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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


QUARTERLY REPORT
JANUARY - MARCH, 1971
20.4.1971.
COMPILED BY: D.J. Wood
ISSUED BY: F. Haslam
DISTRIBUTION:
Dr. S.J. Green
Dr. I.W. Hughes
Dr. R.A. Sanford
R.S. Wade, Esq.
Manager, R. & D.D. Australia
Herr H. Sottorf
D.R. Davies, Esq.
J.E. Sismey, Esq.
S.K. Keshava, Esq.
J.G. 1~argan, Esq.
Dr. D.G. Felton
R. & D.E. Library
R. & D.E. File No. _38A
Copy No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
6
7, 8
9, 10, 11
12, 1,3
14, 15
16
17
18
19, 20, 21
22
2,3, 24
25
COPY'NO:
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


CONTPLACr RESEARCH
JANUARY - MARCH, 1971
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 1000 CONTRACT RESEARCH - LAJ30RATORIES
1100 Tobacco Studies
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (1) Analysis of T.R.C. Samples
No samples have been received this quarter.
1200 Smoke Studies
(R.E. Thornton) (1) Analysis of T.R.C. Samples
No samples have been received for analysis this
quarter.
(111iss C.W. Ayers) Unprogrammed
Analysis of Guatemalan Cigarettes
At the request of the AGP, tests are being carried
out to see whether the addition of ammonium
chloride
to dark air-cured tobacco increases the level of
free
hydrogen chloride in cigarette smoke.
1300 Filter Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (1) Specification of Filters for
Holland - Second
Stage
There have been no further developments on this
project
during the quarter.
(J.G. Underwood) (4) Evaluation of "Benzo-X"
(T.R.C.)
A report has been issued for T.R.C. It was
concluded
that this filter did not reduce the concentration
of
benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke. This was in
contrast
to the claims of the manufacturer.
1500 Design of Cigarette
(R.E. Thornton) (3) Cigarette Design Handbook
Information is being collected for the second
edition
of this handbook.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(Miss C.W. Ayers) (4) Development Towards a
Non-Spotting SEFK Cigarette
Two reports have been issued. On describes the
examination of two B-A.T. brands (State Express
Filter
Kings and Benson & Hedges Special Filter) and one
competition brand (Rothman King Size) samples of
which
were purchased on the Dubai market. The other
report
deals with the results of experiments carried out
to
check the variations likely to be found for
nicotine,
sugars and petroleum ether extractables (PETEX)
contents of different samples taken (a) from one
case, (b) from several cases but one crop year and
(c) from different crop years. It was concluded
that
different crop years produced the greatest
variation
and that variation within a case was at least as
great
as between cases. Further work is in progress.
16 oo Evaluation of Commercial Cigarettes
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (1) Analysis of Plastic Tips on
Cigars ex. S. Africa
Tests are being carried out to see whether the
plastic
tips on four samples of cigars made by the General
Cigar Co. Inc., N.Y., and on sale in South Africa
contain sodium saccharin or other sweetening
agents.
This work is to assist investigations concerning
possible infringement of B-A.T. patents.
PROJECT 6ooo CONTRACT RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT
6 loo Leaf Plant
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Moisture Content of Lamina and
Stem in Cases
The measurement of the moisture variation within
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


between cases of lamina and stem at import to the
U.K.
has continued. Two reports have been issued - both
on the Canadian crop.
A brief visit was made to E.L.T., Richmond, and
Wilson,
and moisture problems were discussed.
6200 Primary Manufacture
(R.W. Hedge) (1) Spotting - Effect of Process
Variables
(A.W. Cronshaw) The experiments to measure the
effect of process
conditions on the spotting of individual grades
has
continued. Following the early experiments, the
number
of variables has been reduced.
It was felt that there was a need for an objective
method
for the measurement of the spotting of cigarettes.
Following discussion with the SIRA Institute, a
contract
was placed with them for an appraisal of a
suitable
method. SIRA have satisfactorily completed this
work
and have put forward a proposal for the
manufacture
of a suitable instrument.
6220 Continuous Moisture Meters
(A.E. Yallup) (1) Construction of Continuous
Moisture Meters
(F.W. Bellchambers) The redesign of the amplifier
and measuring head circuits
has been completed. Orders have been received for
five
meters and enquiries made for a further seven
meters and
nineteen measuring heads, complete with interface
equipment.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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64 oo Filter Manufacture
(J.A. Luke) (1) Modification of PTC for German
Filters
The report to record the work carried out in R. &
D.E.
on this project has been delayed by projects
441o/18
and 4550/1.
66 oo Waste Utilisation
(P.J. Nicholl) (14) Survey of W.T.U. in Europe
A report has been issued which reviews the present
usage of paper reconstituted tobacco in Europe and
examines likely future trends. It was recommended
that
the present policy of purchasing material from Le
Tabac
Reconstitue be reviewed.
(D.J. Molyneux) (17) BATEX Process Evaluation -
Guyana
This evaluation still awaits receipt of waste
materials.
(R.W. Hedge) (20) Design and Costing of a Paper
Making Process
for Tobacco Reconstitution
(D.J. Molyneux)
A report has been issued covering the design and
(J.B. Preston)
costing of an 8 million kg,/year FRT plant. The
capital
cost was estimated at a maxim= of Z5_3 million,
installed in 197,3 (U.K. costs) and the FRT
conversion
cost, 20.5 p/kg.
(D.J. Molyneux) (21) Recosting of the PCL Process
(J.B. Preston) The recosting of the PCL process
for various capacities
up to twelve casting machines (approximately 7.8
million
kg/year) continues.
(P.J. Nicholl) (22) W.T.U. New Zealand -
Re-Examination o:C Waste
Tobacco
A report has been issued which recommends that
ON
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


W.D. & H.O. Wills (New Zealand) Ltd. proceed with
the
purchase and installation of a combined EATEX and
T.S.U.
plant. This will produce 80,000 lb/year of BATEX
and
28,000 lb/year of T.S.U.
Production Department, Millbank has been given
information to enable an approach to be made to
Rothmans (New Zealand) with proposals for Wills to
manufacture BATEX for the whole domestic tobacco
industry.
(D.J. Molyneux) (2,3) BATEX - Installation and
Operation Manual
This manual, which is at present being drafted, is
intended to supplement the Design and Construction
Manual and enable those territories which adopt
BATEX to get into production with the minimum of
outside assistance.
6700 General
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Quality and Process Control
Investigation
Dependent on B-A.T. (Nederland)
Further work on this project is still delayed at
the
request of B-A.T. (Nederland).
(J.K. Milner) (2) LOS ANCELES Assembler
Development
With the fitting of an automatic mouthpiece feed
system to the machinery developed at the request
of
Brand and Product Development Department, work on
this
project has been completed. Plastic mouthpieces
resembling pipe stems can be attached to tobacco
rods
containing pipe tobacco at speeds from 50 to 120
units
per minute.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


RESEARCH AND DEVEIA)PIMIT
JANUARY - MARCH, 1971
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 2000 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH STUDIES
2100 Tobacco
(J.D. Backhurst) (12) ImDrovements in Technique
for Detecting Volatile
Additives
A report has been issued. The continuous sweep
method has been studied further together with the
technique of sweep co -distillation. No single
method
is considered to be suitable for studying the
whole
range of tobacco flavour additives.
(j.G. Underwood) (15) The Radiochemical Analysis
of Phosphine Residues
in Fumigated Tobaccos
Using radioactive phosphine it has been shown that
the level of residual phosphorus compounds was
less than
5 PPm in the tobacco after fumigation. The value
is
dependent on tobacco type being lower for Burley
than
for flue-cured tobacco at a given moisture
content;
and is increased by a rise in the moisture content
of
a given tobacco. This residual phosphorus is not
transferred into mainstream smoke, being retained
entirely in the ash. No evidence was obtained for
the presence of any phosphorus compounds not
normally
present in tobacco or ash. A report has been
issued.
(A.R. Cousins) (16) Development of Method for
Determination of Cocoa
The aim is to develop a method for the detection
and
rough quantitative estimation of cocoa added to
competition blends. Initial exploratory studies
have
concentrated on thin layer chromatography methods
for
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


estimation of theobromine, a characteristic
compound
present in cocoa.
2200 Smoke
(J.G. Underwood) (28) Further Studies on
"Extractable Nicotine"
Owing to a delay in the supply of corrections for
the "Haltafall" computer program, no progress has
been made this quarter on its adaptation to the
acid-
base equilibrium in smoke.
(H.F. Dymond) (_31) Development of GLC for High
Boiling Fraction
The development of the GLC procedure for high
boiling
compounds has continued. The choice of suitable
column materials is vast and increasing
continually.
Four stationary phases have been chosen and two of
these have been selected for further study. A
suitable
internal standard has been selected. Work is
currently
in hand to select the most convenient method for
smoke
collection.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (_32) Feasibility Study of Mass
Spectrometer Gas Probe
Tests have shown that the residence time of
samples
occurring in the four way valve of the mass
spectrometer
(MS.2) is too great to permit real-time study of
the
burning coal of a cigarette. Discussion with other
users of the MS.2 has led to suggestions involving
direct entry to the ion source. Some delay will be
involved while additional modifications are made
to
the inlet system.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(H.F. Dymond) (33) Evaluation of the Urbanic and
Sutt No Method
The method for the determination of nitric oxide
in
cigarette smoke, proposed by Urbanic and Sutt, is
being evaluated thoroughly. The carbon used in the
method has been evaluated for its efficiency in
removing
organic compounds, and for its effect on nitric
oxide.
The possibility of absorption has been studied.
Carbons
other than the specially developed Pittsburgh
activated
carbon have been examined. The carbon used by
IMASCO
has been studied for absorption of nitric oxide.
The
method of calculation has been critically examined
and
some minor alterations are proposed. The method
has
been applied to various cigarette types and
cigars.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (34) Evaluation of B. & W.
Automated Method for
Nicotine Alkaloids
B. & W. have developed an automated cyanogen
bromide
method for the determination of nicotine alkaloids
which can be used for both tobacco and smoke
analyses.
Tftis method should be simpler to operate than the
method at present in use at R. & D.E. It is
proposed
to evaluate the B. & W. method with reference to
cigarettes normally used at R. & D.E.
Delivery of the additional items of equipment
needed
to set up the B. & W. method was delayed by the
postal
strike. These items have now been received, and
the
equipment is being assembled and checked.
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November 1999


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2400 Development of Equipment
(F.A. Curson) (1) Computer Program to Reformat
Data from
Westinghouse Data-LDRger
The program to reformat the data has been
completed
and work is now being undertaken to provide
programs
for the first stage of analysis.
2600 Statistical Methodolog-v
(E.B. Wilkes) (1) Survey of Methods of
Multivariate Analysis
Delayed due to pressure of work on (2).
(E.B. Wilkes) (2) Analysis of JANUS Results -
Experiment BO
Based on the Systems Definition prepared by C.S.P.
Ltd.,
programs are now being written and will be run on
the
Burroughs _3500 at Millbank.
(R.B. Dagnall) (4) Application of Cluster Analysis
The report on this project has been further
delayed.
(R.B. Dagnall) (5) Systematising Programs to
Monitor the Results
of JANUS Experiments
(J.M. Davey)
The systems definition has been completed. The
programming is complete. Program testing and
documentation will soon commence.
(Miss L. McGillivray) (7) Investigation of
Statistical Techniques Relevant to
the Design and Analysis of Smoke Panel Experiments
Preliminary work has commenced on a literature
survey
of techniques for analysing data arising from
subjective
testing.
(E.B. Wilkes) Unprogrammed
A survey of JANUS experiments BO to B6 has been
carried
out to consider the high dose anomaly occurring at
Battelle, Frankfurt.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


PROJECT 3100 FACTORS AFFECTING SMOKE GENERATION
,3120 The Effects of Culture and Process
(J.G. Underwood) (1) The Analysis of Nitrosamines
in Cigarette Smoke
The level of volatile nitrosamines in the smoke
from
two varieties of Maryland tobacco, each grown
under
conditions of high and low field nitrogen and
supplied
by the U.S.D.A., has been determined by the GLC
method.
Smoke components with the same retention times as
the
standard nitrosamines have been submitted for mass
spectrometry. Work has commenced on cigarettes
made
from other tobacco types and from nitrate treated
tobacco.
314o The Effects of Cigarette and Smoking
Parameters
(H.F. Dymond) (2) Reduction of Carbon Monoxide
from Cigarettes
The scheduled report has been delayed. This study
originated from an earlier observation that the
additives
used in cigarette paper manufacture might affect
the
concentration of carbon monoxide in the smoke. The
study of cigarette paper porosity and additives
was
extended to include TPM, nicotine, phenols and
total
volatile aldehydes.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (3) Project WOLVERHAMPTON: Novel
Cigarette Papers
This is a joint project with Wiggins Teape, with
the
objective of producing novel ventilated cigarette
papers. Preliminary assessment of the feasibility
of comparing hand-made cigarettes with machine
produced
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


controls has been successfully completed. Work is
now continuing with the examination of hand-sheets
loaded with various polymeric materials.
316o The Effects of Transfer and Pyrolysis
Processes
(R.B. Dagnall) (,3) A Study of Axial and Radial
Diffusion Processes
in Material Transport
Further work is delayed pending completion of
items
under Project 2600.
(J.G. Underwood) (4) The Fate of Nicotine in a
Burning Cigarette
Initial studies on the mass balance of
nicotirxe-2'-cl4,
using an improved method for the collection of
sidestream
particulate phase, have been reported. Other
materials
investigated during the development of this method
included glycerol, anthracene, benzo[ajpyrene,,
sodium
butyrate, L-proline, asparagine, glucose and
extracted
tobacco. The results indicate that some losses of
volatile materials occurred and the method is
being
modified to use a gas-flow proportional counter,
the
evaluation of which is now complete.
(J.G. Underwood) (5) The Optimisation of the
Transfer of Nicotine
This project has been reported along with 3164.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (7) The Influence of Polarity
and Vapour Pressure
on TPM Formation
The results obtained to date on the influence of
polarity and vapour pressure on TPM are being
evaluated.
(J.G. Underwood) (8) Maleic Anhydride in Smoke
The transfer of maleic anhydride-2,3-Cl4 from
impregnated cigarette paper into mainstream smoke
has
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


been shown to be 0.32%. Hence, the maximum daily
intake of maleic anhydride recommended by
B.I.B.R.A.
(100 gg) is unlikely to be exceeded by the use of
Malaucene "Aquafuge" cigarette paper. The direct
analysis of maleic anhydride in smoke condensate
by an isotope dilution method was not possible due
to the rapid degradation of the anhydride in this
system. A report has been issued.
PROJECT 3200 THE PROPER= OF THE SMOKE AEROSOL
3200 Factors Affecting Aerosol Growth
(R.B. Richardson) (1) Factors Affecting the
Re-formation of Cigarette
Smoke Aerosol
Preliminar7 experiments with a more developed
experimental-
apparatus suggest that the smoke concentration and
rate
of cooling are important factors in the
re-formation
process. As a step towards placing these
observations
on a quantitative basis, a special purpose aerosol
photometer has been constructed in order to
determine
more exactly the temperature at which the aerosol
re-forms.
3210 Characterisation of the Aerosol
(R.B. Richardson) (1) Particle Size -
Investigation of Cigarette
Smoke - Further Work
A report has been issued covering the topics of
biological testing of particle size fractions, and
the apparent selective filtration of small
particles
by a vapour-particulate interaction mechanism.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(R.B. Richardson) (2) Particle Size - Influence of
Cigarette Diameter
and Puff Velocity
Measurements of the smoke particle size have
continued
using cigarettes of several diameters, and
covering a
range of puff velocities which include the very
low
velocity used in Camver studies.
3220 Deposition of the Aerosol
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (4) Camver Test: The Influence
of Volatile Substances
in Smoke
Work has continued on the Camver test to determine
the effect of adding hydrocarbons, alcohols and
ketones
to the cigarettes.
3230 Physical Properties of Deposited Aerosol
(R.B. Richardson) (2) Qualitative Examination of
Smoke Particles by
Electron Microscopy
Several arrangements for improving the sampling of
the aerosol by electrostatic precipitation have
been
tried, but none has proved entirely satisfactory.
3240 Study of Foreign Bodies in Cigarette Smoke
Aerosol
(R.B. Richardson) (1) Investigation of Bronze
Particles
This is a new project intended to assess whether
the
bronze particles used in cigarette printing may be
inhaled or ingested by the smoker. Several brands
of cigarette are being examined to determine the
numbers and locations of free bronze particles.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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PROJECT 3300 SMOKE QUALITY
,3320 Establishment of Objective Techniques for
Assessing
Smoke Quality
(D.E. Creighton) (6) Relative Contribution of
Nicotine and Carbon
Monoxide to Human Physiological Response
(Miss L. McGillivray)
The data has been processed by computer and the
results
are being evaluated.
(D.E. Creighton) (7) Testing an Objective
Technique for Assessing
Smoke Irritation
A report has been issued. It is shown that, for
four
cigarettes which differ widely in subjective
irritation
but which are all low in impact, the weight of
saliva
produced during smoking correlates with the
subjective
irritation provided that sufficient observations
of
salivary flow are made.
(D.E. Creighton) (8) The Effect of Depth of
Inhalation on Human
Physiological Response
Due to changes in the physiological monitoring
laboratory it was not possible to complete the
monitoring under the original conditions. An
examination of the existing data is under way.
.3-300 The Relationship Between Smoke Composition
and
Smoke Quality
(D.J. Wood) (11) Response to Known or Suspected
Irritants
(J.D. Backhurst) A report has been issued. It
appears likely that
(J.R. Courtney) acrolein, acetaldehyde, formic
acid and possibly
crotonaldehyde contribute to the subjective
irritation
of cigarette smoke, though individually their,
contributions are small. It is now planned to
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


_10-
look for possible additive or synergistic effects
by examining the response to mixtures of the above
substances.
(D.J. Wood) (13) Standards for Impact - Special
Blends
(J.D. Backhurst) Analysis of samples for average
deliveries of total and
extractable nicotine, and of individual cigarettes
for
uniformity based on blend nicotine content, is
complete.
The results are being evaluated statistically.
(J.D. Backhurst) (14) Investigations of
Ameliorants Phase 2a
(A.R. Cousins) The experimental work on cigarettes
made from the
MONARCH blend is complete and the results have
been
evaluated.
,3-340 Cigarette Design and Smoke Quali-~y
(A.R. Cousins) (1) Amelioration Studies with
Reconstituted Tobacco
(J.D. Backhurst) This study, which represents the
first phase in a
(R. Comber) development aimed at designing a
cigarette of lower
biological activity with acceptable smoke quality,
has concentrated on reducing the smoke irritation
from blends containing approximately 50%
reconstituted
tobacco. The effect on biological activity in the
Paramecium and CAM systems has been tested for the
ameliorant and filters which were successful in
reducing irritation.
(C.R. Jenkins) (2) Non-Volatile Precursors of
Smoke Flavour - Phase 1
Preliminary examination of the fractionation
scheme for
tobacco extracts has led to modification of the
scheme.
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


The fractionated extracts produced using the
modified
techniques are being evaluated with the aid of a
WOODROSE panel. Synthetic studies employing simple
systems of amino-acids, sugars and polyphenols
have
been undertaken for a wide range of amino-acids,
in
combination with glucose or fructose and the
polyphenols
chlorogenic acid and rutin. The effects an smoke
sensory character of these mixtures have been
studied.
(A.R. Cousins) (3) Blends Containing a Large
Proportion of Reconstituted
Tobacco
This represents the second phase of project 3341
above.
Work has commenced on the design of a cigarette
having
Oriental character from a blend containing 50%
reconstituted tobacco, and using a filter with
high
efficiency for both particulate and vapour phases.
(D.J. Wood) (4) Ratio of Particulate to Vapour
Phase Filtration -
Effect on Smoke Taste
(J.D. Backhurst)
This investigation has been undertaken in order to
explore
the effect on smoke "taste" of filters
representing
various combinations of TPM retention and vapour
phase
retention. Experimental work is complete.
PROJECT 3400 SELECTIVE FILTRATION
3410 The Study of Filter Materials and New Filters
(H.G. Horsewell) (16) Filters with High Retention
Coefficients for
Particulate Matter
The work on filters with high retention
coefficients
based on the single pass filter has continue_a.
During this quarter attention has been given to
the
selection of the most effective filtering
materials.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


f Polyethylene Foam Filters From
(H.G. Horsewell) (18) Evaluation 0
Monsanto
(J.A. Luke)
Further samples of filters have been evaluated and
the results have been reported.
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (19) Effect of Filters on Middle
Boilers of Smoke
The experimental work on the effect of filters on
the
middle-boiling range of compounds in cigarette
smoke
has been completed. The scheduled report has been
delayed by project 1601.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (20) Three Foam Filter Patent
Applications, RD 108,
109 and 110
Results of practical work on these inventions are
awaited before deciding on completion.
(H.F. Dymond) (21) Examination of VANTAGE Filters
(C.T. Martin) VANTAGE filter tips have been
examined for the possible
presence of an additive(s). Some 30 compounds
(probably
mainly hydrocarbons) have been found in small
amounts
in addition to the triacetin plasticiser. The
major
peak, other than triacetin, was found to be 1,2-
propylene glycol. It has not been established
whether
this compound has been added deliberately or
whether
it has transferred from the tobacco section. A
report
has been issued.
(C.T. Martin) (22) Examination of Volatiles in
Carbon from ASTOR
Cigarettes
In order to determine whether or not the volatiles
present in the carbon from ASTOR cigarettps are
due
to compounds which have been deliberately added to
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November 1999


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November 1999


the carbon, a technique has been developed for
examining
the volatile compounds present on carbon. Work has
recently commenced applying this method to the
carbon
filter from ASTOR cigarettes.
(Mrs. M. Slade) (23) Evaluation of a New Filter
from Hong Kong
This work has been completed and a report has been
issued. The filter has a high filtration
efficiency
for Total Particulate Matter which may be
attributed
to the very high filter pressure drop. No further
interest has been taken in this filter as it
contains
glass fibres.
(H.G. Horsewell) (24) Examination of GALIANT and
SET CT Filters
(J.W. Phelpstead) Two cigarette brands named
GAIIANT and SET CT are
being examined to determine whether there are any
novel features in the construction of the filters.
3430 Filtration of Specific Compounds
(T.W. Tolman) (4) Filtration of Oxides of Nitrogen
- Further Work
No further work on this project will be carried
out
until sufficient progress has been made in the
area
of carbon monoxide filtration.
A programmed report specifying the reasons for
this
has suffered unavoidable delay.
(T.W. Tolman) (6) Filtration of Carbon Monoxide -
Further Work
The installation of the vacuum system which will
be
used for experimental work on this project has
been
completed. The study of the poisoning effects of
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-14-
water on manganese dioxide catalysts continues,
and,
although incomplete, this investigation has
provided
useful information with regard to the possible
ways
in which the problem of poisoning can be averted.
A programmed report covering this work (in
addition
to that concerned with the filtration of oxides of
nitrogen) has been unavoidably delayed.
(H.G. Horsewell) (8) Design of Gas/Vapour Phase
Filters - Further Work
Further information has been generated and
collected
for the design of gas/vapour phase filters.
(H.G. Horsewell) (9) The Filtration of
Formaldehyde
(Mrs. M. Slade) This work has been completed and a
report has been
issued. In general, paper and cellulose acetate
filters
have slightly higher filtration efficiencies for
formaldehyde than for Total Particulate Matter. It
has
been found that, of the filters evaluated, a paper
filter containing 10% polyethyleneimine and 70 mg
water is the most efficient for formaldehyde
removal.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (10) Patent Applications RD 100 and
101 - Catalysts
for CO
(T.W. Tolman)
The technical data which are required for filing
Complete Specifications have been collected.
_3440 The Mechanism of Filtration
(H.G. Horsewell) (1) Experimental Study of
Pressure Drop, Diameter,
Velocity on Granular and Fibrous Filters
(R.B. Dagnall)
Further attempts are being made to obtain glass or
metal balls of sufficient accuracy to construct
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


model filters. In the interim this item has been
deleted from the programme.
(Mrs. M. Slade) (2) The Effect of Ventilation on
Filter Performance
The effect on filter performance of perforations
in the
butt of a cigarette has been investigated for
cellulose
acetate and paper filters.
Work has also been undertaken to establish the
contribution of diffusion losses and dilution
effects
to the observed reductions in deliveries of carbon
monoxide and Total Particulate Matter.
FROJECT 3500 BIOIA)GICAI, STUDIES
3510 Bioassay Studies
(R. Comber) (18) Development of Test for
Photodynamic Activity
(Miss V.G. Myer) Work on the development of a
method for measuring the
photodynamic activity of smoke has continued. Both
the nitromethane fraction of smoke and the whole
particulate phase of smoke are being used.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (22) Interactions between Smoke
Components and Nucleic
Acid Models
(J.G. Underwood)
The equipment causing delays during the last
quarter
has now arrived and has undergone satisfactory
assessment. Preliminary experiments with aromatic
hydrocarbons have commenced.
(R. Comber) (23) Investigation of the Mechanism of
Thickening
in the Chorioallantoic Membrane
Dr. P. Grasso of B.I.B.R.A. has now examined the
sections of membranes prepared for this purpose,
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and has suggested some other materials whose
reaction
on the membrane may shed light on the thickening
mechanism.
(R. Comber) (24) Carcinogen-Induced Chromosome
Damage
Work on this project has continued. Nitromethane
fraction, "fraction 6" and the aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbon fraction have been tested for toxicity
and chromosome-damaging activity.
(Miss V.G. Myer) (25) Histamine Release in the CAM
Work carried out this quarter demonstrated that
histamine is released when smoke coagulate is
applied
to the chorioallantoic membrane of fertile hen's
eggs.
However practical difficulties suggest that it
will be
difficult to develop this test on a quantitative
basis.
(R. Comber) (26) Modified Method for the Assay of
Smoke Toxicity
to Tetrahymena
This work has been completed and a report has been
issued. One of the changes has been to use a
Borgwaldt RM 20/68 smoking engine; this has
resulted
in improved reliability and reproducibility.
(R. Comber) (27) Transformation of Cells in vitro
by Carcinogens
This project has been completed and a report has
been
issued. It was concluded that the culture system
tested could not be used as a carconogenesis
assay.
One of the difficulties was the occurrence of
"transformed" cells in untreated cultures.
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-3520 Physiological Studies
(S.R. Evelyn) (4) Retention of Smoke in the
Respiratory System
No further work has been undertaken during the
quarter.
(J.D. Backhurst) (5) Effect of Smoking Pattern on
Retention of Smoke
in the Respiratory System
(D.E. Creighton)
The retention of "fluorescent tar" and nicotine
has
been measured in three subjects, smoking a
flue-cured
cigarette at four predetermined breathing
patterns.
Analytical studies have been undertaken to compare
fresh smoke and exhaled smoke with respect to the
relation between "fluorescent tar" and the weight
of condensate.
(J.D. Backhurst) (6) Retention of Smoke from an
Air-cured Cigarette
in the Respiratory System
(D.E. Creighton)
The retention of "fluorescent tar" and nicotine
from
the smoke from an air-cured cigarette (Gauloise)
will
be studied in a manner similar to that used in
3520/5.
Initial experiments are in progress; only the
breathing
patterns which gave the highest and lowest
retentions
with the smoke from a flue-cured cigarette will be
used.
35-30 Microbiological Studies
(T.G. Mitchell) (7) Development of Methods for
Possible Transfer of
Micro-organisms to Smoke
No further work has been undertaken on this
project
in -this quarter.
(T.G. Mitchell) (11) Preliminary Evaluation of
Bacteriophage Induction
In order to establish the relevance of the
induction of
lysogenic bacteriophage to carcinogenicity,
studies
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-18-
are being made of the effect of benzo[ajpyrene on
lysogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Serratia
marcescens. A lysogenic strain of Pseudomonas has
also been obtained.
(T.G. Mitchell) (12) Identification of Pink
Pigmented Bacteria
The identity of these organisms, which are
prevalent
on some tobacco samples, has been established.
Further
tests have been made to investigate discrepancies
in
the results obtained compared with those published
for
some non-tobacco isolates of the same organism.
(T.G. Mitchell) (1,3) Microbiological Examination
of Tobacco Products
(P.C. Stauber) Laboratory tests on the
microbiological quality of
samples of chewing tobacco, snuff and cigars have
been
completed.
(T.G. Mitchell) (14) Summary of Methods for
Microbiological Examination
of Tobacco
Work on this has been delayed by the need to
prepare a
hygiene handbook for re-drying plants.
(T.G. Mitchell) (15) Effect of Re-drying on
Tobacco Microflora
Samples of U.S. flue-cured leaf have been received
from
E.L.T.C. which had been re-dried according to
their
normal practice and by the procedure used by
I.T.G.
These will be examined to assess whether the
different
re-drying treatments have an effect on the leaf
microflora.
(T.G. Mitchell) (16) Microbiological Examination
of Brazilian
Flue-cured Leaf
Four grades of Brazilian flue-cured leaf from two
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growing areas have been examined to assess their
microbiological quality. A report has been issued.
(T.G. Mitchell) (17) Handbook on Re-drying Plant
Operation (MicrobiolopT)
A handbook is being prepared describing the
principles
for controlling mould damage of leaf and the
hygienic
operation of leaf re-drying plants.
3540 Influence of Smoke Composition
(B.B. Chakraborty) (1) Analysis of JANUS Samples
and Condensate Solutions
(R.E. Thornton) The scheduled report has been
further delayed by another
re-evaluation of the biological data for the B
series
cigarettes.
(B.B. Chakraborty) (2) Characterisation of
Biologically Active Sub-
Fractions of Selected Condensates
(R.E. Thornton)
Condensates from three cigarettes have been
studied
and a report has been issued. In view of the
results
obtained with the nitromethane fraction of smoke
condensate no further work on this project is
planned.
(Mrs. S.E. Rayner) (3) The Nitromethane Fraction
of Smoke Condensate
A number of cigarettes have been evaluated using
the
Nitromethane Fractionation Scheme. The scheduled
report has been delayed. Development of a more
refined fractionation scheme, using Sephadex
columns
continues.
(W.G.D. Lugton) (4) Cigarette Parameters: Effect
of Altering the
Circumference
The chemical analysis of this series of cigarettes
has been completed. Hand-made conical cigarettes
have
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(Mrs. S.E. Rayner) (5) The Chemical Composition of
Smoke Fractions
(J.G. Underwood) Nicotine, benzo[a]pyrene, phenol
and hexadecane have
each been added to smoke condensate and the levels
of
these compounds present in the nitromethane
fraction
(Grimmer) have been determined by a radiochemical
method. Work on the addition of other compounds
both to condensates and to cigarettes continues.
-3550 Behavioural Studies
(D.E. Creighton) (1) Smoking Pattern: Effect of
Changed Delivery at
Constant Pressure Drop
This forms part of a new study with the aim of
investigating the extent to which changes in
various
cigarette design factors affect the pattern in
which
individual cigarettes are smoked. Observations are
being made on a panel of six regular smokers who
have
not been trained in the subjective evaluation of
smoke. The number of puffs taken, together with
the
puff spacing, puff volume, duration and profile
are
recorded by smoking cigarettes through a special
holder.
Inhaling characteristics are recorded by means of
an
impedance pneumograph. The first comparison is
between
two cigarettes of similar pressure drop which
differ in
their TPM and nicotine deliveries.
(A.W.G. Smeed) Unprogrammed
The production of some two million cigarettes for
the
JANUS project enabled the 50's Flat Packer end
Auto
Wrapper Verso Flow Overwrapper to be initially
evaluated
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November 1999


on a long term basis for the first time.
Preliminary
indications are encouraging although a variation
in
laminate thickness between first and second
deliveries
from the supplier caused some difficulties on the
Verso Flow Overwrapper. Specification called for
50 gauge Polyester/0.015 mm Foil/250 gauge
Polythene.
It has been ascertained that the polythene on the
second batch delivery was much thicker than called
for. The matter is being taken up with the
supplier.
PROJECT 4100 THE OPTIMISATION AND CONTROL OF
TOBACCO PROCESSING
4120 Stem Processing
CR.W. Hedge) (1) Enquiry into Stem Conditioning
Equipment
Performance
The report has been delayed until the next
quarter.
(R.W. Hedge) (3) Stem Processing and Smoke
Character
This work has been reported. Minimal effects on
smoke
character were found to result from changes in
stem
and CRS processing.
(A.R. Cousins) (4) Comparison of W.T.S. and
Freeze-Dried CRS
(R.W. Hedge) Particular emphasis will be placed on
taste and
flavour aspects in this study. Freeze-dried CRS
and control CRS have been provided by W.D. & H.O.
Wills
(Bristol) Ltd., and a portion of the latter has
been
treated by the W.T.S. process in R. & D.E.
41.30 Cut Tobacco
(A.W. Cronshaw) (7) Filling Power Changes During
Water Tre&tment
Cut Lamina
Delayed by shortage of staff.
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November 1999


(R.W. Hedge) (8) The Additivity of Filling Power
Improvement
Methods
Testing of the combined effects of the CON and
W.T.S.
treatments continues.
(A.R. Cousins) (10) Freeze-Drying - Effect of
Blendinpz
The report which has been issued gives details of
results which show that 10% freeze-dried tobacco
may
be incorporated into a blend without being
detected by
a WOODROSE panel. At this level it is impossible
to
demonstrate any decrease in chemical indices which
might
be linked to specific activity in long-term
biological
tests, although deliveries of some particulate
phase
compounds are reduced.
4140 Instrumentation in Plant
(A.E. Yallup) (1) Factory Trial of Near Infra-red
Temperature
Measurement
A total radiation pyrometer made by Siemens, the
Ardonox, suitable for use in the ambient
temperature
range has been obtained. This pyrometer has been
tested on part dried cut rolled stem ex dryer
during the
quarter. The tests have now been concluded. The
results show that the pyrometer is suitable for
use to
measure tobacco temperature in a factory under
continuous flow conditions.
(A.E. Yallup) (2) Evaluation of Sankyo Impulse
Mass Flow Meter
An impulse mass flow meter designed for use in
industrial
flow lines has been obtained. This meter which
works
on the principle of converting the horizontal
component
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November 1999


-2-3-
of force due to falling material to an electrical
signal has been tested in an experimental rig
during
the quarter. The unit under test at present, the
ILO-,37, is of marginal use on tobacco; however, a
unit working on the same principle but with a
different
mechanical layout, the IIH-,37, has been obtained.
This
unit overcomes one of the undesirable features of
the
IW-37 and is being installed ready for testing.
PROJECT 4200 THE OPTIMISATION AND CONTROL OF
CIGARETTE MANUFACTURE
4220 The Effect of the Machine
(A.W. Cronshaw) (17) Production Testing - Modified
R. & D.E. Nylon Band
The tests on the standard and the experimental
design
woven nylon suction bands (made by Machon) were
completed and a report was issued.
The tests on the Hauser Mark 4 bands were started.
However, the majority of the bands were found to
be
too short; about half the bands were returned to
the
manufacturer.
42,30 Efficiency Improvement
(R.G. Br7ant) (1) Electronic Control Unit for
Vokes Pneumatic Feed
The electronic control has been further developed
to
allow for the inclusion of a Hauni Garant 4 making
machine in the pneumatic tobacco feed system.
Three
machines with widely differing tobacco
distribution
requirements (1 Molins Mark 8, 1 Molins Mark 9 and
1
Hauni Garant 4) will be supplied with tobacco via
the
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November 1999


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-24-
electronic control of the Vokes feeder. A report
has
been issued.
4240 Instrumentation and Machine
(R.G. Bryant) (9) Commissioning of Input Alarm
Channels for
Data-Logger
A Mark 8 making machine Is now fully equipped with
15
alarm detection systems for supplying stoppage
information to the data logger. The complete alarm
monitoring instrumentation is at present being
integrated into a free-standing cubicle. The alarm
monitoring points on the making machine and the
associated sensor and detector systems are
described
in a recently issued report which also outlines
the
logging performance of these systems and the
extent
of future development work. A report has been
issued.
(R.G. Bryant) (10) Commissioning of Input Analogue
Channels for
Data-Logger
(A.E. Yallup)
14 Analogue transducers are being . fitted to a
Mark 8
Molins, Making machine. These transducers are
intended
to measure continuously various quantities
appertaining
to the running of the Mark 8. A report describing
10
of the transducers has been issued. Work on the
remaining 4 transducers is proceeding.
4250 Quality Measurement and Inspection
(A.W. Cronshaw) (3) Calibration of Hydrostatic
Firmness Tester for
Routine Measurement
(A.R. Cox)
The definition and calibration of the ftims Vs
measuring
system is in progress.
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-25-
The indications are that the sensitivity of this
instrument to a rod firmness factor will be
adequate.
(A.R. Cox) Unprogrammed
(A.W. Cronshaw) Individual weight performance of
making machines is
directly dependent on the pneumatic/hydraulic
weight
control unit being operated in the optimum manner.
For machines with different air systems this mode
is
likely to change. To examine this possiblity, the
suction, pneumatic/hydraulic output and weight
have
been monitored simultaneously, and correlation
techniques employed in analysing the results. This
work has further relevance in the observation of
weight
performance as the nylon band condition
deteriorates.
Some techniques were tried on one machine to
lessen the
effect of band condition on weight performance,
but
without success.
4270 New Concepts
(D.B. Naylor) (3) Automatic Handling of Cigarette
Paper - Preliminary
Study Depending on 4430/11
Deferred.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (4) Filter Plug Cutter - Patent
Application
(J.K. Milner) Results of practical work on this
invention are awaited
before deciding on completion. A report has been
issued
explaining the principle of operation of this
device.
(D.B. Naylor) (5) Constant Density Variable
Composition Cigarette
Investigations have just commenced into possible
methods of manufacture of a cigarette containing
tobacco
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-26-
and filler made from non-combustible sheet
material.
The cross section of the rod will vary from 100%
tobacco
at one end to 100% filler at the other.
(A.W.G. Smeed) Umprogrammed
Contrary to Hauni's belief a Code Printer has been
fitted to the Hauni Baby. This consists of an old
Molins 'At type Printer linked through a variable
speed drive to the paper feed of the Baby.
A report covering this development is being
compiled
as well as a further report describing
mechanisation
of the Hauni Manuela previously hand operated.
PROJECT 4300 PACKAGING STUDIES
4310 Study of Packaging Materials
(N. Foster) (2) An Evaluation of a Range of
Wrapping Films
All the materials have now been obtained and the
evaluation is continuing.
(N. Foster) Evaluation of Aluminium Foil laminates
for
Bundle Wrapping
The work on aluminium foil (0-007 and mo65 mm
thick)
laminated to tissue and bond papers of various
weights
for bundling cigarettes on a Molins hinge lid
packer
has been completed.
4320 Study of Adhesives
(N. Poster) (1) The Adhesion of Printed Tippinp
Paper
The work on this project has stopped pending the
development of a laboratory adhesive applica~pr
rig with reel and re-reel facilities.
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November 1999


(N. Foster) (2) Study of the Effect of Pressure on
Carton Sealing
with PVA Emulsion Adhesives
Following a recommendation made in Report No.
E-150-F,
the effect of pressure on the side wall sealing of
H.L. packs with FVA adhesives is being studied on
the Instron tester with a special jig.
43-30 Material Machine Interaction
(N. Foster) (1) Effect of Packaging Materials on
Machine Downtime
(Mrs. B.M. Watts) The systems definition has been
completed. The
programming is nearly complete and test data has
been
prepared.
4340 Package - Product Relationships
(N. Foster) (1) Influence of Storage Conditions on
the Quality
of Packed Cigarettes - Middle East Samples
(Miss L. McGillivray)
The evaluation of cigarettes exposed to market
conditions
in Bahrein and Kuwait has been completed. A
statistical
analysis of the results has been carried out. The
report has been delayed.
(N. Foster) (2) Dependence of Cigarette Quality on
Volatile
Constituents - Further Work
A simple U trap technique for the removal of
excess
water from the tobacco extract has shown some
promise.
The optimum temperature of the trap is now being
determined.
4350 Development of Packages
(N. Foster) (1) Easy Opening Pouches - Evaluation
7 his development has been shown to have a
slightly
inferior shelf life than a pouch without the easy
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November 1999


-28-
open feature. A wrapping machine manufacturer has
been offered the opportunity to develop a machine
to produce such a pack on a royalty basis.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (2) Patent for Easy Open Pouch
Results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on completion.
4360 Development - Existing Machines
(N. Foster) (1) Evaluation of I.C.I. Cup Pack
(j.K. Milner) The feasibility of making one-piece
soft cup packs on
an A.M. & F. machine using a paper/foil/film
laminate
offered by I.C.I. is being investigated. R. & D.E.
have not yet received from I.C.I. the machine made
sample blanks, the design of which was agreed
during
the last quarter.
(N. Foster) (2) Evaluation of High Seal Efficiency
Molins WMH.2
Wrapper
The production trial in the Liverpool Branch has
now
been completed. Shelf life tests on 20s units have
been completed. Those on 200s units are still
underway.
4370 Development - New Machines
(F. Russell) (1) Machine for Double Shell Pack
(Project STEVENAGE)
The shells to the new size specification, found
necessary
after producing bundles on the packing machine,
have
been received. The increased sizes have introduced
new problems in the mechanisms. The special labour
required has been short, since demands on this
labour
have been made by JANUS work with its high
priority.
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-29-
PRojEcT 44o0 FILTER MANUFACTURE
4410 Preliminary Studies
(H.G. Horsewell) (15) Pro.iect BATEAU - Freezing
and Solvent Removal
No further work has been carried out in connection
with
the effects of freezing capsules containing water.
The study of the release of the solvents used for
making the spheres from the capsules has been
completed.
(J.A. Luke), (18) Development of Novel Filters for
High
Particulate Retention
Some work has been undertaken in order to
investigate
the feasibility of manufacturing single-pass type
filters using a continuous process.
(J.A. Luke) (19) Investigation of Plastics
Extrusion Applied
to Filter Design
Work has been directed towards the satisfactory
production of extruded components at high speeds
and also the production of components extruded
from
low density materials.
(J.A. Luke) (20) Cellulose Acetate Coated Paper
A 4 roll coating system employing a solution of
cellulose acetate in methyl ethyl ketone has been
developed, for producing coated paper samples.
Coating
level variations across and along the web have
been
very much reduced, and appear acceptable. Control
of
application has been improved and repeatability is
good. Some samples have been made into filters.
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Filtration efficiency results agree well with
earlier
work. A sample of dual rods employing an acetate
section has been made.
(J.A. Luke) (21) Split Film Filters
Latest samples from British Ropes are being
processed
and evaluated. It is hoped these samples will
produce
a large number of fibres smaller than 5 d.p.f.
(C.A.
scale).
A provisional patent application has been made.
(J.A. IiAke) (22) Needleless InJected Filters
Work has been concentrated on applying low
viscosity
additives to H.D.F.E. filters using a needleless
injector. A study has been made of the effects of
varying nozzle pressure, nozzle distance from the
rod, injected volume, etc. especially in
relationship
to rod hardness.
(J.A. Luke) Unprogrammed
Acetate Filter Design
Following computer runs by M.S.D. based on the R.
& D.E.
report agreement has been reached with Liverpool
to
produce one particular filter specification from
three
different selected tow items. In order to aid tow
selection, a method of predicting filter firmness
proposed by Cigarette Components has been studied
using prepared filter samples. Further samples are
awaited to confirm the early results.
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4430 Machine Development
(D.B. Naylor) (11) Production Method for
Manufacturing Wax Spheres
Ice Ball ManufacWre
The ice ball plant is at present working on a
daily
production basis using 4 jets in each column to
give
an output of approximately 200,000 iceballs per
day.
Modifications carried out to the refrigeration
system
have not been completely successful and further
modifications are required.
Wax Spheres
The cold air flow to the ice ball feeders has been
satisfactorily modified and the plant is now
capable
of a production rate of approximately 680 wax
capsules
per minute with an efficiency of 60-70%. Work is
now
being directed towards improving this efficiency.
A
report has been issued covering both the ice ball
plant
and the waxing plant.
(J.K. Milner) (12) Assembly of Filters Containing
Wax Spheres
A report has been issued describing an attachment
for a Molins DAPTC machine which enables BATEAU
filters to be produced at a rate of 1,200
individual
filters per minute.
(J.A. Luke) (14) HEX Filter
The development of prototype equipment for the
continuous production of the HEX filter has been
continued and substantial progress has been made
in
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


the techniques required for each of the three main
components.
(D.B. Naylor) (15) HAF Filter
A small amount of work has been possible on
developing
a method of manufacture of one end piece of a
triple,
high efficiency filter using the Schweitzer paper
filter machine.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (16) Caterpillar Haul-Off - Patent
Application RD 113
Results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on completion.
4450 Quality Measurement and Product Control
(J.K. Milner) (1) Development of Inspection
Technique for BATEAU
Filters
(A.E. Yallup)
Work has just been started on tests to see if a
(A.W. Cronshaw)
Molins photomultiplier weight control unit might
be suitable for use in an inspection system for
BATEAU filters. Discrimination between capsules
with water and those without water is possible
using
a Molins Scintillation detector. Work on a
suitable
electronic discriminator circuit is proceeding.
PROJECT 4500 ASSESSMENT OF NEW EQUIRAENT
45,30 Cigarette Machines and Ancillaries
(D.B. Naylor) (1) Hauni Garant 4 Installation
The installation of the machine has commenced.
4550 Filter Making Machinery
(J.A. Luke) (1) Comparative Tests on Molins
FM5/Lampreeht Machine
An interim progress report has been issued
covering
the work on this project up to December.
ON
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


Extensive experiments have been carried out on
problems
associated with the bobbin changer and seam
sealing.
A much improved patching arrangement has been
developed,
and control of seam adhesion is much better
understood.
As a result machine operation has improved to the
stage where evaluation is likely in the near
future.
Recent running has demonstrated that very high
efficiency operation of the bobbin changer and of
the machine as a whole is possible under
favourable
conditions.
PROJECT 5000 MODIFIED TOBACCO AND NEW SMOKING
MATMIAIZ
5000 General
(J.A. Pritchard) (5) Solvent Extraction of Tobacco
- Further Work
(J.B. Preston) The results obtained from the
analysis of the
cigarettes referred to in the October - December
Quarterly Report have indicated some
discontinuities.
Further work has been undertaken in an attempt to
resolve these.
5200 Reconstituted Tobacco Smoking Materials
(R.W. Hedge) (8) Study of Physical/Chemical
Properties of PRT
(D.J. Molyneux) The analysis of the data has been
delayed by pressure
(E.B. Wilkes) of other work but should be
completed by the beginning
of the next quarter.
(D.J. Molyneux) (11) Effects of Fillers on PRT
A report has been issued describing the effects of
chalk, carbon and zinc oxide on PRT with and
without
0 N
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-_34-
added extract. Further work on the effect of
carbon
is being undertaken.
(R.W. Hedge) (1,3) Evaluation of Tcbacco/Polymer
Films as Smoking
Materials
Subjective comparison was limited to single
cigarettes
because of high irritancy. Reporting of the
results
will be deferred until the Battelle Hyperplasia
results are received next quarter.
(D.J. Molyneux) (15) Effect of Tobacco Extracts on
the Properties
o f FRI
Cigarettes have been manufactured from both Burley
and Virginia stem and lamina. The original plan
called for twenty-eight different PRTs. Due to
manufacturing difficulties only twenty-five could,
in
fact, be made into cigarettes. These are now being
examined.
(J.A. Pritchard) (16) Filtration Effects of
Reconstituted Tobacco
Results are being examined to assess their meaning
and significance.
(D.J. Molyneux) Unprogrammed
Design and Construction of PRT Coater/Dryer
The construction of this machine is in progress
and
should be completed by the end of May.
(D.J. Molyneux) Design of Back-water Recirculation
System for
Miniature Fourdrinier Machine
A system has been designed and delivery of two
variable-speed pumps is awaited.
CT,
011
I'D
CO
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(J.A. Pritchard) Thermal Analysis of Tobacco,
Reconstituted Tobacco
and Other Smoking Materials
Previous work in R. & D.E. on Thermal Gravimetric
analysis of tobacco has been extended to include
a wider range of smoking materials in order that
its significance as a predictive technique may be
assessed.
CZ)
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


-35&-
5.500 Non-Tobacco Smoking Materials
(R.W. Hedge) (6) Laboratory Examination of Natural
and Synthetic
Materials
For the second quarter in succession no work has
been.
carried out pending results from 5-311 and because
of
other commitments under 4100 and 531_3.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (10) Inert Filler Material - Patent
Application
(P.J. Nicholl) A Complete Specification of this
invention has been
filed in 34 countries.
(R.W. Hedge) (11) Response of Polymer Pairings in
Biological Tests
(R. Comber) Short-ter7n biological testing has
commenced but priority
has been given to other projects, including 5403.
(R.W. Hedge) (12) To Improve Ash Formation of
Non-Combustible Fillers-
This project has been deferred pending the outcome
of
531-3.
(R.W. Hedge) (13) Reformulation of NCF for Pilot
Scale Manufacture
Outline work has shown the most probable range of
formulations that will give a suitable combination
of
physical and smoke properties. r1he results are
being
collated. In addition to the formulation for 5403
last
quarter a formulation suited to JANUS B-10 was
selected
and manufactured on a production scale using the
miniature band dryer.
(Mrs. U. Ende) (14) Smoking Composition - Patent
Application RD 111
Results of practical work are awaited before
deciding
on completion.
r\J
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


-35b-
_5400 Prototype Cigarettes
(R.W. Hedge) (1) Design of Cigarettes of Reduced
Biological
Activity (PRT and Filters)
(H.G. Horsewell)
Plain cigarettes have been produced. A dual
cellulpse
(P.J. Nicholl)
acetate/paper filter has been found in a
preliminary
(R.E. Thornton)
test to give a sufficiently low TPM delivery and
(D.J. Wood)
sufficiently high impact for the project to
continue.
Dual filters will be obtained and cigarettes
assembled
(R.W. Hedge)
(H.G. Horsewell)
(P.J. Nicholl)
(R.E. Thornton)
(D.J. Wood)
(R.W. Hedge)
(H.G. Horsewell)
(P.J. Nicholl)
CR.E. Thornton)
(D.J. Wood) *
(K.D. Kilburn)
for testing the biological activity of the smoke.
(2) Design of Cigarettes of Reduced Biological
Activity (Modified BATEX)
Cigarettes containing BATEX and modified BATEX
have
been made and submitted for smoke delivery tests,
subjective assessment and short-term biological
testing.
(3) Evaluation of Cigarettes Containing NCF
Cigarettes containing 20% and 5D% NCF are being
tested in short-term biological tests, for
subjective
character and smoke delivery.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


ADMINISTRATION
JANUARY - MARCH, 19r7l
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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


ACCOUNTS
capital
Commitments to the _31st March, 1971, are as
follows:
Specific & General Common to
to Projects All
Approved Budget Year 1970/71 Z88,000 z14,ooo
Committed
Uncommitted
55,400 5,300
Z32,6oo Z 8,700
Total
Z102,000
6 o,700
Z 41,300
Major items ordered during the quarter included an
Atomic Absorption
spectrometer (Z2,000), a Chromoscan Recording and
Integrating Densitometer
(Z1,000) and a Molins Mark 8 SM Cigarette Making
Machine (E16,200). This
last acquisition will enable an existing machine
to be released for work
on the tobacco rod structure as a means of
modifying smoke delivery.
Revenue
The latest available information indicates that
Establishment
expenditure is currently running at approximately
97% of the approved
monthly budget allocation but these figures are
distorted by the effects
of the postal strike.
PERSONNEL
Staff
Mr. M. Richter, N.S.S. Fitter, retired from the
Company on the last
day of this quarter. Mr. Richter joined the
Company on the 1st January 1958.
On the same day, Mrs. E. Harris, who is expecting
a child in June, also
resigned.
During the quarter Mr. T.F. Houiellebecq, Miss
M.M. Smith (Laboratory
Assistants) and Mrs. L. Parker (Manufacturing
Clerk) were engaged-,
Mr. D.G. Woolley (Chemical Assistant) and Mrs. G.
Leigh (Laboratory
Assistant) resigned.
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


(R. Sniurthwaite) ENGINEERING SERVICES AND
BUILDINGS
Laboratory Block
No major work programme undertaken.
Development Halls
Steelwork and flooring completed for new mezzanine
extension (D.H. 2). Work started on erection of
partitioning.
Extension to switchroom for installation of new
switchboard now completed.
General
Most advanced portion of Product Development
Laboratory now at plant room floor level.
Steelwork
and floor slab in "Industrial Block" completed.
Brick/block wall cladding 50% complete.
(Mrs. U. Ende) PATENTS
New Applications
Seven new applications have been filed and three
are
under consideration. One complete specification
has
been filed. Two applications were abandoned before
filing a complete specification in view of prior
art.
Patents Granted
Application No. Title Country
17071/62 (RD 24) Filamentar"j Reconstituted
Tobacco Brazil
_39244/63 (RD 36) Reversible Nozzle Germany
42279/63 (RD 38) Flavour Improver (M.A.) Australia
22389/64 (RD 47 & 54) Tip Assembler Australia
2005/67 (RD 64) Calibrated Garniture Pakistan
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


Application No. Title Country
2710/67 (RD 65) Filter Maker (S.F.F.) Venezuela
1-3ol8/67 (RD 67) Seam Former Pakistan
14247/67 (RD 68) Filter Additive (FEI/Zn) Pakistan
Venezuela
25988/67 (RD 70) Cigarlet Assembler U.K.
482-33/67 (RD 75) Shredded Foam Filter Argentina
New Zealand
8220/68 (RD 80) Print Register Argentina
2,3,379/68 (RD 83) Cigarette Paper 'I' South
Africa
56325/68 ORD 89) Filter 'SP' South Africa
58831/68 (RD 90) Filter 'FR' Argentina
25432/69 (RD 95) Filter 'MO' Belgium
official Actions
Title Country Response
Granular Rods (I.S.) (RD 51) Australia To be
defended
Filter Additive (S.E .) (RD 73) Canada Dealt with
by Patent Agent
Filter Capsules (F) (RD 81) U.K. To be defended
Cigarette Paper 'I' CRD 83) Germany, Holland To be
defended
Switzerland, U.K.
Nylon Bands (RD 84) U.K. To be defended
Filter 'SP' (RD 89) Switzerland Dealt with by
Patent Agent
Filter (P.R.) (RD -90 ) U.K. To be defended
Finland Dealt with by Patent Agent
-_j
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh columbia 11
November 1999


REPORTS
During the quarter the following reports were
issued.
RD REPORTS
Title
Investigations on the Fungal Content of U.S.
Flue-cured Leaf
Biological Tests and Further Filtration
Measurements on Smoke
Particle Size Fractions
Attempts to Transform Cells in vitro by
Carcinogens: Third Report
BATEX - Nigeria: Economic Appraisal II
The Moisture Content of Cases of Lamina at Entry
to the U.K. -
Canadian 1968 Crop
The Moisture Content of Cases of Stem at Entry to
the U.K. -
Canadian 1967 and 1968 Crops
Spotting of Cigarettes (Variation in Chemical
Composition
for Different Samples)
Some Effects of Stem and CRS Processing on Smoke
Properties
Molins; P.M.5/Lamprecht T.R. Filter Rod Making
Machine -
Interim Report
Waste Tobacco Utilisation - New Zealand: Economic
Appraisal -
Part III
The Design and Costing of a Paper Making Process
for Tobacco
Reconstitution (PRT)
Reconstituted Tobacco in Europe
The Radiochemical Analysis of Phosphine Residues
in Fumigated
Tobaccos I
The Determination of the Mass Balance of Carbon-14
Activity
Added to Cigarettes - Part II
The Filtration of Formaldehyde
The Effect of Fillers and Aqueous Tobacco Extract
on the
Properties of FRT
Examination of Schweitzer Samples Prepared for
Long Term Testing
Subjective Response to Suspected Irritants in
Cigarette Smoke
Report No.
RD-748-R
RD-753-R
RD-757-R
RD-759-R
RD-760-R
RD-761-R
RD-762-R
RD-76,3-R
RD-764-R
RD-765-R
RD-767-R
RD-768-R
RD-769-R
RD-770-R
RD.771-R
RD.772-R
RD-775-R
RD-777-R, (_T1
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BATCodocument for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


LABORATORY REPORTS
Title
A Revised Method for the Determination of the
Toxicity of Smoke
to Tetrahymena
Evaluation of Foamed Polyethylene Filter ex
Monsanto - Progress
Report II
Improvements in Technique for Detecting Volatile
Additives
Spotting of Cigarettes (Comparison of Rothmans
King Size, State
Express 555 KSFT and B. & H. Special Filter)
Characterisation of Biologically Active
Sub-Fractions of
Selected Condensates
Evaluation of a New Filter from Hong Kong
Spotting of Cigarettes (Evaluation of Brazilian
Tobaccos)
The Transfer of Maleic Anhydride from Cigarette
Paper into
Mainstream Smoke
Evaluation of Foamed Polyethylene Filters ex
Monsanto - Progress
Report III
ExaLmInation of VANTAGE Filters
Testing an Objective Method for Assessing Smoke
Irritation
Report No.
L-359-R
L.360-R
L.361-R
L-362-R
L.36~3-R
L.364-R
L.365-R
L-367-R
L.368-R
L.,369-R
L.-370-R
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


F14GINEERING REPORTS
Title
Testing of Standard and Experimental Designs of
Machon Woven
Nylon Tobacco Suction Bands for Mark 8 Cigarette
Making
Machines
The Assembly of Triple Filters Containing
Spherical Capsules
A Filter Plug Cutting System with Improved
Versatility
Water Capsules for Cigarette Filters: Part II -
Large Scale
Production Plant for Manufacture of Spherical Wax
Capsules
Containing Water
Analogue. Transducers for Use on Molins Cigarette
Making Machine
Mark 8 as Inputs to Data Logger - Ist Report
Commissioning of Input Alarm Channels for Data
Logger
Electronic Control Unit for Vokes Pneumatic Feed
Report No.
E-155-F
E.i56-R
E.157-R
E.158-R
E-159-F
E.16O-F
E.161-F
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


REPORTS SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR ISSUE TO OUTSIDE
ORGANISATIONS
AR REPORTS
Title Report No.
Studies on the Filtration of Benzo[ajpyrene -
"Benzo-X" L-35-4-AR
Evaluation of Foamed Polyethylene Filter ex
Monsanto Progress
Report II L.36o-AR
Evaluation of Foamed Polyethylene Filters ex
Monsanto Progress
Report III L-36B-AR
M REPORTS
The Comparative Testing of the Prototype Mark 9
Filter Tip
Cigarette Making Machine RD-745-M
Prototype Mark 9 F.T.C.M. - July 1970 to October
1970 RD.756-m
Examination of Schweitzer Samples Prepared for
Long Term Testing RD-775-M
C7-\
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


APPE27DT-X I
Staff
31.12-70 -31.3-71
Staff employed 216 215
Resignations pending 1
216 214
Transfers pending - 1
216 215
Staff recruited but not yet
employed - -
216 215
Additions (-5)
T.F. Houiellebecq Laboratory Assistant I
Miss M.M. Smith Laboratory Assistant II
Mrs. L. Parker Manufacturing Clerk
Transfers Pending (1)
J.A. Medus N.S.S. Fitter
Retirement (1)
M. Richter N.S.S. Fitter
Resignations (2)
D.G. Woolley 'Chemical Assistant
Mrs. E. Harris Manufacturing Clerk
Resignations Pending (1)
Mrs. M. Slade Graduate Scientist
C7"
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


APPENDIX II
Visitors
Over the three months a total of 133 visitors,
including 36 from
associated companies overseas, came to the
Establishment. A detailed
list is given below.
Mr. Ackermann Brinkman Bremen (Molins)
K. Adebahr Hauni-Werke, Hamburg
Dr. A.K. Armitage T.R.C. Harrogate
G.H. Ashurst Millbank
B. Atmore M.S.D.
R. Barners Molins Machine Company
S. Baxter Monsanto Chemicals
J. Belanger I.T. Products, Canada
D. Biggs Molins Machine Company
R.A.D. Booth Royal South Hants Hospital,
Southampton
Mr. Bower I.E.D. Liverpool
A.I. Boxberg Finland
D.A.S. Bradney Acting Factory Manager, Singapore
Mr. Budd Mardon & Son
M.A.S. Burt Molins Machine Company
Serge Canon Chief Engineer, Brussels
C. Capps Wiggins Teape
W.P. Creighton Production Trainee, I.E.D.
Southampton
B. Chapman Molins Machine Company
C.B. Crispe I.E.D. Millbank
Mr. Dalbke Brinkman Bremen (Molins)
F. Dashley S.C.L. Liverpool
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


Syed Othman Syed Daudi Leaf Assistant, Malaya
D.E. Davies S.C.L. Liverpool
A.T. Davis Mardon Flexible
R.E.D. Davis Pakistan
T.A. Ditchfield Technical Projects, Millbank
N. Dix Market Research Dept., Millbank
R.P. Dobson Chairman, Millbank
T.P. Doran I.E.D., Millbank
S. Dreyfus Molins Machine Company
B.K. Duggall University of Southampton
F.W. Dunn Millbank
A. Ellis Leaf Dept., Millbank
Sir Charles Ellis Consultant
E. Egger Molins Machine Company
Dr. J.G. Esterle Brown & Williamson, Louisville,
U.S.A.
Dr. A. Foord Loughborough University
P.H. Gannaway Millbank
A.P.J. Gatward Wiggins Teape
R.M. Gibb I.T. Products, Canada
A.D. Goodchild Mardon Flexible
Dr. P. Grasso B.I.B.R.A.
Mr. Gulliver Mardon & Son
F. Outfield Wiggins Teape
J. Haarni Finland
K.E. Haines Director, Millbank
B. Hamill Switzerland
J. Hamilton W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
CYI-
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


N.A. Hardison Central America
Mrs. C.M. Hardwick W. Region Hospital Board
Library, Winchester
G.C. Hargrove Millbank
Mr. Hartgenbusch Brinkman Bremen (Molins)
J.R. Heygate Production Department Manager, Brazil
M. Hill Players, Nottingham
B. Hodsall Molins Machine Company
Dr. J.C. Hogg McGill University, Montreal
R. Holden Wiggins Teape
A.E. Holland Production Trainee, I.E.D.
Southampton
N.D. Hick I.C.I.
D.E. Hughes Millbank
Dr. J.D. Ireson Bioassay Limited
R.H. James S.C.L. Liverpool
A.N. Jamieson Factory Manager, Ghana
D. Jones S.C.L. Liverpool
T.G. Kendrick-Jones Switzerland
P. Kangis I.E.D. Millbank
Mr. Kearns P.J. Carroll & Co. (Molins)
J.A.B. Kellagher Brazil
Mr. Liebert Germany
G.B. Leslie Bioassay Limited
P.G. Lewis Bordon Chemical Company
P.H. Linnemann Denmark
C.H. Stewart Lockhart Director, Millbank
G. Lovegrove Mardon & Son
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


R.D. L<)we Millbank
Mr. IA.Lhman Brinkman Bremen (Molins)
A.D. McCormick Director, Millbank
J.C. Manning Assistant Factory Manager, Sierra
Leone
J. Meir Landenijk, Luxembourg (Molins)
K. Mirams Managing Director, Auto Wrappers,
Norwich
Molin Zain Bin Leaf Assistant, Malaya
B. Morrison J. Player, Nottingham
S.O. Neville Assistant Engineer, Sierra Leone
M.R. Noakes Denmark
J. Nowers Molins Machine Company
D.P. O'Brien I.E.D. Millbank
W. O'Callaghan Hercules Powders
M. Parada Assistant Engineer, Chile
R. Penzias Molins Machine Company
E.G. Preston Molins Machine Company
G. Rawlinson Director, Millbank
Miss C. Raymont Royal South Hants Hospital,
Southampton
Mr. Reilly P.J. Carrol & Go. (Molins)
R. Reynolds W.D. & H.O. Wills, Bristol
P.A. Richardson Management Services, Switzerland
P. Robson Wiggins Teape
D.G. Ross Belgium
D. Ruddick Wiggins Teape
D. Sandford Production Manager, Argentina
S.J. Scantlebury Assistant Factory Manager,Ibadan,
Nigeria
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BATCO doCUment for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


A. Schaash Lorillard, Luxembourg (Molins)
M.R.G. Scotland Production Trainee, I.E.D.
Southampton
Lowe Hock Seang Millbank
H.G. Sellars Production Director, Singapore
P. Sheehy Director, Millbank
M.G. Sims R.A.E., Farnborough
P.H.E. Skidmore Assistant Factory Manager,
Trinidad
T.A. Slack Director, Millbank
C.C. Smith Ass Octel Co. Ltd.,
Dr. T.A. Smith I.T. Products, Canada
C. Stevens Millbank
R. Stone Factory Manager, Jamaica
J.A. Ugino Management Tradnee, Brown & Williamson
Louisville, U.S.A.
P. Vallance I.T. Group, Bristol
J. Van Gelder Molins Machine Company
J.B. Vauclair Borrus, Switzerland (Molins)
V.K. Vincent W.D. & H.O. Wills, Australia
Dr. P. Volans Monsanto Chemicals
R.S. Wade I.T. Products, Canada
Lee Tek Wah Assistant Engineer, Chile
Chung Ching Wan Factory Manager, Mauritius
E. D'Y de Walle Belgium
G. Wark Molins Machine Company
1. Warrington Factory Manager, Ghana
D.J. Weaver I.E.D. Millbank
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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E.H. Webber
Mr. Westhoff
I.H. Whalley
M.W. Wheelwright
Dr. J.K. Whitehead
R. Williams
S. Woodward
Mardon Flexible
I.E.D. Liverpool
Hercules Powders
Assistant Factory Manager, Chile
T.R.C. Harrogate
Molins Machine Company
Molins Machine Company
ON
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999