry in Zambia as yet, but a voluntary
ban on
TV advertising of tobacco products is observed.
However,
use of all other media is made by tobacco
companies.
2. CENTUAL AMENUGA
(a) Costa Rica
In September 1969 the tobacco industry in Costa
Rica was
suddenly faced without warning with proposed
legislation
that would reauire a health warning on tobacco
products and
on all advertisements of them.
The bill is expected to come up for consideration
by the
Legislative Assembly during the session beginnin
May 1970.
SOUTH AMERICA
(a) Argentina
A law was promulgated in February 1970 prohibiting
for one
year the advertising of national and imported
cigarettes
on TV, Radio and Cinema.
(b) Chile
The P.R. Officer of the Ministry of Health
published an
article in April last year stating that the
Minister
was about to present a bi.11 which would oblige
all
companies connected with drinkin and smoking to
contribute
to the Ministry a similar amount of money to that
which
they used for their advertising campaigns.
Subsequently
tobacco products were withdrawn from the draft law
but
Companhia Chilena de Tabacos, which is the sole
manufacturer
in Chile, decided to withdraw all media
advertising as a
precautionary measure and this situation still
pertains.
(c) Gu7ana
In reply to a question in Parliament in September
1969
Dr. Sylvia Talbot, Minister of Health, stated that
the
Division of Health Education has been emphasising
in lectures
the dangers that can result from cigarette
smoking.
Dr. Talbot also stated that the Government was
exploring
the possibility of introducing legislation for the
cautionary labelling of cigarette packs and the
restriction
of advertising.
In recent months the industry has been negotiating
with the
Minister. So far there have been no positive
developments.
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(d) Venezuela
In September 1967 the Minister of Communications
issued an
order prohibiting cigarette advertising on
commercial
television in programmes directed specifically to
children
or young persons. Following this the commercial TV
channels
collectively agreed that they would not transmit
cigarette
commercials prior to 7 P.m., with the exception of
programmes
specifically adult-orientated.
4. AUSTRALIA
Federal and State Health Ministers met in June
last year to
consider the results of a survey which had been
carried out
on smoking among schoolchildren by the National
Health and
Medical Research Council, and also to consider
another
Report which the Council had made to them. This
Report
called for health warnings and tar/nicotine
ratings to be
printed on cigarette packs, legislative
restriction on
all forms of advertising and legal administration
of radio
and T.V. time for anti-smoking broadcasts.
At the beginning of March this year at a meeting
of the
Health Ministers it was stated that five States
were ready
to enforce cautionary labelling on packs but that
no action
would be taken until all States agreed on uniform
legislation.
Latest indications are however that for the
present several
States are not prepared to proceed with
legislation.
5. NEW ZEALAND
In April 1963 there was brought into force a
complete
Broadcasting Corporation ban on advertising
cigarettes
and cigarette tobacco on TV and Radio.
6. EUROPE
(a) BelRium
Agreements regarding cigarette and tobacco
advertising
have existed in Belgium since the creation of the
"Federation
des Industries de Tabac" (Fedetab) in May 1947.
These are
reviewed regularly and the last revision took
place in
November 1966. These agreements bring into
operation
restrictions on automatic vending, give-aways,
price, health
claims, and a total ban on television and radio
advertising.
(b) Denmark
In 1962 cigarette advertising on TV was
prohibited.
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(c) Finland
The Tobacco Manufacturers' Association advised the
Minister
of Commerce and Industry in June 1969 of certain
voluntary
restrictions it would institute for the industry.
These
included a complete ban on cinema advertising and
certain
limitations on TV and print media advertising.
(d) France
There is a government imposed ban on all cigarette
advertising
on television.
(e) Holland
The Dutch industry entered into an agreement in
June 1964
not to advertise on TV.
(f) Iceland
A law was passed In Iceland in May 1969 to the
effect that
all cigarette packs should be printed with the
label
"WARNING: Cigarette smoking can cause lung cancer
and
heart diseases".
(9) Italy
A law bannin cigarette advertising on any media at
all
was passed in Italy in 1962.
(h) Norwa7
In March this year the Norwegian Parliament
received a
report from the Social Committee proposing
cautionary
labelling on packs and restrictions on "the scope
of
advertising".
(i) Sweden
On 17th February the Ministry of Health held a
press
conference at which it called on the industry to
prohibit
or heavily restrict all outdoor advertising. It
also
proposed that a scheme should be evolved, in
consultation
with the industry, to introduce cautionary
labelling on
all forms of advertising. In March the goverment
announced
that it was setting up a committee to investigate
the
changes in the constitution that would be needed
to ban
the advertising of tobacco products and alcohol.
(j) Switzerland
There is a government ban on TV and Radio
advertising which
has been in force for some years.
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5
7. INDIA
There is a voluntary restriction in force whereby
the
Cigarette Manufacturers' Association does not use
radio
advertising.
8. PAKISTAN
In 1963 the government enforced a ban on Radio
advertising
of tobacco products. Recently the Central Board of
Television
Film Censors banned the advertising of cigarettes
and
other tobacco products, and also sponsored
progra-es by
cigarette manufacturers, before 8 p.m.
9. U.S.A.
The President has signed the new Cigarette
Advertising
Bill. This Bill prohibits all radio and TV
cigarette
advertising as from 1st January 1971. As from
November Ist
1971 all cigarette packs will have to carry an
amended
cautionary clause reading "The Surgeon General has
deter-
mined that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your
health".
10. U.K.
In 1965 the Government banned all cigarette
advertising on
television.
The Royal College of Physicians will probably be
publishing its
new report on Smoking and Health in October. It is
considered
likely that this report will recommend that the
government
should prohibit all forms of cigarette
advertising.
11. CANADA
The Report of the House of Commons Standing
Committee on
Health, Welfare and Social Affairs on Tobacco And
Cigarette
Smoking was published in December 1969. A summary
of the
recommended legislation was given at the end of
the report,
and this reads as follows:-
(i) Immediate "freeze" on cigarette promotional
expenditures.
(ii) One year from enactment of legislation
Complete elimination of free distribution of
cigarettes and of all coupon and premium
schemes.
No cigarette advertising on television or radio
before 10 p.m.
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WaTming on all cigarette packages and cartons, in
all
cigarette advertising and promotional materials
and on
all cigarette vending machines.
Government authorized statements of tar and
nicotine
levels on all cigarette packages and cartons, in
all
cigarette advertising and promotional materials
and
on all cigarette vending machin s.
(iii) Two years from enactment of legislation
Prohibition of cigarette advertising on television
and
radio.
Prohibition of other than simple brand name
advertisements
in remaining media.
(iv) Four years from enactment of legislation
Complete elimination of all cigarette promotional
activities.
(v) Date of effect unspecified
Cigarette vending machines be placed only where
they
can be under continuing observation by responsible
persons and that prominent display of cigarettes
be
discouraged.
Establishment of standards for cigarettes with
respect
to "fuse" characteristics.
It is not yet known what legislation the Minister
of Health
will recommend to the Canadian cabinet.
GCH/FRH
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APPENDIX B
B.A.T. GROUP
SMOKING & HEALTH RESEARCH EXPENDITURE
(Currency figures converted at current exchange
rates)
Ist March 1970
Country
U.K. - B.A.T.
U.S.A.
Germany
Australia
Canada
Holland
Switzerland
South Africa
Calendar Year 1969 UlD to 31.12.1969
Z 704,000 Z4,671,500
1,174,819 Z 489,508 4,695,174 L179567322
DM 2,450,000 AC 269,083 DM 15,235,000 Z1,673,256
Z 228,596 Z 106,671 1,743,347 L 813,508
0 192,600 L 74,219 1,686,100 L 649,749
f 85,000 E 9,783 f 238,400 Z 27,440
Fr 31,600 Y, 3,056 Fr 99,700 Z 9,642
L 2,000
Z1,656,720 E9,803,417
Approximate
Totals
over LIJ million nearly X10 million
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APPENDIX C
RESEARCH INTO TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND THEIR USE
Smoking has become an important social question.
It is
enjoyed by large numbers of people and in varying
degrees is
of importance to them. But evidence from
epidemiological
studies suggests that smoking may well be causally
related
to lung cancer and other diseases. It is true that
the
epidemiological evidence might support the
hypothesis that
there is a substantial minority of people
pre-disposed to
cancer and other diseases. If such people could be
identified
early enough, it might be possible and would
surely be
desirable to persuade most of them not to smoke or
to
reduce their smoking or to modify the way in which
they
smoke. However, even if it were acceptable as
social
policy, attempts to end the smoking habit for all,
by
enforcement or persuasion do not appear to provide
a
practical answer to the social question. In so far
as
they are successful such attempts, if pushed too
far, may
well create new social dangers. Therefore, so far
as can
be foreseen smoking will remain an important
social habit
bringing to large numbers of people enjoyment and
content-
ment in varying degrees. Hence, while recognising
social
responsibilities, those in the industry recognise
also
their duty to do their best for consumers
consistent with
the duties and responsibilities all companies
have-to the
State, the employees, the shareholders and others.
These views are reflected in our research
objectives
which, in addition to making our products as
pleasing,
satisfying and competitive as we can, include the
investi-
gation not only of all evidence that smoking may
be harmful
but also all such allegations and all serious
suggestions
for the improvement of our products in these
respects.
Significant developments in this latter field are
not being
achieved quickly or easily. There are several
large areas
where we are still quite ignorant and where
progress is
slow. For example, we have very little knowledge
of smoking
behaviour either with reference to the way
individual
cigarettes are smoked by different people or to
the way
changes in cigarettes affect the overall smoking
patterns
of people. Further, although conscientious
empirical
development over many years has led to products
most
satisfying to consumer needs, we have only a
little know-
ledge of the factors which lead smokers to prefer
different
cigarettes or indeed to smoke at all.
We know that the pharmacological effects of
nicotine
are likely to be very important for some smokers
at some
times but we are also aware that psychological
factors are
also important. These psychological factors are
related C)
to the package presentation, colour, aroma, etc.
as well
as to the act of smoking itself. It is a question
of CD
judgement at present whether to regard these
effects and
factors as separable and whether to regard one or
another
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as more important. If nicotine is the main f
actor, we may
regard it as important to measure other smoke
constituents
in relation to the amount of nicotine made
available to the
smoker and to provide the smoker with a choice of
nicotine
Contents. But these other factors such as
packaging,
appearance, tobacco quality, firmness of the
cigarettes,
weight of tobacco may be more important to some
smokers.
None of these factors alone can be considered as
an objective
measure of value of subjective smoking experience.
Thus
only the consumer can evaluate 'Smoking products
in terms
of the money he pays and in the end it is
competitive
presentation of choice that ensures that the
smoker gets
value for his money. Our research and development
aims can
thus bro'Adly be resolved into producing different
smoking
experiences associated with minimum undesirable
side-
effects and minimum cost.
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