QUA.RTERLY REP01?T
JULY - SEPTEMBER, 1971
20.10.1971
COMPILED BY: D.J. Wood
ISSUED BY: F. Haslam
DISTRIBUTION:
Dr. S.J. Green
Dr. I.W. Hughes
Dr. R.A. Sanford
R.S. Wade, Esq.
Manager, R. & D.E., Australia
Herr H. Sottorf
D.R. Davies, Esq.
J.E. Sismey, Esq.
S.K. Keshava, Esq.
J.G. Burgan, Esq.
Dr. D.G. Felton
R. & D.E. Library
R. & D.E. File No. 38A
Copy No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
7
8, 9
10, 11, 12
13, 14
15, 16
17
18
19
20, 21, 22
23
24, 25
26 COP'Y NO:
CC)
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


CONTRACT RESEARCH
JULY - SEPMMER, 1971
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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PROJECT 1000 CONTRACT RESEARCH - LABORATORIES
1100 Tobacco Studies
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (1) Analysis of T.R.C. Samples
No samples have been received this quarter.
1200 Smoke Studies
(R.E. Thornton) (1) Analysis of T.R.C. Samples
No samples have been received for analysis this
quarter.
1300 Filter Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (1) Specification of Filters for
Holland - Second
Stage
At the request of Holland this project has been
cancelled.
(J.W. Phelpstead) (2) Examination of M13RATTI
MULTIFILTER Cigarettes
from Argentina
(H.G. Horsewell)
A sample of these cigarettes has been examined
and the results have been reported. The main
conclusion was that the dual carbon containing
filter was ineffective for vapour phase
constituents
due to the very small quantity of low activity
carbon.
1500 Design of Cigarette
(R.E. Thornton) (3) Cigarette Design Handbook -
2nd Edition
The compilation of the second edition of the
handbook has been completed.
(H.G. Horsewell) (5) A handbook covering the
design of cellulose
acetate, paper, and dual paper-acetate filters is
being prepared.
(Z~)
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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1600 Evaluation of Commercial Cigarettes
(A.R. Cousins) (2) Examination of New Zealand
Brands
(J.D. Backhurst) A report has been issued
describing a comparison
between three Wills' brands and three made by
Rothmans. Emphasis was placed on taste and
flavour,
with particular reference to features which might
relate to consumer complaints of "dryness" for
the Wills brands, but a limited analytical study
was also done in support of the panel work.
The broad conclusion was that no consistent
tangible
product differences could be detected between
the Wills' brands, considered as a group, and
the Rothmans' brands.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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PROJECT 6000 CONTRACT RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT
61 DO Leaf Plant
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Moisture Content of Lamina in
Cases (U.S.
Lamina 1970 Crop)
The work on the monitoring of the moisture content
of cases of lamina and stem at import to the U.K.
has continued. Reports were issued on the lamina
from the U.S. 1969 crop and on a small batch of
stem from the U.S. 1970 crop dried experimentally
in a gravity feed pipe at Export Leaf Tobacco,
Wilson.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (2) Spotting - Effect of Redrying
Variables
The work on the effect of redrying variables on
the spotting of cigarettes continued. The work
is confined to processing a batch of lamina from
the 1970 crop dried experimentally at Export Leaf
Tobacco, Wilson.
6200 Primary Manufacture
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Spotting - Effect of Process
Variables -
Further Work
A report was issued on the effect of primary
process
variables on the spotting of cigarettes. A report
was also issued on some laboratory scale
experiments
on the effect of heat or steam. The instrument
ordered by I.E.D. for measuring the spotting of
cigarettes was delivered and is now being tested
in R. & D.E. The first measurements indicate that
the first objective (to provide a spot counting
system suitable for use in the spotting
investigations
in R. & D.E.) will be met.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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6220 Continuous Moisture Merers
(A.E. Yallup) (1) Construction of Continuous
Moisture Meters
(F.W. Bellchambers) The following have been
constructed and despatched:
6 Moisture meter units complete with measuring
heads.
1 Controller for Lamina/CRS ratio control on a
"dry"
weight basis.
4 Measuring heads.
A further moisture meter with an alarm signal unit
has been completed; a C.S.A. certificate is
awaited
before the equipment can be despatched.
(A.E. Yallup) (2) Handbook for B-A.T. Continuous
Moisture Meter
Mark 2
A Handbook has been issued.
6600 Waste Utilisation
(P.J. Nicholl) (14) Survey of W.T.U. in Europem
No further work has been undertaken on this topic
during the quarter.
(D.J. Molyneux) (17) BATEX Process Evaluation -
Guyana
It has been agreed that this evaluation will be
carried out in Trinidad when a BATEX plant is
installed
there (probably 1972). Deleted from R. & D.E.
programme.
(D.J. Molyneux) (23) BATEX - Installation and
Operation Manual
Preparation of this manual will have to await
completion
of design work by Dickinson Engineering Ltd.
(D.J. Molyneux) (24) BATEX Process Evaluation -
New Zealand
A process evaluation was carried out succes'sfully
on a limited quantity of waste tobacco supplied
by W.D. & H.O. Wills. A 160 1b sample of BATEX
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


was shipped to New Zealand for blend evaluations.
A report on the process evaluation is being
prepared.
6700 General
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Quality and Process Control
Investigation
Dependent on B-A.T. (Nederland)
Further work on the project is still delayed at
the request of B-A.T. (Nederland).
(J.K. Milner) (2) LOS ANGELES Assembler
Development
Project closed.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


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PROJECT 6800 PAPER RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO
6820 Process Studies
(R.W. Hedge) (1) Study of Physical and Chemical
Properties of PRT
(D.J. Molyneux) This project was transferred from
5208. A report has
(E.B. Wilkes) been issued which shows that choice
of beater and
beating conditions may influence smoke deliveries
(possibly indirectly) as well as physical
properties
of Burley stem PRT handsheets.
(D.J. Molyneux) (2) Effect of Tobacco Extract on
Properties of PRT
This project has been transferred from 5215.
The evaluation of the cigarettes has been
completed.
It was found that the TPM delivery of both stem
and lamina PRT was reduced by the addition of
extract, stem extract being the more effective.
The results will be reported.
6830 Materials
(D.J. Molyneux) (1) The Evaluation of Tobacco
Stalk in PRT
This project has been transferred from 5217.
An evaluation of handsheets indicates that,
although
there are processing difficulties, it is possible
to mechanically pulp tobacco stalk. A more
detailed
study, involving the incorporation of pulped stalk
in PRT, awaits receipt of 1,000 1b of stalk from
the 1971 U.S. flue-cured crop.
BATCo document for Province of l3ritiSh Columbia
11 November 1999


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6850 Microbiology
(T.G. Mitchell) (1) Microbiological Examination of
Aqueous Extracts
of Tobacco Stems and Lamina
(P.C. Stauber)
Discussions have been held with Wiggins Teape on
the microbiological implications of the project.
Recommendations have been made for the
microbiological
testing of the process and product.
4 ~1
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
JULY - SEPTEIMER, 1971
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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PROJECT 2000 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH STUDIES
2100 Tobacco
(A.R. Cousins) (16) Development of Method for
Determination of Cocoa
The aim is to develop a method which will allow
a semi-quantitative estimation of cocoa in
competition
blends to be made. Work has concentrated on
investigation
of extraction methods which will allow good
recovery
of theobrcmine present in cocoa.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (17) Development of Method for
the Determination of
Nitrite
Some preliminary work has been carried out based
on the colour reaction of nitrite and
a-naphthylamine.
Two methods of clarification were investigated,
one using alumina cream, the other using carbon
and Catez solutions. Neither method was
successful.
Work on this project is now in abeyance due to the
pressure of service work, and Project 3146.
2200 Smoke
O.G. Underwood) (28) Further Studies on
"Extractable Nicotine"
The computer program "Haltafall" has now been
updated
to include all available corrections and is
functioning
satisfactorily on test data. Work on the acid-
base and partition behaviour of smoke has been
delayed
due to work on nitrosamines (3121).
(H.F. Dymond) (31) Development of G.C. for High
Boiling Fraction
The development of the method for the
determination
of high boiling compounds has continued. Little
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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(bliss C.W. Ayers)
(Miss C.W. Ayers)
2400
(P.A. Curson)
2600
(E.B. Wilkes)
progress has been made this quarter due to Project
3146 but the experimental work is complete. The
application of the method in one of its aspects
appears under Project 3510 (27).
(32) Mass Spectrometer Gas Probe - Feasibility
Study
A method has been devised to connect the probe to
the MS 2 without using the four-way valve which
was causing a considerable "hold-up" of sample.
The apparatus is now being tested.
(34) Evaluation of B. & W. Automated Method for
Nicotine Alkaloids
Experimental work has been completed. The report
has been delayed until the next quarter.
Development of Equipment
(1) -Computer Program to Reformat Data from
1 ~_estinghouse Data-Logger
A computer system description for a suite of
computer
programs designed for the analysis of the data
from
the Westinghouse Data-Logger has been accepted.
These programs are being tested. The report has
been delayed.
Statistical Methodology
(1) Survey of Methods of Multivariate Analysis
Multivariate techniques have been used to
interpret
results of experimental work which has been
reported
elsewhere in the programme.
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BATCO doCUMent for Province of BritiSh COIUMbia 11
Novernber 1999


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The detailed statistical analysis will be reported
separately as a background for the further
application
of the methods.
(E.B. Wilkes) (2) Analysis of JANUS Results -
Experiment BO
The master file of the data from experiment BO
is now on the Burroughs machine at Millbank.
The initial tabulations of incidence of tumours
and other pathologies have been prepared. Work
on the methods of analysis of this data has
continued.
A computer program for the maximum likelihood
estimation
of the Weibull parameters has been written.
(R.B. Dagnall) (4) Application of Cluster Analysis
The cluster analysis process has been applied to
amino-acid data on air-cured, flue-cured and
Oriental
tobaccos. Various methods for reducing the
dimensionality
of the problem have also been investigated. The
report has again been delayed.
(R.B. Dagnall) (5) Systemisin& Program to Monitor
the Results
of JANUS
The systems definition, the program description
and program testing have all been completed.
(R.B. Dagnall) (6) Investigation of Statistical
Methods for
Identifying Blend Composition
(Miss L. McGillivray)
The method for identifying blend composition has
(A.R. Cousins)
been further extended using additional data.
(Miss L. McGillivray) (7) Investigation of
Statistical Techniques
(Smoke Panels)
Work has proceeded on non-parametric techniques
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


of analysis. A technique explicitly allowing the
tied scores which so often occur in smoke panel
work is being investigated.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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PROJECT 3100 FACTORS AFFECTING SMOKE GENERATION
3100 The Effects of Tobacco
(W.G.D. Lugton) (1) The Examination of Some
Commercial Brands
(Mrs. S.E. Rayner) A number of commercial brands,
from B-A.T. operating
companies, have been examined. Most of the brands
chosen contain large amounts of indigenous
tobaccos.
Smoke analysis, including the weight of the
nitromethane
fraction, has been carried out.
3120 The Effects of Culture and Process
(J.G. Underwood) (1) The Analysis of Nitrosamines
in Smoke from Four
Cigarette Samples
GC - Mass spectrometry has been used to determine
the level of steam volatile alkyl-nitrosamines in
the smoke from four experimental and two
commercial
cigarettes. At the level of sensitivity achieved
to date, only the two experimental cigarettes
containing
tobacco with a high nitrate content have produced
small amounts of dimethylnitrosamine, the only
nitrosamine
detected.
Further improvements to the isolation procedure
are now being incorporated to increase the
sensitivity
of the method, and work on other cigarette types
continues. Two reports have been issued.
O.G. Underwood) (2) Analysis of Nitrosamines in
Cigarette Smoke
The smoke of a number of types of cigarettes will
be examined by GC - mass spectrometry,
with'special
reference to dimethylnitrosamine.
C,
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


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3140 The Effects of Cigarette and Smokine
Parameters
(H.F. Dymond) (2) Reduction of Carbon Monoxide
from Cigarettes
Routine determination of carbon monoxide from
cigarettes
has continued. Work on this project has been
delayed
to some extent by Project 3146.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (3) Project WOLVERHAMPTON: Novel
Cigarette Papers
The examination of handsheet samples of cigarette
paper produced by the Wiggins Teape laboratory has
continued. The range of thermoplastic polymer
materials
(in either granular or fibrous form) under
investigation
has been extended. Of particular interest are
thermoplastic
materials with low m.p. ranges and those which
exhibit
rapid hot collapse characteristics. However,
adequate
assessment of these samples is proving difficult
due to the necessity of using hand-made
cigarettes.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (4) Composite Wrapper - Patent
Application RD 106
A Complete Specification has been filed in eleven
countries.
(H.F. Dymond) (5) Delivery of Nitric Oxide
The U.V. spectrophotometric method for the
determination
of nitric oxide in cigarette smoke has been
applied
to the study of the factors affecting the
production
of nitric oxide. The investigation includes the
effects of puff volume, puff duration and puff
frequency.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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(H.F. Dymond) (6) Effect of ClImatic Conditions
Work has begun at the Royal Aircraft Establishment
(Farnborough) to determine the effect of reduced
oxygen concentration on the delivery of CO, NO,
TPM, nicotine, phenols and water. This will be
achieved by smoking cigarettes inside an altitude
chamber and simulating altitudes up to 9,000 feet
which corresponds to pressures of 550 =n Hg.
Work has also begun on the effects of temperature
and humidity on the same smoke components. A range
of temperatures from OOC to 400C and humidities
from 10% to 95% R.H. will be studied.
3160 The Effects of Transfer and Pyrolysis
Processes
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (7) The Influence of Polarity
and Vapour Pressure
on TPM
Experimental work has been completed.
(J.G. Underwood) (8) The Mass Balance of Nicotine
in a Burning Cigarette
Work on collection methods for the volatile phase
of smoke continues, as does the development of
smoking
cartridges. The gas-flow proportional counter is
working satisfactorily and its results are being
used to assess various commercial integrators.
O.G. Underwood) (9) The Synthesis of Radioactive
Nicotine
The production of a large amount (ca 20 mCi) of
nicotine-2'-Cl4 continues after slight delays due
to work on nitrosamines (3121).
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 3200 THE PROPERTIES OF THE SMOKE AEROSOL
3200 Factors Affecting Aerosol Growth
(R.B. Richardson) (1) Factors Affecting the
Re-formacion of Cigarette
Smoke Aerosol
The recondensation of smoke at temperatures below
3000C is being studied in terms of the smoke
concentration,
and the results are being related to a simple
theoretical
model of the process.
(R.B. Richardson) (2) Particle Growth by
Coagulation
(R.B. Dagnall) This project is aimed at
establishing a procedure
for computing the particle size distribution of a
coagulating aerosol under conditions of variable
dilution. During this quarter several references
and computational techniques have been studied in
order
to determine the most effective and economical
approach to the problem.
3220 Deposition of the Aerosol
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (4) Camver Test: The Influence
of Volatile
Substances in Smoke
Work is complete and a theoretical treatment of
the blocking process has been received from a
consultant.
The report due this quarter has been delayed.
(R.B. Richardson) (5) Filtration Characteristics
of Model Filters
Model filters containing an array of fine tubes
have been evaluated experimentally using a
synthetic
aerosol, and studies are continuing using ci
arette
smoke. Some practical difficulties have arisen
owing to the coagulation which occurs during the
residence time of the smoke in the filter holders.
BATCo document for Province of BritlSh Columbia I
I November 1999


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PROJECT 3300 SMOKE QUALITY
3320 Establishment of Objective Techniques for
Assessing
Smoke Quality
(D.E. Creighton) (6) Relative Contribution of
Nicotine and Carbon
Monoxide to Human Physiological Response
(Miss L. McGillivray)
Statistical analysis of the results is complete,
but was not finished soon enough to enable a
report
to be issued this quarter. Consequently the report
is further delayed.
(D.E. Creighton) (9) Further Studies of Effect of
Nicotine on Human
Physiological Response
The physiological monitoring of the subjects for
this trial has been completed. Each subject has
smoked four examples of four cigarettes differing
widely in nicotine delivery, the cigarettes being
the Impact Standards with impact scores of 2, 4,
6 and 8. The results have been prepared for
statistical
evaluation.
3330 The Relationship Between Smoke Composition
and Smoke
Quality
(J.D. Backhurst) (11) Response to Known or
Suspected Irritants -
Further Work
The compounds that in earlier work had been shown
to make some contribution to the irritation of
cigarette
smoke when used individually are now being
investigated
as a mixture at levels comparable to those found
in the smoke from irritating cigarettes. This work
has been delayed as analytical facilities,for
measurement
of the mixture of the suspected irritants are not
available because of commitments to other
projects.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh ColUmbia 11
NoveMber 1999


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3340 Cigarette Design and Smoke Quality
(A.R. Cousins) (1) Amelioration Studies with
Reconstituted Tobacco
(J.D. Backhurst) A report has been issued on this
project which completes
(R. Comber) the first phase of a study aimed at
designing a
cigarette of lower biological activity and
acceptable
smoke quality through the use of a blend
containing a
high proportion of reconstituted tobacco.
Methods for reducing the irritation to an
acceptable
level did not have an adverse effect on biological
activity measured by certain short-term in-house
tests.
The second phase is continued in Project 3343
below.
(C.R. Jenkins) (2) Non-volatile Precursors of
Smoke Flavour
The scheme devised for the fractionation of
tobacco
extracts has been further examined. Modifications
to the fractionation scheme have been developed.
The fractions produced using the modified scheme
are being assessed for their effect on the smoke
sensory character of a tobacco possessing little
natural tobacco flavour. Following the completion
of the assessment of the contribution to smoke
flavour
of simple four-component systems involving
polyphenols,
amino-acids, sugars and the enzyme polyphenol
oxidase,
the role of each component in the more interesting
of these systems is being examined.
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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(A.R. Cousins) (3) Blends Containing a Large
Proportion of
Reconstituted Tobacco
The taste and flavour of modified blends
containing
Oriental tobacco and 50% PCL has been assessed.
Manufacture of one of these on a larger scale is
now planned. Work has also started on the
development
of a blend containing 50% PCL and having typical
air-cured character.
(C.R. Jenkins) (5) Sensory Evaluation of Carbon
Filters
The objective of this study is to assess the
effect
on smoke flavour of filters containing activated
carbon granules. The "off-taste" character
imparted
to the smoke by filtration through carbons from
a variety of sources and of differing activities
is being examined. The effect on "off-taste" from
equilibrating the activated carbon with tobacco
volatiles is also being evaluated. An examination
of the "off-taste" character of a competition
carbon
filter brand is also being included in this study.
(A.R. Cousins) (6) Examination of VANTAGE
Cigarettes
The aim is to examine and, if possible, account
for the unusual smoke taste characteristics of
VANTAGE
cigarettes. During the quarter, work has
concentrated
on taste and flavour comparisons between the
effects
of the VANTAGE and the SCS filters. An examination
of the effect of the VANTAGE filter on physl-'Cal
aspects of the smoke aerosol has also been
completed.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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(A.R. Cousins) (7) Examination of KITO Cigarettes
The objective is to decermine whether the
technical
features of the filter on German KITO cigarettes
are similar to those exhibited by the VANTAGE
filter,
with special reference to efficiency, P.D. etc.
Relevant technical data have now been obtained.
In addition, the flavour profiles of KITO and
VANTAGE
have been compared with a view to establishing
whether
the cigarette, which is made by the Reynolds
subsidiary,
Hans Neuerburg, has predominantly "German blended"
or "U.S. blended" character.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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PROJECT 3400 FILTRATION
3410 The Study of Filter Materials and New Filters
(H.G. Horsewell) (16) Filters with High Retention
Coefficients for
Particulate Matter
Work on these filters is continuing. Further
samples
of materials for constructing these filters are
being evaluated.
(H.G. Horsewell) (18) Evaluation of Polyethylene
Foam Filters from
Monsanto
(J.A. Luke)
Apart from studies on recent samples of filters
utilising alternative nucleating agents, the
second
production line at Newport has been modified in
accordance with a specification change including
changes to filter length and pressure drop.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (20) Three Foam Filters - Patent
Applications
RD 108, 109 and 110
Data required for completing have been submitted
to the Patent Agent and Complete Specifications
are being filed in 14 countries.
(C.T. Martin) (22) Examination of Volatiles in
Carbon from ASTOR
Cigarettes
Carbon taken from ASTOR cigarettes ex Venezuela
has been examined for the presence of additives.
A number of additional compounds have been found
in trace quantities and the results are now being
analysed before reporting.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (25) Tube Filter - Patent
Application RD 117
Results of practical work on this invention are
awaited before deciding on completion.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh COIUMbia 11
Novernber 1999


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(H.G. Horsewell) (26) Evaluation of Buckeye
Filters
(J.W. Phelpstead) A sample of paper filters
supplied by the Buckeye
Cellulose Corporation has been evaluated. These
were slightly more effective for the removal of
TPM and nicotine than cellulose acetate filters
of similar pressure drop. They were less effective
than paper filters of similar pressure drop.
(H.G. Horsewell) (27) Evaluation of Carbon from
Mexico
(J.W. Phelpstead) A sample of carbon submitted by
La Moderna (Mexico)
was examined to determine its suitability for use
in filters. This carbon was of low activity and
contained fine particles. A report has been
issued.
(H.G. Horsewell) (28) Evaluation of Dalmatian
Filters from Mexico
(J.W. Phelpstead) Three samples of Dalmatian
filter made by El Aguila
(Mexico) were submitted for evaluation. The
results
have been reported.
Unprogrammed
(H.G. Horsewell) Evaluation of Cigar Filters ex
Belgo International
O.W. Phelpstead) Three samples of polyethylene
cigar mouthpieces
containing filter plugs have been examined. The
results have been reported. It was concluded that
there was no technical merit in these filters.
3420 The Effects of Additives
(H.G. Horsewell) (1) Plasticiser Transfer
(J.11. Phelpstead) A study has been made to
measure the transfer of
plasticisers for the 'M' section of a dual filter
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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to carbon in the 'T' section. It has been found
that both triacetin and TEGDA will transfer, but
at different rates. Experimental work is now
complete.
(H.G. Horsewell) (2) Additives to Monsanto Filters
(J.W. Phelpstead) Work is in progress to study the
effects of adding
chemicals to Monsanto foam filters. The initial
stage which involved application of solutions
using
Needleless injection is complete. Filters are now
being evaluated in which the additive has been
applied
using an alternative technique.
3430 Filtration of Specific Compounds
(T.W. Tolman) (4) Filtration of Oxides of Nitrogen
- Further Work
A report covering this work has been issued.
Pending developments in the area of carbon
monoxide
filtration, work on this project has been
suspended.
(T.W. Tolman) (6) Filtration of Carbon Monoxide -
Further Work
A report covering developments in this area during
the last year has been issued.
It has been concluded that special care should be
given to the preparation of carbon monoxide
catalysts
in order to achieve high activity. No definite
conclusions regarding the phenomenon of water
poisoning
have been reached but it is suggested that
catalyst
pore size is an important factor.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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(H.G. Horsewell) (8) Design ot Gas/Vapour Phase
Filters
Information on the design of gas/vapour phase
filters
is being collected with a view to producing a
handbook
covering the design of filters containing chemical
additives.
(T.W. Tolman) (9) Filtration of Carbon Monoxide
Experiments are being conducted to determine the
relationship between the water content of
manganese
dioxide catalysts and catalytic activity.
3440 The Mechanism of Filtration
(T.W. Tolman) (2) Effect of Ventilaticn on Filter
Performance
No further work has been carried out on this
project
due to Project 3439.
(R.B. Richardson) (3) The Effect of Fibre
Orientation on Filter
Characteristics
(Miss C.W. Ayers)
This is a new project aimed at assessing the
importance
of the fibre orientation in cigarette filters,
with
particular reference to the transverse flow which
occurs in the SCS filter.
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia i
I November 1999


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PROJECT 3500 BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
3510 Bioassay Studies
(R. Comber) (18) Development of Test for
Photodynamic Activity
The development of a method for measuring the
photodynamic
activity of smoke has continued. An instrument
for measuring the movement of ciliates including
Tetrahymena, Paramecium and Colpidium has been
developed.
Some trouble has been experienced in that cultures
of Tetrahymena have been found to vary widely in
their sensitivity to ultraviolet light.
(J.G. Underwood) (22) Interactions between Smoke
Components and Nucleic
Acid Models
(W.G.D. Lugton)
A radiochemical method has been developed for the
determination of the extent of binding of
polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons to nucleic acids. Using
denatured
DNA in aqueous ethanol, the extent of binding of
benzo[a]pyrene has proved to be sufficient to
permit
the investigation of this reaction by
spectroscopic
techniques. Consequently the use of chemical
methods
to induce binding has been discontinued.
(R. Comber) (23) Investigation of the Mechanism of
Thickening
in the Chorioallantoic Membrane
Sections of the chorioallantoic membrane treated
with various materials other than smoke have been
prepared and examined by Dr. P. Grasso of
B.I.B.R.A.
The response to various doses of formaldehyde has
been investigated.
-Ii
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


_18-
(Miss V.G. Myer) (25) Histamine Release in the CAM
This project has been discontInued and a report
has been issued. Practical difficulties in the
determination of minute amounts of histamine
prevented
useful results from being obtained.
(R. Comber) (26) Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes:
Effect of Smoke
(Mrs. D.G.E. Newell) Further studies during this
quarter involved testing
the effects of the nitromethane fraction of smoke
and of dimethylbenzanthracene.
(J.G. Underwood) (27) Benzophenone as a TPM Label
It has been confirmed that benzophenone-C14 (and
hexadecane-C14) are present only in the
particulate
phase of mainstream smoke and are therefore
suitable
for use in dosimetry of inhalation experiments.
A GC method for the analysis of benzophenone is
being developed.
3520 Physiological Studies
(J.D. Backhurst) (5) Effect of Smoking Pattern on
the Retention of
Smoke in the Respiratory System
(D.E. Creighton)
A report has been issued in which the retention of
(Miss L. McGillivray)
particulate matter and nicotine from a flue-cured
tobacco cigarette was studied. Three subjects
smoked
these cigarettes at specified smoking patterns,
and the retention was determined by analysis of
the inhaled and exhaled smoke. The retention of
nicotine was greater than that of particulat"e
matter,
and the retention of both was affected by the
smoking
pattern.
_1 J
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(i.D. Backhurst)
(D.E. Creighton)
(J.D. Backhurst)
(D.E. Creighton)
(H. F. D. Dymond)
(Miss V.G. Myer)
3530
(T.G. Mitchell)
(6) Retention of Smoke from Air-cured Cicarettes
in the Respiratory System
The retention of smoke from Cauloise cigarettes
is being studied in the way used for flue-cured
tobacco cigarettes. Work has been somewhat
restricted
on this project as priority has been given to
Project
3527.
(7) Retention of Nitric oxide in the Respiratory
System
A report has been issued. The retention of nitric
oxide has been measured for several predetermined
smoking patterns using a cigarette (Gauloise)
delivering
a high level of nitric oxide. No nitric oxide can
he detected in the exhalate after the smoke has
been inhaled.
Unprogrammed
Effect of Smoke on Mitochondrial Activity
An exploratory study on the effect of smoke on
mitochondrial
activity has been made. Particular attention has
been paid to determining the effect on succinate
oxidase activity.
Microbiological Studies
(7) Development of Methods for Possible Transfer
of Micro-organisms to Smoke
Using the technique which had been developed,
tests
have been made to assess the transfer of micro-
organisms from naturally infected plain
flue-cure'd
cigarettes.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


_20-
(T.G. Mirchell) (11) Preliminar.. Evaluation of
Bacteriophage Induction
In atcemots to select the most suitable type of
bacterium, the ef'fects of polycyclic hydrocarbons
on a variety of bacteria have been examined
including
Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Pseudomonas sp. (naphthalene strain),
Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus megaterium.
(T. G. Mitchell) (12) Identification of Pink
Pigmented Bacteria
No work has been underLak-en on this project in
this
quarter.
(T.G. Mitchell) (13) ~Licrobiological Examination
of Tobacco Products
(P.C. Stauber) Results of tests on chewing
tobaccos, snuff and
cigars have been reported.
(T.G. Mitchell) (14) Suz=ary of Methods for
Microbiological Examination
(P.C. Stauber) A report on the methods used in R.
& D.E. for determining
the microbiological quality of leaf and tobacco
products
is in preparation.
(T.G. Mitchell) (15) Effect of Re-drying on
Tobacco Microflora.
A microbiological examination was made of flue-
cured leaf re-dried by two different methods.
A report of the results has been issued.
(T.G. Mitchell) (17) Handbook on Re-drying Plant
Operation (Microbiology)
A handbook has been prepared and issued describing
the hygiene aspects of re-drying plant operation.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-21-
3540 Influence of Smoke Comoosition
(B.B. Chakraborty) (1) Analysis of JANUS Samples
and Condensate Solutions
(R.E. Thornton) A report has been issued. It was
shown that the relative
composition of painting solutions (with the
exception
of volatile smoke components) was as expected on
the basis of smoke analysis. Comparison of
chemical
and biological data was only possible on a limited
number of samples; no correlation was observed
between
the concentration of benzo[alpyrene and the
biological
results as defined by skin painting
(tumorigenicity
or hyperplasia).
(W.G.D. Lugton) (4) Cigarette Parameters: Effect
of Altering the
Circumference
The scheduled report describing a series of
cigarettes
of varying circumference, including oval and
conical
cigarettes, has been delayed.
(Mrs. S.E. Rayner) (5) The Chemical Composition of
Smoke Fractions
(J.G. Underwood) A variety of radioactive
compounds have been added
to smoke condensate and the amount appearing in
the
nitromethane fraction has been determined. This
work
has been extended to other tracers and other
fractionation
methods (e.g. centrifugation).
(Mrs. S.E. Rayner) (6) Further Fractionation
Studies
Further fractionation of the nitromethane fraction
of smoke condensate by liquid chromatography has
continued. Fractions from different tobacco"
types, e.g. cigar tobacco and PCL, have been
obtained.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-v" '~/
17 ~1
1 -
1, ~
-~ j
(-J-
-1-i
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


-22-
The nitromethane fraction of smoke condensate
has been measured for additional types of
cigarettes.
3550 Behavioural Studies
(D.E. Creighton) (1) Smoking Pattern: Effect of
Changed Delivery
at Constant Pressure Drop
(Miss L. McGillivray)
The monitoring of six subjects smoking two
cigarette
brands, differing in nicotine and TPM deliveries
but of similar pressure drop, has been completed.
The results of this trial are now undergoing
statistical
evaluation.
(D.E. Creighton) (2) Smoking Pattern: Effect of
Reducing TPM and
Nicotine Delivery by a High Pressure Drop Filter
This is part of the programme to investigate the
way in which changes in cigarette parameters
affect
the manner in which human subjects smoke a
cigarette.
Monitoring of the six subjects has commenced.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-23-
PROJECT 4100
4120
(A.R. Cousins)
(R.W. Hedge)
4130
(A.W. Cronshaw)
(R.W. Hedge)
4140
(A.E. Yallup)
OPTIMISATION AND CONTROL OF TOBACCO PROCESSING
Stem Processing
(4) Comparison of I-ITS and Freeze-Dried CRS
The taste and flavour profiles of cigarettes
containing
control CRS, WTS and freeze-dried CRS, each
blended
with EMBASSY cut lamina, have been compared.
Cut Tobacco
(7) Filling Power Changes during Water Treatment -
Cut Lamina
Delayed by shortage of staff.
(8) The Additivity of Filling Power Improvement
Methods
Work has now been completed on the additivity of
the CON and WTS processes for CRS alone and in
blends.
The results are being analysed.
Instrumentation for Plant
(2) Evaluation of Sankyo Impulse Mass Flow Meters
An Impulse mass flow meter model ILH-37, designed
for use in industrial flow lines, has been given
preliminary tests. This meter works on the
principle
of converting the horizontal component of force
due to the failing material to an electrical
signal.
The preliminary tests have been completed.
Q7 __'
C_\
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-24-
PROJEC*-!' 4200
4220
(A.W. Cronshaw)
4230
(R.G. Bryant)
(A.R. Cox)
4240
(R.G. Bryant)
(A.E. Yallup)
THE OPTIMISATION AND CONTROL OF CIGARETTE
MANUFACTURE
The Effect of the Machine
(17) Production Testing - Modified R. & D.E. Nylon
Band
The further supplies of the Machon Mark 1 band
were
received and are being tested both in the U.K.
and abroad.
Efficiency Improvement
(2) Queueing Control for Tobacco Feed Systems
A visit was made to Vokes-Cardwell Ltd. to see a
demonstration of their electronic control system
for their multipipe pneumatic tobacco feeder.
Their control has been assessed and compared with
the R. & D.E. proposed electronic queueing system.
Unprogrammed
A procedure which reduces the time necessary to
optimise the short-term individual weight
performance
of a Molins Mark 8 cigarette making machine to a
few hours has been developed. The method requires
a digital correlator and follows from earlier work
to monitor the effect on the weight control
systems
of differing nylon bands.
Instrumentation and Machine
(10) Commissioning of Input Analogue Channels for
Data-Logger
14 Analogue transducers are being fitted to a
Mark 8 Molins cigarette making machine. Thbse
transducers
are intended to measure continuously various
quantities
C:"\
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-25-
appertaining to the running of the Mark 8. During
the quarter further progress has been made with
the 4 transducers yet to be completed.
(R.G. Bryant) (11) Testing and Development of
Input Alarm Channels
The R. & D.E. Alarm Store/Processor Unit has been
further developed to annunciate fleeting alarm
signals
which are potential cigarette making machine
stoppage
causes. The previous problem of capturing and
sequencing
pulsed alarm signals from the plug fault detection
systems has been solved, The Alarm Unit is now
able to discriminate whether they are primary
stoppage
causes or not. Some of the detection systems have
been further modified as a result of test runs.
The magnetic tape recorder was successfully put
on-line to the making machine and the results were
computer processed via the diagnostic program
which
looks promising. Further tests have been limited
because the recorder developed a fault which is
now being investigated by the manufacturer. The
typewriter log is proving very useful in
diagnosing
machine running faults.
4250 Quality Measurement and Inspection
(A.W. Cronshaw) (3) Calibration of Hydrostatic
Firmness Tester
for Routine Measurement
(A.R. Cox)
Progress has been made in the calibration of this
instrument. However, the system has proved 'to
require
frequent measurement of pressure and sensitivity
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia i
I November 1999


-26-
under standardised conditions if meaningful
results
are to be obtained. The fluid in use is water;
the use of other fluids has been abandoned due to
contamination of the test sample and undesirable
effects on the elastomer sleeving.
(F. Russell) (4) Atmospheric Concentration of
Bronze Particles
Measurements have been made of the concentrations
of bronze powder in the air adjacent to a
cigarette
making machine, and a report has been issued.
(A.R. Cox) Unprogrammed
A system, utilising a soft X-ray source, to
identify
lamina and CRS in a flue-cured virginia blend has
been tested briefly. From the preliminary
measurements
the percentage of CRS in a blend can be measured
to better than 4%. In an adapted form the system
is to be tested to produce blend profiles of
cigarettes.
4270 New Concepts
(Mrs. U. Ende) (4) Filter Plug Cutter - Patent
Application RD 102
A Complete Specification has been filed in eight
countries.
(D.B. Naylor) (5) Constant Density Variable
Composition Cigarette
The work on the addition to a Molins Mark 8 SM
of a second feed hopper is progressing and the
link-
up is almost complete.
CZ~
0"
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(A.W.G. Smeed) (6) Alternatives to Bronze Inks -
Feasibility Study
(D.E. Conwav) Several letterpress bronze inks have
been evaluated,
(N. Foster) and were unsatisfactory. A sample of
cigarette
(F. Russell) paper has been printed a gold colour
by the gravure
process by Chambon and is considered to be cf
acceptable quality. A meeting has been arranged
with Chambon to explore thE possibility of using
the
gravure process to print cigarette paper either on
or off the making machine.
A sample of copper-free "gold" powder has been
requested
from S. Fry and Co. It is believed to be aluminium
powder tinted with an aniline dye.
ON
CO
BATCO doCUment for Province of BritiSh COIUMbia 11
NoveMber 1999


-28-
PROJECT 4300 PACKAGING STUDIES
4310 Study of Packaging 'I'laterials
(N. Foster) (2) An Evaluation of a Range of
'Wrapping Films
An evaluation of the flavour barrier properties
of the range of films is under way.
4320 Study of Adhesives
(N. Foster) (1) The Adhesion of Printed Tipping
Paper
The manufacture of a laboratory adhesive
applicator
rig for this project is nearing completion.
(N. Foster) (2) Effect of Pressure on Carton
Sealing with PVA
Tests on partly assembled cartons, using a special
jig attached to the Instron. tester, have shown
that
bond formation is more rapid if a foamed flexible
plastic cushion is used on the pressure plate.
4330 Material Machine Interaction
(N. Foster) (1) Effect of Packaging Materials on
Machine Downtime
(Mrs. B.M. Watts) The computer program has been
written to analyse the
data and the results obtained are being examined.
4340 Package - Product Relationships
(N. Foster) (2) Dependence of Cigarette Quality on
Volatile
Constituents
Interference in the chromatographic analysis which
occurs due to the presence of natural tobacco
volatiles
was magnified when extracts of 1 g tobacco samples
with very dilute flavour additions were evaluated.
The experimental work is complete.
C:Z)
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-29-
4350 Development of Packages
(N. Foster) (1) Easy Opening Pouches - Evaluation
Nothing to report.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (2) Pouch S.S. - Patent Application
RD 112
The data required for Completion has been
collected
and a Complete Specification is being filed in two
countries.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (3) Cup-Pack - Patent Application
RD 115
Results of Market Research are awaited before
deciding
on completion.
4360 Development - Existing Machines
(N. Foster) (1) Evaluation of I.C.I. Cup Pack
O.K. Milner) The investigation in:o the
feasibility of making
one-piece soft cup packs on an A.M. & F. machine
using a paper/foil/laminate offered by I.C.I. is
continuing. An outline design for the blank has
been determined and a modification made to the
packing
machine to enable the laminated material to be
folded.
Machine tests have established a range of likely
adhesives.
(N. Foster) (2) Evaluation of High Seal Efficiency
Molins
WMH2 Wrapper
This project has now been reported.
4370 Development - New Machines
(F. Russell) (1) Machine for Double Shell Pack
(Project STEVENAGE)
Awaiting directions from Head Office.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-30-
PROJECT 4400 FILTER ~LA-NUFACTURE
4410 Preliminary Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (15) Project BATEAU - Freezing
and Solvent Removal
There have been no further developments on this
project during this quarter.
O.A. Luke) (18) Development of Novel Filters for
High Particulate
Retention
Work has been carried out an some special papers
which represent notable improvements over existing
paper formations. These are being pursued. A
number of different assembly methods for
constructing
filters have been evolved and are being evaluated.
(J.A. Luke) (19) Investigation of Plastics
Extrusion Applied
to Filter Design
The major practical work on this project has again
been linked with 4430/14.
(J.A. Luke) (21) Split Film Eilters (British
Ropes)
Five further samples from British Ropes have been
processed and evaluated. The objective of
producing
very uniform fibrillated structures appears to
have
been successfully achieved in these samples, which
have been produced on new plant at B.R. Fibril
size remains the prime area for improvement.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (23) Filter F.P.P. - Patent
Application RD 120
The problem arising from U.K. 1,220,678 -
Courtaulds
is not yet solved. Decision regarding completing
the Application is being deferred.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-31-
(J.A. Luke) (24) Study of Paper Filter Manufacture
An investigation of the differences between
various
paper filter making processes has been made, and
essential experimental work to evaluate
differences
completed. An experimental conversion of an
existing
Schweitzer unit to produce good quality tilters
using a wet process is well advanced.
Unprogrammed
(J.A. Luke) Needleless Injection of Cigarette
Products
Some initial experimenLs have been made using the
injector to put additives into filter rods.
Cellulose Acetate Coated Paper Filters
An updated cost study for producing these filters
commercially has been made, and possible further
exploitation is being pursued through Purchasing
Department.
Acetate Filter Design
Work at Liverpool using selected tows for two
current
filter specifications has now been completed and
has demonstrated encouraging results with
suggested
significant savings in materials costs for each.
The method of limiting tow selections by
predicting
filter hardness from known parameters so far has
not proved to be sufficiently reliable to be
incorporated
into the program. Further exploitation will now
be handled by M.S.D.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-32-
4430 Machine Development
(J.A. Luke) (14) HEX Filter
Work throughout the period has been concentrated
upon linking the various stages of component
production
into a single line. This work is well advanced,
a slight difficulty being encountered, however,
due to irregular performance from the extruder.
(D.B. Naylor) (15) RAF Filter
A Mark 5 machine bed has been modified to permit
the cutting of thick walled tubing made from a
40/60
mix of chalk and polythene. This was done to check
the feasibility of the use of plastics based
materials
for the end sections of the triple filter. The
initial sample of tubing obtained from the
manufacturers
proved to have a very inconsistent diameter which
made extended running impossible, but the use of
this material looks promising and further supplies
have been ordered.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (16) Caterpillar Haul-Otf - Patent
Application RD 113
Results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on completion.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (17) HAF Filter - Patent
Application RD 125
Results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on completion.
CC)
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-33-
4450 Quality Measurement and Product Control
(J.K. Milner) (1) Development of Inspection
Technique for BATEAU
Filters
(A.E. Yallup)
An inspection method for BATEAU filters is being
(A.W. Cronshaw)
deveioped using a Molins Photomultiplier weight
control unit as the detector. During the quarter
an electronic logic type memory circuit has been
developed for use with the ejector mechanism.
The prototype amplifier for the signal from the
weight control to the ejector mechanism and the
ejector mechanism electronic memory circuit are
being constructed.
co
C--)
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-34-
PRCjECT 4500
4530
(D.B. Naylor)
(F. Russell)
(A.W. Cronshaw)
4550
(J.A. Luke)
mounted in alternative positions.
00
ASSESS,\ZENT OF NEW EQUIPMENT
Cigarette Machines and Ancillaries
(1) Hauni Garant 4 Evaluation
The Garant 4 has still not reached a stage at
which
it is reliable enough to carry out an evaluation.
Hauni have produced a number of improvemencs and
modifications which are fitted to the latest
machines
but not to the R. & D.E. machine. Hauni have
agreed
to supply and fit a number of these in order to
up-date the machine. In the meantime the machine
is being run on limited production to permit crew
training to take place. In anticipation of the
running of the machine at 4,000 c.p.m. for the
evaluation,
the Cascade tray filling unit has been removed and
an old Hauni catcher has been modified in R. &
D.E.
and attached to the machine. Hand catching is at
present taking place at 3,600 c.p.--.
(2) Marl: 9 - Further Work
Testing continues. Present work involves knife
sharpening, garniture tapes, print movement, and
MODIC weight control.
(3) Examination of SASIB YPSILON
There is nothing to report.
Filter Making Machinery
(2) Examination of Molins Hot Melt Unit
Short period running trials of the Molins Hot Melt
Unit have been completed with the adhesive nozzle
BATCO document for Province of BritlSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-35-
PROJECT 5000 MODIFIED TOBACCO AND NE14 SMOKING
MATERIALS
5200 Reconstituted Tobacco Smoking Materials
(D.J. Molyneux) (11) Effects of Fillers on PRT
The backwater recirculation system has been
incorporated
in the miniature Fourdrinier machine. Trials
indicate
that it works satisfactorily for the production
of stem and lamina PRTs. Due to work on other
projects
the evaluation of fillers has not started.
(R.W. Hedge) (13) Evaluation of Tobacco/Polymer
Films as Smoking
Materials
As previously, hyperplasia results from Battelle
are awaited prior to completing this evaluation.
(R.W. Hedge) (18) Evaluation of LBA-SRT ex Le Mans
Initial tests, which are almost completed, will
be reviewed before deciding whether further work
is necessary in the study of this reconstituted
tobacco.
(J.A. Pritchard) (19) Effect of Extractable
Components of Tobacco
on Smoke Delivery
Cigarettes have been machine-made from Virginia
stem tobacco extracted with a series of solvents
of differing polarity, and from Virginia stem PRT
coated with these tobacco extracts. The cigarettes
will now be smoked to determine the effect of the
components extracted by each solvent on TPM
delivery.
00
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-35a-
5300 Non-Tobacco Smoking Materials
(R.W. Hedge) (6) Laboratory Examination of Natural
and Synthetic
Materials
No further work has been undertaken this quarter.
(R.W. Hedge) (11) Response of Polymer Pairings in
Biological Tests
(R. Comber) The test results have not, as yet,
been analysed due
to holidays and pressure of other work.
(R.W. Hedge) (12) To Improve Ash Formation of
Non-Combustible Fillers
A report has been issued showing that recent
formulations
of NCF have improved ash formation properties.
No further work is anticipated at present.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (14) Smoking Composition T.P. -
Patent Application RD 111
A Complete Specification is being filed in 14
countries.'
(R.W. Hedge) (17) Further Development of NCF
There is nothing further to report. Most effort
is on 5319.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (18) The Transfer of Metals to
Smoke from NCF
Preliminary tests have been carried out and
optimum
conditions established for operating the atomic
absorption spectrometer.
Work is temporarily in abeyance due to work on
Project
3146.
(R.W. Hedge) (19) Low Density NCF Development
The need for improved equipment has become
apparent
as investigations have proceeded. This is being
pursued. No acceptable low density materih has
been produced, although some very thick samples
have been made.
00
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-33b-
(Mrs. U. Ende)
(J.A. Pritchard)
5400
(H.G. Horsewell)
(P.J. Nicholl)
(R.E. Thornton)
(D.J. Wood)
(R.W. Hedge)
(H.G. Horsewell)
(P.J. Nicholl)
(R.E. Thornton)
(D.J. Wood)
(R.W. Hedge)
(H.G. Horsewell)
(P.J. Nicholl)
(R.E. Thornton)
(D.J. Wood)
(K.D. Kilburn)
(R.W. Hedge)
(20) Reconstituted Tobacco Containing Chalk, or
ZnO
or C - Patent Applications RD 127, 128 and 129
Work on this invention is continuing.
(21) Effect of Water Soluble Components in Tobacco
Ash on Smoke Delivery
Preliminary experiments have indicated that
inorganic
constituents of tobacco are important in reducing
TPDI delivery. A study of the effect on smoke
delivery
of impregnation of RTS and tobacco with the
soluble
components of tobacco ash has commenced.
Prototype Cigarettes
(1) Design of Cigarettes of Reduced Biological
Activity (PRT and Filters)
Smoking comparisons have been completed and the
results will be reviewed in the light of attaining
the original objective.
(2) Design of Cigarettes of Reduced Biological
Activity - Modified BATEX
No further testing is intended in view of the
unencouraging
results to date. Reporting will be held over until
hyperplasia results are available.
(3) Evaluation of Cigarettes Containing NCF
This work has been reported. No results have been
obtained that would dispel the promise of NCF as a
possible future product within the proviso of
5319.
4 i'
-.'J
00
CO
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


ADMINISTRATION
JULY - SEPTEMBER, 1971
1
Ql~
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


ACCOUNTS
Revenue
At the time of writing this report the final
accounts for the 1970/71
financial year were not available. However, the
latest available figures
indicate that, although Research Planning expenses
should approximate to
the budget forecasts, final R. & D.E. expenses
will exceed our approved
budget by an estimated L38,000. This variance is
mainly attributable to
the economic increases granted to both staff and
payroll personnel in
April, 1971, a sharp rise in the cost of mains
services, particularly
Steam and electricity, and a one-off charge of
L4,900 for additional
pension annuities.
Capital
The Statement of account for capital expenditure
as at 30th September,
1971, is:-
Specific & General Common Total
to Projects to All
Budgeted E88,000 E14,000 E102,000
Committed E87,226 E18,304 E105,530
Balance 774 (4,304) (3,530)
Major items ordered during the quarter included a
Preparative Ultracentrifuge
(E3,400) and Model 1520 Gas Chromatograph
(E4,300). The purchase of the
latter equipment, required for the measurement of
pesticide residues,
including D.D.T., in cigarettes, resulted in the
over expenditure indicated
above.
IV
"0
r~_3
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-2-
PERSONNEL
Staff
During this quarter our Colleagues from Liverpool
began to set up
their Packaging Laboratory on the mezzanine floor
of Development Hall 2.
Mr. D.R. Davies arrived in August, followed
shortly by Mr. F.H. Dashley
and two assistants, Mr. C. Brown and Miss C.
Dawson. Local recruitment
for Product Development had been successful and
the engaged assistants
were gainfully employed by our Q.C. laboratories
until Mr. Davies was
ready to accept them. Mrs. J. Elsey was
transferred from Administration
to become Mr. Davies' secretary. Mrs. G. Evans was
engaged as Mr. Page's
secretary.
Mr. L. Groves retired on 30th September after 431
years of service
2
with the Company. Mr. Groves joined the Company in
1928 in the Primary
Manufacturing Department and ended as a Making
Machine Mechanic in
R. & D.E. Mr. Groves recently suffered a heart
attack, but made a
remarkable recovery and we extend to him a very
happy retirement.
Three graduates joined the Establishment in this
quarter,
Dr. R.A. Crellin (replacement for Mrs. M. Slade)
joined Mr. H.G. Horsewell's
group; Dr. L.V. Wilton (replacement for Miss V.G.
Mver) joined
Dr. R.E. Thornton's group, and Dr. R.R. Baker
joined Dr. K.D. Kilburn's
group.
We welcome Miss A.E. Wood as our new Catering
Manageress.
Mrs. L. Martin will join the Establishment as Head
Cook in the first
week of October. Mrs. Martin is filling the post
vacated by Mr. I. Taylor
(Chef).
Miss L. McGillivray, one of our Statisticians,
will be resigning
shortly and we are now actively engaged in
recruiting a replacement for her~~
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-3-
Mr. P. Curson, one of our Mathematical Scientists,
resigned at
the end of September and we will be recruiting a
replacement for him
shortly.
ENGIVEERING SERVICES A.N.TD BUILDINGS
Laboratory Block No major work undertaken.
Filtrona model 300 smoking engine installed
in Laboratory 14.
Layout and services in Chemical room modified.
Order placed for condition unit, Laboratory
28/29.
Development Halls 80 ft Mezzanine extension
completed.
Laboratory and offices now in use.
Dish washer and sink unit installed in
servery.
Welding, plunbing and sheet metal bays
partitioned.
Product Development Laboratory Laboratory -
structurally near completion.
Suspended ceiling, ductwork and services
being installed. Floor screeds being laid.
Industrial Block - external structure
virtually completed. Services being installed
and floor screed laid.
Power factor correction applied to electrical
supply.
C::::)
\0
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-4-
PATENTS
New ADolicat:ions Nine new applications have been
filed and
three are under consideration. Three
complete specifications have been filed and
three applications abandoned.
Patents Granted
Application No. Title Country
17071/62 (RD 24) Filamentary reconstituted tobacco
Holland
33335/63 (RD 35) Filter Additive (PEI) Holland
13018/67 (RD 67) Seam former Tunisia, Venezuela
33948/67 (RD 72) Filter Additive (Menthol) Canada
40971/67 (RD 74) Cigarette (APH) U.K.
48233/67 (RD 75) Shredded Foam Filter Venezuela
21128/68 (RD 82) Wet Filter Mexico, Venezuela
23379/68 (RD 83) Cigarette Paper I Argentina,
Switzerland
49027/68 (RD 88) Flexible Pouch U.S.A.
61910/68 (RD 91) Crystalline Filter U.K.
10509/69 (RD 93) Microwave Chimney U.K.
15318/69 (RD 94) Ice Balls S. Africa
10914/70 (RD 99) Tobacco Filler 'NCF' Trinidad
Official Actions
Title Country Response
Second Air Drier (RD 18) Germany To be defended
Tabletted Material for Filters
(RD 40) Holland Examination requested
Granular Rods (I.S.) (RD 51) Germany To be
defended
Autoanalyzer (RD 63) Australia To be defended
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-5-
Title Country Response
Calibrated Garniture (RD- 64) Germany To be
defended
Filter Capsules (F) (RD 81) Germany Examination
requested
Canada To be defended
Wet Filter (RD 82) Canada To be defended
U.S.A. To be defended
U.K. Application divided
Cigarette Paper I (RD 83) Canada To be defended
U.S.A. To be defended
Filter (S.P.) (RD 89) Holland To be defended
U.S.A. To be defended
Filter (F.R.) (RD 90) U.S.A. To be defended
Microwave Chirmey (RD 93) U.S.A. To be defended
Ice Balls (RD 94) Canada To be defended
Germany To be defended
U.K. To be defended
Filter (MO) (RD 95) Canada To be defended
Smoking Composition (RD 96) U.K. To be defended
Tobacco Filler 'NCF' New Zealand To be defended
Rod Cutter (RD 102) Holland Examination requested
Germany Examination requested
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-6-
REPORTS
During the quarter the following reports were
issued.
RD REPORTS
Title
The Eitect of Shipment and Market Conditions in
Kuwait and
Bahrein on Some Properties of State Express Filter
King
Cigarettes Exported from the U.K.
Further Work on the Filtration of Carbon Monoxide
and Nitric
Oxide
The Microbiological Examination of Aqueous
Extracts of Tobacco
Stem and Lamina
Analysis of JANUS Condensate Solutions
Amelioration Studies with Reconstituted Tobacco
The Production Trial of Molins WMH2 Wrapper to
Maximise
Sealing Efficiency
Further Examination of Cigarette Smoke for the
Presence of
Higher Nitrosamines,
Control of Mould Growth on "Black Horse" Tobacco
Microbiological Examination of La Tropical de Luxe
Corona Cigars
Microbiological Examination of "Old Port"
Cigarillos, "Stag"
Chewing Tobacco and "Copenhagen" Snuff
The Effect of Re-Drying on the Microflora of
Tobacco
A Filter Design for Producing a More Uniform
Puff-by-Puff
Delivery of TPM
Examination of Buckeye Filter Rods
The Effect of Manufacturing Process Variables on
the Spotting
Potential of U.S. Flue-cured Lamina
An Evaluation of the Properties of Smoke from
Cigarette
Blends Containing NCF
The Moisture Distribution Within Cases of Stem at
Entry to
the U.K. - U.S. 1970 Crop Dried Experimentally in
the Gravity
Feed Pipe
Reoort No.
RD.796-F
RD.802-R
RD.807-R
RD.808-R
RD.810-R
RD.811-R
RD.812-R
RD.813-K
RD.814-R
RD.815-R
RD.816-R
RD.817-R
RD.818-R
RD.819-R
RD.820-R
RD.821-R
Q-3
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
NoV8Mber 1999


Title Report No.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of
Beating
Conditions on the Physical and Smoke Properties of
Burley
Stem PRT Handsheets RD.822-R
An Examination of Cigarette Smoke for the Presence
of
Steam-Volatile Nitrosamines RD.823-R
The Effect of Smoking Pattern on the Retention of
Smoke
in the Human Respiratory System RD.824-R
The Moisture Content of Cases of Lamina at Entry
to the
U.K. - U.S. 1969 Crop RD.825-R
Laboratory Scale Experiments on the Effect of Heat
and Steam
on the Spotting.Potential of U.S. Flue-cured
Lamina RD.826-R
Retention of Nitric Oxide in the Human Respiratory
System RD.828-R
The Effect of Redrying Process Variables on the
Spotting
Potential of U.S. Flue-cured Lamina: First Interim
Report RD.830-R
Examination of New Zealand Cigarette Brands
RD.832-R
NIQ
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


LABORATORY REPORTS
Title Report No.
Histamine Release in Chorioallantoic Membrane
(CAM) L.378-R
Cigarette Ash Formation for Blends Containing NCF
L.379-R
Examination of a Carbon Sample from Mexico L.380-R
Evaluation of Cigar Filters ex Belgo International
L.381-R
Examination of Filters from Muratti Multifilter
(Argentina) L.382-R
ENGINEERING REPORTS
Title Report No.
Some Measurements of Bronze Powder in the
Atmosphere in
the Operator Area of a Cigarette Making Machine
E.163-R
Handbook for B-A.T. Continuous Moisture Meter -
Mark 2 E.164-R
SYSTEMS DEFINITIONS REPORTS
System for Monitoring JANUS Experiments
SD.3500J/01
CZ:)
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-9-
REPORTS SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR ISSUE TO OUTSIDE
URGANISATIONS
AR REPORTS
Title Report No.
A U.V. Spectrophotometric Method for the
Determination of
Nitric Oxide in Smoke RD.797-AR
Further Examination of Cigarette Smoke for the
Presence of
Higher Nitrosamines RD.812-AR
Microbiological Examination of La Tropical de Luxe
Corona
Cigars RD.814-AR
An Examination of Cigarette Smoke for the Presence
of
Steanr-Volatile Nitrosamines RD.823-AR
M REPORTS
Performance Trials of Molins P.M.5/Molins Mark XV
Filter
Rod Making Machine RD.795-M
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-10-
APPENDIX I
PERSONNEL
Staff
Staff employed
Resignations pending
Retirements pending
Transfers
Transfers pending
Recruited but not yet employed
Additions (13)
Dr. R.R. Baker
Dr. R.A. Crellin
Dr. L.V. Wilton
J.R. Ansell
Miss G.A. Baker
Miss S. Behan
Mrs. J.A. Garmston
Miss A. Roe
Miss S. Roper
Miss A.E. Wood
Mrs. G.C. Evans
Miss J.E. Thornton
G.B. Murfitt
30.6.71 30.9.71
221 224
3 2
1 1
217 221
3 4
- 3
220 228
7 4
227 232
Research Scientist
Research Scientist
Research Scientist
Laboratory Assistant 1
Laboratory Assistant II
Laboratory Assistant II
Laboratory Assistant II
Laboratory Assistant II
Laboratory Assistant II
Canteen Manageress
Secretary
Office Junior
Laboratory Storeman
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


T,
-TT
41-
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


Deletions (10)
P.A. Curson Research Scientist
Miss V.G. Myer Research Scientist
A.J.B. Halls Laboratory Assistant I
J.C. Bone Laboratory Assistant II
C.T. Mitchell Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. G.M. Gough Canteen Manageress
1. Taylor Chef
Mrs. M.J. Goodwin Accounts Clerk
K. Quigley Laboratory Storeman
L.A. Groves N.S.S. Mechanic
Resignations Pending (2)
Miss L.M. McGillivray Statistician
D.N.D. Leyland Laboratory Assistant I
Transfers (4)
D.R. Davies Manager, Product Development
F. Dashley Chemist
C..Brown Laboratory Assistant II
Miss C. Dawson Laboratory Assistant II
Transfers Pending (3)
G. Brown Chemist
P. Powell Laboratory Assistant I
Miss I. Bradley Laboratory Assistant II
C.'O
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-12-
Staff recruited but not: yet employed (4)
S.R. Massey Research Scientist
R.J. Tonkin Laboratory Assistant I
Miss J. Kirby Laboratory Assistant I
Mrs. L. Martin Head Cook
Retirements Pending (1)
H. Curtis N.S.S. Sheet Metal Worker
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-13-
VISITORS
Over the three months a total of 107 visitors,
including 60 from
associated companies, came to the Establishment. A
detailed list is
given below.
K.K. Abraham Asst. Production Manager, India
C.F. Ahmed B-A.T. Millbank
V.A.L. Alvi Factory Manager, Pakistan
C.C. Appayya Leaf Factory Manager, India
B.H. Barclay P.S.A. Ltd., London
L. Baretta B-A.T. Holland
S. Baxter Monsanto Chemical Co.
Dr. P. Billingshurst I.C.I.
Dr. M. Blackburn Sheffield University
Dr. C.T. Blood Alginate Ind. Ltd.
M. Bolsover Marketing Department, Millbank
Dr. H. Borowski B-A.T. Germany
Dr. R.C. Brown Bath University
M.A.S. Burt Molins Machine Co.
C. Capps Wiggins Teape
G. Carlier Odon Warland, Belgium
J. Cordy Indian Tobacco Co., India
Dr. M.C. Corfield W.I.R.E. Leeds
G.B. Crawford Production Department, Millbank
A.R.J. Christodolo Leaf Department, Millbank
J.A.C. Christie Monsanto Chemical Co.
B. Cross W.D. & H.O. Wills, Newcastle
W.J. Dickson Marketing Director, Nigeria
03
Cl-\
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


-14-
K. Diprose
J.G. Dowding
Dunn
Dr. S.F. Dyke
Sir Charles Ellis
A.H. Farrar
Dr. R. Fenwick
P.G. Fulton
P.H. Gannaway
A.P.J. Gatward
G. Gerardy
R.S. Gibbs (+ 11 Students)
Dr. M. Gibson
P.J. Glider
F.A. Gutfield
G.C. Hardwicke
M. Harris
R. Hebron
A. Hogg
J.M. Hoskins
D.E. Hughes
C.J.D. Hujl
B. Inglis
J. Jahn
R.H. James
A.G. Jeffrys
T. Job
Market Research Dept., Millbank
'211olins Machine Co.
Engineering Dept., Millbank
Bath University
Consultant
Technical Projects, Hillbank
Sheffield University
Production Director, W.D. & H.O. Wills,
New Zealand
R. & D.D., Millbank
Wiggins Teape
Odon Warland, Belgium
Highbury Technical College, Portsmouth
W.I.R.E. Leeds
Wiggins Teape
Wiggins Teape
Factory Manager, Trinidad
Factory Manager, W.D. & H.O. Wills, New Zealand
S.C.L. Liverpool
College of Librarianship, Aberystwyth
W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
Engineering Dept., Millbarik
Factory Manager, Brazil
Wiggins Teape
Hauni, Hamburg
S.C.L. Liverpool
Molins Machine Co.
Factory Manager, Souza Cruz, Brazil
C~O
0-3
BATCO doCUrnent for Province of BritiSh ColUrnbia
I I Novernber 1999


-15-
K.A. Johnson
M.R. Jukes
M. Kassim
T.K. Kierulf
Dr. R. Kunkel
J.R. Lado
A.M. Lal
R. Lear
D. Lloyd
T. Long
A. Low
R.D. Lowe
F.L. Lynch
Dr. D. Mackay
C.I.A. Meikle
J.M.E. Mogwanja
Dr. T. Mooney
H.I. More
J. Palmer
C.E. Peacock
E.G. Preston
K. Prout
C.R. Quintin
H.T. Ralph
G.V.R. Ranjan
O.H. Raymond
Wiggins Teape
Forestry Research Station, Farnham
Leaf Branch Manager, Malaya
Assistant Chief Engineer, Argentina
Celanese, Charlotte, U.S.A.
Assistant Factory Manager, Angola
Chairman, Vazir Sultan Tobacco Co., India
W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
Ferranti, Manchester
W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
Production Dept., Millbank
Leaf Dept., Millbank
Assistant to Production Director, B razil
Foster D. Snell, New York
Assistant Factory Manager (Des.) Tr inidad
Factory Manager, Kenya
Andcon Inst. Ltd.
Production Dept., Millbank
Legal Dept., Millbank
W.D. & H.O. Wills, New Zealand
Molins Machine Co.
Prod. Dev. Supervisor, W.D. & H.O. Wills,
Australia
Assistant Factory Manager, Guyana
Wiggins Teape
Leaf Branch Manager, India
Chief Engineer, Malaya
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-16-
V.N. Reddi Leaf Factory Manager, India
D.L. Rice Technical Indexes
Dr. W.J. Roberts Celanese, Charlotte, U.S.A.
A.I.T. Robinson P.P. Development Manager, Brazil
M.J. Rothwell Ferranti, Manchester
D.L. Rowatt E-A.T. Liverpool
L.A. Rowell I.T.P. Canada
W. Rudziant Hauni, Germany
Dr. F. Seehofer B-A.T. Hamburg
K. Seel Hauni, Hamburg
J. Sexstone B. & W., Louisville, U.S.A.
Dr. C.J.P. de Siqueira Souza Cruz, Brazil
Dr. S.K. Skinner Monsanto Chemical Co.
Dr. M.K. Smith Wiggins Teape
N. Stockley Leaf Dept., Millbank
G. Teazian Factory Manager, Costa Rica
N.C. Thompson Technical Projects, Millbank
Dr. P. Volans Monsanto Chemical Co.
R. Williams Molins Machine Co.
T.G. Winter Forestry Research Station, Farnham
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999