QUARTERLY REPORT
OCTOBER DECEMBER, 1971
4.2.1972.
COMPILED BY: D.J. Wood
ISSUED BY: F. Haslam
DISTRIBUTION:
Dr. S.J. Green
Dr. I.W. Hughes
Dr. R.A. Sanford
R.S. Wade, Esq.
Manager, R. & D.D., Australia
Herr H. Sottorf
D.R. Davies, Esq.
J-E. Sismey, Esq.
S.K. Keshava, Esq.
J.G. Burgan, Esq.
Dr. D.G. Felton
Group R. & D. Centre Library
Group R. & D. Centre' File No. 38A
Copy No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
8
9, 10
11, 12, 13
14, 15
16, 17
is
19
20
21, 22, 23
24
25, 26
27 COPY NO:
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


CONTRACT RESEARCH
OCTOBER - DECEMBER, 1971
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 1000 CONTRACT RESEARCH - LABORATORIES
1100 Tobacco Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (1) Analysis of T.R.C. Samples
No samples were submitted for analysis during this
quarter.
1200 Smoke Studies
(R.E. Thornton) (1) Analysis of T.R.C. Samples
With a view to the adoption of a standard method,
work has commenced on the evaluation of a GLC
method for measuring individually the nicotine
alkaloids in cigarette smoke.
1500 Design of Cigarette
(R.E. Thornton) (3) Cigarette Design Handbook -
2nd Edition
The Cigarette Design Handbook is now in the hands
of the printers.
(H.G. Horsewell) (5) Filter Design Handbook
The Filter Design Handbook is now in the hands of
the printers.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 6000 CONTRACT RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT
6 loo Leaf Plant
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Moisture Content of Tobacco in
Cases (U.S. Stem
1970 Crop)
The work on the monitoring of the moisture content
of cases of lamina and stem at input to the U.K.
has continued. A report was issued in which
the work of the past three years was surveyed.
A report was also issued on the lamina from the
1970 crop.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (2) Spotting - Effect of Redrying
Variables
A first interim report was issued on the effect
of redrying process variables on the spotting
potential of U.S. flue-cured lamina.
6200 Primary Manufacture
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Spotting - Effect of Process
Variables -
Further work
Because of shortage of staff no work was done
on this project.
6220 continuous Moisture Meters
(A.E. Yallup) (1) Construction of Continuous
Moisture Meters
(F.W. Bellchambers) Four Metering Units and 11
Measuring Heads have
been despatched. Outstanding orders at present
are for 6 Measuring Heads, and an investigation
is proceeding into the measurement of the moisture
content of tobacco whilst it is undergoing filling
power tests in an Instron machine.
C71
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-3-
(A.E. Yallup) (2) B-A.T. Continuous Moisture Meter
Mark 2
(F.W. Bellchambers) The B-A.T. Continuous Moisture
meter circuits have
been redesigned using the newer microcircuit
type electronic components. This redesign has
also taken into account the user information
gathered from the Mark 1 meter. A report
describing
the Mark 2 meter has been issued.
6300 Secondary Manufacture
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Making at Packing Moisture
Content
In conjunction with I.E.D., Southampton Branch,
the effect of making at packing moisture is being
examined.
6600 Waste litilisation
(P.J. Nicholl) (14) Survey of W.T.U. in Europe
The position in Switzerland and Finland is under
review and samples of waste tobacco have been
received for laboratory examination.
(D.J. Molyneux) (23) BATEX - Installation and
Operation Manual
Preparation of this manual awaits completion
of design work by W.H. Dickinson Engineering
Limited.
(D.J. Molyneux) (24) BATEX Process Evaluation -
New Zealand
A report on this evaluation has been issued.
It was found that a combination of BATEX and
T.S.U. would give an attractive financial return.
W.D. & H.O. Wills (New Zealand) have placed an
order for a BATEX plant.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-4-
6700 General
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Quality and Process Control
Investigation
Dependent on B-A.T. (Nederland)
Further work on the project is still delayed
at the request of B-A.T. (Nederland).
(J.K. Milner) (2) LOS ANGELES Assembler
Development
Project closed.
(A.R. Cox) (3) Yellow Spotting of Cigarettes -
SIRA Instrument
The limits of the sensitivity of the instrument
have been determined such that the displayed
number is positively related to the yellow
spotting
of the cigarettes. The work in ascertaining
a relevant resolution for the instrument is in
hand, as is also the determination of the
correlation
with subjective classification by observers.
A modification to the electronics has been made
so that the instrument can display cumulative
area counts.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-5-
PROJECT 6800 PAYER RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO
6810 Product Specification
(D.J. Molyneux) (1) PRT-71 - Product Specification
and Test Methods
The data needed to complete the product
specification
is now available. Draft versions of the test
methods manual are being prepared, to be used
for a period of about six months before a final
version is drawn up.
6820 Process Studies
(D.J. Molyneux) (2) Effect of Tobacco Extract on
Properties of PRT
A report on this topic has been issued. It was
found that increasing the level of extract reduced
TPM delivery.
6830 Materials
(D.J. Molyneux) (1) The Evaluation of Tobacco
Stalk in PRT
Further work on this subject awaits delivery
of 1000 lb stalk and completion of the Sprout-
Waldron refiner installation.
6840 Product Evaluation
(D.J. Molyneux) (2) Evaluation of IED-SRT
All the experimental data (except hyperplasia
results) for IED-SRT and for the comparative
batch of IED-PRT is available, and is being
assessed.
Unprogrammed
(D.J. Molyneux) Corrosion Problem in Nigeria
Assistance has been given to T.P.D. towards find
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-6-
a solution to-the problem of corrosion in the
air handling units in Zaria. Further work in
this area is envisaged.
6850 Microbiology
Unprogrammed
(P.C. Stauber) Microbiological Aspects of PRT-71
Premises for a small microbiological facility
and sampling points for some of the equipment
handling wet materials have been agreed.
QY7
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
OCTOBER - DECEMBER, 1971
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-1-
PROJECT 2000 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH STUDIES
2100 Tobacco
(A.R. Cousins) (16) Development of a Method for
the Determination
of Cocoa
Following the development of a method for the
semi-quantitative estimation of cocoa on a blend,
several commercial brands have been examined
for the presence of cocoa. A variety of cocoa
powders, used by B-A.T. operating companies as
casings, are being examined for their theobromine
content to see if the theobromine level varies
with the source of cocoa.
(C.I. Ayres) (17) Development of Method for the
Determination of
Nitrite
Work on this project is in abeyance.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (18) Determination of
Organo-Chlorine Pesticide
Residuess
Work is in progress to develop methods for the
determination of organo-chlorine pesticide
residues
on tobacco.
2200 Smoke
O.G. Underwood) (28) Further Studies on
"Extractable Nicotine"
Experimental work has been continued on model
systems. Work on the acid-base and partition
behaviour has been further delayed. The computer
program "Haltafall", while functioning
satisfactorily
on test data, is not yielding information on
the nicotine-acetic acid system.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-2-
(H.F. Dymond) (31) Development of G.C. for High
Boiling Fraction
The development of this technique is complete.
A report scheduled for this quarter has been
delayed by Project 3146.
(R.R. Baker) (32) Mass Spectrometer Gas Probe -
Feasibility Study
The probe has been connected directly to the
ion source of the MS2 via a capillary tube, and
the overall response time of the system is less
than 0.5 seconds. By locking the mass spectrometer
onto specific mass numbers, and placing the probe
at different positions within the cigarette,
concentration contours in the vicinity of the
coal have been obtained for oxygen, methane,
and carbon dioxide, with the cigarette smoked
under Camver conditions. Incorporation of a
thermocouple at the mouth of the probe has allowed
temperature contours to be obtained at the same
time as the concentration contour determinations.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (34) Evaluation of B. & W.
Auto:mated Method for
Nicotine Alkaloids
Tests carried out have shown that the B. & W.
automated colorimetric method for the
determination
of nicotine alkaloids in cigarette smoke can
be used successfully for the analysis of
cigarettes
of the type normally used at Group R. & D. Centre.
A modification to the method allows it to b,&
used for
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-3-
(1) the determination of nicotine alkaloids irl
tobacco
(2) the determination of "extractable" nicotine
values for tobacco and smoke.
A report of this work has been issued.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (35) The Assessment of Smoke
Trapping Methods
The comparative efficiencies of Cambridge filters,
impaction traps and the Elmenhorst (cold) trap
are being determined for some selected smoke
components using the Mason smoking engine and
a number of different cigarette types. The effect
of small- versus large-scale smoking runs is
also being examined for impaction traps and
Elmenhorst
traps.
An impaction trap of slightly modified design
has recently been acquired and is being studied
in this work.
2400 Development of Equipment
(P.A. Curson) (1) Computer Program to Reformat
Data from Westinghouse
Data-Logger
A systems definition for the computer programs
designed for preliminary analysis of data from
the Westinghouse Data Logger has been issued.
No further work on these programs is envisaged
at present.
Q;1
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-4-
Unprogrammed
(R.R. Baker) Combustion Temperatures
A literature survey has been undertaken of methods
of temperature measurement, with a view to
measuring
temperature of both the gas and solid phases
of the combustion zone.
2600 Statistical Methodology
(E.B. Wilkes) (1) Survey of Methods of
Multivariate Analysis
The technique used to interpret results elsewhere
in the programme will be reported later.
(E.B. Wilkes) (2) Analysis of JANUS Results -
Experiment BO
Further Work
A report will be issued next quarter.
(R.B. Dagnall) (4) Application of Cluster Analysis
The report on this work has again been delayed.
(Miss L.McGillivray) (6) Investigation of
Statistical Methods for
Identifying Blend Composition
(R.B. Dagnall)
The results obtained by applying various methods
of
(A.R. Cousins)
analysis to the data have been studied and further
analysed.
(Miss L.McGillivray) (7) Investigation of
Statistical Techniques
(Smoke Panels)
A File Note has been issued summarising the
results
obtained from this investigation so far.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-5-
PROJECT 3100 FACTORS AFFECTING SMOKE GENERATION
3100 The Effects of Tobacco
(W.G.D. Lugton) (1) The Examination of Some
Commercial Brands
(Mrs. S.E. Rayner) The work under this project has
been extended to
include competitors' brands. Tobacco analysis of
all brands is now in progress. Smoke analysis
and nitromethane fraction determinations of the
new samples are also being carried out.
3120 The Effect of Culture and Process
(J.G. Underwood) (2) Analysis of Nitrosamines in
Cigarette Smoke
The sensitivity of the method has been increased
ten-fold over that recently reported. The analysis
is being applied to the condensate from a variety
of commercial and experimental cigarettes.
(D.J. Wood) (3) Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation
on Indian Tobacco
Experiments conducted in the Group R. & D. Centre
greenhouse in 1966-69 showed that the amount
of nitrogen taken up by the plant had important
effects on smoke composition. In order to seek
confirmation of these results in field-grown
tobacco, the Indian Leaf Development Company Ltd.
have conducted nitrogen fertilisation trials
with different combinations of tobacco type/soil
type. Samples of the cured tobacco have been
manufactured into cigarettes at Group R. & D.
Centre. It is intended to carry out leaf analysis,
smoke analysis and in-house biological tests.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-6-
3140 The Effects of Cigarette and Smoking
Parameters
(H.F. Dymond) (2) Reduction of Carbon Monoxide
from Cigarettes
Apart from the routine determination of carbon
monoxide from cigarettes there has been no further
work on this project during this quarter.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (3) Project WOLVERHAMPTON: Novel
Cigarette Papers
Further cigarette paper handsheets incorporating
a wide range of thermoplastics, and other
materials,
have been assessed. However, the absence of
a small scale paper-making machine has meant
that it is impossible to obtain confirmation
of a few promising results. Work under this
project has therefore been discontinued.
A report will shortly be issued.
(H.F. Dymond) (5) Delivery of Nitric Oxide
A study of the factors which atfect the delivery
of nitric oxide has continued. Work on puff
parameters is now almost complete and an
investigation
of free and restricted smoking has also been
carried out. A large number of samples for routine
analysis have been received this quarter, which
has impeded the nitric oxide research work.
(H.F. Dymond) (6) Effect of Climatic Conditions
(Mrs. B.M. Watts) The following work was carried
out at the Royal
(T. Hirji) Aircraft Establishment (Farnborough). I
(R.B. Dagnall) The effect of changes in
atmospheric pressure
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-7-
(altitude) i.e. reduced oxygen concentration, on
the delivery of CO, NO, TPM, nicotine, phenol and
water has been studied for pressures ranging from
750 mm Hg to 550 mm Hg. The work is now complete
and the results are being evaluated statistically.
An analysis of variance has shown significant
differences
for TPM, nicotine, phenols and water. Statistical
analyses could not be applied to CO and NO.
Study of the effects of temperature and humidity
on the delivery of the same smoke constituents
has also been completed, although a number of
subsidiary
tests are still continuing. Four temperatures
covering the range 0 0C to 40 0C at each of four
humidities covering the range 10% to 95% were
studied
in duplicate.
The analytical results have now been passed to
the computation group for statistical analysis.
3160 The Effect of Transfer and Pyrolysis
Processes
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (7) Influence of Polarity and
Vapour Pressure on TPM
The influence of polarity and vapour pressure
on the transfer of additives to smoke has been
studied. For the experimental conditions used
the transfer was constant at about 10-13%.
A report of this work has been issued.
Based on the results of this work a.patent for
increase of nicotine transfer has been filed.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(S.R. Massey) (8) The Mass Balance of Nicotine in
a Burning Cigarette
The new smoking cartridge has been developed
to give acceptable results. The total recovery
of radioactivity, when cigarettes injected with
(N-methyl-Cl4) are smoked, approaches 100%.
Collection and subsequent radioactivity
determinations
of the gas phase continue to give problems.
(S.R. Massey) (9) The Synthesis of Radioactive
Nicotine
The synthesis of high specific activity nicotine-
VC14 continues satisfactorily. However,
difficulties
were encountered during the initial stages of
the reaction sequence due to the small quantities
(ca. 30-50 mg) of material involved.
Unprogrammed
(R.R. Baker) The Resistance of Tobacco to Mass
Transfer
In order to provide information for use in
theoretical
models of burning cigarettes, the resistance
to mass transfer of the gas phase in tobacco
has been studied by measuring the height
equivalent
to a theoretical plate of methane peaks from
chromatography columns packed with cut tobacco,
and fitting the results to the van Deemter
equation.
There is no major resistance due to the absorption
of methane in tobacco.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-9-
PROJECT 3200 THE PROPERTIES OF THE SMOKE AEROSOL
3200 Factors Affecting Aerosol Growth
(R.B. Richardson) (1) Factors Affecting the
Re-formaLion of Cigarette
Smoke Aerosol
The study of recondensation of smoke at
temperatures
below 3000C has been completed. The nucleation
processes in recondensing smoke would appear
to be controlled by solid nuclei. Since these
could be the involatile products of reactions
which occur during the re-heating cycle, the
recondensation processes may not be typical of
the original processes occurring in the cigarette
coal. A report has been issued.
(R.B. Richardson) (2) Particle Growth by
Coagulation
(R.B. Dagnall) The assessment of the best
computational approach
to this project has continued, but only limited
progress has been made because of the complexity
of the problem.
3220 Deposition of the Aerosol
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (4). Camver Test: The Influence
of Volatile Substances
in Smoke
The report describing this work has been further
delayed.
(R.B. Richardson) (5) Filtration Characteristics
of Model Filters
Work has continued with the evaluation of filters
consisting of bundles of fine tubes, and the
recently purchased aerosol mass monitor is being
used in this work to facilitate the rapid
measurement
of filtration coefficients.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-10-
PROJECT 3300 SMOKE QUALITY
3320 The Establishment of Objective Techniques of
Assessing
Smoke Quality
(D.E. Creighton) (6) Relative Contribution of
Nicotine and Carbon
Monoxide to Human Physiological Response
(Miss L. McGillivray)
A report has been issued. The four cigarettes
for this experiment had originally been chosen
on the basis of their known deliveries of nicotine
and carbon monoxide when smoked by machine, and
the experiment had been statistically designed
on the assumption that human smoking would not
appreciably change the relative deliveries between
cigarettes. Unfortunately the subjects took
much larger puffs on some cigarettes than on
others, and this upset the relative deliveries
to such an extent that interpretation of the
results
became very difficult. It was not possible to
say with any certainty what response carbon
monoxide
had produced, and further experiments will be
necessary in order to settle this point.
(D.E. Creighton) (9) Further Studies of Effect of
Nicotine on Human
Physiological Response
(Mrs. B.M. Watts)
The physiological monitoring of the subjects
for this trial has been completed. The cigarettes
smoked were the Impact standards 2, 4, 6 and
8. The statistical evaluation of the results
is under way.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(D.E. Creighton) (10) Physiolofical Response to
Smoking a Cigar
(E.B. Wilkes) A trial has been started to assess
the physiological
effects of smoking a cigar (without inhalation)
in relation to the effects produced by smoking
a flue-cured tobacco cigarette. A panel of 6
subjects is being used, and is working to an
experimental design prepared by the computation
section.
3330 The Relationship Between Smoke Composition
and
Smoke Quality
(J.D. Backhurst) (11) Response to Known or
Suspected Irritants
Further Work
The effect of a mixture of suspected irritants,
at levels comparable with those found in smoke
from irritating cigarettes, will be assessed
by a smoke panel. Some analytical problems have
been overcome and testing will recommence shortly.
3340 Cigarette Design and Smoke Quality
(C.R. Jenkins) (2) Non-volatile Precursors of
Smoke Flavour
Sensory evaluation of the effect of various
fractions
of an aqueous tobacco extract has been somewhat
delayed in order that examination of the possible
generation of flavour compounds from simple model
systems involving sugars, amino-acids, polyphenols
and the enzyme polyphenolase could be completed.
This has now been achieved, and the results are
being examined. Attention is being directed
to assessing the influence of the aqueous tobacco
extracts on smoke flavour.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-12-
(A.R. Cousins) (3) Blends Containing a Large
Proportion of Reconstituted
Tobacco
The assessment of the flavour profile of a blend
containing 50% Oriental tobacco and 50% PCL has
been completed. Development of a blend containing
50% PCL and having typical air-cured character
has continued. Modifications to this air-cured
cigarette to achieve a satisfactory sensory
irritation
level are being made. The design of a carbon-
filter cigarette containing 50% PCL and having
typical U.S.-blended character has started.
(C.R. Jenkins) (5) Sensory Evaluation of Carbon
Filters
The aim of this study is to examine the effect
on smoke flavour of filters containing activated
carbons. The character imparted to the smoke by
filtration through carbon (the "off-flavour")
has been assessed for a variety of carbon samples.
Attempts are being made to devise a system for
ranking the magnitude of the off-flavour from the
various carbons examined. The effect on
"off-flavour"
of equilibrating the activated carbon with tobacco
volatiles has also been examined. The
"off-flavour"
produced by the carbon from a successful
competition
brand has been evaluated.
(A.R. Cousins) (6) Examination of VANTAGE
Cigarettes
A report has been issued. The unexpected smoke'
quality of VANTAGE cigarettes is thought to be
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


due to a combination of the blend design and the
filter performance. The effect of the VANTAGE
filter on the physical properties of the smoke
aerosol appears similar to that of a conventional
cellulose acetate filter except for the filtration
of small smoke particles.
(A.R. Cousins) (7) Examination of KITO Cigarettes
A report has been issued on a technical
examination
of KITO, a recent introduction by Haus Neuerburg,
the German subsidiary of R.J. Reynolds. The filter
is similar to that used on VANTAGE but comparisons
between the smoke sensory character of KITO and
VANTAGE suggest that the blends are different,
the former being scored with higher Turkish
character.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-14-
PROJECT 3400 FILTRATION
3410 The Study of Filter Materials and New Filters
(H.G. Horsewell) (16) Filters with High Retention
Coefficients for
Particulate Matter
During this quarter, attention has been given
to factors which could increase the performance
of the filters for TPM removal. These include
puff by puff measurements to determine whether
the quantity of deposited smoke affects the
filtration
efficiency.
(H.G. Horsewell) (18) Evaluation of Polyethylene
Foam Filters from
Monsanto
(J.A. Luke)
Samples of filters have been evaluated for
Monsanto
Chemicals Ltd. as part of a study aimed at
improving
the filter performance by varying the method of
production.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (20) Three Foam Filters - Patent
Applications
RD 108, 109 and 110
Complete Specifications have been filed in 14
countries.
(C.T. Martin) (22) Examination of Volatiles in
Carbon from ASTOR
Cigarettes
(H.F. Dymond)
A report has been issued detailing the compounds
found on ASTOR carbon. The main constituent was
water with some 1,2-propylene glycol. Analysis
of the tobacco revealed the presence of
1,2-propylene
glycol and glycerol suggesting that the glycol
found on the carbon may have arisen as a result
of transfer from the tobacco. Storage trials with
added propylene glycol confirmed this as the most
likely explanation.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(Mrs. U. Ende) (25) Tube Filter - Patent
Application RD 117
This Application has been abandoned before filing
a Complete Specification.
(H.G. Horsewell) (29) Evaluation of Carbon Fabric
Samples of carbonised fabric are being evaluated
as a potential filter material.
(H.G. Horsewell) (30) Evaluation of the Perry Mach
Filter
(J.W.P. Phelpstead) Dr. Mach of Munich visited the
Group R. & D. Centre
to demonstrate and observe the evaluation of a
filter which consisted of a disc of treated silica
type fibres interposed between two cellulose
acetate
sections. A report has been issued which stated
that the filter was more effective than cellulose
acetate filters of comparable pressure drop.
It was recommended that no further interest be
taken in view of the hazards involved in the use
of glass fibres.
3420 The Effects of Additives
(H.G. Horsewell) (1) Plasticiser Transfer
(J.W.P. Phelpstead) The work on this project has
been completed and
reported. It was concluded that triacetin
transfers
from the M section of a dual filter to carbon
contained
in the T section. TEGDA transfers to a much
smaller
extent. The effects of this transfer on the
performance
are similar to those reported previously fo_r
filters
in which the plasticiser was present in the same
section as the carbon. It was recommended that
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-16-
if the maximum activity of the carbon is required
TEGDA should be used in the M section.
(H.G. Horsewell) (2) Additives to Monsanto Filters
(J.W.P. Phelpstead) A study of the effects of
chemical additives to Monsanto
foam filters has been carried out to obtain
information
for patent purposes.
3430 Filtration of Specific Compounds
(H.G. Horsewell) (8) Design of Gas Vapour Phase
Filters
Work on this project has been deferred during this
quarter.
(T.W. Tolman) (9) Filtration of Carbon Monoxide
As part of the programme of work on catalysts for
the oxidation of carbon monoxide, attention has
been given to the possibility of preparing
catalysts
consisting of carbon impregnated with silver
permanganate
Various types of carbon are being studied and the
effect of different loadings of permanganate is
being investigated.
The work concerned with the effect of water on
the catalytic activity of manganese dioxide
catalysts
is continuing.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (10) Catalyst III - Patent
Application RD 121
Work on this invention is continuing and results
are awaited before deciding on Completion.
3440 Mechanism of Filtration
(R.A. Crellin) (2) Effect of Ventilation on Filter
Performance
Preliminary results obtained for plain cigarettes
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-17-
have been analysed. New experimental work has
shown that smoulder rates are not affected by the
presence of vents near the mouth end of plain
cigarettes.
(R.B. Richardson) (3) The Effect of Fibre
Orientation on Filter
Characteristics
(Miss C.W. Ayers)
The preliminary measurements which have been made
did not show any consistent pattern of changes
in filtration characteristics with variations in
particle size and fibre orientation, but it is
possible that such effects may only occur when
very fine fibres are used.
(R.A. Crellin) (4) Effect of Changes in Filter
Pressure Drop
During Smoking
The objectives of this project are to study
changes
in filter pressure drop as the cigarette is smoked
and to devise a means of changing the filter
pressure
drop so that a cigarette delivers a constant
quantity
of TPM per puff. Apparatus for measuring pressure
drop on a puff by puff basis has been constructed.
The pressure drop of the filter section alone
may now be measured as puffs are taken, rather
than by removing the tobacco rod and taking an
extra puff of air through the filter. A means
of causing a marked rise in pressure drop during
the last few puffs has been developed based on
shrinkwrapping materials.
CA
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November 1999


-18-
(Mrs. U. Ende) (5) H.S. Wrapper - Patent
Application RD 136
A Provisional Specification has been filed and
work on this invention is continuing.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-19-
PROJECT 3500 BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
3510 Bioassay Studies
(R. Comber) (18) Development of a Test for
Photodynamic Activity
The development of a method for measuring the
photodynamic activity of smoke has continued.
A report on an instrument for measuring the
movement
of ciliates has been issued.
(J.G. Underwood) (22) Interactions Between Smoke
Components and
Nucleic Acid Models
(W.G.D. Lugton)
The radiochemical method for the determination
of the extent of photochemical binding of P.A.H.
to nucleic acids has been improved. The extent
of binding of 3,4-benzpyrene to denatured calf
thymus DNA has been increased. Further work awaits
the arrival of a spectrofluorimeter.
(R. Comber) (23) Investigation of the Mechanism of
Thickening
in the Chorioallantoic Membrane
This project has been completed and a report
issued.
The main conclusions are that smoke condensate,
croton oil and other irritants produce
qualitatively
similar effects, which are similar to irritant
effects in mammalian systems. It is concluded
that the method measures the irritant activity
of smoke.
(R. Comber) (26) Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes:
Effect of Smoke
(Mrs. D.G.E. Newell) Work on this project has
continued. Some trouble
has been experienced with microbiological
contamination
of cells.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-20-
(H.F. Dymond) (27) Benzophenone as a TPM Label
O.C. Underwood) Work has begun on the analysis of
benzophenone in
TPM. The high boiling scan (2231) has provided the
basis of the method. It has been shown that it is
possible to detect benzophenone in TPM, but
further
method development is required in order to obtain
a quantitative determination at the level likely
to be present from laryngeal or bronchial
extracts.
(Mrs. L.V. Wilton) (28) The Effect of Smoke on
Mucopolysaccharide
Synthesis in Tracheal Rings
The effect of smoke on mucopolysaccharide
synthesis
in tracheal rings is being investigated with the
ultimate intention of developing a new bioassay,
relevant to bronchitis.
The effect on the development of outgrowths from
the tracheal rings of different levels of serum
in the culture medium has been investigated.
(R. Comber) (29) Promoting Activity in Cell
Culture
(Mrs. D.G.E. Newell) An attempt is being made to
set up a published
tissue culture assay for measuring
tumour-promoting
activity. At present the cells requiTed for this
test are being grown.
3520 Physiological Studies
(J.D. Backhurst) (6) Retention of Smoke from
Air-cured Cigarettes
in the Respiratory System
(D.E. Creighton)
The retentions of nicotine and of TPM, measured
as fluorescent tar, from a single puff of a
Cauloise
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-21-
cigarette are being studied at the breathing
patterns
which showed the highest and lowest retentions
in previous studies. Gauloise has been chosen
as an example of an air-cured tobacco cigarette.
3530 Microbiological Studies
(T.G. Mitchell) (7) Development of Methods for
Possible Transfer of
micro-organisms to Smoke
No practical work has been carried out on this
project in the quarter.
(T.G. Mi'tchell) (11) Preliminary Evaluation of
Bacteriophage Induction
Due to effort on Project 3530/19 no work has been
carried out on Lhis project in the quarter.
(T.G. Mitchell) (12) Identification of Pink
Pigmented Bacteria
Bacteria regularly isolated from U.S. flue-cured
leaf have been identified as Pseudomonas
extorquens.
A selective medium has been devised for their
isolation and enumeration from tobacco to aid
any further studies in assessing their
significance.
(P.C. Stauber) (14) Summary of Methods for
Microbiological
Examination of Tobacco
(T.G. Mitchell)
A report describing the methods used in the Group
R. & D. Centre for the microbiological examination
of tobacco is being prepared.
(P.C. Stauber) (18) Isolation of Listeria
Monocytogenes
L. monocytogenes is pathogenic to man and animals
and capable of growth under conditions found in
fermenting vegetation, i.e. silage. A reference
(:Z:l
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


strain of Listeria monocytogenes has been obtained
and is being used to evaluate enrichment and
selective
media to facilitate isolation from mixed cultures.
The intention is to examine samples of fermented
tobacco for the possible presence of this
organism.
(P.C. Stauber) (19) Microbiological Examination of
Cigars
(T.G. Mitchell) As an extension of work previously
programmed under
3530(13), further studies have been made of the
microflora of a number of cigar products, made
both by hand and by machine.
3540 Influence of Smoke Composition
(W.G.D. Lugton) (4) Cigarette Parameters: Effects
of Altering
the Circumference
A report has been issued. It was shown that
cigarettes
of smaller than average circumference produced
low deliveries of smoke products which had a lower
specific activity (by a number of tests), while
cigarettes whose circumference was greater than
25 mm did not give a proportionately large
delivery
of smoke products. The oval cigarettes examined
seemed to offer no advantages.
(Mrs. S.E. Rayner) (5) The Chemical Composition of
Smoke Fractions
(J.G. Underwood) A selection of traces has been
added to smoke condensate
and the amount appearing in the nitromethane
fraction
determined. 18% of the weight of the nitromethane
fraction has been accounted for, and a report
has been issued.
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November 1999


-23-
(Mrs. S.E. Rayner)
3550
(D.E..Creighton)
(Miss L.McGillivray)
(D.E. Creighton)
(Mrs. B.M. Watts)
(6) Further Fractionation Studies
Work has continued this quarter on the development
of alternative fractionation procedures and the
main effort has been devoted to the method based
on centrifugation. Some biological results have
now been obtained for the fractions produced to
date.
Behavioural Studies
(1) Smoking Pattern: Effect of Changed Delivery
at Constant Pressure Drop
A report has been issued, comparing two cigarettes
with respect to the manner in which they were
puffed and inhaled by a panel of six subjects.
When the acetate filter on a flue-cured cigarette
was replaced by a dual paper-acetate filter of
similar pressure drop but increased efficiency,
the panel tended to compensate for the reduced
smoke delivery by measurable changes in smoking
pattern. Different panel members compensated
for the reduced delivery by increasing the number
of puffs, puff volumes or depth of inhalation.
(2) Smoking Pattern: Effect of Reducing TPM and
Nicotine by a High Pressure Drop Yilter
The aim of this exercise is to investigate the
way in which changing to a higher pressure drop
filter affects the manner in which human subjects
smoke a cigarette. The monitoring of 6 subjects
has been completed, and a statistical evaluation
of the results is being undertaken.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-24-
(D.E. Creighton) (3) Smoking Pattern: Effect of
Introducing Pinholes
in Front of the Filter
Introducing pinholes in front of a cigarette
filter
reduces the delivery of TPM and nicotine, and
the pressure drop of the cigarette. A panel of
6 subjeccs will smoke the ventilated cigarettes,
and cigarettes of the same brand unventilated.
The puffing and inhaling behaviour on both brands
will be compared.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-25-
PROJECT 4100 OPTIMISATION AND CONTROL OF TOBACCO
PROCESSING
4120 Stem Processing
(A.R. Cousins) (4) Comparison of WTS and
Freeze-Dried CRS
(R.W. Hedge) Experimental work on this project has
been completed.
4130 Cut Tobacco
(A.W. Cronshaw) (7) Filling Power Changes during
Water Treatment
Cut Lamina
Because of shortage of staff no work was done
on this project.
(R.W. Hedge) (8) The Additivity of Filling Power
Improvement
Methods
This work has been completed. A report has been
issued in which it is concluded than the CON
process$ applied to WTS CRS or a whole blend
containing
WTS CRS, gives an additional but possibly not
wholly additive increase in firmness.
4140 Instrumentation for Plant
(A.E. Yallup) (2) Evaluation of Sankyo Impulse
Mass Flow Meters
An Impulse mass flow meter model ILH-37, designed
for use in industrial flow lines, has been given
preliminary tests. This meter works on the
principle
of converting the horizontal component of force
due to the falling material to an electrical
signal.
A report has been issued.
Unprogrammed
(A.W. Cronshaw) Moisture Ovens
A visit was made to the laboratory of the
Government
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-26-
Chemist and also to the Research Department of
Imperial Tobacco Group to discuss moisture oven
practice.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-27-
PROJECT 4200 THE OPTIMISATION AND CONTROL OF
CIGARETTE MANUFACTURE
4220 The Effect of the Machine
(A.W. Cronshaw) (17) Production Testing - Modified
R. & D.E. Nylon Band
Scandura, Hauser and Machon Bands are being tested
in Group R. & D. Centre and in I.E.D., Southampton
Branch.
4230 Efficiency Improvement
(R.G. Bryant) (2) Queueing Control for Tobacco
Feed System
Two types of possible queueing control circuits
have been examined and one has been selected as
the most suitable in terms of complexity and cost.
The advantage of this control technique will
depend
on manufacturer developments, particularly in
distribution methods.
4240 Instrumentation and Machine
(R.(;. Bryant) (10) Commissioning of Input
Analogue Channels for
Data-Logger
(A.E. Yallup)
The paper tension and ecretage returns monitoring
transducers have been fitted to a Mark 8 M.C.M.
bringing the analogue inputs to the logger near
completion. Testing of these transducers continues
and only minor modifications are indicated.
The transducer for monitoring mains current and
power is held up for a component from an outside
supplier.
(R.G. Bryant) (11) Testing and Development of
Input Alarta Channels
All of the required alarm detection systems are
01
LV
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-28-
fitted to a Mark 8 M.C.M. and have been on test
transmitting stoppage information to the data
logger. One optical/electronic system, monitoring
plug assembly faults, has been removed and is
being re-designed to eliminate operator
obstruction
and to increase its rigidity. The logger is
providing
increasingly useful and interesting information,
and has to date pin-pointed the effects of
mechanical
and plug faults.
The magnetic tape recording fault last reported
has been traced and rectified. Test tapes have
been run and successfully computer processed.
4250 Quality Measurement and Inspection
(A.W. Cronshaw) (3) Calibration of Hydrostatic
Firmness Tester for
Routine Measurement
(A.R. Cox)
A routine test procedure has been adopted, and
a regular comparison with a firmness profile
integrating
tester has been initiated. Measurements made
in any one group of tests are comparative but
it is not thought that comparison can be extended
between groups. There is a correlation with
profile
tester measurements.
Unprogrammed
(A.W. Cronshaw) Individual Cigarette Weight
Visits have been made to hear presentations of
the Accuray Process Management system and the
Molins MODIC/MAID system. A visit was made to
(DIN
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-29-
Players, Nottingham, to discuss their experience
with an Accuray system.
(A.R. Cox) Unprogrammed
A system utilising a soft X-ray source, to
identify
and distinguish between lamina and CRS in a flue-
cured Virginia blend, was hired and has been
tested
with the object of obtaining blend profiles of
cigarettes. This was achieved. However, for
sufficient accuracy the laboratory instrument
will require either an X-ray generator or the
trial system profiling extremely slowly.
This system was also capable of identifying the
level and profile distribution of NCF material
in certain cigarettes.
4270 New Concepts
(D.B. Naylor) (5) Constant Density Variable
Composition Cigarette
The addition of a 2nd feed hopper system to a
Molins Mark 8 SM has been completed. A method
of shaping tobacco on the suction band has been
evolved using specially shaped ecreteur discs
and an air blow-off. Trials have shown that the
best shaping occurs with material such as PCL.
Two part cigarettes have been successfully made
on the machine using CV48 blend in one half of
the cigarette in each case andin the other half,
PCL, NCF and CRS. These cigarettes are now in
the laboratories for smoke analysis. Meanwhile,
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November 1999


-30-
a more sophisticated air blow-off system is being
developed and also a proper shorts return system
is being added to the first hopper.
(A.W.G. Smeed) (6) Alternatives to Bronze Inks -
Feasibility Study
(D.E. Conway) Further "Gold" letterpress inks have
been evaluated
(N. Foster) and as a result additional trials are
planned
(F. Russell) with an ink from Lorilleux & Bolton.
Chambon Products Ltd. have been asked to provide
a quotation for printing cigarette paper by the
Gravure process to the State Express design.
It has been decided to discontinue looking for
alternative "gold effect" powder which could be
applied by the bronzing process.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (7) CODEVAC - Patent Application RD
139
A Provisional Specification has been filed.
CN
U-4
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-31-
PROJECT 4300 PACKAGING STUDIES
4310 Study of Packaging Materials
(N. Foster) (2) An Evaluation of a Range of
Wrapping Films
An evaluation of the flavour barrier properties
of the range of films is continuing. A comparative
subjective method is being developed.
4320 Study of Adhesives
(N. Foster) (1) The Adhesion of Printed Tipping
Paper
The laboratory adhesive- applicator rig is
undergoing
modifications to enable this work to proceed.
(N. Foster) (2) Effect of Pressure on Carton
Sealing with PVA
Tests using the special jig attached to the
Instron
tester have been completed and indicate that
foamed
flexible plastic cushioning material distributes
the pressure during the sealing period more
uniformly
than solid metal pressure plates enabling bond
formation to proceed more rapidly and with greater
efficiency.
4330 Material Machine Interaction
(N. Foster) (1) Effect of Packaging Materials on
Machine Downtime
(Mrs. B.M. Watts) This work has shown that
downtime involving H.L.
carton blanks plus wrapping faults accounted for
approximately 35Z of the recorded downtime; the
total for all packaging materials amounting to
46% of the recorded downtime.
C:3
01%
C-il
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


A systems definition has been issued for the
computer
program used to analyse the downtime data and
a program description is being prepared.
4340 Package - Product Relationships
(N. Foster) (2) Dependence of Cigarette Quality on
Volatile
Constituents
No further work.
4350 Development of Packages
(N. Foster) (1) Easy Opening Pouches - Evaluation
No further work.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (2) Pouch S.S. - Patent Application
RD 112
A Complete Specification has been filed in two
countries.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (3) Cup Pack - Patent Application
RD 115
The Application has been abandoned before filing
a Complete Specification.
4360 Development - Existing Machines
(N. Foster) (1) Evaluation of I.C.I. Cup Pack
O.K. Milner) The investigation into the
feasibility of making
one-piece, soft cup packs on an A.M.F. machine
using a paper/foil/film laminate offered by I.C.I.
has reached the stage where the folding and
sealing
principles have been proved by the production
of machine made samples. Printed blanks with
an opening system have been ordered for the next
stage of the investigation.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-33-
Unprogrammed
(N. Foster) A means of stabilising the moisture
content of
packed tobacco products during storage is being
investigated. The method involves the use of
saturated solutions of inorganic salts capable
of maintaining a constant relative humidity within
a package whilst saturated. The solutions are
isolated from the product by a plastic membrane,
with a high water vapour permeability.
4370 Development - New Machines
(F. Russell) (1) Machine for Double Shell Pack
(Project STEVENAGE)
Instructions are awaited regarding the disposal
of the machinery. All drawings are now being
updated.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (2) Double Shell Pack - Patent
Application RD 134
Decision on Completing is awaited.
ON
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


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PROJECT 4400 FILTER MANUFACTURE
4410 Preliminary Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (15) Project BATEAU - Freezing
and Solvent Removal
No further practical work has been carried out;
the results obtained are being analysed.
P.A. Luke) (18) Development of Novel Filters for
High Particulate
Retention
Now transferred to 4430(14) and 4430(15).
A number of variations of the tubular filter
design
have been studied, and evaluated with emphasis
on effective reduction in unit costs. Early
samples
have been made.
O.A. Luke) (19) InvestiRation of Plastics
Extrusion Applied
to Filter Design
Now transferred to 443004).
O.A. Luke) (21) Split Film Filters (British Ropes)
Work has centred on evaluating 4 further samples
of material, these having the modified structure.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (23) Fibrillated polypropylene
Filters - Patent
Application RD 120
Data is being collected for filing a Complete
Specification.
(J.A. Luke) (24) Study of Paper Filter Manufacture
A paper filter making machine which operates using
a simplified Muller wet process has been built
and preliminary running has started. At present
the machine uses single roll crimping coupl"ed
with water spraying.
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November 1999


-35-
Q.A. Luke) (25) Manufacture of "Buckeye" Filters
The first objective of this work has been
completed.
This entailed producing acceptable filters from
the supplied material on a machine process.
Further work is delayed until acceptability of
these filters is established at I.T.G.
(J.A. Luke) Unprogrammed
Cellulose Acetate Coated Paper
British Celanese have agreed to supply material
on a larger scale than is possible at Group R. &
D.
Centre. This will be evaluated later. Liaison
with them has started and first results should
be available early in 1972.
Acetate Filter Design
Some assistance has been afforded to M.S.D. in
establishing boundary conditions to the computer
program for tow selection, which will limit the
print out to more manageable proportions.
4430 Machine Development
(J.A. Luke) (14) HEX Filter
A single line has been established on the
prototype
machine, including all stages except the final
sealing unit. This machine initially has run
at 50 feet/minute with reasonably consistent plug
spacing. Incorporation of the final sealing should
be possible early next quarter.
CZ)
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November 1999


-36-
(D.B. Naylor) (15) HAF Filter
Only a little work has been possible on this
filter
owing to the delays in obtaining extruded material
from the suppliers for the end pieces. Difficulty
was experienced by them in maintaining a constant
diameter to the thick walled tubing made from
the chalk/polythene mix. Cutting tests confirmed
that the material would cut easily enough on the
Mark 5 machine bed but was totally unsuitable
for use in the PTC hoppers. The filter knives
would shatter after a few minutes run. Accordingly
the closed cell foamed plastic is being
investigated
as a possible material and also paper based
materials.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (16) Caterpillar Haul-Off - Patent
Application RD 113
A Complete Specification has been filed in five
countries.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (17) RAF Filter - Patent
Application RD 125
Results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on Completion.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (18) C-Filter - Patent Application
RD 122
A Provisional Specification has been filed and
results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on Completion.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


4450 Quality Measurement and Product Control
(J.K. Milner) (1) Development of Inspection
Technique for
BATEAU Filters
(A.E. Yallup)
An inspection method for BATEAU filters is being
(A.W. Cronshaw)
developed using a Molins photomultiplier weight
control unit as the detector. During the quarter
an electronic logic type memory circuit has been
developed for use with the ejector mechanism.
The construction of the prototype detector
amplifier
and ejector control electronic memory mechanism
has been completed. The unit is being fitted
to the filter making machine and will be tested.
(D.B. Naylor) Unprogrammed
A small amount of work has continued on the BATEAU
machinery whilst awaiting marketing reaction to
the project. A limited amount of production of
wax spheres has taken place and short runs have
been conducted on the filter assembler and
cigarette
making machine.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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PROJECT 4500 ASSESSMENT OF NEW EQUIPMENT
4530 Cigarette Machines and Ancillaries
(D.B. Naylor) (1) Hauni Garant 4 - Evaluation
No work has been done on this machine. The
improvement
parts are still awaited from Hauni and are
expected
to be installed by the New Year.
(F. Russell) (2) Mark 9 - Further Work
(A.W. Cronshaw) A first interim report was issued
on the Molins
(A.W.G.:Smeed) MODIC weight control fitted to the
Mark 9 F.T.C.M.
Proving of the cut-off continues. An
investigation-
into cork tipping problems was necessary.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (3) Examination of SASIB YPSILON
(F. Russell) A visit was made to Ad-EF-SASIB,
Bologna, and the
YPSILON cigarette making machine observed in
operation.
4550 Filter Making Machinery
(J.A. Luke) (2) Examination of 11olins Hot Melt
Unit
Various experiments have been carried out to
examine
various modifications to the PM.5. This work
has been reported and the machine should be
returned
to Deptford late in December.
(J.A. Luke) Unprogrammed
Hauni KDF.1
Work aimed towards making the KDF.1 fully suitable
for sample work has begun.
(-r-,
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-39-
PROJECT 5000 MODIFIED TOBACCO AND NEW SMOKING
MATERIALS
5200 Reconstituted Tobacco Smoking Materials
(D.J. Molyneux) (11) Effects of Fillers on PRT
(R. Comber) Preliminary runs have indicated that
the backwater
recirculation system operates satisfactorily with
fillers. and that filler retention is much
improved.
Detailed studies have been delayed by other work.
(R.W. Hedge) (13) Evaluation of Tobacco/Polymer
Films as Smoking
Materials
The hyperplasia results for this project are the
next in line to be received from Battelle.
(R.W. Hedge) (18) Evaluation of LBA-SRT ex Le Mans
No further testing is proposed and the results
are now being assessed.
O.A. Pritchard) (19) Effect of Extractable
Components of Tobacco
on Smoke Delivery
Experimental work is complete and results are
being collated prior to preparation of a report.
01
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I November 1999


-39a-
5300 Non-Tobacco Smoking Materials
(R.W. Hedge) (6) Laboratory-Examination of Natural
and Synthetic
Materials
Two interesting materials have been obtained for
evaluation - calcium alginate in a fibrous form
suited to making a paper sheet and sugar beet
residue most easily formed into a case sheet.
(R.W. Hedge) (11) Response of Polymer Pairings in
Biological Tests
(R. Comber) Analysis of these results has been
completed. In
combination with results from 5213 it would appear
that sodium carboxymethyl cellulose may be a
preferable
binder compared with methyl cellulose.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (14) Smoking Composition - Patent
Application RD 111
A Complete Specification has been filed in 14
countries.
(R.W. Hedge) (17) Further Development of NCF
There is nothing further to report because of
work under 5319.
O.A. Pritchard) (18) Transfer of Metals to Smoke
from NCF
The feasibility of the atomic absorption technique
has already been established and recent work has
been concentrated on the determination of calcium
transfer by this technique. A study has been
made of the day to day reproducibility of the
calibration curve and a procedure is now being
developed for satisfactory condensate colle"ction
and digestion.
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November 1999


-39b-
(R.W. Hedge) (19) Low Density NCF Development
A laboratory sample of NCF with a 40% reduction
in density has been made. The information obtained
from this sample has been used in a patent
application.
Efforts are now directed to reproducing this
material
using a PCL type casting machine, without the
incorporation of Freon as blowing agent, which
was used to make the laboratory sample.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (20) Chalk, ZnO and Carbon in RTS -
Patent Applications
RD 127, 128 and 129
Results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on Completion of the Applications.
O.A. Pritchard) (21) The Effect of Water-Soluble
Components of Tobacco
Ash on Smoke Delivery
The effect of aqueous tobacco ash extract
impregnation
on the TFM delivery from both PRT and tobacco
has been investigated. Significant reductions
in TFM delivery have been observed and it is
intended
that this work should be reported before further
work is undertaken.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (22) Tobacco Ash - Patent
Application RD 132
A Provisional Specification has been filed.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (23) BIFI Sheet - Patent
Application RD 135
A Provisional Specification has been filed.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (24) Low Density NCF - Patent
Application RD 138
A Provisional Specification has been filed.
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November 1999


-39c-
5400 Prototype Cigarettes
(R.W. Hedge) (1) Design of Cigarettes of Reduced
Biological
Activity (PRT and Filters)
(H.G. Horsewell)
A report has been issued. It was concluded that
(P.J. Nicholl)
a blend of possible commercial acceptability,
containing
(R.E. Thornton)
25% PRT, had been achieved. It was found that
(D.J. Wood)
most of the reduction in delivery and slight
changes
in flavour characteristics arise from the paper/CA
dual filter rather than the use of PRT. The
reduction
in biological activity was based mostly on
reduction
in TPM delivery and a supposed, but untested,
reduction
in mouse-skin activity resulting from the use of
high levels of PRT.
(R.W. Hedge) (2) Design of Cigarettes of Reduced
Biological
Activity (Modified BATEX)
(H.G. Horsewell)
Hyperplasia results from Battelle have now been
(P.J. Nicholl)
received. in view of a reduction in activity for
(R.E. Thornton)
the chalk-filled BATEX it has been decided to
complete
(D.J. Wood)
the full range of biological tests in Group R. &
D.
Centre for this sample.
(R.E. Thornton) (4) Design of Blended Cigarettes
of Reduced Biological
Activity
(R. Comber)
Designs for four prototype cigarettes have been
(W.G.D. Lugton)
produced. Their manufacture is delayed by
difficulties
in producing suitable filters.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


ADMINISTRATION
OCTOBER - DECEMBER, 1971
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


ACCOUNTS
Revenue
Expenditure is currently approximating to the
approved monthly
budget allocation.
Capital
Commitments to the 31st December, 1971, are as
follows:
Research & Development Common
Specific & General to all
to Projects
Approved Budget - year 1971/72
Committed at 31st December, 1971
Uncommitted
E102,100 E16,700
25,500 1,800
E 76,600 f14,900
Major items under Research & Development include a
Perkin Elmer
Spectrophotofluorimeter (E4,600). a Gas
Chromatograph (E2,100), a P.E.P.
Data Handling System (E12,400) and a Technicon
Autoanalyser (E2,300).
Under the Common to All heading we have ordered a
replacement motor
vehicle (El,300).
PERSONNEL
Staff
It is regretted that in the quarter July to
September 1971, there
was an error in the calculations of the staff
figures and an amendment
to these is given in Appendix 1.
During the quarter, Miss L. McGillivray, our
Statistician, resigned
and we engaged Mr. T. Hirji as a replacement. Mr.
S.R. Massey, Research
Scientist, was engaged in October and is now in
charge of the Radiochemical
Laboratory. Mr. A.G. Brown, Graduate Scientist,
was transferr d from
S.C.L. Liverpool to Product Development,
Southampton, at the same time
as two Laboratory Assistants, Miss I. Bradley and
P. Powell.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-2-
Mrs. S.M. Thompson, our Central Filing Clerk,
resigned in December
and has been replaced by Mrs. M.W. Lee.
ENGINEERING SERVICES AND BUILDINGS
Laboratory Block Condensate cooling and heat
recovery system is now
in operation. Conversion of Laboratories 25. 26
and
27 completed.
Development Halls Conditioned room is under
construction (D.H.I.) via
outside Contractors (Perrot-Grenville).
Decoration of ceilings in D.H.1 and D.H.2 was
commenced. At the same time, all lamps are being
replaced on the ceilings of D.H.1 and D.H.2.
Product Development B-A.T. Benches, ex-Liverpool,
were refurbished and
Laboratory
installed in the new Laboratory Block.
PATENTS
New Applications Six new applications have been
filed and three are
under consideration. Six complete specifications
have been filed and four applications have been
abandoned.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


PATENTS GRANTED
Application No. Title
39536/60 (RD 10) Molecular Sieve
29705/66 (RD 63) Autoanalyser
25988/67 (RD 70) Cigarlet Assembler
48233/67 (RD 75) Shredded Foam Filter
8220/68 (RD 80) Print Register
18560/68 (RD 81) Filter Capsules 'F'
23379/68 (RD 83) Cigarette Paper 'I'
56325/68 (RD 89) Filter 'S.P.'
58831/68 (RD 90) Filter 'F.R.'
15318/69 ( RD 94) Ice Balls
10914/70 (RD 99) Filler NCF
18757/70 (RD 100) Catalyst 'I'
18758/70 (RD 101) Catalyst 'II'
35785/70 (RD 105) High Efficiency Filter
OFFICIAL ACTIONS
Title Country
Second Air Drier (RD 18) Germany
Tobacco Additive (Freeze Dried) Germany
(RD 33)
Flavour Improver 'MA' (RD 38) Germany
Shim Comb (RD 46) Finland
Granular Rods 'I. S.' CRD 51) Finland
Germany
Holland
Country
New Zealand
Italy
Switzerland
Malta
India
U.K., U.S.A.
Venezuela
U.K.
Venezuela
U.K., Venezuela
France
Belgium, Rhodes
Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
Response
Abandoned
To be defended
To be defended
To be defended
To be defended
Proceeding to grant
Examination requeste.
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- BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Colmbia
11 Novernber 1999


-4-
Title Country Response
Filter Additive (ZN) (RD 61) Germany To be
defended
Calibrated Garniture (RD 64) Germany To be
defended
Norway To be defended
Filter Additive (PEI/Zn) (RD 6B) Australia
Examination requested
Denmark Dealt with by Patent Agent
Germany To be defended
Cigarlet Assembler (RD 70) Australia Examination
requested
Germany To be defended
Filter Additive (M.M.) (RD 72) Australia
Examination requested
Print Register (RD 80) Canada To be defended
Filter Capsules 'F' (RD 81) Germany To be defended
Mexico To be defended
Wet Filter (RD 82) U.K. Application divided
Canada, U.S.A. To be defended
Cigarette Paper 'I' (RD 83) U.S.A. To be defended
Filter (SP) (RD 89) Germany, U.K. To be defended
Filter (FR) (RD 90) Canada, Germany To be defended
Crystalline Filter (RD 91) U.S.A. To be defended
Ice Balls (RD 94) Sweden, U.K., To be defended
U.S.A.
Filter (M.O.) (RD 95) Germany, U.S.A. Abandoned
Switzerland Dealt with by Patent Agent
Smoking Composition (RD 96) Switzerland, To be
defended
Canada
Paper C.A. Filter (RD 97) U.K. To be defended
Tobacco Filler NCF (RD 99) Holland, Sweden, To be
defended
U.K.
Catalyst 'III (RD 101)
Switzerland
To be defended C=)
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


REPORTS
During the quarter the following reports were
issued.
RD REPORTS
Title Report No.
The Effect of Aqueous Tobacco Extract Level on the
Smoke
Deliveries of PRT RD.827-R
The Chemical Composition of Smoke Fractions
RD.829-R
The Moisture Content of Cases of Tobacco Imported
into the
U.K. - A Survey RD.831-R
Molins Hot Melt Sealing System - Trial on Molins
PM5/1,amprecht
Tow Opening Unit RD.833-F
Cigarette Parameters: The Effect of Altering the
Circumference RD.834-R
The Effect on Firmness of Combining the CON and
WTS Processes RD.835-R
Further Examination of the VANTAGE Cigarette and
SCS Filter RD.836-R
The Effect of Changed Deliveries at Constant
Pressure Drop
on Human Smoking Pattern RD.837-R
The Smoke Character of a Modified Flue-cured KSFT
Cigarette
Containing 25% Reconstituted Tobacco. RD.838-R
Relative Contributions of Nicotine and Carbon
Monoxide to
Human Physiological Response RD.839-R
Application of the B. & W. Automated Method for
Nicotine
Alkaloids in Cigarette Smoke RD.840-R
Examination of KITO Cigarettes RD.841-R
Examination of the Volatiles in Carbon from ASTOR
Cigarettes RD.842-R
The Microbiological Examination of Wintermans'
Cigars RD.843-R
BATEX Process Evaluation - New Zealand (Petone)
RD.844-R
The Influence of Vapour Pressure and Polarity on
the
Formation of TPM RD.845-R
The Moisture Content of Cases of Lamina at Entry
to the U.K.
U.S. 1970 Crop RD.846-R
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-6-
Title
The Moisture Distribution within Cases of Stem at
Entry to the
U.K. - U.S. 1970 Crop Dried Experimentally in the
G.F.P. -
Report No.
2 nd Report RD.847-R
B-A.T. Continuous Moisture Meter Mark 2 RD.849-F
The Moisture Content of Cases of Stem at Entry to
the U.K.
U.S. 1970 Crop RD.850-R
Histological Examination of the Effects of Smoke
and Other
Materials on the Chorioallantoic Membrane RD.851-R
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-7-
LABORATORY REPORTS
Title Report No.
Evaluation of Filter Rods from Mexico L.383-R
The Effect of Tobacco Smoke on Mitochondrial
Activity L.384-R
The Determination of Water Solubles in PRT
Manufacture L.385-R
Paper Reconstituted Tobaccos - Laboratory Test
Results (1) L.386-R
Photodynamic Activity of Smoke - Part I:
Instrument for
Measuring Movement of Ciliates L.387-R
The Determination of Water, Steam Volatile Phenols
and
Nicotine Alkaloids on the Same Sample of
Condensate L.388-R
The Transfer of Plasticiser from Cellulose Acetate
to
Activated Carbon - Further Studies L.389-R
Auger Sampling of Lamina L.390-F
Evaluation of the Perry/Mach Filter L.392-R
Factors Affecting the Re-formation of Smoke
Aerosol L.393-R
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


ENGINEERING REPORTS
Title
Examination of the Molins Modic Type Weight
Control for a
Cigarette Making Machine - lst Report
An Improved Low Speed Mouthpiece Cigarlet
Assembler
Cut Length of Filter Rods Measured on Molins PM5
Sankyo Impulse Mass Flow Meter Type ILH-37
REPORTS SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR ISSUE TO OUTSIDE
ORGANISATIONS
AR REPORTS
Title
The Determination of Water-Solubles in PRT
Manufacture
M REPORTS
Title
Molins Hot Melt Sealing System Trial on Molins PM5
Examination of the Molins MODIC Type Weight
Control for a
Cigarette Making Machine - 1st Report
Cut Length of Filter Rods Measured on Molins PM5
Report No.
E.165-F
E.166-F
E.167-F
E.168-F
Report No.
L.385-AR
Report No.
RD.833-M
E.165-M
E.167-M
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-9-
APPENDIX I
PERSONNEL
AMENDMENT TO JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1971, RETURN
Staff 30.6.71 30.9.71
Staff employed 221 230
Resignations pending 3 3
Retirements pending 1 2
217 225
Transfers pending - 3
217 228
Recruited but not yet employed 7 4
224 232
Additions (13)
Dr. R.R. Baker Research Scientist
Dr. R.A. Crellin Research Scientist
Dr. L.V. Wilton Research Scientist
J.R. Ansell Laboratory Assistant I
Miss G.A. Baker Laboratory Assistant II
Miss S. Behan Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. J.A. Garmston Laboratory Assistant II
Miss A. Roe Laboratory Assistant II
Miss S. Roper Laboratory Assistant II
Miss A. Wood Canteen Manageress
Mrs. G.C. Evans Secretary
Miss J. Thornton Office Junior
G.B. Murfitt Laboratory Storeman
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-10-
Transfers (4)
D.R. Davies Manager, Product Development
F. Dashley Chemist
C. Brown Laboratory Assistant II
Miss C. Dawson Laboratory Assistant II
Deletions (8)
Miss V.C. Myer Research Scientist
A.J.B. Halls Laboratory Assistant I
J.C. Bone Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. C.T. Mitchell Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. G. Gough Canteen Manageress
I. Taylor Chef
Mrs. M. Goodwin Accounts Clerk
K. Quigley Laboratory Storeman
Resignations Pending (3)
P.A. Curson Research Scientist
Miss L. McGillivray Statistician
D. Leyland Laboratory Assistant I
Transfers Pending (3)
G. Brown Research Scientist
Miss I. Bradley Laboratory Assistant II
P. Powell Laboratory Assistant II
Staff Recruited but not yet employed (4)
S.R. Massey Research Scientist
R.J. Tonkin Laboratory Assistant I
Miss J. Kirby Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. L. Martin Head Cook
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-11-
Retirements Pending (2)
H. Curtis N.S.S. Sheet Metal Worker
L. Groves N.S.S. Mechanic
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-12-
APPENDIX II
PERSONNEL
Staff 30.9.71 31.12.71
Staff employed 230 238
Resignations pending 3 5
Retirements pending 2 6
225 227
Transfers pending 3 6
228 233
Recruited but not yet employed 4 2
232 235
Additions (10)
S.R. Massey Research Scientist
T. Hirji Statistician
R.J. Tonkin Laboratory Assistant I
Miss J. Kirby Laboratory Assistant II
Miss S. Harris Laboratory Assistant II
Miss C.A. Addis Laboratory Assistant III
Mrs. M.J.C. Seaman Laboratory Assistant III
R.F. Wixon Security Officer
Mrs. L. Martin Head Cook
Mrs. M.W. Lee Filing Clerk
Transfers (3)
A.G. Brown Research Scientist
P. Powell Laboratory Assistant II
Miss I. Bradley Laboratory Assistant Il
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Deletions (5)
P.A. Curson Research Scientist
Miss L. McGillivray Statistician
D. Leyland Laboratory Assistant I
L. Groves N.S.S. Mechanic
Mrs. S.M. Thompson Filing Clerk
Resignations Pending (5)
C. Brown Laboratory Assistant Il
Mrs. J.A. Garmston Laboratory Assistant Il
Miss K.M. Smith Laboratory Assistant II
P.E. Dollamore Security Officer
Mrs. J.L. Winstanley Typist
Retirements Pending (6)
Miss D. Hood Supervisor
Mrs. M.E. Ford Laboratory Assistant III
Mrs. G.C.E. Hurding Laboratory Assistant III
E.S. Wright N.S.S. Machine Mechanic
H. Curtis N.S.S. Sheet Metal Worker
C.G. Mourne Chief Security Officer
Transfers Pending (from Payroll) (6)
Mrs. P. Stackhouse Cook
Mrs. H. Walker Cook
P. Biddlecombe N.S.S. Fitter
R. Grout N.S.S. Machine Mechanic
J. Simpson N.S.S. Fitter
N. Wheadon N.S.S. Machine Mechanic
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-14-
Recruited but not yet employed (2)
Mrs. E.J. Mills Laboratory Assistant III
P.J. Russell Laboratory Assistant II
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-15-
VISITORS
Over the three months a total of 101 visitors,
including 65 from
associated companies, came to the Establishment. A
detailed list is
given below.
Ahern, R. Molins Ltd.
Anand, A. Asst. Production Manager, India
Billinghurst, Dr. P. I.C.I.
Brewis, E. Branch Manager, Chittagong, Pakistan
Brock, T. Yardley of London, Ltd.
Bowra, C.G. Production Department, Millbank
Brown, F. Prod. Manager, W.D. & H.O. Wills,
Australia
Bruce-Miller, F.H. Trainee Leaf Assistant,
Millbank
Burin, Dr. I.D. Cia de Cigarros, Souza Cruz,
Brazil
Burroughs, A.E. Wiggins Teape
Burt, M.A.S. Molins Ltd.
Butters, D. Wiggins Teape Overseas Ltd.
Capps, C. Wiggins Teape
Clemence, E.H. Production Manager, Brazil
Cockerall, F. Making F'man, U.T. Co., South Africa
Collins, C. Indonesia
Collins, L.E. Accounting Department, Millbank
Condie, R.J. Cia de Cigarros, Souza Cruz, Brazil
Cordy, J.C. Asst. Prod. Director, India
Crawshaw, M. Production Department, Millbank
Davies, K.W. Product Trainee, Millbank
Denton, G. Millbank, Accounting Department
Ditchfield, T.A. Technical Projects Department,
Millbank
Un
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-16-
Dolman, W. Molins Ltd.
Dowding, J.G. Molins Ltd.
Drackley, S.D. Ferranti Ltd.
Ellis, Sir Charles Consultant
Farrar, A.H. Technical Projects Department,
Millbank
Fosdal, R. Technical Indexes Ltd.
Gannaway, P.H. R. & D.D. , Millbank
Gibbs, R.M. I.T.P., Canada
Gibson, Miss P.L. Wiggins Teape
Gilder, P.J. Wiggins Teape
Guttfield, F.A. Wiggins Teape
Hall, J.B. Production Manager, India
Hebron, R. S.C.L.v Liverpool
Henderson, Dr. B.T. D.A.I. (London)
Hill, M. British Ropes Ltd.
Hoath, W.P. Wiggins Teape
Huck, Dr. N. I.C.I.
Hughes, Dr. I.W. B. & W., Louisville, U.S.A.
Hughes, D.E. Engineering Department, Millbank
Isaac Mardon Flexible Packing Ltd.
Jagannathan, C.R. I.T. Co., India
James, R.H. S.C.L., Liverpool
Janssens, F.V. Odon Warland, Belgium
Jenkins, D. B.A.T., Finland
Jennings, M.A. Production Trainee, Southampton
Branch
Kenny, R.E. Production Asst., B. & W., Louis
ville, U.S.A
Kidd, T.W. Marketing Manager, Jamaica
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Kisiel, Dr. A. D.A.I. (London)
Kleitman, N.B. Director, Technocomplect, Bulgaria
Lee, R. Mech. Engr., W.D. & H.O. Wills, Australia
Leong, W. Shean Wee Production Asst., Malaya
Leslie, A. Cia de Cigarros, Souza Cruz, Brazil
Littlemore, K. British Ropes Ltd.
Lloyd, D.M. Ferranti Ltd.
Lodi, C. Engineer, Venezuela
Low, A.: Production Department, Millbank
Macadam, P. Director, Millbank
Mach, Dr. W. Germany
McCormick, A.D. Director, Millbank
Menzies, D.C. I.T.P., Canada
Milev, R. Tech; Mgr., Technocomplect, Bulgaria
Monev, S. Dpty. Dir., Technocomplect, Bulgaria
Mulvaney, P.E. I.E.D., Millbank
Noble, M. C.G.C., Cheltenham
Norman, K.E. Tax Department, Millbank
Ostergaard, J. B.A.T., Denmark
Partridge, I.A. Production Trainee, Millbank
Pearce-Wingate, G.A.S. F/Manager, Jo'burg, South
Africa
Peel, G.J. I.E.D., Millbank
Pendry, C. Mkt. Research Dept., Millbank
Pennylowe, B. Players, Nottingham
Philipov Interpreter, Bulgarian Embassy
Powell, G.F.W. Molins Ltd.
Preston, E.G. Molins Ltd.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-18-
Prout, K. Prod. Dev. Supv., W.D. & H.O. Wills,
Australia
PlAri Mardon Flexible Packing Ltd.
Raman, V. Branch Manager, Bombay, India
Rance, Dr. H.F. Wiggins Teape
RZLO, Dr. N.S. Indian Leaf Tob. Dev. Co. Ltd.,
Rajahmundry
Richardson, R. B.A.T., Switzerland
Rickark, A.C. Wiggins Teape
Roker, Miss Youth Employment Office
Rothwell, M. Ferranti Ltd.
Staikov, S. Tech. Dept., Bulgartabak, Bulgaria
Schear, H. B.A.T., Switzerland
Seehofer, Dr. F. B.A.T., Hamburg, Germany
Smith, J.W.E. Players, Nottingham
Sturgess, K.S. Mardon Flexible Packing Ltd.
Taylor, R.H.L. Trainee Leaf Asst., Millbank
Turley, Dr. R.V. Southampton University
Tzonev, I. Prod. Dir., Bulgartabak, Bulgaria
Vaughan, J. Senior Factory Engineer, Nigeria
Walmisley, R. St. C. Leaf Department, Millbank
Wallace, E. Ogdens, Liverpool
Wilkinson, P. Southampton University
Williams, R. Holins Ltd.
Wiltshire, R. Engineering Assistant, Trinidad
Whewell, T. C.G.C., Cheltenham
C7*1
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999