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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


RESTRICTED
BATUKE R&D CENTRE
APPLIED RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
STATUS REVIEW NOTES
Period ending March 1986
This document reviews all work at BATUKE R&D
Centre, not
covered by the Fundamental Research Programme.
Therefore,
this Review is predominantly concerned with
General Applied
Research & Development activities - Work Area 602
and with
the technical support provided to the non-CAC
Operating
Companies and Millbank Departments - Work Area
603.
Distribution:
No.1's of Operating Companies.
For Information
Mr. A.L. Heard (6)
Territorial Managers, Millbank (4)
CD
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


RESTRICTED
BATUKE R&D CENTRE
Progress Review: Work Areas 602 and 603
Period ending March 1986
CONTENT
Work Area Key Task Page No.
602. APPLIED RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT - GENERAL
.01 Product Development & Innovation 1
.02 Market Surveys Based on Subjective & 7
Objective Characteristics of Products
.03 Leaf Studies 9
.04 Sensory & Behavioural Evaluation of Products
12
.OS Process Innovation A Application 18
.06 Expansion Technology 20
.07 Equipment & Process Evaluation 21
.08 Analytical Method Development 24
.09 General Scientific Support 26
603. APPLIED RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT - SPECIFIC
.01 Product Development for BAT (UK&E) 27
.02 Brand Analysis for BAT (UK&E) 30
.03 Materials Testing for BAT (UK&E) 31
.04 Technical Investigations on Behalf of 32
BAT (UK&E)
.05 Technical Support to Operating Companies with
35
Established 1:1 Links (Excluding BAT (UK&E))
.06 Technical Support to Operating Companies 37
Excluding BAT (UK&E) and the Established
1 :1 Companies
.07 Analysis for Operating Companies 39
.08 Technical Support to Operating Companies 40
.09 Materials Testing for Purchasing Department 42
.10 Flavour Development & Manufacture 44
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


WORK AREA: 602
APPLIED RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
GENERAL
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


Work Area 602.01
Key Task Product Development & Innovation.
Strategic Objective
To develop new products and, where necessary,
their
associated materials and cigarette making
technology
to meet existing and projected consumer needs.
Status Towards the end of 1985, a new committee
called the Product
Development Steering Group (P.D.S.G.) was
established to
take over from the Millbank Product Development
Committee
(M.P.D.C.). It is the responsibility of this group
to
recommend and/or approve and monitor the progress
of
product development projects which mainly fall
within this
work area. The first P.D.S.G. Report detailing the
Terms
of Reference, Operation and projects has been
circulated
recently and, therefore, these projects will here
be
covered only briefly. In line with the R&D
programme,
projects are described under the three broad
consumer
needs: Smoking Pleasure and Satisfaction, Value
for Money
and Personal and Social Reassurance.
1. Smoking Pleasure and Satisfaction
The two main projects in this area (KILT/SMITH and
FELT)
have the common objective of designing low and/or
ultra-
low tar products with enhanced sensory
characteristics
compared to conventional commercial products at
the same
deliveries.
Project KILT/SMITH concentrates on using novel
filter
approach to meet the above objective and current
emphasis
is on the validation of the two-tube filter and
the Filtrona
deep-slot filter. Progress in this project has
been
4 t.
hampered due to the unavailability of acceptable
quality
V1
filters (from Filtrona) and tubes.
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November 1999


- 2. -
The tubes are now available and a series of base
rods, at
a range of pressure drops, have been produced
using 0.75
and I.Omm i.d. tubes. Some of these have been spin
moulded
to give the final filter products. Filtrona have
promised
deep-slot filters to be available during June.
Test
cigarette samples using mono, dual deep-slot and
two-tube
filters have been prepared for preliminary
evaluation by
an Operating Company. Larger scale consumer tests
have
been scheduled with these sets of filters by
another
Operating Company in August. The results from
these
tests will determine further work, if any, in this
area.
In contrast to KILT, Project FELT has the specific
objective
of using conventional cigarette design technology
to
produce a 9mg tar product which is more acceptable
to the
current 12-14mg smokers than the current 9mg
products.
15 samples have been manufactured involving 3
controls (9,
12 and 14mg tar) and 12 test cigarettes designed
to (a)
enhance impact, irritation (via paper and filter
additives),
(b) modify delivery per puff (via fast burn
papers, shorter
tobacco rods and reduced density), (c) enhance
cigarette
performance under non-standard smoking regimes
(via
combination of paper permeability, filter pressure
drop
and tip ventilation). In-house sensory testing has
been
completed and the statistical analysis is in
progress.
Selected products from this study will be
evaluated by the
smoking behaviour panel and a mini-consumer test
in the
U.K. will also be proposed.
2. Value for Money
To recap, value for money in this context refers
to variable
cost reduction, thus the work in this area is
focused on
the reduction in tobacco weight. However, limited
resources
have also been allocated to the development of
cheaper
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


Tobacco weight reductions can be achieved by (a)
changing
the dimension and shape of the cigarette, (b) by
making a
more effective use of tobacco waste and (c) by
successfully
using higher levels of expanded tobacco in the
product.
a) At equal density, 22% weight savings can be
achieved
by using 8mm (major axis) x 6mm (minor axis) oval
as
opposed to 7.88mm diameter (or 24.75mm
circumference)
cigarette. Technology now exists within R&D to
manufacture oval cigarettes and filter rods but
FTA
has yet to be developed. Limited samples of hand
assembled filter tipped oval cigarettes can be
produced for Operating Companies on request, but
no
further development on FTA is proposed unless
specifically required.
Reducing circumference from 24.75mm to 21.5mm
again
reduces tobacco weight by 2511, assuming equal
density.
Complete cigarette making, tipping and filter
technology
to be able to manufacture large scale samples at a
range of circumferences now exists here in R&D.
Samples of 20mm or greater circumferences can be
produced for Operating Companies. Samples of less
than 20mm circumference, currently being actively
pursued by at least two companies. can also be
produced
provided a clearance is obtained from Marketing
Department, Millbank.
b) The initial explanatory phase using the direct
expansion extruder to re-constitute waste tobacco
(Project DEER), has been completed. The important
findings were that using a number of DEER
materials
of different ingredient formulations, included in
flue-cured cigarettes at 6% level in lieu of
sheet,
the R&D panel were unable to detect any adverse
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1986 B.A.T( U.K. Ezvon)Lssnewd.Thm -t nut be
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November 1999


- 4 -
characteristics in cigarettes. Physical and
chemical
testing indicated that there were virtually no
losses
of nicotine during extrusion and density and fill
value measurements were encouraging.
The next phase of the project is to produce
special
samples for approval by AGP and in parallel, to
evaluate the performance of this material through
the
new cooler, cutter (which are currently being
manufactured), traditional add-back facilities in
primary and finally during secondary manufacture.
This is expected to be completed by the end of
October.
c) In Project RUGBY, aimed at designing high ET
containing
full-flavour cigarettes with normal puff numbers,
it
was found that ash quality (stability and
appearance)
could not be maintained to the standard of the
current
European style products. In addition, the blend
modifications required in order to achieve
acceptable
smoking quality, made this approach financially
less
attractive.
Until recently, delivery and puff number
maintenance
in a full-flavour product whilst increasing ET
content
from 8 to 12%, has been problematical, but this
has
been overcome by reformulating the cigarette paper
-
see Project LIFT, 603-01. Simultaneously, the DIET
process has been improved to give only 10% loss in
nicotine as opposed to 20-25% losses in the past.
Thus a new project - Project LORHO - was started
in
March with the objective of designing a low
density
(25% weight saving compared with 0% ET product),
full-
flavour (14-16mg tar) product with physical,
sensory C=)
and delivery attributes of current commercial
products.
Um
Samples using extreme formulations of Project LIFT
co
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November 1999


- 5 -
papers and incorporating 40% unexpanded tobacco,
40%
ET, 20% WTS or shredded stem or slower burning RTS
have been manufactured and are currently being
tested
for deliveries and physical properties. If
acceptable,
then the next phase of the project will focus on
the
re-design of blend within the current blend cost
constraint. If unsuccessful, then use of burn
retardants on the blend (or on selected
components)
and/or further reformulation of the cigarette
papers
will be investigated.
Finally, in the area of cheaper filters,
exploratory
trials have indicated that the DEER technology
could be
applied to polypropylene and chopped cellulose
acetate
waste to create a low cost filter. This approach
will be
further explored under Project DEEP in the second
half of
1986. Simultaneously, a research/development
contract
with Brunel University has been initiated. This is
aimed
at exploring the possibility of producing a low
cost and
light weight open-cell filter rod. Initially, the
work
has concentrated on the die parameters and
ingredient
characteristics. Results from these evaluations
will be
compared with polypropylene filter rods from
Filter
Materials Ltd., who have agreed to supply the
sample.
3. Personal and Social Reassurance
Two projects in this area, Projects LESS and
LMASA, address
the question of sidestream and 'tar quality'
respectively.
The development with De Mauduit of cigarette
papers giving
low visible sidestream has assumed low priority
because
of continuing adverse effects on mainstream
sensory prop-
erties, Ames sidestream activity and failure to
reduce
odour and irritation. Further, total sidestream is
not
reduced, but only rendered less visible, thus
presenting
problems for product claims.
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November 1999


- 6 -
Project LESS aims to reduce total sidestream yield
per
cigarette to a level which gives a readily
recognisable
reduction in room haze, odour and irritation.
Existing
know-how requires rod weight reduction (e.g. low
density
or circumference) to achieve this, though research
continues to seek novel methods (601.02). The
first
requirement is a room based odour and irritation
method to
establish the required weight reduction and hence
design
options. This is scheduled for completion in
August.
The objective in Project LMASA, is to establish
blend and
design options for low mainstream Ames mutagenic
activity
products, compatible with satisfactory sensory
performance.
There is an increasing interest outside the
Industry in
measures of the "biological quality" of tar and
the Ames
test is one of the more likely tests to be used.
The
first phase of the study will determine the range
of Ames
activity available from a selection of flue-cured
and
Burley grades, with supporting grade and
condensate
chemistry to assist predictions for other grades.
This
will be completed in November.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


Work Area 602.02
Key Task Market Surveys based on Subjective and
Objective
Characteristics of Products.
Strategic Objective
To enable product development activities to be
pursued,
against a clear awareness of the existing
relationship
between own and competition products in a given
market.
Status Major brands from the Australian, German
and Malaysian
markets have been examined by the infra-red and
X-ray
spectroscopic scans. In each case, the data has
been
transformed into market maps, depicting
differences between
the brands from the various manufacturers in the
market.
In the German exercise, detailed consumer sensory
data was
available on the same brand set. The spectroscopic
and
sensory data sets were coupled to provide a
sensory
interpretation of the maps. Separate maps were
derived
for the full flavour and lights products. These
demonstrated
that sensory strength and product acceptability
were
strongly related, but the relationship was an
inverse one
for lights products. The maps showed the relative
positioning of brands against the acceptability
and strength
dimensions.
Examination of Malaysian flue-cured brands
depicted
different strategies across price categories
between own
product formulations and those of competition. Own
products
provided a wider offer to the market whilst
competition
was more tightly clustered, with less
differentiation
between premium and low price products (see
602.03).
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1996 B.AT jUX and Expon) Urnatcd. This must &x be
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November 1999


- 8 -
The Australian market, like Malaysia, is dominated
by
domestic leaf. Nevertheless, differences were
shown In
product style between the three major
manufacturers.
Sensory information, consumer based, is awaited;
this
will, as in the German work, be used to provide a
sensory
interpretation. Leaf grade studies have also been
conducted
(see 602.03).
Future exercises are planned in 1986 for Finland,
Switzerland
and Benelux (see 603.05/6).
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1986 11 A.T (U.K. and Export) Limited- This must
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


9
Work Area 602.03
Key Task Leaf Studies.
Strategic Objective
To identify processes and blending guidelines for
better
utilisation of tobaccos, including low quality
tobaccos, local
tobaccos and expanded tobacco.
Status This area covers a range of distinct
projects and hence is
covered under separate headings.
Tobacco Improvement Processes
A major effort has been mounted to develop
improvement
processes for Malaysian flue-cured tobaccos. Two
grades
have been received, which have extremely poor
taste
qualities. The target was to:
a) eliminate the poor taste, providing a neutral
character
usable in flue-cured blends or
b) skew the character to air-cured style for
incorporation
into blended products.
A wide range of heat treatment, casing and
amelioration
practices have been investigated and several
promising
processes have been identified and referred back
to
Malaysia. Similar studies have also been conducted
in
collaboration with Imperial, Canada, and has been
covered
in the Research Status Review Notes.
1936 B..kT (U.K." Export) Limited. This must not
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November 1999


- 10 -
Project GRANGE
The intention is to develop guidelines for
creating more
suitable core blends for DIET expansion for high
levels
of inclusion. A wide range of BAT standard and
non-standard
grades have been obtained and expanded in the
pilot scale
DIET plant at Southampton. The resultant expanded
tobaccos
have been subjected to detailed physical testing.
The
mapping approach (602.02) has been used to depict
the
degree of chemical change occurring. The tobaccos
have
been made into single grade cigarettes and have
been
smoked by leaf experts, comparing sensory quality
pre-
and post- expansion. Collation of all the data
will then
enable guidelines to be derived for full-scale
trials at
Corby when yields, physical quality etc. will be
determined
and smoking quality confirmed.
Australian Market Grades
In a similar way, standard and non-standard grades
have
been mapped on the Australian markets. The
objective was
to couple this information with the existing
market map,
so that guidelines could be established concerning
which
types of Australian domestic and offshore tobaccos
would
be most suitable for creation of experimental
products
matched to key competitor blends. This information
has
been provided. At the same time, Australian stems
have
been processed with incorporation of waste
solubles and
ammonium salt add-back in a further attempt to
create
competition product character. The processed stems
have
been returned to Australia for incorporation into
standard
blends. Experimental and control products will be
evaluated subjectively in Australia and will be
returned
to the U.K. for mapping against the brand
framework.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 11 -
Competitor Product Analysis
A new method has been developed for examination of
compet-
itor product blends. The blend is hand-separated
into
lamina, stem and reconstituted. Visually distinct
lamina
styles are also hand-separated. Individual strands
are
scanned by infra-red and computer-compared with
scans
of known tobaccos held in the computer library.
When a
more comprehensive library has been accumulated,
the
technique will provide a fast approach to
understanding
the composition of competition products.
Leaf Analysis
A number of Brazilian grades from different
growing regions
have been examined by infra-red and X-ray
analysis.
Additionally, for each grade/growing region,
different
transplanting times (early/middle/late) have been
sampled
and analysed. The objective was to establish the
degree of
grademark variability due to growing region and
transplant
time. This information has been provided. The
techniques,
additionally, were able to correctly identify a
test set
of tobaccos. The X-ray method (measuring
inorganics
incorporated from the soil) established growing
region
whilst the infra-red method (measuring leaf
organics)
established plant position (i.e. grademark) and
transplant
time.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 12 -
Work Area 602.04
Key Task Sensory & Behavioural Evaluation of
Products.
Strategic Objective
1) To provide expert sensory evaluation of the
product.
2) To further understand the relationship between
sensory
perception, product performance in smoking
behavioural
(i.e. smoking mechanics) terms and cigarette
design
characteristics.
Status
A key responsibility of the UK sensory testing
function Is
to train, co-ordinate and develop the BAT Group
Standard
Taste and Flavour technique (OMEGA I and OMEGA
II).
A review of implementation of this method,
following
introduction through a series of Territorial
Workshops in
1984/5, confirms that 33 Operating Companies now
use the
system and rely on training/standard cigarette
supply/panel
calibrations from this Centre. The Review has been
used
as the basis for formulating the next phase of
Territorial
Workshops which will take place in the first
quarter of
1987. The objective of these workshops (material
content
of which will be under preparation throughout
1986) is to
consolidate current procedures and to move to an
emphasis
on product development applications of sensory
testing
and its relationship to consumer product testing.
Each
workshop will include refresher courses on OMEGA I
and II
plus new sessions on report presentation, product
brief
setting practice, relationship of sensory testing
to
consumer product test methods, use of OMEGA data
in sensory
mapping type analysis, time/intensity scaling for
impact/
irritancy of products, experimental designs
(incomplete
block type), evaluation of
moisture/dryness/astringency,
4 ~-
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November 1999


- 13 -
evaluation of the impact of brand imagery on basic
product
sensory perceptions. In addition, each workshop
will
include an evaluation topic of specific relevance
to the
Territory involved (for example, the Far
East/Indian
Sub-Continent workshop will have a specialist
session on
Kretek evaluation).
Regarding development of sensory methods for
evaluation
of sidestream aroma quality and the experience of
sidestream
in room-type environments, a method has been
established
for comparative characterisation of sidestream in
controlled
room situations and has been shown to allow
differentiation
of sidestreams from conventional and prototype
sidestream
attenuated cigarettes. This method will be fully
validated
in terms of dose-response sensitivity and
relationship of
results to similar findings derived from the
earlier
cubicle method prior to full reporting. The future
develop-
ment of this research will be to produce a
descriptive/
qualitative method for characterisation of fresh
and
successively aged sidestreams.
Regarding development of sensory methods for
evaluation
of consumer response to physical quality of
products,
although this programme of research is to be
conducted in
the latter half of 1986, preliminary design of a
consumer
test methodology for measuring trade-off of
physical product
variability against perceived product quality and
product
acceptance has been completed. Proposed research
will
involve the use of a benefits segmentation
strategy in
conjunction with a conjoint analysis approach.
In addition to OMEGA support and methodological
researches,
the sensory product testing function is required
to provide
support for BAT UKAE product development and
BATCo. eval-
uation requests. In the period April 1985 - 1986 a
total
of 68 full panel evaluation projects were
completed and CD
reported. BAT UK R&D panels were convened on every
working day of this year.
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November 1999


- 14 -
Prime emphasis in the behavioural testing area has
been
placed on extending the scope of monitoring
technology in
this area to cover situations hitherto outside of
the range
of such measurement. The notable challenges are
(a)
developing a means of monitoring and duplicating
products
with filters producing modified smoke flow
patterns such
as 'swirl' (conventional monitoring actually
obstructs
the modified flow pattern since the prime
measurement
device, a holder, is positioned between the
smoker's
mouth and the filter end of the cigarette) and W
improv-
ing the portability and non-invasiveness of
monitoring
equipment.
During the period of review a unique system of
monitoring
and duplication has been developed under Project
LION.
This approach allows measurement of smoker
volumes/pressures
and durations (and hence deliveries to the smoker)
from
flow modified cigarettes without either disruption
of the
smoke flow pattern or contribution of artefacts
associated
with invasiveness of the monitoring devices. The
method
is now validated and in report writing stage. Also
during
the review period, the LION technology has been
applied
to a range of experimental development products
including
'deep~-groove' configurations.
In terms of less invasive monitoring, substantial
progress
has been made (Project JAGUAR) in developing a
'holder-free'
monitoring system which will rely on pressure
recordings
from an embedded fine capillary tube introduced
into the
cigarette filter. This system has been validated
initially
on one type of cigarette using controlled machine
smoking
parameters. Progress to a full system is expected
within
6 months.
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November 1999


Regarding more portable systems of monitoring,
work has
been initiated in developing a 'next generation'
monitoring
device which will be based on the portable IBM PC.
Such
a system would have the capability of
simultaneously
handling multiple data input such that either
in-home or
in-hall testing (up to 15 respondents per
occasion) could
be envisaged. This will complete the integration
of
behavioural monitoring with sensory evaluation
through
from lab, to in-house panel, to consumer product
test
situations. The portable monitoring device is
timed for
completion within 6 months.
Research effort toward understanding smoker
effort/reward
criteria has concentrated on development of a
limited
range of cigarettes designed to systematically
manipulate
nicotine/tar ratio and 'mechanics' properties.
These
cigarettes, due for manufacture in April 1986,
will
provide a basis for initial studies of the
trade-off of
mechanics response of the product against nicotine
delivery
propensity. The behavioural testing function is
also
commited to direct support for BAT ME product
development
activity. Within this review period, support has
been
directed in two areas:
i) evaluations, using LION technology, of smoke
flow
modified prototype cigarettes
ii) a smoke duplication programme to assist the
validation
of the DELIVER model (a computer modelling
approach
to prediction of delivery values from given
cigarette
design parameters).
A report is now in preparation on the results of
Project
SONAR. This project was designed to examine the
possibil-
ity that consumers (monitored in the field) show
consistency
1986 R.kT t U.K. and Export) Linited. This must
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November 1999


- 16 -
of behavioural smoking 'style' (i.e. that their
patterns
of smoking in terms of puff number, intensity,
duration
etc. may be both individual and stable). This
limited
study, based on a sample segmented by stability
/instability
within brand and tar band, indicates evidence from
switching
data that consumers can be clustered into smoking
style
types who will show a predictable smoking response
to
products which is independant of tar band or
stability
criteria. These results offer the long term
prospects of
linking consumer segmentation models to product
design
informed by human smoking pattern in addition to
machine
smoking criteria.
Finally, subjective testing and smoking behaviour
monitor-
ing facilities have been integrated into a single
product
testing suite and a behavioural testing panel room
has
been constructed to as close a physical match to
the
sensory panel room as possible. Seven individual
micro-
computer based smoker monitoring systems have been
constr-
ucted, two of which also have capability for
simultaneous
monitoring of respiratory behaviour. The aim of
this
exercise is to radically improve data collection
of behav-
ioural information alongside sensory evaluations
and to
inormalise' the behavioural testing environment
(to encour-
age further 'normality , subjpcts interact with
their own
microcomputer monitors directly). In p4rallel with
this,
a new generation of hardware developments have now
equipped
the behavioural testing section with a range of
fully
programmable single, four port, and puff by puff
duplicators
thus removing the 'bottleneck' represented in the
past by
the requirement to duplicate. A full report of
this new
generation equipment is currently in draft.
1986 B.AT V K. and Expon) Urnated. This must " be
copW or sho- to unau& sed pers CO
m M.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 17 -
In addition to sensory and behavioural testing
activities,
consumer research consultation has been available
on
request during the period of this Review.
Currently,
preliminary visits has been made to Souza Cruz,
W.D. &
H.O. Wills (Australia), Brown & Williamson, BAT
Germany,
Imperial Tobacco (Canada). A visit is confirmed
for BAT
Suisse and the further development of this
activity will
concentrate more directly on BATCo. companies.
Additional
activities in this area have been:
a) promotion of developments in new brand/product
brief
setting procedures
b) UK consumer attitude/usage researches with
regard to
Advanced Tobacco Products 'FAVOR' smokeless
cigarette
proposition recently launched in U.S.A.
C=)
N-)
1986 B. AT (U.K." E.pon) Lmed-This ust nLx be
-pied -h~ to unautj%0,jwd persom.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 18 -
Work Area 602.05
Key Task Process Innovation and Application.
Strategic Objective
To undertake specific processing projects for
identified
BATCo. Operating Companies using the relevant
specialised
facilities within BATUKE R&D.
Status
There are currently five separate projects within
this
work area, two are in the nature of processing
research
facilities and the others are specific process
projects.
DIET Plant Facility
The R&D DIET plant is used to carry out a range of
support
tasks for other R&D departments and Operating
Companies.
Recent examples of its use has been the processing
of
single grades for Project GRANGE, evaluation of
cigar
filler for Henri Wintermans' licensed Canadian
brands and
assessing DIET process changes for BAT (UK&E).
Further
evaluations are planned for the second half of
1986.
APEX Experimental Facility
The existing small scale APEX linear expander is
available
for evaluation of different tobacco samples from
Operating
Companies. Recent work has been carried out on
samples
from Switzerland, Australia and Henri Wintermans
(Holland)
Due to the construction of the new R&D PMD
facility, the
APEX equipment will be moved in June to a new
position in
the Development Halls. During this move a new
heater unit
and expansion tube will be fitted to improve the
existing
equipment.
1986 BAT (U,K. AM ExPon) Umited. This must nAX be
a*W or sh-n to umuthnsed pe"O.L
CD
U-4
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 19 -
The use of Humectants in Primary Processing
The use of humectants; in brand development and
different
processing applications is increasing for
flue-cured
blends. Their use can modify fill value and
moisture
retention as well as smoke and flavour
characteristics.
A laboratory investigation into the effects of
glycerol
addition to flue-cured tobacco is being carried
out and
the initial findings on the effects of tobacco
equilibrium
moisture content and oven moisture will be
reported this
summer.
Assessment of Process Losses
The objective is to reduce process losses to a
minimum by
identifying the commonest significant points of
loss. At
present, discussions have been held with Technical
Services
(Millbank), Canada and Australia on the importance
of the
threshing process on total product yield and
quality.
This investigation is continui.ng.
Cut Lamina Fluid Bed Dryer
A BAT sponsored research post at Surrey University
has
developed and patented a new means of fluidising
cut
lamina. This principle has been Incorporated into
a BAT
R&D batch APEX process in Southampton. This and
other
possible applications of the new fluid bed
principle are
being investigated.
4 t.
19 8 6 B A TU. K. and Export I Limimd. This must
nLx be copied or sh- to unauthocised persom
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 20 -
Work Area 602.06
Key Task Expansion Technology.
Strategic Objective
To obtain data from fundamental expansion research
in
support of pilot scale processes, as a means of
validating
the commercial potential of new expansion
processes.
Status This area is divided into two parts, one in
support of
APEX and HYD development, the other in support of
further
DIET development.
Studies have been undertaken to assess the effects
on
equipment performance of configurational changes
such as
expander tube length and shape, the use of
different
separators and agent impregnation design. Most of
this
work is related to the proposed design of a small
scale
production APEX plant and the pilot scale High
Velocity
Dryer (HVD - see 602.07) now installed in R&D
Southampton.
Much effort has been put into the analytical
development
and analysis of residues in tobacco in support of
expansion
research. APEX studies have been extended to
mainstream
smoke and cigar leaf. The analytical work is
nearing
completion and is due to be reported in June.
Work has been done on assessing the effects of
increased
initial and final tobacco moisture on the physical
and
chemical degradation of DIET. This type of work is
now
largely continuing in Corby.
C=>
1996 B.A.T (L X. and Export I LmIted. This must
not be copicd or shown to unauthori3ed persons.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 21 -
Work Area 602.07
Key Task Equipment & Process Evaluation.
Strategic Objective
To undertake specific process and equipment
developments
and evaluations, including the manufacture of
cigarettes
from processed materials.
Status This area covers two distinct projects and
hence will be
covered*under separate headings.
Hambro Dryer
An optimisation exercise was carried out on the
dryer wi,:h
air temperatures and air velocities as the main
variable
parameters. The exercise revealed that variation
of
these parameters had no effect on the filling
value of
the CRS used. This was in line with Brazil's
findings an
their fluid bed drier.
A new control system has been fitted to the dryer.
The
equipment was based on preliminary work carried
out in
conjunction with Hambro. The control systems were
pamially
successful with improved control, but a large
amount of
control loop optimisation is required. The dryer
will
now be dismantled prior to refurbishing for
incorporation
into the new primary.
~0 198 6 3 A T (IL X. and E xpon) Limited. This
must nLt be copwd or shown 10 unaIA[h0,.iW pc,,..,
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 22 -
Shredded Stem
Further shredding exercises have been carried out
on behalf
of overseas companies using the Bauer mill to
shred stems
supplied by the respective companies. In general
it was
found that cigarettes produced with shredded stem
had
similar firmnesses to those produced with WTS from
the
companies. In very many cases waste short stem was
also
supplied and it proved possible to make usable
products
from all these materials.
The Bauer mill was shipped to Liverpool factory of
BATUKE
at t-~e end of 1985 and is now integrated into the
factory
stem line so that trials in a production
environment can
be carried out.
To replace the Bauer in R&D a new Quester SMR mill
has been
purchased and is now installed. Preliminary trials
have
indicated that this mill gives an inferior product
to
that from the Bauer and that operationally the
mill has
limitations. Future tests will be aimed at
improving the
product and overcoming the limitations.
Machinery evaluation samples
A new conditioning unit of novel design has been
obtained
from Dickinson Engineering for evaluation using
whole
stems and CRS. Preliminary trials have shown that
this
machine should make a lower cost alternative to
the normal
three compartment cylinders with no loss of
conditioning
effectiveness. Further tests are required to
ascertain the
discrimination of moisture levels and also to
investigate
the conditioning of CRS.
U1
1986 B.AT (U X and Export) Lmiled. This must wt be
copied or shown to unauthorised pc~,om
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 23 -
Design of steam injector
An improved version of the original steam injector
was
installed in tandem with the small Hamblin rotary
dryer
(used as a disengagement cylinder) and the Hambro,
fluid
bed dryer. Tests have shown that the blocking with
tobacco which happened in every case with the
original
design, has lessened and the unit will run without
blocking
with steam pressure of 5 Bar. Trials have been
carried
out with the CRS and cut lamina. In the case of
the
former the use of the unit without CRS wetting
gave fill
value slightly higher than those normally obtained
in
Southampton factory for WTS. With cut lamina there
were
also small increases in fill value using tobacco
wetted
to 30% moisture content.
A more flexible unit is now being built to study
the
principle in more detail with emphasis on reducing
and
measuring steam consumption.
High Velocity Dryer
A new low cost High Velocity Dryer (HYD) based on
an R&D
patent has been designed and built in R&D
Southampton. It
is a 250 kilo/hour plant which will be used both
for cut
lamina and stem. It will be fully evaluated during
1986
and the information used to design another version
for the
new R&D primary line under construction. Its
benefits
briefly are that it gives high fill value of whole
blends
(higher than conventional drum dryers) at a low
cost.
Lrl
1986 9 AT (U.X. and Expon) United. This must wt be
copied or sh- to wauthorised p-s. Ln
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 24 -
Work Area 602.08
Key Task Analytical Method Development.
Strategic Objective
To develop analytical methods and evaluate new
equipment
and procedures in order to provide a continuing
efficient
analytical service.
Status Methodology for improved HPLC analysis of
individual sugars
in tobacco has been evaluated and transferred to
the
Standard Analysis Section.
The possible provision of a safer analysis of
nicotine in
tobacco using the System 4 Continuous Flow
Analysis is
under investigation.
In support of Biological Research a rapid
determination of
nicotine in a dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) solution
of TPM
has been developed using HPLC. This method greatly
simplifies the current procedure. However, a
further
requirement to determine water In the DKSO
solutions of
TPM is proving problematical. It is envisaged this
problem
will be overcome and the total methodology for
niCDtine
and water in DMSO will be fully evaluated in the
next
reporting period.
Rapid determination of ions is required for
routine quality
assurance and problem solving from samples of
board, paper
and tobacco products. Because current methods are
time
consuming and labour intensive, new methods are
being
developed and evaluated for ion analysis by HPLC
or ion
chromatography.
U1
C=>
CN
1986 SAT (U K. and Exportl Lim.W. This must not be
copied or shown to unauthonsed pefw".
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 25 -
An HPLC method has been developed and improved for
the
analysis of organic acid anions and has been
succesfully
applied to a number of problems arising in
Operating
Companies.
Evaluation is shortly to commence on a 20 port
smoking
engine which can simultaneously collect sidestream
and
mainstream smoke. Problems with interfacing
analysers for
carbon monoxide and dioxide to a data management
system
have been overcome.
An MAS Solids Probe has been added to the nmr
spectrometer
and commissioned, providing an additional
technique for
the nmr analysis of materials in the solid state.
Samples
from SHIP 6 (B&W) and in support of internal
development
work have been successfully analysed by
application of
this technique.
-Ij
1996 B A-T it; K. and Export) Limited. This must
mvt be copied or shown to unauthrised pers.
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


Work Area 602.09
Key Task General Scientific Support.
Strategic Objective
To ensure that scientific services within
Operating
Companies are provided with the support required
to maintain
a high standard relevant to their company
operations.
Status The Inter-Laboratory Cross-Check Test
scheme has continued
with the first test of this year currently in
progress.
The tests are being re-designed in that different
styles
of cigarettes, flue-cured, blended, with and
without
expanded tobacco, are to be issued and extra
parameters
have been added. This will allow a more complete
cross-
check of the performance of the participating
laboratories
and provide them and the R&D Centre with more
information
regarding the standard of each laboratory.
Attendance at International and Specialist
Committees such
as ISO, CORESTA, BSI and TAC has continued to keep
BAT
aware of current trends and practices in the
tobacco world.
However, representation at TAC is under
consideration
following the withdrawal of BAT (UK&E) from the
U.K. market.
The review of all BAT standard methods of
analysis,
including Q.C. methods, is well under way with the
issue
of the first set of revised methods due before the
end of
the year.
1996 B AT I U.K and Eaporti Lmned. This must nm be
copted or sho-n to unauthonsed persom co
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


WORK AREA: 603
APPLIED RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(SPECIFIC)
4 b.
--j
~-n
1996 8 A.T (U.K. and Expon) LAmited. This must ntx
bc copiW or shwn to w-&.wj,,d perso-
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 27 -
Work Area 603-01
Key Task Product Development for BAT (UK&E).
Strategic Objective
To develop products and provide technical support
to meet
existing and future BAT (UK&E) company and
consumer needs.
Status Three projects have been pursued, two of
these relate to
new products and one is concerned with
modifications to
existing products.
Project CALENDAR
CALENDAR is the development of a low delivery
Actron-
based product. Development has proceeded around
flue-
cured and modified flue-cured blends coupled to
either
Actron or Actron Plus filters. Although the
experimental
products are low tar, recent analytical testing
regulations
suggest that this product style may be analysed
with
grooves blocked. Because of this possibility,
delivery
targets were set under this smoking regime. Recent
concept
and consumer testing has produced a favourable
response,
with preference for modified Virginia coupled to
Actron
Plus.
Project TROUT/EEL
TROUT and EEL are vehicles for determining the
commercial
viability of brand propositions offering social
reassurance
through a reduction in sidestream smoke delivery.
The
product designs developed are intended to offer
conventional
mainstream Virginia taste character but using two
approaches
to the social problem:
1996 B.A.T (U.K. and Expon) Lnuted. TIns must nLx
be copied or shmm to unauth.,ised pefsom
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 28 -
1) products demonstrating a significant and
visibly
perceptible reduction in sidestream yield (TROUT).
2) products demonstrating a significant sidestream
yield
reduction by using the low weight/circumference
route
(EEL).
Whilst (1) creates a visible reduction of the
sidestream
plume, ambient smoke improvement is not evident.
(2)
offers the reverse, the plume remains the same but
ambient
levels are much decreased. The products (both
types) will
shortly be concept tested.
Project LIFT
Increasing the DIET content of full-flavour
products from
8% to 12% causes (a) a drop in puff number and W
some
reduction in deliveries. Preferred routes to
countering
these trends were concluded to be:
a) reformulated RP paper
b) EP paper
Based on subjective smoking and level of CO
delivery, it
was concluded that a reformulated paper was the
optimum
route. Papers containing less chalk and increased
fibre
at a higher overall substance were considered to
be a
viable approach and this specification was
prepared by a
major paper supplier. Production trials with the
revised
paper produced the following findings:
CZ)
1996 B.A.T I U.K. "d E-pn) L-ted. Th. - not be
Copied or sh- to umuthMudpc-
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 29 -
1) the paper is much stronger, resulting in
reduced
machine down-time due to paper breaks.
2) although the paper is heavier, equally firm
cigarettes
can be made by reducing tobacco weight by the same
amount as the increase in paper weight.
3) delivery and puff number improvements are
realised
and puff number may be further extended by
substituting
shredded stem for WTS.
4) no sensory changes were perceived.
Although the paper is more expensive, considerable
cost
savings accrue from (a) the ability to use 12%
DIET (b)
savings in blend weight (c) savings in paper waste
and (d)
reduced machine down-time. The new paper is now
going
into production for major full-flavour brands and
it is
intended to refomulate papers for other brands on
the same
basis.
Work towards the re-design of full-flavour KS,
full-flavour
and mild 94m and full-flavour and mild 100mm
products for
1987 is being progressed.
A number of short Product Knowledge Seminars have
been run
for Head Office and Marketing Field Force staff.
In addition, six-monthly market reports, quarterly
up,-
dates on these and quarterly physical testing
reports
continue to be produced.
X_-
__Q
L-n
1996 B A.T (IJ.K. and E-Pn) Lmt.d.Thi, -ist rkx be
copied o, shown to umuttw"hed pers.. N.)
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 30 -
Work Area 603.02
Key Task Brand Analysis for BAT (UK&E).
Strategic Objective
To provide an efficient analytical service for BAT
(UK&E)
covering own and competition products.
Status A regular analysis of BAT (UK&E) own and
competition brands
from the various BAT (UK&E) markets has been
carried out.
Withdrawal of BAT (UK&E) from the U.K. market has
meant
that the four brands tested in conjunction with
the
Laboratory of the Government Chemist for D.H.S.S.
league
table formulation has discontinued.
Analyses for BAT (UK&E) Product Development have
been made
at various times including the testing of products
in a
masking exercise and the evaluation of a number of
products
leading up to the launch of J.P.S. in Japan.
The testing of BAT (UK&E) brands for physical
properties
such as firmness, density, coal retention, end
stability
etc. has continued on a regular basis.
The daily monitoring of samples from the Corby
DIET plant,
for nicotine and sugars pre- and post- treatment
has taken
place during the year. This work has helped in the
introduction, by Corby, of changes in the process
leading
to a more efficient system.
1986 B.A.T (U.K. and Expon) Larnitod- Thi3 must
not be copitd of sho" to unauthmwd per-s.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 31 -
Work Area 603.03
Key Task Materials Testing for BAT NUE).
Strategic Objective
To provide a comprehensive testing service on
packaging
and other materials for BAT (UK&E).
Status Routine testing of paper and packaging
materials has
continued on a regular basis, together with
further
investigation of shelf life and crush testing of
20's and
200's carton blanks.
A dynamic crease tester has been installed in R&D
as well
as the one in Southampton plant and has been used
in the
analysis of a variety of problems with hinge lid
cartons
both for BAT (UK&E) and Operating Companies.
During this period, a number of non-routine
investigations
have taken place including pack print runnability
problems
associated with the new B&H 100's and an
alternative to
the currently used gold foil board.
Liaison with the Southampton plant has continued
to grow
since the integration of R&D into BAT (UK&E) in
January
1986. Direct involvement of Materials Testing
staff in
the solution of a number of runnability problems
associated
with paper, foil, tipping, films etc. has
occurred.
The cigarette paper database containing
information on the
properties of all cigarette papers tested by the
laboratory,
has been set up and is in use routinely.
Purchasing
Department in Woking have been shown the database
and can
now access it directly. Similar databases for
folding box
board and printed tipping are in the process of
being
established.
1986 B.A T (LIX. a" Expartl Unkated. This rnust
not be copwd or shown to urLauthofised pcnom
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


- 32 -
Work Area 603.04
Key Task Technical investigations on behalf of BAT
(UK&E).
Strategic Objective
To undertake specific work on machinery and
processes as
requested and defined by BAT (ME).
Status A number of projects in this work area are
outlined below.
The Effect of Glycerol on DIET Processing
A study of the use of glycerol prior to DIET
processing
was carried out at R&D. The results were somewhat
inconclusive and showed no appreciable benefit of
glycerol
addition. Corby do not now use glycerol on tobacco
prior
to processing and find no detrimental effects.
Technical Support to Corby
This has included help recently with the setting
up of a
radioactive tracer study (in conjunction with an
ICI
radioisotope unit) to monitor residence time in
the Corby
expander. An evaluation of the new DIET
development, the
use of high initial moisture tobacco processing,
has been
carried out in R&D.
BAT (UK&E) Stem Study
A project to evaluate quantitative differences in
the
different grades of raw stem which comprise BAT
(UK&E)
stem blends was started in February. Eight grades
from
different countries of origin are being tested.
The
physical test methods being employed are sieving,
physical
measurement of stem particles, image analysis and
fill
z 1996 D-A-T (UX and Export) Linated. This must
not be copied of shown to unauthorised per..&
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 33 -
value measurements. Chemical analysis of the
different
grades is also in progress. The first stage of
this
project, the characterisation of the different
stem grades,
will be completed by the end of May. Further work
on this
subject will be continued over the next twelve
months.
Shredded Stem at Liverpool
Quadrabeam 475/476 moisture gauges have been
calibrated
for use on Liverpool stem line for operation as
dual role
instruments for WTS and shredded stem. Due to high
moisture
requirements by the process, alternative filter
configurations
are being applied to one of these instruments and
the
performance evaluated.
Moisture Measurement of Pipe Tobacco
An IR Moisture Gauge (QUADRABEAM 475) has been
evalauted
for the purpose of measuring the moisture at all
stages of
process of the current pipe and hand-rolling
tobaccos at
Liverpool. The work has been completed and the
instrument
will be transferred to the Liverpool plant in
early
May.
100mm Cigarette and Packing Group
To meet the manufacturing requirement for 100mm
cigarettes
within R&D, the following process equipment has
been
identified and, where necessary, converted to form
a
complete production group.
1) Molins Mk 9N/PA8N 4000 c.p.m.
2) Molins HLP1 Variable Speed.
Molins Wrapper/Boxer. C=)
Marden Edwards over wrapper.
Installation should be completed during July 1986.
C71%
1986 R-A T (U-K. md Export I Lim.ted. This must
rwt be copW ~ shmfn to liftsuO-i" pemm-
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 34 -
Cigarette Masking
A Hauni Max masking machine was refurbished at CME
Limited
under R&D direction and re-commissioned at R&D.
Subsequent-
ly a series of cigarettes were masked as a first
trial
for SAT WKW.
1996 8 A.T (U.K. and Export) Lmited. This -t not
be copied or sh- to wmuthonsed pe_
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 35 -
Wort Area 603.05
Key Task Technical Support to Operating Companies
with Established
1 :1 Links (excluding BAT WK&W.
Strategic Objective
To provide Operating Companies with product
technology
expertise as necessary to meet existing and
projected
company and consumer needs.
Status An established 1:1 relationship now exists
with a number
of Operating Companies in the Group. All of the
companies
involved (Switzerland, Finland, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Hong
Kong, Singapore, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria,
Mauritius,
Cyprus and Cigar Group) have received technical
support;
in many cases this technical support involves very
frequent
contact, backed up by visits to the companies
concerned
and by company staff visiting Southampton.
It is anticipated that the new alignment between
BATCo.
and the R&D Centre will facilitate the
establishment of
more of these links.
A very wide range of projects are conducted and
advice is
provided across the whole spectrum of
product-related
issues; the advice is drawn from all the expertise
available in the R&D Centre.
Illustrative of the kinds of activities carried
out in
1985/6 are the following:
1996 B.AT (U.K. and E.pn) Um,td. This mast w, be
copied or shorn go unau&,orised pgrs,"'
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 36 -
a) evaluation of burn retardants to take weight
savings
from improved primary processing.
b) manufacture of mini-cigarlets.
c) formulation of modified menthol and non-menthol
flavours.
d) investigation of improvement processes for low
quality
tobaccos (602-03).
e) provision of advice on CLD and heat treatment
effects
on poor quality tobacco.
f) investigation of cigarette ignition problems.
g) instigation of market mapping exercises in
Finland
and Switzerland (602.02).
h) information on snuff formulation and
processing.
i) investigation of various herbs and spices.
j) design and manufacture of novel products for
consumer
test.
CD
1986 B.A.T (U K. &-d Export I Um,ied This must not
be copied or shown to U.Wthojsed psonL
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 37 -
Work Area 603.06
Key Task Technical Support to Operating Companies
excluding BAT
(UK&E) and the Established 1:1 Companies.
Strategic Objective
i) to develop better liaison with Operating
Companies.
ii) to support them with product technology as
necessary
to meet existing and projected company and
consumer
needs.
Status Technology transfer proceeds through two
mechanisms:
1) company courses and seminars organised by, or
with
inputs from, R&D staff.
2) project work and product advice provided from
the R&D
Centre.
In terms of (1), the following highly successful
courses
took place:
a) two Product Technology Seminars involving
delegates
from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
were
run in Karachi in September/October 1986.
b) contributions were made to various courses at
Chelwood
(MTC and MDP) and in courses run by Marketing
Department, Millbank.
4--
1996 B.A.T (U K. and Export) Lmited. This must not
be wpwd or sho" to unauthonsed per3OM.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 38 -
In the next period, Product Technology Seminars,
which
include many aspects of processing, are being
planned for
Africa and tentative plans exist for a South
American
Seminar in 1987. Continued inputs into Chelwood
and
Marketing Courses are anticipated.
In the area of project work and technical advice,
the
following are illustrative of the kind of work
undertaken:
a) a product development audit including
evaluation of
own and competition products and the provision of
recommendations subsequent to and consequent upon
this audit.
b) design of modified charcoal filters.
c) examination of local sources of sugar.
d) investigation of a product firmness problem.
e) provision of advice on the uses of diammonium
phosphate.
f) advice on processes for improvement of low
quality
tobacco.
In the first four months of 1986, 29 BATCo.
Companies
(including those with direct 1:1 links) requested
and
received product advice from the R&D Centre.
1996 9 AT I U K. -nd Expon) Lmited. This must rkx
be ropwd or shown w un_,horiscd
.,on&
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 39 -
Work Area 603.07
Key Task Analysis for Operating Companies.
Strategic Objective
To provide an efficient brand monitoring service
for
Operating Companies.
Status A brand testing service has been offered to
Operating
Companies and regular analyses for several
companies
including Cyprus and Sierra Leone have been
undertaken.
Measurement of specific analytes for various
Operating
Companies has been made. These include the testing
of
Spanish tobacco samples for nicotine, sugars,
nitrate and
chloride and Brazilian samples for HCN and aa
unsaturated
compounds.
A number of specific cross-checks with companies
on various
methods have been concluded, these include
nicotine by
steam distillation, continuous flow analysis and
gas
chromatography for Panama; analysis of DIET
samples for
Belgium and full brand analysis checks for
Guatemala and
Mauritius.
LM
L_J
NJ
1996 &A-T (U.K. and Expon) Lamed. This must *Lx be
oopied or shown to unauthorised pcx.L
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 40 -
Work Area 603.08
Xey Task Technical Support to Operating Companies.
Strategic Objective
To ensure that Operating Companies are provided
with the
technical support required to maintain a high
standard
relevant to their company operations.
Status An audit of the Pakistan Tobacco Company
laboratory was
carried out in April, together with local
discussions with
the Pakistan Government over their requirement to
implement
cigarette testing. As a result of the visit, the
Laboratory
Manager from P.T.C. will be coming to R&D for
further
training later this year.
At the request of Bigott, Venezuela, a combined
laboratory
audit and hygiene audit of the factories is taking
place
in May of this year.
As a result of the laboratory audit of the Kenyan
laboratory
last year, and discussions with the Kenya Bureau
of
Standards, officers of this organisation spent a
week in
R&D and visited the LGC to learn about ways of
implementing
their proposed testing scheme.
The regular testing of equipment such as air
permeability
meters has continued. Instruments such as the
Filtrona
Test Station, SM350 smoking engine and Borgwaldt
Automatic
Densimeter, have been evaluated. Advice to
Operating
Companies has been provided on the suitability of
this
equipment.
1996 3 kT (U-X- and Export) Laisted. Tlus mmt not
be copied or sh- to un-&-tsed pcr-m
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 41 -
Various training visits have been organised for
laboratory
and other personnel from Hong Kong, Mauritius and
Kenya.
Also in continuation of our help to the Tanzanian
Cigarette
Company in setting up a laboratory, their
Laboratory
Manager has spent three weeks training in R&D.
Moisture Meter Calibration Service
Combined I.R. moisture meter/pyrometer systems
have been
calibrated for the following territories: Uganda,
Zimbabwe,
India and Sri Lanka. In each case calibrations
were
effected on tobacco blends typical to the
territory .s
needs. In the case of Sri Lanka, a PLC system is
being
designed at R&D to perform control tasks in
conjunction
with the gauge.
Data logging and handling systems based on
Cambridge
Microprocessor Systems (CMS) equipment have been
developed
for the following purposes:
1) Microprocessor system for an FPIT instrument
for the
Q.A. laboratory at Liverpool. This system will
also
be utilised at R&D and the Southampton factory.
2) Calibration computer for I.R. moisture systems.
This
is a dedicated unit tailored to execute
multichannel
calibrations of Infrared Engineering and
Quadrabeam
gauges.
3) Microprocessor System, software and operator
interfaces
for a prototype 'Intelligent' laboratory moisture
gauge. This is a collaborative effort with
Moisture
Systems Limited. Technical details have been
submitted
to Infrared Engineering Limited for a similar
project.
1996 11 A- T (U-X. and E.pon I Umnd. Thi, bc
CoPied w shod to unauth-ised per,,-
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 42 -
Work Area 603.09
Key Task Materials Testing for Purchasing
Department.
Strategic Objective
To provide a comprehensive testing service on
materials
purchased by BAT (UK&E) Purchasing Department.
Status Testing of out-turn samples of materials
ordered through
Purchasing Department has continued on a regular
basis.
This has covered such materials as paper, board,
adhesives
and tipping etc.
In addition, testing of non-routine materials has
occurred
as and when requested. This has included such
items as
increased weight cigarette papers for Product
Development
and subsequently the U.K. factories.
Advice to Operating Companies on problems,
received directly
and through Purchasing Department, has been
provided on
such topics as quality of locally purchased
adhesives,
film and tipping papers. Specific tests have been
carried
out for a number of companies, including crease
testing of
carton blanks, pitting problems on wrapping films
and
carbon quality.
Technical liaison with materials suppliers has
continued
and meetings regarding quality of materials and
specifications
have been held with De Mauduit, Fletchers, Wattens
and
Braunstein.
19 96 9 A. T I U K. and E "n) Lanned. This mmt rkx
bw copied or shown to umudwnscd persons.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 43 -
The whole area of material specifications is
currently
being reviewed with the aim of consolidating the
existing
specifications and test methods with the needs of
modern
cigarettes and makers. Many specifications are now
over
20 years old and in some cases, bear little
relationship
to the current needs of the industry.
1986 8 -ALT (U.K. and Export) Umated. This mwt not
bc copied or shown to unautimmised persons.
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 44 -
Work Area 603.10
Key Task Flavour Development and Manufacture.
Strategic Objective
To formulate, manufacture and supply flavours in
order to
give Operating Companies distinct product
advantages in
their markets.
Status In addition to general flavour formulation
support to
Operating Companies, four specific focusses have
received
attention in "in-house' work and in monitoring the
products
of Flavour Houses:
1) improvers for low quality tobaccos,
post-processing
(see 602.03).
2) Oriental enhancers, particualrly those which
mimic
specific Oriental types.
3) Sidestream improvers.
4) Modified menthols.
In flavour manufacture, the turnover for 1985 was
L575,OCO.
This represented a 40Z increase over 1984, the
major
markets being Central America, Hong Kong, Sierra
Leone and
Venezuela. The volume of flavour exported to Hong
Kong in
1985 more than doubled with respect to 1984 to
19,000
litres; this arose due to increased business into
China.
However, this will reverse in 1986 due to fresh
restrictions
imposed by the Chinese.
CD
1986 B.AT IL; K. " Expon) Umned. This must otx be
copoed or sho-n to unauthonsed penom
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 45 -
Indeed, during the first quarter of 1986, the
value of
total flavours despatched was 1100,000, 10% lower
than the
value for the equivalent period of 1985 and the
turnover
for 1986 is expected to be even lower.
4 M.
CC)
1986 B.A.T 1: X. and Exponi L-led. This rnust ntx
be copied or stxr" to unauttxXised persons.
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999