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Check List
DEADLINE DATE:
REPORT NO.: CATEGORY:
REPORT TITLE: Quarterly Report January-March, 1972
Cover:
Bindings:
Figs/Graphs No.:
Photographs No.:
"PROJECT 110.: FILE NO.: Reductions:
AUTHOR: DJW Total Pages':
GROUP LEADER:
ISSUER:
DISTRIBU1'1ON: SJG IWH (1) : RAS (2) : RSW (3) :
Mngr., R.&D.D. Aust. (2)
HS JGB (3)1 : DGF (1) Library (2) : File
Tape Typing Checking
ref. Date rec1d Date ret'd Author Date Issuer Date
Draft for typing (1) CA L~/
(2) 42o
(3)
(4)
Prepare master:
Corrections: (1) 3 7
(2)
Prepare I Bound CoPy:,/).t-1__ H,
Issue: 1-7 _L_
from This pro.forma is in t:nded to facilitate and
detail the.progre 55 of R. & D. Reports
the type cript stage ntil the report is finally
appro d and issued. The pro forma
should b;tco-enced at the time of the initial
typing and accompany the typescript (and
master a er preparation) at all subsequent stages.
It must be sent to central filing
with the master when the report is issued.
.iote: 1. Wherever possible, drafts for typing
should be written in ink.
2. After typing, the typescript should normally be
returned to the.Author, who
will subsequently obtain the Group Leader's and
Issuer's approva,.1-
3. Circulation should be determined by the Issuer.
4. The typescript must not be presented for
printing until the Issuer has initialled
the pro forma against "Prepare Master".
5. After printing, one bound copy must be returned
to the Issuer for final approval
and the Issuer will ensure that one copy is seen
by the Manager.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


QUARTERLY REPORT
JANUARY - MARCH, 1972
18.5.1972.
COMPILED BY: D.J. Wood
ISSUED BY: D.G. Felton
F. Haslan
DISTRIBUTION:
Dr. S.J. Green
Dr. I.W. Hughes
Dr. R.A. Sanford
R.S. Wade, Esq.
Manager, R. & D.D., Australia
Herr H. Sottorf
J.E. Sismey, Esq.
S.K. Keshava, Esq.
J.G. Burgan, Esq.
Dr. D.G. Felton
D.R. Davies, Esq.
Library
File No. 38A
Copy No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
8
9, 10
11, 12, 13
14, 15
16, 17
18
19
20, 21, 22
23
24
25, 26
27
COPY NO:
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


CONTRACT RESEARCH
JANUARY - MARCH, 1972
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 1000 CONTRACT RESEARCH - LABORATORIES
1100 Tobacco Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (1) Analysis of T.R.C. Samples
No samples were submitted for analysis during this
quarter.
1200 Smoke Studies
(H.F. Dymond) (1) Analysis of T.R.C. Samples
During the quarter a GLC method for the
determination
of nicotine in cigarette smoke was received
from T.R.C. for evaluation. At the same time
smoking trials using the Filtrona model 300
smoking machine were in progress and the
opportunity
was taken to compare the results given for
nicotine
and total nicotine alkaloids by the GLC, manual
and AutoAnalyzer methods.
1300 Filter Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (1) Evaluation of a Carbon Sample
from Mexico
O.W. Phelpstead) Work has commenced to determine
the suitability
of a sample of carbon (supplied by Actibon Hooker)
for use in a cigarette filter. The carbon will
be compared with that used in Muratti (Philip
Morris) on sale in Mexico.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 6000 CONTRACT RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT
6100 Leaf Plant
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Moisture Content of Canadian
Lamina in Cases
(1970 Crop)
The work on the monitoring of the moisture content
of cases of lamina and stem at input to the
U.K. has continued. Reports were issued on
stem from the U.S. 1970 crop, lamina from the
Canadian 1970 crop and stem from the Canadian
1970 crop.
Visits were made to I.L.T. of Canada and E.L.T.,
U.S.A., to examine the problems of moisture
measurement.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (2) Spotting - Effect of Redyring
Variables
(M.J. de Verteuil) Six months ago the first
interim report was issued
on the effect of redrying process variables on
the spotting potential of U.S. flue-cured lamina.
Experimental work for the second evaluation of
these variables is now complete.
6200 Primary Manufacture
(A.W. Croushaw) (1) Spotting - Effect of Process
Variables
(M.J. de Verteuil) Experimental work has commenced
to evaluate the
effect of steaming tobacco, using the CON Process,
as a means of reducing yellow spotting of
cigarette
paper.
6220 Continuous Moisture Meters
(A.E. Yallup) (1) Construction of Continuous
Moisture Meters
(F.W. Bellchambers) 7 Measuring Head Units and 3
Recorder Units have
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


been despatched'during the quarter. Further work
has been done on a moisture content measuring
system for use while tobacco is undergoing a
filling
power test on an Instron machine.
(A.E. Yallup) (3) Blend Controller for CRS
(F.W. Bellchambers) An automatic blend controller
prototype for
controlling the addition of CRS to cut lamina
has been constructed. This controller has
provision
for moisture content correction of both the lamina
and CRS weights. It can be used with ratios of
from 13% to 27% CRS and up to 5% cigarette
"rippings"
add-back with the CRS.
(A.E. Yallup) (4) Signal Averaging Calibrator -
Wills, U.K.
(F.W. Bellchambers) A signal averaging calibrator
has been designed.
This calibrator is used to average 100 discrete
voltage signals from, say, a continuous moisture
meter and then to display the average as a digital
readout. The time period for averaging can be
varied from 30 seconds up to several hours.
Construction of a prototype instrument has
commenced.
(A.E. Yallup) (5) Water Spray Controller -
Canadian Dryer
(F.W. Bellchambers) A water spray controller for
use with the Canadian
type cylinder tobacco dryer is being designed.
This spray controller is intended to adjust the
level of water sprayed into the contra-flow air
stream of the dryer when the B-A.T. Continuous
C71
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-4-
Moisture Meter located after the dryer shows the
tobacco moisture content is off target.
6300 Secondary Manufacture
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Making at Packing Moisture
Content
(A.R. Cox) The report has not been completed this
quarter.
6600 Waste Utilisation
(P.J. Nicholl) (14) Survey of W.T.U. in Europe
Following a meeting with Production Department
last October, information concerning the use of
reconstituted tobacco was received from Benelux,
Denmark, Finland, and Switzerland. This was
appraised
and reviewed at a further meeting in January at
which it was recommended that waste from the Cigar
Group should be considered for SRT production.
(D.J. Molyneux) (23) BATEX Installation and
Operation Manual
The preparation of this manual is well advanced.
6700 General
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Quality and Process Control
Investigation -
Dependent on B-A.T. (Nederland)
Further work on the project is still delayed at
the request of B-A.T. (Nederland).
(A.R. Cox) (3) Yellow Spotting of Cigarettes -
SIRA Instrument
Artificial cigarettes with printed yellow spot
papers have been used to demonstrate the
reproducibility
of the measurements over periods of several weeks.
An experiment was conducted to determine tfie
ability
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


of the instrument to distinguish the colour
intensity
of yellow spots on cigarettes as compared to
subjective
ranking. Further work on the correlation of the
number measurement with subjective classification
has been done.
(D.J. Molyneux) Unprogrammed
Corrosion Problem in Nigeria
Work on this problem has continued and the
assistance
of various outside organisations in connection
with specific points has been sought. Nigeria
have been advised of our current views on the
problem.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 6800 PAPER RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO
6810 Product Specification
(D.J. Molyneux) (1) PRT 71 - Product Specification
and Test Methods
The data needed to complete the specification
has been circulated for discussion as to the best
way of compiling the specification. The draft
versions of the standard test methods are in use
in the Beaconsfield and Southampton laboratories.
6820: Process Studies
(C.R. Jenkins) (1) Reverse Osmosis
(D.J. Molyneux) A preliminary trial has been
undertaken on a small
(J.A. Pritchard) R.O. unit to ascertain the
feasibility of the
process as a means of concentrating tobacco
extract.
The products from the test are being evaluated.
6830 Materials
(D.J. Molyneux) (1) The Evaluation of Tobacco
Stalk in PRT
The Sprout-Waldron refiner installation is
operational,
and 2,000 lb stalk has been delivered. Initial
difficulties in processing stalk through the
refiner
have been overcome, but mechanically pulped stalk
PRT still has poor physical properties. A small
scale study of uncoated stalk-stem PRTs has shown
that stalk as currently prepared worsens the
physical
properties compared with stem PRT.-
(D.J. Molyneux) (2) Evaluation of Various Scraps
and Stems for PRT
Preliminary experiments have been carried out
62
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


to check the feasibility of converting a variety
of stems and scraps into PRT for studies of
subjective character. Indications are that
the lamina PRTs will have to incorporate a
proportion
of stem to obtain the physical strength necessary
for machine coating.
6840 Product Evaluation
(D.J. Molyneux) (1) Evaluation of IED-SRT
The hyperplasia results have been received and
all the results are now being evaluated.
(D.J. Molyneux) (2) Evaluation of SRT and PJS
supplied to B-A.T.
Associates
A second report has been issued. Sufficient
data is now available for a third report to
be prepared.
6850 Microbiology
(P.C. Stauber) Unprogrammed
Microbiological Aspects of PRT 71
A laboratory has been designed and equipped to
permit the on-site examination of microbiological
aspects of the process. A preliminary cleaning
procedure has been recommended pending further
studies when tobacco sheet production commences.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
JANUARY - MARCH, 1972
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 2000 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH STUDIES
2100 Tobacco
(A.R. Cousins) (16) Development of a Method for
the Determination
of Cocoa
The experimental work on this project is complete.
(C.I. Ayres) (17) Development of Method for
Determination of Nitrite
No work has been done on this project during the
quarter.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (18) Determination of
Organo-Chlorine Pesticide Residues
A method has been developed for the determination
of organo-chlorine pesticide residues on tobacco.
The investigation was confined to DDT, TDE, DDE,
lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and heptachlor.
Satisfactory results were obtained on a number
of tobacco samples supplied by B-A.T. (Hamburg).
The method has been used to determine the level
of organo-chlorine pesticide residues on sixteen
samples of cigarettes purchased in December 1971
in Scandinavian countries and two U.K. samples
made at Southampton Branch: a report has been
issued.
(A.R. Cousins) (19) Improved Method for the
Determination of Sugars
(C.R. Jenkins) The new chromatographic method
under development will
enable the individual sugars in tobacco to be
determined in a day instead of two days as with
the present method.
The apparatus has been assembled and the precision
of the method is being checked using authentic
sugar mixtures.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


2200 Smoke
(J.G. Underwood) (28) Further Studies on
"Extractable Nicotine"
Experimental work on the acid-base and partition
behaviour of smoke has been completed. Work has
commenced on relating this study to the oil-water
partition method as used in B. & W.
(H.F. Dymond) (31) Development of G.C. for High
Boiling Fraction
A report has been issued which describes the
development
of the method and its application to some of the
current analytical problems including the analysis
of the nitromethane fraction. The examination
of four stationary phases is discussed; also the
choice of solid supports. Some theoretical aspects
of gas chromatography are included in the
Appendix.
(R.R. Baker) (32) Mass Spectrometer Gas Probe -
Feasibility Study
The development of the technique is complete and
a report has been issued. The results show that
the interior of the combustion coal is effectively
an oxygen-deficient region, while methane is
formed
in the cooler regions behind the coal.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (35) The Assessment of Smoke
Trapping Methods
A Mason smoking engine has been modified for use
with impaction traps so that a small 'clearing
puff' can be taken during the inter-puff period.
The puff volum s and puff profiles obtainedduring
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


smoking when the Mason engine is used in
conjunction
with either an impaction trap or an Elmenhorst
(cold) trap are now being investigated.
2600 Statistical Methodology
(E.B. Wilkes) (1) Survey of Methods of
Multivariate Analysis
No further work this quarter.
(E.B. Wilkes) (2) Analysis of JANUS Results -
Experiment BO
A report has been written and issued. Some points
raised by Battelle are being investigated.
(R.B. Dagnall) (4) Application of Cluster Analysis
A report on this work has been issued.
(R.B. Dagnall) (6) Investigation of Statistical
Methods for
Identifying Blend Composition
(A.R. Cousins)
The report on this work has been delayed.
(R.B. Dagnall) (7) Investigation of Statistical
Techniques
(Smoke Panels)
(T. Hirji)
A review of non-parametric techniques available
for the analysis of smoke panel results is being
prepared.
(E.B. Wilkes) Unprogrammed
A report on the first JANUS promotion test has
been written and issued.
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BATCo document for Province of l3ritiSh Columbia
11 November 1999


-4-
PROJECT 3100 FACTORS AFFECTING SMOKE GENERATION
3100 The Effects of Tobacco
(W.G.D. Lugton) (1) The Examination of Some
Commercial Brands
(Mrs. S.E. Rayner) During the last quarter some
further samples have
been obtained: these include competitors' brands
and cigarettes of unusual circumference.
Information
on the composition of the papers used on B-A.T.
brands is being obtained and analysis of the
papers
from competitors' brands is in progress.
(R.R. Baker) (2) Gas Concentrations in the
Cigarette Coal
The mass spectrometer gas probe technique is being
applied to measure the concentrations of gases
in the combustion coal, to determine whether they
are dependent on the nature of the smoking
material.
3120 The Effect of Culture and Process
O.G. Underwood) (2) Analysis of Nitrosamines in
Cigarette Smoke
(H.A. Baylis) Improvements in the GLC-mass
spectrometric method
employed at the P.C.M.U., Aldermaston, have
enabled
the sensitivity of the method to be further
improved.
Work continues on the analysis of steam volatile
alkyl nitrosamines in the smoke condensate from
a selection of commercial and experimental
cigarettes.
(D.J. Wood) (3) Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation
on Indian Tobacco
This project aims to study the effect of nitrogen
uptake on smoke composition, with a view to
confirming
the results obtained in greenhouse experiments.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Analysis of tobacco and smoke from field
experiments
in India is proceeding.
3140 The Effects of Cigarette and Smoking
Parameters
(H.F. Dymond) (2) Reduction of Carbon Monoxide
from Cigarettes
The routine determination of carbon monoxide from
cigarette smoke has continued. A report will
be issued next quarter detailing the results from
the study of smoking parameters and cigarette
design.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (3) Project WOLVERHAMPTON: Novel
Cigarette Papers
A report, describing the preparation of cigarette
tissues containing thermoplastic inserts and the
smoke analysis of hand-made cigarettes wrapped
in such tissues, has now been issued. Although
some useful reductions in TPM delivery were
obtained
(up to 15% relative to control cigarettes with
untreated paper of similar porosity) when low
melting thermoplastics of small particle size
were incorporated in small loadings into cigarette
tissues, the variations introduced by the use
of hand-making processes suggest that these
results
be treated with some caution.
Some unexpected results obtained with a series
of cigarettes assembled from control handsheets
of increasing porosity have led to the init~Ation
of Project 3140/8.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


(H.F. Dymond)
(H.F. Dymond)
(Mrs. B.M. Watts)
(T. Hirji)
(R.B. Dagnall)
(5) Delivery of Nitric Oxide
A number of samples for routine analysis have
again been received this quarter but the research
aspect of the project has reco nced. The effects
of paper porosity and cuts per inch have been
studied in detail. The experimental work on the
effect of puff parameters is complete.
(6) Effect of Climatic Conditions
Following the work carried out at the Royal
Aircraft
Establishment (Farnborough) a first report has
been issued covering the effect of changes in
atmospheric pressure (altitude) on the delivery
of CO, NO, TPM, nicotine, phenol and water.
The range of pressure studied was 750 mm Hg
to 550 mm Hg corresponding to altitudes of sea
level to 8,700 ft. Changes of pressure have
significant effects on the delivery of TPM and
total nicotine alkaloids and the report includes
a table predicting the deliveries of these two
indices at various altitudes against a corres
ponding
delivery at sea level.
An R.I.S. has also been prepared.
The subsidiary experiments to the experiments
on the effects of changing atmospheric temperature
and relative humidity are now almost complete.
The statistical evaluation of the results is also
complete and a report is in preparation.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


(J.G. Underwood) (7) Constant Density/Variable
Composition Cigarette
(CODEVAC)
The aim of this project is to control the delivery
of TPM, nicotine and extractable nicotine, e.g.
to a constant puff-by-puff value. Cigarettes
have been made with a filling including a portion
of natural shredded tobacco and a portion of
different
constitution of tobacco (natural or
reconstituted),
synthetic material and/or inert fillers, these
portions adjoining each other at a surface
inclined
to the axis of the cigarette. The smoke from
these cigarettes is being analysed for inter alia
TPM, total and extractable nicotine and is being
assessed by a smoke panel.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (8) Porous Cigarette Tissue from
Wiggins Teape
Samples of hand-made cigarette tissues at four
different porosity levels have now been received
from Wiggins Teape. Two commercial papers have
been chosen as controls and the assembly and
selection
of cigarettes should shortly be completed.
3160 The Effect of Transfer and Pyrolysis
Processes
(S.R. Massey) (8) The Mass Balance of Nicotine in
a Burning Cigarette
The results obtained to date for flue-cured
cigarettes
injected separately with (N-methyl-C14) nicotine
and (2'-Cl4) nicotine indicate that there is
little
difference between the mass balance of the two
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
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types of radio-labelled nicotine. Further flue-
cured cigarettes coated with (N-methyl-C14)
nicotine
solutions show similar transfer values to those
injected (i.e. 9-11% transfer to mainstream
particulate,
recovery 88-97%). Sectioning of the "coated
cigarettes"
indicated that most of the radioactive nicotine
was confined to the tobacco at the edge of the
cigarette; however some diffusion towards the
centre occurs over a period of six weeks.
Different
types of cigarettes are now under investigation.
(S.R. Massey) (9) The Synthesis of Radioactive
Nicotine
Difficulties are still being encountered with
the intermediate stages of the synthesis due to
the smaller quantities involved when compared
with earlier work in Group R. & D. Centre and
at Radiochemical Centre, Amersham. Some problems
have been overcome (e.g. synthesis of nicotinic
ester) by the use of different reagents and
reaction
conditions. (It is interesting to note that N.E.N.
Chemicals Ltd., who specialise in syntheses of
this type, were not prepared to quote a price
for (2'-CI4) nicotine.)
(Mrs. U. Ende) (10) Nicotine Transfer - Patent
Application RD 140
A Provisional Specification has been filed.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 3200 FACTORS AFFECTING AEROSOL GROWTH
(R.B. Richardson) (2) Particle Growth by
Coagulation
(R.B. Dagnall) Various approaches to solving
numerically the
mathematical equation describing the coagulation
process have been studied. A definition of the
computer program implementing the selected method
is being prepared.
3220 Deposition of the Aerosol
(Miss C.W.' Ayers) (4) Camver Test: The Influence
of Volatile Substances
in Smoke
(K.D. Kilburn)
Further studies have been carried out on the
mechanism
of the Camver test. Contrary to previous ideas,
it is now believed that the primary filtration
controls the course of the subsequent secondary
blocking processes.
It has been shown experimentally that smoke
particles
can coagulate to form chains and clusters, which
have greater dimensions than a spherical particle
of the same mass. Consequently they are more
efficiently collected by an interception filter
such as the Cambridge filter in a Camver test.
The chains and clusters may have a transitory
existence, and the efficiency of collection (and
hence Camver TPM) depends on their lifetime which
is dependent, in part, on the concentration of
smoke volatiles.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-10-
A report describing the work has been issued,
and no further work on the mechanism of the Camver
test is planned. However, the interesting
possibilities
arising from the possible control of the formation
and lifetime of clusters is considered to be worth
an investigation.
(R.B. Richardson) (5) Filtration Characteristics
of Model Filters
A report has been issued on the study of the
aerosol
retention properties of filters consisting of
bundles of fine tubes. It was concluded that
if the tubes were glass or steel then the
retention
was in reasonable agreement with known theory.
When P.T.F.E. tubes were used, considerably higher
retentions were found and it is thought that
electrostatic
filtration mechanisms may be contributing to this
effect.
(R.B. Richardson) (6) Investigation of P.T.F.E.
Granular Filters
This is a new project intended to show whether
a P.T.F.E. filter can be constructed having an
overall filtration efficiency of more than 20%
and a pressure drop of less than 2 cm W.G., and
whether such a filter selectively removes the
smaller smoke particles.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 3300 SMOKE QUALITY -
3320 The Establishment of Objective Techniques for
Assessing
Smoke Quality
(D.E. Creighton) (9) Further Studies of Effect of
Nicotine on Human -
Physiological Response
(Mrs. B.M. Watts)
The results of this trial are being assessed
statistically.
The results have been coded and fed to the
computer.
(D.E. Creighton) (10) Physiological Response to
Smoking a Cigar
(E.B. Wilkes) A second series of tests have been
undertaken to
directly compare puffing but not inhaling the
smoke from a cigar with puffing and inhaling the
smoke from a flue-cured tobacco cigarette. This
second part of the experiment has been designed
to give similar deliveries of nicotine to the
smoker by the two methods of smoking.
(J.D. Backhurst) (11) Response to Known or
Suspected Irritants
Further Work
The irritancy of a mixture of acetaldehyde,
acrolein,
crotonaldehyde and formic acid, where the
components
are present at levels comparable to those found
in highly irritating cigarettes, has been examined
by adding this mixture to a smoke of low
irritancy.
Marked increases in irritation have been observed,
in contrast to the effect of the individual
components,
and it is now considered that the four substances
make an important contribution to the irritation
of cigarette smoke. A report has been issued.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-12-
3340 Cigarette Design and Smoke Quality
(C.R. Jenkins) (2) Non-Volatile Precursors of
Smoke Flavour -
Phase 1
A report has been issued on the influence of
simple
systems of sugars, amino-acids and polyphenols
on smoke sensory character.
Several of these systems appear to have influenced
smoke flavour both before and after the simulated
curing process. The systems incorporating serine
and asparagine/glutamine appear to enhance the
flue-cured quality of the smoke, while rutin also
appears to have some influence on smoke flavour.
Rowever, none of these simple systems appears
sufficiently attractive to warrant commercial
exploitation.
(A.R. Cousins) (3) Blends Containing a Large
Proportion of
Reconstituted Tobacco
Some difficulties have been encountered in
designing
a carbon filter cigarette containing 50% PCL
and having a typical U.S. blended character.
Changes in the casings and flavours are planned.
The small scale work on blends containing 50%
PCL and, respectively, Oriental and air-cured
tobacco has proceeded to a stage where samples
are now planned for manufacture on a larger scale
with a modified Mark 8 making machine.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-13-
(C.R. Jenkins) (5) Sensory Evaluation of Carbon
Filters
Assessment of the character imparted to smoke
by filtration through various carbons (the "off-
taste") has been completed. The results are being
analysed statistically.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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PROJECT 3400 FILTRATION
3410 The Study of Filter Materials and New Filters
(H.G. Horsewell) (16) Filters with High Retention
Coefficients for
Partic.Late Matter
The aim of this work is to develop filters which
have a higher filtration efficiency but lower
pressure drop than filters in use at present.
During this quarter experiments have been carried
out to find means of increasing the filtration
efficiency. Filters containing small glass fibres
had a high filtration efficiency, indicating that
the incorporation of fine fibres into the filter
material will be advantageous. A useful increase
in filtration efficiency was produced by
compressing
together layers of filter materials.
(H.G. Horsewell) (18) Evaluation of Polyethylene
Foam Filters
from Monsanto
(J.A. Luke)
A sample of filters made to a specification from
Australia has been evaluated. This proved to
be sufficiently promising for us to decide to
send a large sample to W.D. & H.O. Wills,
Australia.
Trials have been conducted to evaluate the filters
on a PA7RO tipping attachment using PVA and heat
fix adhesives.
(H.G. Horsewell) (29) Evaluation of Carbon Fabric
(J.W. Phelpstead) A report has been issued which
described the results
Cb
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


of an evaluation of two samples of carbonised
cloth. These were not sufficiently active to
be of interest for removal of vapour phase
constituents.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (30) C-Cloth Filter - Patent
Application RD 141
A Provisional Specification has been filed.
3420 The Effects of Additives
(H.C. Horsewell) (2) Additives to Monsanto Filters
(J.W. Phelpstead) A report has been issued which
shows the effect of
addition of compounds such as sodium carbonate
and zinc acetate on the filter performance for
the removal of particulate and vapour phase
constituents.
This information was required to complete a patent
application.
3430 Filtration of Specific Compounds
(H.G. Horsewell) (8) Design of Gas/Vapour Phase
Filters
Work on this project has been deferred during this
quarter.
(T.W. Tolman) (9) The Filtration of Carbon
Monoxide
The programme of work on silver permanganate
impregnated
catalysts has been completed. It has not been
found possible to prepare the catalyst in a
physical
form which would be acceptable in a cigarette
filter whilst retaining high activity.
The study of water poisoning on manganese dioxide
has also been completed. The small amount .9f
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-16-
water required to effect total poisoning strongly
indicates that chemisorption of water molecules
at active centres is responsible.
A study of supported manganese dioxide catalysts
synthesised by anhydrous routes has been
initiated.
This work is based on catalyst prepared from
carbon
and manganese heptoxide.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (10) Catalyst III - Patent
Application RD 121
This application has been abandoned before filing
a Complete Specification.
3440 Mechanism of Filtration
(R.A. Crellin) (2) Effect of Ventilation on Filter
Performance
The preliminary results obtained for plain
cigarettes
have received further analysis. The selective
removal of volatile constituents from smoke is
due to diffusion out of the rod.
(R.B. Richardson) (3) The Effect of Fibre
Orientation on Filtration
Characteristics
No progress has been made in this quarter, because
a sound experimental approach is not yet
available.
(R.A. Crellin) (4) Effect of Changes in Filter
Pressure Drop
During Smoking
The pressure drop of the filter section increases
during smoking due to TPM deposition and
temperature
effects. With the exception of Monsanto and SCS
filters, the pressure drop rise is confined_to
the last 4-5 puffs.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


This rise may be very markedly enhanced by the
presence of a band of heat-shrinkable film around
the filter section. A combination of
heat-shrinkable
film and porous or ventilated tipping paper is
capable of producing couplete or partial
ventilation
of the last 2-3 puffs. The latter delivers a
constant quantity of TPM per puff.
'kMrs. U. Ende) (5) Heat Shrink Wrapper - Patent
Application RD 136
Work on this invention is continuing and results
are awaited before deciding on Completion.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


_18-
PROJECT 3500 BIOLOGICAL/CHEMISTRY STUDIES
3510 Bioassay Studies
(R. Comber) (1B) Development of a Test for
Photodynamic Activity
The development of a method for measuring the
photodynamic activity of smoke has continued,
using the instrument developed for measuring
ciliate
movement.
(J.G. Underwood) (22) Interactions Between Smoke
Components and
Nucleic Acid Models
(W.G.D.-Lugton)
The radiochemical method for the determination
of the extent of binding of P.A.H. to nucleic
acids has been applied to a selection of
carcinogenic
and non-carcinogenic compounds. The recently
purchased spectrofluorimeter has been used in
these experiments to develop a method which will
be of more general applicability. The scheduled
report has been delayed.
(R. Comber) (26) Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes:
Effect of Smoke
(Mrs. D.G.E. Newell) Work on this project has been
delayed since Project
3510 (29) has been given higher priority. The
suitability of human, rat and chicken embryo cells
for this work has been investigated.
(H.F. Dymond) (27) Benzophenone as TPM Label
(Mrs. D.G.E. Newell) The quantitative
determination of benzophenone, added
to excised animal tissues, has progressed well.
The extraction procedure has been k4t si 'le
up
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


and the GLC procedure modified to cope with these
extracts. The final phase of the method
development,
i.e. the addition of TPM containing benzophenone
to animal tissue and the subsequent determination
of the benzophenone, has begun. Work is also
planned to determine the transfer of benzophenone
from tobacco to smoke.
(Mrs. L.V. Wilton) (28) The Effect of Smoke on
Mucopolysaccharide
Synthesis in Tracheal Rings
The effect of sulphur dioxide (a stimulant of
tracheal mucus production in vivo) on the
production
of mucopolysaccharides in vitro by tracheal rings
has been studied using histological techniques.
Several histochemical methods, specific for
mucopoly-
saccharides, have been used to detect the mucus
in paraffin embedded sections of the tracheal
rings.
(R. Comber) (29) Promoting Activity in Cell
Culture
(Mrs. D.G.E. Newell) Work on the development of
this assay has been
disrupted by power cuts and by the inability of
commercial sources to supply cells during this
period. Because 3T3 cells available in the U.K.
may be unsuitable for this assay, fresh cells
have been requested from Professor Sivak.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-20-
Unprogra=ned
(T.G. Mitchell) Test for Carcinogens and Mutagens
Using Strains of
Escherichia coli
A simple test for carcinogens and mutagens has
been described (Cancer Res., 31, 970) based on
the differential response of two strains of E.
coli to such substances. The rationale of the
test is that cells with low DNA polymerase
activity
will be less able to repair lesions of their DNA
than normal cells, and hence will be more
sensitive
to agents causing such damage. The appropriate
strains of E. coli have been obtained from
Professor
H.S. Rosenkrantz of Columbia University, New York,
and their differential response to the carcinogen
N-nitrosomethyl urea confirmed. Further work
is being undertaken with cigarette smoke.
3520 Physiological Studies
(J.D. Backhurst) (6) Retention of Smoke from
Air-cured Tobacco
Cigarettes in the Human Respiratory System
(D.E. Creighton)
The monitoring of three subjects inhaling the
(T. Hirji)
smoke from an air-cured tobacco cigarette
(Gauloise)
to two predetermined breathing patterns has been
completed. The results are being evaluated
statistically
and compared with those obtained in a previous
trial when a flue-cured tobacco cigarette was
smoked by the sam subjects at the same bre.,4thing
patterns.
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(J.D. Backhurst) (7) Retention of TPM -
Development of a Modified
Method
(D.E. Creighton)
This project has been initiated to develop a
method
which gives a truer picture of the retention of
particulate material when a single puff is taken
on a cigarette. At present a single exhalation
only is considered and smoke expelled in
subsequent
breaths disregarded. It is hoped to correct this
by collecting two further exhalations. Fluorescent
tar is being used as an index for particulate
matter. Preliminary experiments indicate that
a satisfactory procedure has been obtained.
Measurements will now be made with several
subjects.
(J.D. Backhurst) (8) Retention of Vapour Phase
Constituents - Method
Development
(C.T. Martin)
Previous studies on the retention of vapour phase
constituents have been restricted to nitric oxide
and carbon monoxide. This project is aimed at
developing a method for determining the retention
of other selected vapour phase constituents based
on a gas chromatographic method previously
reported
(L.330-F). Exhalate is collected in sample bags
and then transferred to the gas chromatograph
via a cold trap. Some experimental difficulties
are being encountered mainly because of the large
amounts of moisture present in the exhalate.
It is hoped to obtain some approximate retention
values during this development stage.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


3530 Microbiological Studies
(T.G. Mitchell) (7) Development of Methods for
Possible Transfer of
Micro-organisms to Smoke
in tests with plain flue-cured cigarettes, the
transfer of viable micro-organisms from the
cigarette
rod to smoke was not demonstrated.
A report of this work has been issued.
(T.G. Mitchell) (11) Preliminary Evaluation of
Bacteriophage Induction
No work has been carried out on this project in
the quarter.
(I.G. Mitchell) (12) Identification of
Pink-Pigmented Bacteria
Types of bacteria common on many samples of U.S.
flue-cured leaf, and easily noted from the
formation
of pink pigmented colonies, have been identified
as strains of Pseudomonas extorquens. A report
of this work has been issued.
(T.G. Mitchell) (14) Summary of Methods for
Microbiological Examination
of Tobacco
(P.C. Stauber)
A manual of the methods used in the Group R. & D.
Centre is in preparation.
(P.C. Stauber) (18) isolation of Listeria
Monocytogenes
Studies have been made on the recovery of a
reference
strain of Listeria monocytogenes using a selective
medium containing acriflavin and nalidixic acid.
Further work on evaluating this and other
selective
media for the potential recovery of this organism
from fermented tobaccos has been delayed through
pressure of work on Project 353C)/19.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


(P.C. Stauber) (19) Microbiological Examination of
Cigars -
Further Work
Two reports have been issued.
Quantitative and qualitative assessments have
been made of the microflora of cigars from
different
sources in order to aid assessment of the
significance
of microbiological findings on such products.
A laboratory has been designed and is currently
being equipped to permit on-site bacteriological
examinations at a cigar factory. Cleaning
procedures
have been instituted for primary process
operations
at this factory.
3540 Influence of Smoke Composition
(Mrs. S.E.Rayner) A report has been issued on
further nitromethane
fraction results. This continues to be a useful
index of biological activity. Work is continuing
on unusual methods of fractionation. Atteimpts
have been made to fractionate smoke collected
on a Cambridge filter by volatility.
3550 Behavioural Studies
(D.E. Creighton) (2) Smoking Pattern: Effect of
Reducing TPM and
Nicotine Deliveries (by High Pressure Drop Filter)
(Mrs. B.M. Watts)
The results of this trial are being further
evaluated
by statistical techniques.
(D.E. Creighton) (3) Smoking Pattern: Effect of
Introducing Pinholes
in Front of the Filter
(Mrs. B.M. Watts)
Experimental work is complete, and the resialts
are being evaluated by statistical techniques.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-24-
(D.E. Creighton) (4) Smoking Pattern: Effect of
Reducing TPM and
Vapour Phase at Constant Nicotine Delivery
The objective of this test was to investigate
the effect on human smoking pattern of reducing
(1) TPM, (2) both TPM and vapour phase, at
constant
nicotine delivery. The monitoring of six subjects
smoking the three cigarettes, designed for one
of Dr. C. Fletcher's experiments, has been
completed.
The nicotine delivery is not in fact constant
when the three cigarettes are smoked by machine,
and this poses difficulties in interpretation.
(D.J. Wood) (5) Literature Survey: Theories of
Smoking Motivation
(D.E. Creighton) The aim is to produce a survey of
the various theories
concerning smoking motivation, i.e. what is it
that induces people to smoke? This will be a
joint exercise with Market Research Department,
Millbank.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


_25-
PROJECT 4100 THE OPTIMISATION AND CONTROL OF
TOBACCO PROCESSING
4110 Leaf and Lamina Processing
(R.W. Hedge) (1) Homogenised Casing
The application of the B. & W. homogenisation
process to a casing formulation used by Suomen
Tupakka has been tested. During testing it was
found that the use of a simple high-shear mixer-
emulsifier produced a similar improvement in
casing
homogeneity to that using a Manton-Gaulin
homogeniser.
4120 Stem Processing
(A.R. Cousins) (4) Comparison of WTS and
Freeze-dried CRS
A report has been issued. The study indicated
that freeze-dried CRS held no special advantages
over WTS except for higher filling value. In
view of the much higher cost of freeze-drying
it is unlikely that the process could be operated
as profitably as the present WTS process.
4130 Cut Tobacco
(A.W. Cronshaw) (7) Filling Power Changes during
Water Treatment
Cut Lamina
Because of shortage of staff, no work was done
on this project.
Unprogrammed
(M.J. de Verteuil) Study of Air Flow through
Compressed Lamina Cases
This work will evaluate parallel air flow edge-on
to the lamina in compressed lamina cases -It
several
pressure drops. A suitable apparatus is being
constructed.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-26-
PROJECT 4200 THE OPTIMISATION AND CONTROL OF
CIGARETTE MANUFACTURE
4220 The Eftect of the Machine
(A.W. Cronshaw) (17) Production Testing - Modified
R. & D. Nylon Band
The tests on the Hauser version of the improved
design of woven nylon suction bands for Mark 8
cigarette making machines was completed and a
report written. The tests on Machon and Scandura,
bands continue.
4230 Efficiency Improvement
(R.B. Bryant) (2) Queueing Control for Tobacco
Feed Systems
A report has been issued.
4240 Instrumentation and Machine
(R.G. Bryant) (10) Commissioning of Input Analogue
Channels for
Data-Logger
(A.E. Yallup)
Further work has been done to several of the
analogue
transducers fitted to a Mark 8 M.C.M. This work
has been carried out mainly as a result of
information
gathered during the tests. The component required
for the transducer monitoring the mains current
has been received and this transducer has now
been fitted.
(R.G. Bryant) (11) Testing and Development of
Input Ala= Channels
The alarm channels concerned with data logging
from a Mark 8 M.C.M. have now been fully developed
and tested. The long term reliability of the
detection systems is of a high order. Printouts
of stoppage events are now being closely examined
and correlated with other data on a daily basis.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(R.G. Bryant) (12) Mark 8 Performance
Investigation - Data Logger
Logged stoppage printouts over a period of
approximately
two months have been summarised. Some of the
machine running performance data have been
correlated
with the stoppage information.
(R.G. Bryant) (13) Machine Fault Diagnosis System
Preliminary design work has started.
4250 Quality Measurement and Inspection
(A.W. Cronshaw) (3) Calibration of Hydrostatic
Firmness Tester
for Routine Measurement
(A. Cox)
The comparison with the firmness profile
integrating
tester was completed. Further work has been
stopped
because of an electronic fault.
(R.G. Bryant) (4) Ultrasonics as a Means of
Characterising
Cigarettes and Filters
A low cost ultrasonic transmitter/receiver pair
have been purchased and a test circuit
constructed.
The system at present is working as a go-no-go
detection system but future work will be aimed
towards obtaining an analogue signal.
4270 New Concepts
(D.B. Naylor) (5) Constant Density Variable
Composition Cigarette
Further modifications have been made to the double
hopper machine to improve its efficiency and ease
of running. A larger fan has been ordered for
the first hopper as the original fan has not
proved
to be powerful enough. An air blow off system
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-28-
using fluidics has been developed and made.
Although proving successful at slow speeds it
became unreliable at high speeds. More up to
date fluidic modules have been ordered as these
have much faster response times. Fairly large
samples of cigarettes have been produced for
laboratory
evaluation using NCF, PRT, CRS and Amcel 1308.
(A.W.G. Smeed) (6) Alternatives to Bronze Inks -
Feasibility Study
(D.E. Conway) Sample reels of gravure printed
cigarette paper
(N. Foster) have been ordered from Chambon
Products to the
(F. Russell) S.E.F.K. design.
It has been shown that the improved glitter
achieved
by the gravure process over the letterpress
process
is due to the larger size of particle which the
former process can apply uniformly (ratio is
approximately
10 :1). The metal particles used in gravure gold
printing are approximately half the size of those
used in the bronze dusting process. A Lorilleaux
and Bolton letter press 'gold' ink has been
recommended
for production trials.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (7) CODEVAC - Patent Application RD
139
Work on this invention is continuing.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 4300 PACKAGING STUDIES
4310 Study of Packaging Materials
(N. Foster) (2) An Evaluation of a Range of
Wrapping Films
The work on the subjective evaluation of flavour
barrier properties of the films mentioned last
quarter has been abandoned because of serious
interference by odours emanating from some of
the film materials.
4320 Study of Adhesives
(N. Foster) (1) The Adhesion of Printed Tipping
Paper
The modifications to the applicator rig have been
completed and an evaluation is under way.
(N. Foster) (2) Effect of Pressure on Carton
Sealing with PVA
Successful pack side wall sealing tests have been
carried out with the Molins small drum HL packer
at 160 packs per minute by using the resilient
foam cushion principle on the small drum to apply
pressure to the freshly adhesed pack side walls.
Patent coverage for the application is being
explored.
4330 Material Machine Interaction
(N. Foster) (1) Effect of Packaging Materials on
Machine Downtime
Oirs. B.M. Watts) The results are being evaluated.
4340 Package - Product Relationships
(N. Foster) (2) Dependence of Cigarette Quality an
Volatile
Constituents
A report has been issued.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-3 o-
4350 Development of Packages
(N. Foster) (1) Easy Opening Pouches - Evaluation
The project has been completed and a report
issued.
4360 Development - Existing Machines
(N. Foster) (1) Evaluation of I.C.I. Cup Pack
(J.K. Milner) The final stages of the
investigation into the feasibility
of making one-piece, soft cup packs on an A.M.F.
machine using a paper/foil/film laminate offered
by I.C.I. have been started, now that the printed
blanks with an opening system, ordered during
the last quarter, have arrived.
(N. Foster) Unprogrammed
The Stabilisation of Moisture Content of Packed
Cigarettes under Adverse Storage Conditions
Tests using salt solutions contained in plastic
sachets inside cigarette packs have shown that,
over typical shelf life periods, cigarette tobacco
moisture content can be maintained considerably
closer to the moisture content when packed than
cigarettes in normal packs. An application for
patent cover has been made.
(N. Foster) The Rate of Increase of Tack of
Adhesive during
Paper and Board Joint Formation
The feasibility of measuring this important
adhesion
process property is being examined using the
Instron
Tensile Tester.
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


4370 Development - New Machines
(F. Russell) (1) Machine for Double Shell Pack
(Project STEVENAGE)
Still awaiting any outside interest.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (2) Double Shell Packer - Patent
Application RD 134
Work on this invention has been completed.
L-4
IN-i
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 4400 FILTER nkNUFACTURE
4410 Preliminary Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (15) Project BATEAU - Freezing
and Solvent Removal
A report has been issued stating that any residual
solvent from ice sphere manufacture is lost from
the water in the capsule during storage. It has
not been possible to select a blend of waxes which
will prevent cracking of the capsules when they
are cooled to below -10 0C.
(J.A. Luke) (21) Split Film Filters (British
Ropes)
Delays at British Ropes have inhibited work this
quarter. Patentability has been a major
discussionary
topic between the two companies during this
period.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (23) Fibrillated Polypropylene
Filters - Patent
Application RD 120
A Complete Specification was filed in 14
countries.
(J.A. Luke) (24) Study of Paper Filter Manufacture
Work throughout the period has been based on
development
running of the prototype machine.
(J.A. Luke) (25) Manufacture of Buckeye Filter
This work was completed and approximately 80,000
samples were delivered to Wiggins Teape for
distribution.
O.A. Luke) Unprogrammed
Cellulose Acetate Coated Paper
First samples of material have been supplied by
British Celanese and are being
extensively"analysed.
Certain processing problems encountered by them
have been resolved.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


O.A. Luke)
4430
(J.A. Luke)
(D.E. Naylor)
Acetate Filter Design
Further proving trials have been made at Liverpool
and the results assessed. The topic was discussed
at a Technical Development Committee meeting and
further exploitive actions will be undertaken
by Production Department, Millbank.
Carbon Filter Manufacture
Development of the methods used for assembling
carbon filters on D.A.P.T.C. machinery has been
necessary as a result of tighter specification
of the filter design for two recent experimental
filter cigarettes.
Machine Development
(14) HEX Filter
The annulus sealing experiments have been
successful
and the prototype line is being completed by the
addition of a new sealing unit. An improved tube
material has been delivered, and experiments
designed
to accommodate thickness and stiffness changes
of this material into the existing apparatus are
being pursued.
(15) RAF Filter
As the use of plastics material proved unsuitable
for the end sections attention has been turned
to the use of paper based materials. PIRAhave
been contacted to this end and are at present
obtaining sample quantities of suitable materials.
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-34-
Work has also started on the modification required
to a PTC machine to make up the triple filter.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (17) RAF Filter - Patent
Application RD 125
Data has been collected for completing the
Application.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (18) C Filter - Patent Application
RD 122
A Complete Specification has been filed in 14
countries.
4450 Quality Measurement and Product Control
(J.K. Milner) (1) Development of Inspection
Technique for
BATEAU Filters
(A.E. Yallup)
All the sub-assemblies that have been developed
for
(A.W. Cronshaw)
the inspection of BATEAU filters have been fitted
to the filter machine and the system has been
shown to work.
CA
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 4500 ASSESSMENT OF NEW EQUIPMENT
4510 Leaf Plant
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) G.F.P. for Drying Stems -
Wilson
A visit was made to the ELT plant at Wilson where
an evaluation was made of the gravity feed pipe
for the redrying of stems.
4530 Cigarette Machines and Ancillaries
(D.B. Naylor) (1) Hauni Garant 4 - Evaluation
A number of modifications have been fitted to
the Garant 4, the main ones being to the feed
system; an automatic bobbin changer and improved
transfer drum worked satisfactorily after a number
of changes were made to the cigarette guides in
the MAX. Troubles were still experienced with
the feed section, showing up mainly as very bad
cigarette ends. This was traced partially to
the finer weave tobacco suction band which was
fitted to reduce the dust figures for the
machines.
The machine was then shut down again to await
further modifications from Hauni.
(F. Russell) (2) Mark 9 - Further Work
(A.W. Cronshaw) The causes of large print movement
have been found.
(A.W.G. Smeed) The factors affecting the problem
arise in all
making machines.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (3) Examination of Sasib YPSILON
(F. Russell) The report on the preliminary
examination of the
Sasib YPSILON cigarette making machine was issued.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-36-
4550 Filter Making Machinery
O.A. Luke) Unprogrammed
Evaluation of Hauni KDF.2
This machine has now arrived and is being
installed
prior to the introduction of a production running
and evaluation programme.
Hauni KDF.l
Conversion of this unit has been delayed by the
spares situation.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 5000 MODIFIED TOBACCO AND NEW SMOKING
MATERIALS
5200 Reconstituted Tobacco Smoking Materials
(D.J. Molyneux) (11) Effect of Fillers on PRT
(R. Comber) No further work has been carried out
in this quarter
under this heading.
(R.W. Hedge) (13) Evaluation of Tobacco/Polymer
Films as Smoking
Materials
The hyperplasia results have now been received.
Taking into account all the results from this
and other projects, it would now appear fairly
certain that, based on biological properties of
the smoke, alginates, carboxymethyl celluloses
and methyl celluloses would be ranked in that
order of preference for use in smoking products.
(R.W. Hedge) (18) Evaluation of LBA-SRT from Le
Mans
A report has been issued. It was concluded that
a high level of Pinus sylvestris fibre contributed
to an improved filling power, increased pressure
drop and reduced TPM for LBA-SRT cigarettes.
A small increase in smoke irritancy led to a
qualified
recommendation that cellulose fibre could find
use in PRT.
(J.A. Pritchard) (19) Effect of Extractable
Components of Tobacco on
Smoke Delivery
A report has been issued. It was concluded that
material extracted from flue-cured CRS by h~Zh
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-38-
polarity solvents affects the TPM delivery.
The TPM/puff delivery of the extracted CRS is
increased and that of a flue-cured stem PRT
impregnated
with the extracts is decreased. Extraction with
low polarity solvents has no significant effect
on TPM delivery. The results are not fully
accounted
for in terms of potassium content alone.
This work is now being extended to the extraction
of tobacco lamina with the same series of
solvents.
(R.W. Hedge) (20) Effect of Chalk Filler on the
Biological
Response of Various RTS
(D.J. Molyneux)
The national power crisis delayed initiation of
this project.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-38a-
5300 Non-Tobacco Smoking Materials
(R.W. Hedge) (6) Laboratory Examination of Natural
and Synthetic
Materials - Part IV
Fourdrinier sheet samples based on calcium
alginate
fibre have been produced. Cigarettes have been
made, ready for smoke evaluation.
Sugar beet residue proved difficult to prepare
in a smokable form on its own. It has, however,
been possible to form PCL type sheets, using it
as a binder for ground tobacco. Cigarettes
containing
this product are being compared with a standard
PCL.
(R.W. Hedge) (11) Response of Polymer Pairings in
Biological Tests
(R. Comber) A report has been issued. The evidence
obtained
supports the statements under 5213.
(R.W. Hedge) (17) Further Development of NCF
It is proposed to report the results from this
project, at some stage, in combination with 5319.
O.A. Pritchard) (18) Transfer of Metals to Smoke
from NCF
A method is being developed for the determination
of calcium in smoke. Reproducibility and the
recovery of calcium must be checked before the
procedure is finalised.
(R.W. Hedge) (19) Low Density NCF Development
(T. Hirji) A sample of NCF with a 25% reduction in
density has
been made on a PCL type casting machine using
only entrained air as a blowing agent. This
product
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-38b-
is being evaluated as an intermediate step while
trying to reduce the density of NCF further.
Cutting techniques particularly require
development,
to minimise compression and break-up of the NCF.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (20) Chalk, ZnO and Carbon in RTS -
Patent
Applications RD 127, 128 and 129
Results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on Completion of these Applications.
O.A. Pritchard) (21) Effect of Water-Soluble
Components of Tobacco
Ash on Smoke Delivery
The effect of water-soluble components of tobacco
ash on the smoke delivery from both PRT and
tobacco
has been studied. Reductions in TPM delivery
are obtained in both cases and it is believed
that these are related to the potassium content
of the ash extracts.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (22) Tobacco Ash - Patent
Application RD 132
Data is being collected for filing a Complete
Specification.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (23) BIFI Sheet - Patent
Application RD 135
Work on this invention is continuing.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (24) Low Density NCF - Patent
Application RD 138
Work on this invention is continuing.
O.A. Pritchard) (25) Cigarette Examination
A small number of cigarettes containing a blend
of tobacco and a synthetic material have been
received. materials are being subjected to
chemical,
N.)
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-38c-
physical and smoke analyses to determine the
nature
of the synthetic material and its merits as a
cigarette filler.
O.A. Pritchard) Unprogrammed
Extraction of PRT
PRT samples are being extracted with (a) water
and (b) a low polarity organic solvent to test
the possibility suggested by 5219 that the former
may increase, and the latter decrease, TPM
delivery.
O.A. Pritchard) Isolation of Extract Fraction
An attempt is being made to isolate a fraction
from the 96% ethanol extract of flue-cured CRS
which may reduce the TPM delivery of a flue-cured
stem PRT.
5400 Prototype Cigarettes
(R.W. Hedge) (2) Design of Cigarettes of Reduced
Biological
Activity (Modified BATEX)
(H.G. Horsewell)
A report has been issued. Apart from the reduction
(P.J. Nicholl)
in hyperplasia response, when chalk was included
(R.E. Thornton)
(D.J. Wood) in BATEX, there was little
encouragement to use
BATEX at higher than normal levels. It was,
however,
.recom-nded that the inclusion of chalk should
be considered where BATEX is already used.
(R.E. Thornton) (4) Design of Blended Cigarette of
Reduced Biological
(R. Comber) Activity
Four prototype tobacco rods have been produced
(W.G.D. Lugton)
and filters have been attached. These filters
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-38d-
are a temporary substitute for 25 mm triple
filters;
equipment for producing the required filters is
being made.
The four cigarettes are being subjected to
chemical
and biological testing within the Group R. & D.
Centre. They are also being subjected to a taste
and flavour (especially impact) study, and to
determination of physical characteristics.
C:)
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


ADMINISTRATION
JANUARY - MARCH, 1972
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


ACCOUNTS
Revenue
The latest available figures indicate that net
expenditure is currently
running above budget almost entirely due to a low
level of recoveries
(40% of approved budget allocation).
Capital
Commitments to 31st March, 1972, are as follows:
M/S Product Common
R. & D. Computer Biological Development to All
System
Budget E102,100 E241,000 E44,900 E2,000 E16,700
Commitments 38,600 196,300 200 1,300 7,500
Balance 63,500 44,700 44,700 700 9,200
Major items approved and ordered during the
quarter include the
the High Resolution Spectrometer System (E193,700)
and an F.30 Gas
Chromatograph (E2,600), both covered under the M/S
Computer System
Heading, plus the following items under Research
and Development:
Aerosol Dust Counter (E3,000).
Control Box etc. for Vanzetti Probe System
(E2,800).
Centrifugal Freeze Dryer (E2,300).
PERSONNEL
Staff
During the quarter the final phase of the S.C.L.
transfer operation
from Liverpool to the new Product Development
Laboratories in Southampton
was completed with the arrival in March of Messrs.
R.H. James and D. Jones,
Graduate Scientists. With them came four Chemical
Assistants -'Messrs.
E. Alty, R. Hebron, W.E. Jones and A. Manby - and
Mr. G. Kinsman, Laboratory
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Assistant Grade I. Mr. C. Wood came down from
Liverpool in January
and is now a Flavour Mixer with P.D.L.
In view of Mr. C.G. Mourne's pending retirement in
June, and the
need for the entrance of the new Laboratory Block
to be manned, Mrs. C.M.
Turner was engaged in February as a Receptionist.
In order to contain the expansion in accounting
brought about
by the introduction of P.D.L., an additional
Accounts Clerk was recruited
in February, namely Mrs. M.K. Springall.
Mrs. J.L. Winstanley, Patents Section's Shorthand
Typist, resigned
in January and has been replaced by Mrs. C.A.
Allen.
Eight new Laboratory Assistants were engaged
during the quarter
to work in the new Product Development
Laboratories.
Four members of the Branch's payroll were
transferred to our N.S.
Staff, namely R. Grout (Mechanic), N. Wheadon
(Electrician), P. Biddlecombe
and J. Simpson (Fitters). Mrs. P. Stackhouse and
Mrs. H. Walker were
transferred from payroll to our restaurant staff
as Assistant Cooks.
Mr. P.E. Dollamore, Security Officer, resigned in
January and
was replaced by Mr. R.F. Wixon, who joined us
during last quarter.
Mr. W.H. Dyer, Painter and Decorator, has been
transferred to
the Branch in order to help out with the Sports
and Social Club.
Mr. H. Curtis retired at the end of December after
13 years with
the Company. He joined the Company in August,
1959, as a Fitter and
Turner and finished as a Sheet Metal Worker in
Group R. & D. Centre.
Mr. E.S. Wright, Machine Mechanic, retired at the
end of February,
having served the Company for 12 years after a
long and adventurgus
career in the Tobacco Industry.
We wish them both a very happy retirement. C=)
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


ENGINEERING SERVICES AND BUILDINGS
Laboratory Block Floor of No. 3 Mess reinforced
with additional
columns to carry extra loading.
Telephone exchange removed to Product Development
Building.
Reliance internal telephone system replaced
by Pye system.
Development Hall No. 1 New conditioning room built
and in operation.
Contractors completed ceiling repaint.
All fluorescent lamps replaced.
Development Hall No. 2 Contractors completed
ceiling repaint.
All fluorescent lamps replaced.
Product Development Building handed over by John
Mowlem's on 3rd March, 1972.
Building
Minor work and externals still to be completed.
PATENTS
New Applications
Four new applications have been filed and two are
under consideration.
Four Complete Specifications have been filed and
two have been abandoned.
PATENTS GRANTED
Application No. Title Country
5345/64 (RD 41) Single Pass Filter Germany
19022/64 (RD 46) Shim Comb Denmark
24,117/64 (RD 49) Flavour Improver (P.K.)
Australia
24,118/64 (RD 50) Flavour Improver (CN) Australia
29,428/66
2005/67 (RD64) Calibrated Garniture Denm1a'rk
8126/67
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-4-
Application No. Title Country
14,247/67 (RD 68) Filter Additive (PEI/Zn) Italy,
Mexico,
Sweden
48,233/67 (RD 75, 76, Shredded Foam Filter Canada,
Jamaica
78)
21,128/68 (RD 82) Wet Filter U.K., U.S.A.
23,379/68 (RD 83) Cigarette Paper I Chile
41,781/68 (RD 87) Cigarette Weight Control Canada
49,027/68 (RD 88) Flexible Pouch U.K.
56,325/68 (RD 89) Filter (S.P.) Canada, U.S.A.
58,831/68 (RD 90) Filter (F.R.) U.S.A.
15,318/69 (RD 94) Ice Balls Italy
62,825/69 (RD 97) Paper-C.A. Filter S. Africa
10,914/70 (RD 99) NCF Filler Argentina
39,750/70 (RD 106) Composite Wrapper Belgium
47,706/70 (RD 108) Multiple Filters I Belgium
47,707/7U (RD 109) Multiple Filters II Belgium
47,708/70 (RD 110) Filter "LW" Belgium
36,901/71 (RD 131) Needleless Injector Belgium
OFFICIAL ACTIONS
Title Country Response
Filter Additive (MM) (RD 72) Germany To be
defended
Filter Additive (SE) (RD 73) Australia Examination
requested
Shredded Foam Filter (RD 75, 76, Finland To be
abandoned
78)
Filter (F. R.) (RD 90) Holland, Mexico To be
defended
Ice Balls (RD 94) Canada, Denmark, To be defended
Norway
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


Title Country
Filter (MO) (RD 95) Holland
Smoking Composition (RD 96) U.S.A.
Paper CA. Filter (RD 97) India,
U.S.A.
NCF Filler (RD 99) Austria
Denmark, Germany,
India
Catalyst I (RD 100) Denmark, U.K.
Rod Cutter (RD 102) Germany
H.E. Filter (RD 105) Germany
Composite Wrapper (RD 106) Germany
Smoking Composition "TP" (RD 111) Venezuela
Filter "FPP" (RD 120) Holland
Response
Abandoned
To be defended
Dealt with by Patent Agent
To be defended
Abandoned
To be defended
To be defended
To be defended
To be defended
To be defended
To be defended
Examination requested
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


REPORTS
During the quarter the following reports were
issued.
RD REPORTS
Title Report' No.
A Limited Evaluation of the Smoke Properties of
Cigarettes
Containing BATEX or BATEX filled with Carbon or
Calcium Carbonate RD.948-R
The Evaluation of an Easy-Opening Feature for
Flexible Packages RD.852-F
Microbiological Aspects of the Manufacture of
Henri Wintermans
"Excellente" and "Senorita" Cigars RD.853-R.
Identification of Pink-Pigmented Bacteria RD.854-R
A Statistical Analysis of the Incidence of
Tumour-Bearing
Animals in JANUS Experiment BO RD.855-R
The Evaluation of Polymeric Materials as Tobacco
Substitutes -
Part III RD.856-R
The Moisture Content of Cases of Lamina at Entry
to the U.K. -
Canadian 1970 Crop RD.857-R
Microbiological Examination of Dutch Cigars
RD.858-R
A GLC Method for the Analysis of Smoke Condensate
High Boiling
Range - >2700C RD.859-R
An Evaluation of LBA-SRT Manufactured by Le Tabac
Reconstitud' RD.860-R
The Mechanism of the CAMVER Test - 2nd Report
RD.861-R
The Effect of Climatic Conditions on Smoke
Delivery - Part I -
Effect of Altitude RD.862-R
Investigation of Aerosol Filtration by Model
Tubular Filters RD.863-R
Pneumatic Feed Systems for Cigarette Making
Machines - The
Application of Queue Control RD.864-F
Effect of Extractable Components of Tobacco on
Smoke Delivery RD.B65-R,
A Preliminary Examination of the Pre-Production
YPSILON Cigarette
Making Machine Fitted with an H.O. Filter Tip
Attachment RD.866-R
A Feasibility Study of a Mass Spectrometer Gas
Probe Technique RD.867-R
Project WOLVERHAMPTON - Novel Cigarette Papers
RD.868-R.
QN
,114
(ZD
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Title Report No.
The Nitromethane Fractionation Scheme (Further
Studies) RD.869-R
Comparison of the Properties of WTS and
Freeze-Dried CRS RD.87D-R
Microbiological Aspects of the Production of
Wintermans' Cigars RD.871-R
The First Promotion Test RD.872-R
Patent Survey - Ventilated Cigarettes RD.873-R
The Level of Organo-Chlorine Pesticide Residues of
Scandinavian
Cigarettes Purchased in December 1971 RD.874-R
Development of Methods for Detecting Transfer of
Micro-
Organisms to Smoke RD.876-R
Application of Cluster Analysis RD.877-R
Filters Manufactured from Polyolefin Films -
Progress Report RD.879-R
Studies on Simple Model Systems of Some Potential
Non-Volatile
Flavour Precursors RD.880-R
The Moisture Content of Cases of Stem at Entry to
the U.K. -
Canadian 1970 Crop RD.881-R
Testing of the Production Version of the R. & D.
Designed
Woven Nylon Tobacco Suction Band for Mark 8
Cigarette Making
Machines - 3rd Report RD.882-F
Subjective Response to a Mixture of Irritants
Added to
Cigarette Smoke RD.883-R
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


LABORATORY REPORTS
Title
The Resistance of Tobacco to Mass Transfer
Evaluation of Monsanto Filters containing
Additives
Evaluation of a Carbon Fabric
Paper Reconstituted Tobaccos - Laboratory Test
Results (2)
Further Work on a Procedure for the Determination
of the
Quantity of Volatile Materials added to Tobacco
Further Work on Water Capsules: Freezing and
Solvent Removal
ENGINEERING REPORTS
Nil.
REPORTS SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR ISSUE TO OUTSIDE
ORGANISATIONS
Nil.
Report No.
L.391-F
L.394-R
L.395-R
L.396-R
L.397-F
L-398-R
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


PERSONNEL
Staff
30.12.71 31.3.72
Staff employed 238 251
Resignations pending 5 3
Retirements pending 6 4
227 244
Transfers pending 6 -
233 244
Recruited but not yet employed 2 6
235 250
Additions (11)
A. Searle Laboratory Assistant I
N. Boham Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. E.J. Mills Laboratory Assistant II
R. Leray Laboratory Assistant II
P.J. Russell Laboratory Assistant II
Miss P.V. Collins Laboratory Assistant II
Miss R.D.L. Jnmps Laboratory Assistant III
Mrs. L.A. Walker Laboratory Assistant III
Mrs. C.M. Turner Receptionist
Mrs. M.K. Springall Accounts Clerk
Mrs. C.A. Allen Shorthand Typist
CN
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Transfers (14)
R.H. James Chemist
D. Jones Chemist
E. Alty Chemical Assistant
R. Hebron Chemical Assistant
W.E. Jones Chemical Assistant
A. Manby Chemical Assistant
G. Kinsman Laboratory Assistant I
C. Wood Flavour Mixer
R. Grout N.S.S. Mechanic
N. Wheadon N.S.S. Electrician
P. Biddlecombe N.S.S. Fitter
J. Simpson N.S.S. Fitter
Mrs. P. Stackhouse Assistant Cook
Mrs. H. Walker Assistant Cook
Deletions (12)
P.E. Dollamore Security Officer
Miss C.A. Addis Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. S. Bradley Laboratory Assistant II
C. Brown Laboratory Assistant II
Miss C. Dawson Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. J.A. Garmston Laboratory Assistant II
Miss S. Harris Laboratory Assistant II
Miss K.M. Smith Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. J.L. Winstanley Shorthand Typist
H. Curtis N.S.S. Sheet Metal Wo rker
E.S. Wright N.S.S. Machine Mechanic
W.H. Dyer Painter and Decorator
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


Resignations Pending (3)
Miss J. Kirby Laboratory Assistant II
Miss S. Roper Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. L. Walker Laboratory Assistant 11
Retirements Pending (4)
C.G. Mourne Chief Security Officer
Miss D. Hood Supervisor
Mrs. M.E. Ford Laboratory Assistant III
Mrs. G.C.E. Hurding Laboratory Assistant III
Recruited but not yet enployed (6)
Miss J.Y. Chapman Laboratory Assistant I
Miss J.E. Hawkins Laboratory Assistant I
Miss J.M. Hayden Laboratory Assistant I
D.W. Weeks Laboratory Assistant I
P.J. Vincent Laboratory Assistant I
Miss L.A. Synes Copy Typist
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


VISITORS
Over the three months a total of 120 visitors,
including 47 from
associated companies, came to the Centre. A
detailed list is given
below:
R. Ahern Molins Ltd.
R. Alabaster Wiggins Teape (overseas) Ltd.
S.H. Amissah Shift Supt., Pioneer Tobacco Co.,
Ghana
N. Barrow Wiggins Teape
Dr. G. Bonnet Baumgartner Papiers, Switzerland
K. Booth Swift Chemical Co.
J.P. Borland M.S.D., Millbank
N.G. Bowen Mardon Son & Hall, Bristol
S. Bowen S.I.A., London
C.G. Bowra Production Department, Millbank
B. Burgess Yardley of London
N.P. Burrow Wiggins Teape
M.A.S. Burt Molins Ltd.
D. Butters Wiggins Teape (overseas) Ltd.
A.T. Cant Wedt & Co., London
A. Chandler C.S.P. Ltd., London
B.S. Chapman Wiggins Teape
Seng Yook Chung Shift Manager, B-A.T., Singapore
M.D. Clark B.I.B.R.A., London
M.E. Crawshaw Production Department, Millbank
C.P. Crispe I.E.D., Millbank
W. Cross Cardwell Machine Co., Richmond, Virginia
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


A.V. Cooper Ferranti, Manchester
E.T. Cullen Manager Tech. Training School, I.T.
Co., India
J. Cupaldi Honeywell, Ltd.
C. Davis Danvis Ltd., Slough
G.A. Dibble A.E.I., Manchester
T.A. Ditchfield Technical Project Department,
Millbank
N.W. Dix Market Research Department, Millbank
R.P. Dobson Chairman, Millbank
T.P. Doran I.E.D., Millbank
C.F. Drummond M.S.D., Millbank
J.W. Drummond Leaf Department, Millbank
J.F. Dudmesh Production Manager, B-A.T., Mauritius
F.W. Dunn Engineering Department, Millbank
Miss B. Entwistle Yardley of London
A.H. Farrer T.P.D., Millbank
Dr. W.B. Fordyce R. & D.D., Millbank
P.H. Gannaway R. & D.D., Millbank
E. G aunt R. Fletcher & Son
N.R. Gibbs Sartorius Instrument Co.
A.M. Gordon I.S.C., Portswood (Interior Structural
C leaners)
F.A. Guttfield Wiggins Teape
K.E. Haines Director, Millbank
R. H all Wiggins Teape
W.P. Hall Gallenkamp
M. Hammerton Asst. Production Manager, N.T. C9.,
Nige ria
N.C. Hawley Production Department, Millbank
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-14-
B. Heather B.D.P., Guildford
M. Hill British Ropes, Sunderland
F.F. Hogan Production Department, Millbank
R.M. Hoskins W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
Dr. N. Huck
D.E. Hughes Engineering Department, Millbank
R.H. James S.C.L., Liverpool
A. Jamieson Factory Manager, N.T. Co., Nigeria
Dr. T. Jansson Swedish Tobacco Co., Stockholm
K.J. Johnson Wiggins Teape
C. Jones A.E.I., Manchester
R.K. Joshi Production Assistant, I.T. Co., India
P. Kangis I.E.D., Millbank
G. Keeffe I.S.C., Portswood
C.M. King Production Department, Millbank
X. Kyari A.F.M. Nigerian Tobacco Co., Ibadan,
Nigeria
Miss B. Law Yardley of London
R.S. Lear W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
R. Lodge Time Sharing Ltd.
A. Low Production Department, Millbank
R.D. Lowe Leaf Department, Millbank
C. Lungley Vokes-Cardwell Ltd.
A.R. Malvi Production Assistant, I.T. Co., India
P. Marks Swift Chemical Co.
G. Marshall B-A.T., Australia
K.A. Neal Sartorius Instrument Co.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


E. Nesemann B-A.T., Hamburg
E. Nicholl R. Fletcher & Son
R.W. Nicholson Cia. Nobleza, Buenos Aires,
Argentina
M.J. Noble C.G.C., Cheltenham
D.P. O'Brien I.E.D., Millbank
B.J. Page Huntingdon Research Centre
J. Palmer C.B.I., Millbank
J.R. Parrot Mardon Son & Hall, Bristol
R.C. Pasche Baumgartner Papiers, Switzerland
P. Pearce Time Sharing Ltd.
E.N. Peirce Security, Millbank
G.P. Powell Huntingdon Research Centre
Dr. G. Powell Molins Ltd.
E.G. Preston Molins Ltd.
H.T. Ralph Wiggins Teape
D. Robins Southampton University
T. Russell A.F.M., B-A.T., Hong Kong
T. Sandeman Millbank
J.P. Schmutz Making Supt., B-A.T., Switzerland
J. Sevante Cia de Cigarros, Souza Cruz, Brazil
F. Shearne Perkin Elmer
K. Shepherd Senior Service Ltd., Manchester
M.A. Sim I.S.I., Uxbridge
Dr. P.J. Simons T.R.C., Harrogate
T.A. Slack Director, M-illbank
M.R. Smith Wiggins Teape
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-16-
I.R. Soetomo F/Manager Designate, B-A.T.,
Indonesia
A.S.G. Sparrow Branch Manager, I.T. Co., India
J. Sutton Molins Ltd.
A.C. Van't Kaar B-A.T., Holland
A.C.W. Underwood Spice and Flavour Services
G. Waite T.R.C., Harrogate
I.A. Walker Market Research Department, Millbank
J. Warren M.S.D., Millbank
A.D. Watt C.G.C., Cheltenham
R.T. Whewell C.G.C., Cheltenham
Dr. J.K. Whitehead T.R.C., Harrogate
H.B. Williamson Berkel, London
D.T. Wingfield Wiggins Teape
R. Wise Wiggins Teape (Nerseas) Ltd.
T. Wallace S.I.A., London
W.N. Wood I.S.C., Portswood
Miss A. Wootton Southampton University
G. Wootton C.S.P. Ltd., London
P. Wray I.C.I. Plastics
J. Zeesin Hauni, Hamburg
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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