MI


QUARTERLY REPORT
JANUARY - MARCH 1%4
COMPILED BY: D.G. Felton
I.W. Hughes
A.J.O. Thomson
ISSUED BY.- S.J. Green
DISTRIBUTION:
D.S.F. Hobson Esq. Copy No. 1.
Sir Charles Ellis 2.
K.E. Haines Esq. 3.
H.D. Anderson Esq. 4.
J.H. Maslen Esq. 5.
P. Procter Esq. 6.
R.A. Boothroyd Esq. 7.
T.M. Wade Jnr. Esq. 8,9,10.
L.C. Laporte Esq. 11,12,13.
W.W. Reid Esq. 14,15.
Her-rn. E.H. S8ring 16,17,18.
J.J. Kirwan Esq. 19.
S.K. Keshava Esq. 20.
J.E. Sismey Esq. 21.
E.C. Fieldsend Esq. 22.
Library 23.
File 68 24.
COPY NO:
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Research & Development Establishmento
British-American Tobacco Co. Ltd.,
Southampton.
DGF/IWH/AJOT/MPT/68 22nd April, 1%4.
QUARTERLY REPORT
JANUARY - MARCH 1%4
INTRCDUCTION
During the period sickness has been unusually
frequent and with the
increasing work load the capacity of the
Establishment has been completely
stretched. There have also been a number of urgent
developments in filter
making process equipment and Batex as well as the
growing urgency in laboratory
filter work. Batex development has been
particularly put back by the
resignation of J-V. O'Brien. D.B. Naylor has been
temporarily transferred
to the Batex project and work on the instrumented
garniture unfortunately
suspended.
During most of the period we have been fortunate
in having Mr. Rome with
us and have enjoyed the stimulus of his impact.
PROJECT 1000 GENERAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
1100 Analytical
(C.W. Ayers) (15) The work on the determination of
the higher individual
acids continues. Effort is now concentrated on
making the
method quantitative.
(16) Nothing to report on the identification of
bases.
(17) Automated methods have been developed for
iron and
chloride in tobacco; a method for the estimation
of aluminium
is being developed.
1200 Tobacco
(F. Haslam) 1) Further calculations have been
carried out which are
related to the various methods of mentholating
foil/tissue
in an attempt to estimate the losses which occur.
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1300 Cioarettes
(W.B. Fordyce) .(14) Louisville's measurements of
filter-meter, Snell
tar, and nicotine filter efficiencies have now
been
repeated in Southampton. In general, there is
reasonable
agreement between the two laboratories. There is a
number
of differences, howeverp which will require
re-examination.
(C.I. Ayres) (16) The presence of a coffee
ingredient in the casing applied
to BLACK PRINCE shag tobacco has no detectable
effect on the
delivery of benzpyrene in the smoke. A report on
this work
has been issued.
1400 Process Research & Develooment
(N.E. Willis) (2) Comparative measurements
undertaken on the Molins Mark 8
No. 20244 before and after use of molybdenum
disulphide
additive in the oil indicate that a slight
reduction in
noise can be obtained by this means.
Unoroarammed Work
The analytical section has done work for both
Wiggins Teape
and Mardon International for which appropriate
chatges have
been made.
Wiaains Teaoe - analysis of additives to paper
Mardon - analysis of anti-foaming agents added to
paper.
PROJECT 2000 TOBACCOt RELATION OF CONSTITUENTS AND
PROPERTIES OF TOBACCO
TO THE QUALITIES OF LEAF AND SMOKE AND TO THE
AGRICULTURAL
.AND CURING PROCESS
2001 General
(A.R. Cousins) (1) The procedure for the
fractionation of nitrogen compounds
is being applied to widely different tobacco
types. Prelimina 1E
results indicate considerable differences in the
composition
of the tobacco so far examined. An automatic
amino-acid
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I November 1999


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analyser has been installed for more detailed
analysis of
those fractions containing either free or combined
amino-
acids.
2010 Waterloo
(D.G. Felton) (1,2 & 3) Nothing to report.
2020 Grev Tobacco
(D.J. Wood) (32) Storage of tobacco from the first
greenhouse experiment,
1963, has been terminated and the samples are now
awaiting
analysis.
(33) Investigation of grey and non-grey tobacco
from Canada
is nearing completion.
(34) Storage of tobacco from the second greenhoU5e
experimenty
1%3, is continuing. Although it is too early to
assess the
results there are Indications that gross nitrogen
deficiency
is associated with rapid loss of colour, and that
manganese
content of the leaf is not related to colour
stability.
(35) Initial. analysis of leaf from the third
greenhouse
experiment, 1963, has been carried out and the
remaining
half-leaves are now undergoing storage.
2040 Nature of Water Bondinq
(C.W. Ayers) (6) The various methods for the
determination of water in
tobacco have been applied to a number of different
types
of tobacco including Burley which has been sprayed
with
glucose and/or fructose. The results suggest that
sugars
are decomposed during the standard B-A.T. oven
procedure
resulting in values for the n6isture content which
are too
high - about 3-4% high for a 20% sugar content.
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2060 Aaelno of Tobacco
(D.J. Wood) (4) Work has continued on methods -for
differentiating between
enzymic and non-enzymic changes during ageing of
tobacco.
(5) Tobacco from this experiment has been examined
again
after a total of eight months storage. A final
analysis
will be made after twelve months storage, and will
complete
the experiment.
2070 Colour
(D.J. Wood) Preliminary examination of results for
a large number of
tobaccos indicates wide variation in the extent to
which
plastid pigments and water-soluble pigments
respectively
contribute to the surface colour. It has not yet
proved
possible to express surface colour of the tull
range of
tobaccos examined In terms of these two classes of
pigment,
although for limited groups within this range a
number of
correlations is apparent.
(2) It Is not proposed to investigate colour
changes due to
processing until more progress has been made with
2071.
(3) Rembrandt "Van Rijn" and U.T.Cos. (South)
'WESTMINSTER"
cigarettes are currently being examined in an
attempt to find
the reason for the brighter colour of the former.
PROJECT 3000 CIGARETTE DESIGN: FACTORS AFFECTING
TFE FORMATION OF SMOKE
3110 Characterisation of Tobacco as a Smoke
Producer
(C.I. Ayres) (7) The Filtrona CSM 10 smoking
machine has recently arrived,
and, after standardisation calibration, will be
used to study
the effect of puff parameters on smoke chemistry.
(S.R. Evelyn) (8) It appears that the moisture
conteni of the tobacco is
LIT%
a major factor controlling the delivery Of
Carbonyls in the C_
smoke from a cigarette. This is being examined
thoroughly.
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(J.D. Backhurst) (10) A report dealing with the
evaluation of cigarettes
containing Batex has been issued.
3120 Tobacco Comoosition and Smoke Chemistrv
(C.I. Ayres) (1) Delivery of T2 and T3 cigarettes
from the fermentation
(D.J. Wood) experiment is awaited.
(C.W. Ayers)
(D.J. Wood) (2) Seed for the first greenhouse
experiment has been sown
(R.H. Thornton) and has germinated. Planting out
is scheduled for the
middle of April.
3130 Characterisation of Combustion Process
(R.G. Hook) (1) A report on the three-dimensional
temperature distribution
within the burning cigarette is in the final
stages of
preparation; appendices to the report give
approximate
calculations of heat balance during puff and
smoulder.
(6) Work continues on the effects of tobacco typet
and
physical parameters, on the temperature profile in
a cigarette.
The peak combustion temperature in the case of
fermented
tobacco appears to be some 50 deg. C below that of
Burley
or flue-cured cigarettes. Cigarette diameter, and
the
firmness of cut, have only small effects on the
temperature
profile.
3140 The Effect of Additives
(R.E. Thornton) (2) Some further work has been
carried out on the effect
of additives on phenol production. As yet, no
additive has
been found which leads to a substantiated
reduction in the
phenol delivery of a cigarette.
3150 Transfer and Pyrolvsis Processes
0-
(S.R. Evelyn) (1) A report dealing with the
release of nicotine from extractd9___
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tobaccos has been issued.
(4) A report on the transfer of scopoletin into
mainstream
smoke has been prepared. For all the cigarettes
examined,
the transfer parallels that of nicotine.
(J.D. Backhurst) (B) The work on the release of
benzoic esters from the
unburnt portion of the cigarette rod has
continued. So far,
it seems that whole smoke is required for the
desorption;
air (hot or cold) or vapour phase'of smoke has no
effect.
Further, the extent of release appears to be
related to the
boiling point of the ester.
(S.R. Fvelyn) (10) The analysis of the Burley
cigarettes containing glucose
or fructose has started. So far, the glucose
appears to
make a substantial contribution to the delivery of
furfur-
aldehyde in the smoke. It also appears to affect
the phenol
and benzpyrene yields.
(R.F. Thornton) (n) The furnace technique has been
used to compare the phenol
potential of various tobaccos. The trends obtained
agree
with those calculated from cigarette smoking data.
First
attempts have been made to determine those
materials in tobacco
which contribute to the phenol yield.
(D.J. Wood) (12) This item, originally programmed
under 2060, will be
(RX. Thornton) started as soon as young plants are
available from the greenhouse.
3160 DevelODment of Smokinq Machine
(C.I. Ayres) (3) Work has started with the
modified smoking machine and
the first results suggest that venting a cigarette
leads to
an increase in nicotine delivery of approx. 20%.
3170 Weiaht of Mat-erial Burnt in a Puff
(J.D. Backhurst) (2) & (3) The loss in weight of a
cigarette during a puff CrN
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has been measured. For most cigarettes it was
found to be
approximately 20% greater than that calculated
using puff
'number and smoulder rate. For Burley stem,
however, the
measure was only half that normally calculated.
PROJECT 3200 CIGARETTE DESIGN: MODIFICATION OF
SMOKE AFTER FORMATION
3200 General
(W.B. Fordyce) (1) The Filtration Handbook is now
completed.
3210 Classification of Smoke Particles
(N.E. Willis) (6) The design of the CONIFUGE
fractionater is now complete.
(R.B. Richardson)
3220 Measurement of Particle Size
(R.B. Richardson) (1) & (2) A report has been
issued describing the first series
of experiments carried out in conjunction with
B.S.I.R.A.
Owing to limitation of equipment (e.g.
magnification), it
has not been established with certainty that
particles of
size less than 0.05p are present in smoke.
However, the
experiments did suggest differences in particle
structurev
and it is planned to extend the electron
microscope work to
attempt to detect possible differences in particle
structure
between cigarettes, cigar and pipe smoke.
3230 Structure of Particles
(R.B. Richardson) (2) A simple expression,
relating vapour pressure, temperature
(S. Crossley) and concentration, has been
developed to enable predictions to
-be made concerning the distribution of a compound
between
the vapour and particle phase of smoke. The
usefulness of
the equation is now being tested experimentally.
It is
proposed to transfer this item to Project 3433.
(R.B. Richardson) (3) A short term investigation
of reported differences in U7
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the interaction of cigarette and pipe smoke with
water did ON
not show any significant distinctions.
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3240 Chemistiv of Particles
(R.B. Richardson) (1) A recent publication
(Stoeberp 144th A.C.S. Meeting 1 %3)
on the performance of the Goetz spectrometer has
necessitated
some alteration of earlier conclusions. A report
on the
significance of size separations (with regard to
possible
chemical differences) for the Goetz is being
enlarged to cover
the conifuge application.
(2) Attempts to find chemical differences, based
on tax,
nicotine and phenols, in fractions separated by
the Goetz
have so far proved unsuccessful. Extension of the
analyses
to cover other smoke constituents, such as the
carbonyls,
has been delayed.
PROJECT 3300 THE MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING TASTE
AND FLAVOUR
3310 Analvsis of Smoke with Respect to Flavour
Compounds
(K.D. Kilburn) (3) & (4) Another compound in
sub-fraction FC has been
tentatively identified as a propenyl ketone; the
two alternative
structures are being synthesised to confirm the
identification.
Sub-fraction FD has been shown to contain both
saturated and
unsaturated nitriles and carbonyls. Allyl cyanide
is not a
major component of fraction F.
(5) Fractionation of the tar residue has led to
the separation
of an ester/hydrocarbon mixture which has a
pleasant tobacco
aroma. Isolation of larger quantities is under
way.
3330 To Establish a Chemical Basis for Sensorv
Testinq
(K.D. Kilburn) (1) The assessment of the various
nitriles, found in smoke,
(H. Dymond) as additives to cigarettes has been
held up pending toxicity
C:D
testing. Bulk samples are being provided by G.L.C.
for this u7
testing.
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(2) The work on 2-phenyl-ethanol has been
completed.
3340 To Establish a Technicnie for Assessina the
Taste and Flavour
'of Whole Smoke
(D.J. Wood) (7) Nothing to report
3350 Flavoured Filters
(F. Haslam) (1) A series of filters -has been
prepared by impregnation
(D.E. Conway) with cigar leaf extract. These have
been attached to flue
cured cigarettes and are undergoing smoking
trials.
PROJECT 3400 CIGARETTE DESIGN: SELECTIVE
FILTRATION
3400 General
(H.G. Horsewell) (5) Satisfactory analytical
methods for the detection and
(D.M. Carroll) determination of nitrosamines and
oxides of nitrogen in smoke
are still being sought.
(G.H. Rayner) (8) The measurement of filtration
efficiency of several
materials for organic and inorganic cyano
compounds has been
carried out; it appears that a filter containing
tetraethylen e
pentamine and charcoal gives high removal.
(H.G. Horsewell) (10) Nothing to report.
(11) The work on the effect of different tobacco
types on the
performance of various filters is nearing
completion.
(D.M. Carroll) (12) A vapour "profile" method of
examining smoke is being
(G.H. Rayner) used to assess the potential of
various materials as selectiv e
filters. It is interesting to note that the binder
used in
a Cambridge filter shows some selective properties
for vapour
phase components.
(H.G. Horsewell) (13) A thin-layer chromatographic
method has been developed
for the determination of individual ald~hydes in
smoke
(particulate and vapour phases).
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(R.B. Richardson) (14) Methods are being reviewed
for the characterisation of
adsorbent materials~ such as charcoal, alumina,
etc. in terms
0 f surface area, pore volume and pore size
distribution.
3410 Filter Additives
(W.B. Fordyce) (1) A considerable amount of work
is being carried out on
the efficiency of various charcoals.
(C.W. Ayers) (2) The study of the inter-action of
tetraethylene pentamine
and triacetin has been completed and reported.
Along with.
this work, the development of a suitable assay for
tetraethylene
pentamine has been undertaken. Two methods have
been found to
be suitable; one based on the determination of
total nitrogen
content and the other on a colour reaction between
the amine
and copper sulphate.
(D.G. Felton) (3) Several samples of tetra
ethylene pentamine are being
(I.W. Hughes) tested for toxicity levels.
(W.B. Fordyce)
(D.E. Conway (4) Tetraethylene pentamine has been
chemically linked to
polystyrene resin beads. These have been used in
selective
filters but have not proved to be as efficient as
tetraethylene
pentamine applied as a spray to the tow.
(H.G. Horsewell) (5) Attempts are being made to
determine how much (if any)
tetraethylene pentamine is transferred to the
mainstream
smoke during smoking.
(H.G. Horsewell) (6) Aging experiments on filters
containing tetraethylene
pentamine (with and without charcoal sections) are
in
progress.
3420 Filter Materials
(H.G. Horsewell (1) & (2) Nothing to report. CD*\
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343o Mechanism of Selective Filtration
(R.G. Hook) (3) This has been reported under 3232
(S. Crossley)
(H.G. Horsewell) (4) Nothing to report
(R.G. Hook) (5) An homologous series of aliphatic
ami nes is in u se as
(D.M. Carroll) filter additives to assess the
importance of vapour pressure
and diffusion in the removal of volatile aldehydes
of smoke.
(H.G. Horsewell) (6) Initial experiments to
determine the importance of changes
in vapour-particulate equilibrium are in progress.
These are
aimed in the first instance at assessing the
degree to which
each phase affects the removal of the oth er.
(R.G. Hook) (7) Two screening methods are now in
use. The first is a
vapour flow device for studying the removal of
vapours by
filters; the second is a gravimetric sorption
procedure
capable of testing the sorption properties of
potential
filter materials. The search for novel filters
for, e.g.
acrolein and phenol, has been proceeding in these
directions
for two months.
PROJECT 4100 PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT:
PRIMARY
4100 Primary Process Research
(F. Haslam) (7) Further samples of condensed
vapour have been collected
and are under investigation.
(J.W.H. Segar) (8) A series of modifications and
adjustments has been made
to a Mark 5 M.C.M. aimed to improve the filling
and ends of
cigarettes using a Virginia blend of shattered
leaf. A
range of moisture contents and particle sizes was
also tested.
Finally, the machine was altered back to the
normal settings
and adjustments used with tobacco in rag form.
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The cigarettes made on the normal machine were
equal to any
produced with the various modifications. None of
the
cigarettes resulting from these trials was
considered to
4110
(F. Hasiam)
4120
(N.E. Willis)
(A.H. Wright)
(A.J.0. Thomson)
4130
(F. Haslam)
be up to production standard.
In view of the trials being carried out at
Liverpool Branch
using cigar type tobaccos, all information and
help has been
given them and further work at R. & D.E. has been
discontinued.
Production Flow Problems
(7) The Jetstream conveyor has recently been
received and
is now in course of erection.
Primary Process Develooment (ad hoc)
(3) The automatic skip filler and stacker was
transferred
to the Branch on Ist February, 1964 and the first
test took
place on 14th February using a limited number of
skips hand
fed onto the conveyor. Progressively longer period
tests
were then carried out. It is now proposed to phase
out the
R. & D.E. personnel from the operation.
(4) Comparative trials in Southampton Branch of
the Legg
Millicutter Minor, Molins Mark 4 and Mark I
cutting machines
were completed.
Basic study of tobacco cuttina
(3) A series of experiments has been carried out
in R. & D.E.
in which a modified Molins Mk. I cutting machine
has been
operated at 60 c.p.i. and the same throughput with
two dif-
ferent pressures on the tobacco cheese. In one
case the
cheese was loaded with a weight of 31500 1b. and
in the other
case the weight was reduced to 1,20C 1b.
Experiments have
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has been (_;7
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dried by laying out and then made into cigarettes
for
firmness testing and pressure drop measurement.
From these
tests it can be seen that a significant increase
in cigarette
pressure drop is observed as a result of the
lowering of the
cheese pressure. This is on average an increase of
0.5 cm
w.g. in 10 cm w.g. total for the above pressure
change.
There is also a significant amount of evidence to
suggest
that the tobacco filling power increases as the
cheese pressure
is reduced. The mean difference observed and
confirmed is
0.6% for the above pressure change.
Further work is now in progress to establish the
firmness
change arising from changing cheese pressures and
at the same
time tests have been started in which tobacco is
being cut at
continuously changing c.p.i. varying cyclically
between 40
and 60 c.p.i. It is expected that material cut in
this way
will also show enhanced firmness over control
tobacco cut
at 60 c.p.i.
(A.H.Wright) (4) There is no progress to report on
the sonic cutting of
leaf tobacco.
4140 Stem orocessina
(F. Haslam) (8) Measurements of yields from the
Eirich milling of stems
indicate that the 90% level may be attained. This
compares
with 95-97.5% from normal Branch production of
C.R.S.
Haslam) (9) An examination of the moisture profile
in stems conditioned
in a gravity pipe has been attempted. These tests
have proved
difficult to carry out but the indications are
that little
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PROJECT 4200 PROCESS RESEARCH &DEVELOPMENT-
SECONDARY & PACKAGING
4210 Cioarette makina
(J.W.H. Segar) '(3) Tests are continuing on the
machine fitted with an
(N.E. Willis) instrumented garniture. These
consist of runs of about
(D.B. Naylor) I-L hours duration to check the
tendency of the three vertical
2
movements to increase the firmness. It is hoped to
do enough
runs to build up a picture of firmness tendency
for each
movement. Tests have shown that when combining the
movements
the effects are not cumulative.
(N.E. Willis) (21) Nothing to report
CD.B. Naylor)
(J.W.H. Segar) (22) The Molins 1964 Mk. 8 No.
20739 has been run continuously
on proving trials throughout the period. A report
is being
prepared.
(J.W.H. Segar) (23) The M.C.M. Mk.8 No. 0M.20244
has been run every day on
Branch production to test the life and performance
of the
nylon tape selected by previous tests as being the
best of
three tapes. Life of tape to date is 25 million
cigarettes.
(N.E. Willis) (24) In order to draw up a
specification of the weighing unit
it was found necessary to make some measurements
on the existing
Mk. S. The analysis of records showing the
frequency and
duration of the signals from the nucleonic source
to the
ecreteur were not satisfactory for this purpose.
An alternative
method was then adopted in which a time delay
switching circuit
was introduced into the control loop, together
with a function
generator. This permitted the control loop to be
switched on
for a predetermined period in a cyclical manner.
We have C=
examined intervals between the signals of from J
minute up Un
to 4 minutes.
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(A.W. Cronshaw) (25) The Molins Mk. 8 S machine is
scheduled for delivery
(J.W.H. Segar) to R. & D.E. in mid-April 1964.
(N. E. Willis)
4230 Modified cicarettes
(F. Haslam) (6) A Hauni Max MaFi dual filter
attachment with the CoFi
(D.E.Conway) modification has been operating in R.
& D.E. on an experimental
(J.W.H. Segar) basis since October 1963. As
designed the MaFi attachment
was aimed to fit onto a conventional making
machine and tD
assemble, in a single operation and with a single
overwrap,
two filter plugs from two separate hoppers onto
each cigarette
rod. The overall composite plug length was 26 mm
consisting
of a 17 mm section nearest to the cigarette rod
and a 9 mm
section at the mouth end. (N.B. The 17 mm, section
could be
a dual plug previously manufactured in the form of
a ccmposite
rod).
As it was received in R. & D.E. the machine was
modified to
take the CoFi attachnmnt and to produce two-up
composite
granular bed filter rods. These rods were of the
form 17 mm
Filter A - 5 mm gap of granules - 18 mm filter B -
5 mm gap
of granules - 17 mm filter A. The machine required
compressed
air and vacuum facilities.
In order to facilitate the manufacture of
experimental
cigarettes the machine was modified in R. & D.E.
to take a
feed of 50 mm long cigarette rods from a Molins
feeding
attachment and to assemble onto these in pairs a
composite
filter consisting of l4f mm filter A - 5 mm
granules - 9 mm
filter B. These were assembled onto the cigarettes
with a
single cork overwrap length 32 mm and with filter
A next to
C711
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I November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 16 -
the cigarette rod. All the cigarettes were 25 mm
circumference.
The feeds to the machine were themefore 64 mm wide
cork wrapping,
b0 mm cigarette rods, 57 mm long filter A, 72 mm,
long filter
B and the granules.
Experience in running the machine has given rise
to the
following observations:-
(a) A maximum speed of about 300-350 rods/minute
(600-700
cigarettes per minute) can be reached. Normal
operation has
been much slower than this.
(b) Control of the weight of the granules filling
by altering
the time of opening of the CoFi discharge holes is
by no means
precise.
(c) In the early stage considerable trouble was
experienced
with wide variations in the weight of carbon
granules delivered
to the filters. This was improved somewhat by
reducing the
particle size to -30 +52 mesh but throughout the
sway in
terms of weight delivery has been of the order of
+ 10% over
the extremes of the weight range.
(d) The mean weight of carbon delivered depends on
the
density of the particular carbon used. For example
a mean
weight of about 100 mgm of B.D.H. granular active
charcoal
can be delivered and, for the same filling, only
70 mgm of
wood charcoal.
(e) The machine has been found generally clean in
operation.
Howevery to assist in keeping the cigarettes
unmarked, plastic
catcher bands were fitted which could be washed
down. It was
also found necessary to protect the vacuum pump
with filters CD
to avoid filling it with carbon dust.
BATCo document for Province of Brit!Sh Columbia I
I November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


(f) Some sealing troubles have been experienced
and
occasionally granules have been found between the
outer
wrapper and the two filter rods.
(g) The Hauni granule feeder was found to be only
really
satisfactory when feeding active carbon. It has
therefore
been modified and the internal baffles have been
removed.
In this form it has been possible to feed
experimentally
a much wider range of granillar materials and most
substances
presented, other than those with needle shaped
crystals, have
been handled reasonably satisfactorily.
4250 Packaoina
(N.E. Willis) (1) Some preliminary information has
been obtained and is
currently being analysedf in order to appraise the
possibility
of economies in conventional packaging of
cigarettes.
(D.E. Conway) (2) A report on a general packaging
programme is being
prepared.
4260 Filters
(D.E. Conway) (1) No further work has been done on
the production of filter
tow.
(D.E. Conway) (7) The use of electrostatic
spraying techniques for the
application of plasticiser has been investigated.
Although
giving a different distribution from the conventi
onal spray,
.it is not entirely satisfactory. Further work is
planned
an this topic.
(F. Haslam) (9) Multipass filters have been hand
constructed for tests
of their effectiveness to be made.
CD
4270 Ready-Fills
(F. Hasiam) (1) & (2) Ready-fills have been hand
made for use in conventionA.Y1
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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I November 1999


- is -
pipes and for a particular design of hand curved
trumpet
pipe which might be suitable for ladies. Progress
is now
being made towards machine manufacture. These
ready-fills
are in course of test and assessment and so far
appear to
have the desired properties of cleanliness and
ease of re-
placement particularly in pipes having lined
bowls.
PROJECT 4400 QUALITY CONTROL DEVELMENT
4400 General consideration of crualitv control
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) Nothing to report
4410 Particle size analvsis
(A.W. Cronshaw) (7) Tne electronic counting
circuit continues to function
(E.B. Wilkes) satisfactorily, and alternative met
hods of image projection
have been studied.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (8) Nothing to report
(E.B. Wilkes)
(A.W. Cronshaw) (9) Work on the comparison of
particle sizes from different
(E.B. Wilkes) sieves has now started.
4420 Ends testina
(A.J.0. Thomson) (2) Nothing to report
4430 Cioarette weiaht monitors
(A.W. Cronshaw) (5) Results from the
B-A.T.-Solartron computer installed
in the Branch are still not wholly satisfactory.
The major
-part of the effort has been spent In correcting
faults due
to excessive noise on the signal transmission
lines and
considerable progress has been made in this field.
Suitable
trimming potentiometers have now been fitted to
the lines
and the electrometer time constants and the
computer gains
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BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 19
may now be set to their recommended values. This
phase of
the work awaits the replacement valve voltmeter
from Solartxon.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (7) The Solartron compater Mk.II
continues to function
satisfactorily. A shut-down detector has been
built and
some of the power-packs modified so as to occupy
less space.
4440 Development of laboratorv tests
(E.B. Wilkes) (5) Detail modifications have been
made to the test chamber
of the hydrostatic firmness tester. ~bre precise
measurements
of the pressure responses withing the chamber have
indicated
the need for modifications to the pipe-work and
these have
been carried out. The present work is aimed at
improving
the pressure transducing equipment.
(F.B. Wilkes) (7) Some primary process
investigation has been carried out
using the pycnometer. It was hoped to link this
work with
moisture determination made by the new I.R. method
but the
development of faults in the I.R. spectrometer has
so far
prevented this.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (12) Nothing to report.
(E.B. Wilkes)
(A.W. Cronshaw) (14) Nothing to report. E.B.
Wilkes vi5ited I.T. Co.
(E.B. Wilkes) (Bristol) and discussed the problems
associated with centrifuge
filling value tests with Mr. Iles.
PROJECT 4500 INSTRU~ENT DEVELOPMENT
4510 Continuous Moisture Meterinq Equipment
(N.E. Willis) (1) A further prototype continuous
moisture meter similar to
(A.E. Yallup) the one installed at Lexington is
being constructed at R. & D.E.
The metering unit has been modified to improve its
performance:
QIr
these improvements are based on the operational
experience and
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


- 20 -
requirements at Lexington. The prototype measuring
unit is
currently being extensively tested for
instrumental stability
'with changes in ambient air temperature and
relative humidity.
Results from the continuous moisture measurements
on Burley
strips at Lexington are being received and are
being processed.
4520 Samole testino Moisture Meter
(A.E. Yallup) (1) Tests are continuing with the
Kappa moisture meters models
AB/60 and AE/61. These tests are aimed at
collecting long-
term performance data for these meters. To date
the reliability
of both meters has been high - there have been no
electronic
faults or performance drifts.
(A.E. Yallup) (4) A batch of B-A.T. small sample
moisture meters is being
(A.W. Cronshaw) manufactured by Southern
Instruments.
(A.E. Yallup) (5) Tests on single grades of whole
leaf are in progress using
(A.W. Cronshaw) the B-A.T. whole leaf moisture
meter. Results from the field
trials with the first batch of meters are awaited.
(A.F. Yallup (7) Tests are in progress on the
A.E.I. microwave S Band 12 cm
moisture meter. These tests are on cases of leaf
and are
intended to assess the value of the meter to the
aoup.
(A.E. Yallup) (8) A firm requirement for the close
range small sample B-A.T.
moisture meter has been received from The Imperial
Tobacco Co.
(Canada). Further work is dependent upon the
supply of the
batch of B-A.T. small sample moisture meters (3).
(A.E. Yallup) (9) Delivery of an A.E.I. X Band 3
cm. microwave moisture
meter for a short trial is awaited. This meter is
complementary
to the S Band meter. It will help considerably
with the general
investigation of the microwave method, especially
the tobacco
temperature dependence.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 21 -
4540 General Instruments
(A.E. Yallup) (1) Nothing to report.
PROJECT 5000 PCL AND WASTE TOBACCO UTILISATION
5000 Basic Research
(P.J. Nicholl (2) Nothing to report.
5100 Waste Utilisation - General
(P.J. Nicholl) (2) Further consideration of the
situation in India is delayed
pending the results of tests proposed earlier.
5200 VS/PCL Introduction of Process to Other
Territories
(P.J. Nicholl) (1) The VS/FCL production costs for
Malaya have been
reappraised and reported.
(2) The VS/PCL production costs for Venezuela have
also been
reappraised and compared with the application of
the BATEX
process in conjunction with winnowings shredding.
The
findings have been reported.
5300 Paper Processes
(P.J. Nicholl (7), (8) & (9) Nothing to report.
5400 BATEX
(J.V. O'Brien) (4) & (5) The ram extruder is
preferred to the screw type
primarily because it is not prone to the high
abrasion
encountered when the latter extrudes tobacco/water
mixes.
Thus it is intended to continue development work
on ram
type alone. The main aspect is the amount of
energy in
the form of heat or mechanical work that must be
put into
the extrudate to give it adequate strength. To
induce more
mechanical work, plasticiser shear screws and
plates have c::)
U-1
been made. On the other hand, to increase the heat
energy
input to the material in the barrel, additional
barrel C7N
lengths are being made to provide residence times
up to
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia I
I November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 22 -
three times the present duration.
The twin manifold cast iron die head has now been
made
satisfactorily and is giving good results. Two
other die
heads have been made in which tungsten carbide
nozzles can
be used.
(J.V. O'Brien) (7) Desanding with the Canadian
Sieves.
The Canadian Sieves are being boxed in and will
shortly be
ready for testing with the Malayan waste materials
when
they arrive.
(J.V. O'Brien) (9) Extrusion of filaments through
rectangular nozzles made
from tungsten carbide has been carried out.
Several
disadvantages make this unattractive, (a) nozzle
cross
sectional dimensions requirements were not met by
the
manufacturers, (b) nozzle-shaped dies split at the
corners
of the rectangles during sintering of the tungsten
carbide,
and (c) manufacturing costs of the nozzle were
rather high.
(J.V. O'Brien) (10) The most attractive method
found to date for making
(P.J. Nicholl) nozzles of the correct dimensions
is the so-called shim
comb. This has the advantages of being cheap and
simple
to make, large numbers of filaments can be grouped
closely
together simplifying die design, and worn parts
can be
cheaply replaced. A further advantage is that more
complex
nozzle shapes can be made - such as tapering
slots.
(P.J. Nicholl) The filling power of this SCF BATEX
is being assessed on a
continuous basis.
(P.J. Nicholl) (12) The effect of addition of
Burley and Virginia stems
to the extrusion mixture has been under
investigation and (_T_
should be completed by the end of March. CrIl
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 23 -
5500 BATEX for Malaya
(P.J. Nicholl) (1) V.S/PCL has been re-assessed
for comparison with the BATEX
process (see 5201).
(P.J. Nicholl) (2) Further blends containing BATEX
will be made for colour
assessment when waste tobacco is received from
Malaya.
(P.J. Nicholl) (3) The effect of COWYL on BATEX
sheet is under investigation.
PROJECT 6000
6200 Introduction of COWYL and CONAIR to other
territories
(A.J.0. Thomson) (4) A series of experiments was
done to determine whether
the COWYL treatment of C.R.S. only - between par
drying
and joining the rag - gives a worthwhile
improvement in
filling power. The experiments showed that the
CONCYL
treatment had improved the filling power of the
C.R.S. by
between 6% and 12%. The filling power was
evaluated by
profile testing of cigarettes made from 100%
C.R.S.
A series of tests was then carried out In
Southampton Branch
comparing cigarettes, of which the C.R.S. fraction
had been
treated by COWYLI with cigarettes with their
C.R.S. fraction
of normal manufacture. The mean improvement in the
blend
of rag and C.R.S. over 20 tests was 1.4%. That
this is not
pro rata with the improvements found in R. & D.
with the
tests of C.R.S. alone may be due to one of the
many small
differences between the equipment used In R. & D.
and the
equipment used in Southampton Branch.
Since the improvement in filling power achieved in
Southampton
Branch was accompanied by no detectable.
difference in ends C2)
quality or appearance the process has been adopted
for normal QJ11
manufacture.
BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


- 24 -
Sketches have been provided to show the
modification
necessary to allow a similar treatment of C.R.S.
in thd
metering pipes at Liverpool Branch. Since the
Liverpool
and Southampton layouts differ, a series of tests
will have
to be done at Liverpool to see whether the result
of the
treatment is equally satisfactory.
(A.J.0. Thomson) (5) The collection of data is
complete for the summary
report on F.P.I. processes.
6300 Mentholatinq
(A.J.0. Thomson) (1) Two of the first batch of
rewinders for export have
(2)
(A.H. Wright) been tested and checked.
Samples of foil were supplied for packing
MATTERHORN - the
main mentholated brand exported from U.K. Foil
mentholated
on the rewinder has been accepted for normal
production.
Material is on order to allow a three months
supply for
Liverpool to be treated on the rewinder.
Samples of foil/tissue have been treated for
testing in-.'
Mexico.
A sample of foil/tissue from Venezuela is being
treated and
will be returned to Venezuela for test running.
6500 W.S. Process
(A.J.0. Thomson) (1) The first production package
unit consisting of feeder,
(A.H. Wright) Eirich Mill and collecting system
was assembled and tested.
The machinery suppliers had not, in several
instancess carried
out the modifications required. The modifications
were carried
out and the performance checked. The u.nit ran
satisfactorily CD
The equipment was also run by a pupil equipped
with the manuat-TI
for the process but with no other foreknowledge or
assistanceP"I
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


- 25 -
6600
(A.J.0. Thomson)
(A.H. Wright)
UNPROGRAMMED
(A.H. Wright)
An acceptable product was produced on the first
run. Some
useful suggestions for helping factories
Installing the
process have been adopted.
Two methods for removing the dust which escapes
from the
process have been tried out. Both are effective. A
description and drawings are now available for
users of the
process.
Introduction of Stem Conditionina in G.P.F.
(1) Production equipment for the conditioning of
stem in
a gravity pipe is being assembled.
It had previously been found that, in the air
drying of
untreated tobacco, filling power was improved by
increase
of dew point of the air up to as high as 1500F. It
has now
been shown that further improvement is obtainable
at dew
points up to 1750F. Changes in the rate of feed to
the
dryer in the ratio of about 2:1 had no detectable
effect
on filling power.
PATENTS
(Miss M.G. Ivinson) Patents of interest to the
various Research Projects have
been purchased. Lists of the abstracts of thesep
and the
remainder of our earlier purchases, have been
prepared
and, in most casess circulated. The circulation
list has
been expanded to include a further copy for B-A.T.
(Hamburg)
and two copies for Wiggins Teape.
C
The revision of the card index system has been
completed,
and a start made on a restricted Inventor-by-name
index
which will enable us to avoid undue replication of
equivalent-
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia I
I November 1999


- 26 -
Specifications.
NEW APPLICATIONS
Two Complete Specifications have been filed during
this
period; four new Provisional Applications have
been filed
and three are in course of preparation.
PATENTS GRANTED
U.K. AnDlication No. Title
13,953AO Centre Ventilated Cigarettes I
23,873/58 Air Drier I
17,071A2 Filamentary Reconstituted Tobacco
OFFICIAL ACTIONS
U.K. Aoolication No.
13,953AO
23,873/58
12,642/61
31,418/61
41,970/61
3,307/62
Countrv
Denmark
Germany
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
U.K.
U.K.
Finland
Germany
U.K.
179072/62
27,877/62
U.K.
Germany
Countrv Granted
U.S.A.
Brazil
Luxemburg, Spain,
Vietnam, Barbados.
Resoonse
Application Defended
Abandoned
Abandoned
Application Defended
Formal Amendments made
Application Defended
Application Defended
Application Defended
Application Defended
Information requested
supplied
No Official Report I5sued
Proceeding to Grant.
Appl'ication Defended
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


- 27 -
REPORTS ISSUED
During the period, the following reports were
issued:-
R. & D.E. REPORTS
Title No.
The taste and flavour of cigarette smoke Part I.
The isolation
and investigation of smoke fractions that enhance
the flavour of
cigarette smoke. RD.262-R.
The nature of water bonding in tobacco - vapour
pressure studies. RD.269-F
Batex process - Malaya Desanding of waste tobacco
- preliminary
considerations. RD.270-R
The polysaccharide analysis of six primings of
Canadian flue-
cured tobacco. RD.271-R
Continuous rapid cigarette drying. RD.272-R
Grey tobacco leaf Part X. Investigation of the
effect of
aluminium on greenhouse tobacco.- RD.273-F
Pigments of cured tobacco Part I. Reactions
between
chlorogenic acid, rutin and amino acids. RD.274-F
Effect of temperature rise on the firmness profile
Integrating
tester. FD.275-R
Grey tobacco leaf Part XI. Examination of some
Pakistan
tobacco soils. RD.276-F
The evaluation of tar and nicotine product
efficiencies of
Burleyp U.S. flue-cured and Rhodesian flue-cured
tobacco. RD.277-R
Extrusion of tobacco through rectangular dies.
RD.278-R
Grey tobacco leaf Part XII. The nutritional cause
of colour
differences in Indian flue-cured tobacco. RD .
279-F
Grey tobacco leaf Part XIII. Ionic competition
experiments
in South India. RD.280-F
The molecular weights of the principal
polysaccharldes
isolated from Canadian flue-cured tobacco. RD .
281 -F
Cigarettes, cigars and pipes Part III. Pipe smoke:
effect
of changing the shape of the pipe, RD.282-R
Benzo(a)pyrene in smoke: a further examination of
the smoke
from fermented tobacco. RD.283-R
Aroma control prccesses. RD.285-R
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Colurnbia
11 Novernber 1999


- 28
Title No.
LABORATORY REPORTS
Some observations on flue-cured tobacco samples
from Brazil. L.109-F
Batex in cigarettes. L.110-R
Examination of filters from Saratogas Paxton and
Montclair cigarettes. L.112-R
Evaluation of cigarettes containing Batex. L.113-R
Examination of air-cured tobaccos from Sierra
Leone
Swamp land. L.114-F
Examination of the smoke from Black Prince shag
tobacco. L.115-R
Electron microscopy of smoke particles. L.117-R
Comparison of S.C.L. and R. & D.E. methods for the
determination of triacetin and polyethylene
glycol. L.116-F
ENGINEERING REPORTS
Prepacked pipe-fills E.36-R
Comparative performances of tobacco cutting
machines
Molins Mark 1 and Mark 4, and Legg Millicutter
Minor
Mark 2. E.38-F
U-1
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


- 29 -
STAFF
The changes in the Staff during the quarter were
made up as followss-
At 31.12.63 At 31.3.64
Staff employed 181 184*
Less resignations pending 2 1
179 183
Staff recruited but not yet
employed 1 1 +
Staff planned transfer, not
yet effective 4 -
Outstanding vacancies a 8
Establishment 192 192*
* Includes transfer of 2 to undertake smoke work
for T.R.C.
+ Technical Supervisor
Staff Additions (7)
Miss S.L. Crossley
Miss E.A. Kinch
Miss J.M.R. Linnington
Graduate Chemist
Laboratory Assistant Transferred from
Southampton Branch
for T.R.C. smoke
work.
H. Curtis
D. Forster
W. Knowles
W.J. Sillence
Resianations (1)
J.A.J. Goode
Resicnations Pendinq (1)
J.V. O'Brien
Fitter
Fitter
Fitter
Carpenter
Laboratory Assistant
Engineer
01 \
Transferred from
Southampton Branch.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


- 30 -
Retirement (I)
S.R. Chown Technical Supervisor
Outstanding vacancies are made up as follows:-
5 Graduates
3 Assistants
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


- 31 -
VISITORS
During the quarter there were 124 visitors to R. &
D.E. In addition
to regular B-A.~. visitors, these included:-
Mr. Ahern Molins Machine Co.
Mr. P.R. Austen Canada
Mr. Bales Millbank
Mr. R.A. Bown Nigeria
Mr. R.A.S. Borland Millbank
Mr. B. Burnett I T.Go. Bristol
Mr. K. Buckle I.T.Co. Bristol
Mi. F.W. Chilvers Millbank
Mr. J.A. Cheatham Wiggins Teape & Co.
M:r. P.V. Clarke Hong Kong
Mr. Dingli Molins Machine Co.
Mr. J.W. Drummond Millbank
Mr. D.R. Davies S.C.L. Liverpool
Mr. Ferguson B-A.T. Liverpool
Mr. W. George Celanese Corp. U.S.A.
Mr. F.W. Gilbert Millbank
Mr. V. Harvey Molins. Machine Co.
Mr. J.C. Hosgood Millbank
Mr. H.A. Hardy Chile
Professor Hill - London
Mr. J.B. Hewett Ibadan, Nigeria
Mr. G.Harris Pittsburgh Chemical Co.
Mr. Iles I.T.Co. Bristol
Herr Lorenz B-A.T. Hamburg
Miss Low Wiggins Teape & Co.
NJ
Ul
BATCO document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999


32 -
Mr. D. Liu Malaya
Mr. A.S.H. Lukalo, Nairobi
Mr. T.M. Leon Holland
Mr. J.R. Lyne-Watts Nairobi
Mr. M.J. Marsh Wiggins Teape & Co.
Prof. W.G. Mayneord London
Dr. Marais Rustenburg T.R.S., S. Africa
Mr. North Molins Machine Co.
Mr. M.B. Pelley I.T.Co. Bristol
Mr. Prince National Coal Board
Mr. M.D.L. Rome U.T.Cos. (South) Ltd., S. Africa
Mr. 1. Robinson Brazil
Mr. E.H. Rawlinson Millbank
Dr. Schultz B-A.T. Hamburg
Mr. H. Speers Jamaica
Dr. Skinner National Coal Board
Prof. Turner London
Mr. J. Tovey I.T.Co.Bristol
Dr. Wescott I.T.Co.Bristol
Mr. Wright I.T.Co.Bristol
Mr. P. Wayo Nigeria
Dr. J. Whitehead T.R.C., London.
C::5
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BATCO document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 11
November 1999


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BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 11
November 1999