QUARTERLY REPORT
JANUARY - MARCH 1962
COMPILED BYs D.G. Felton
I.W. Hughes
F. Haslam
ISSUED BY: S.J. Green
DISTR IBUTION i
Copy No. 1 - Master
2 - File 68
3 - D.S.F. Hobson Esq.9
4 - Sir Charles Ellis.
5 - H.D. Anderson Esq.
6 - Librarv
Copy No. 7 - T.M. Wade Jnr. Esq.
8 - L.C. Laporte Esq.
9 - W.W. Reid Esq.
10- E.C. Fieldsend Esq.
11- G. Simpson Esq.
COPY No.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
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Research & Development Establishment,
British-American Tobacco Co.Ltd.,
Southampton.
SJG/IJB/68 17th April, 1962.
QUARTERLY REPORT
January - March 1962
PROJECT 1000 GENERAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
1100 Analytical
(Miss C.W. Ayers) (1) The method for the
estimation of glycerol Is being
(6)
extended to cover total polyols (i.e. ethylene and
propylene
glycols) in collaboration with S.C.L. (Liverpool).
Wh9n the
draft of the modified method is satisfactory to
both Southampton
and Liverpool, the check test on tobacco samples
prepared at
Liverpool will comnence.
(4) A method has been developed for the
quantitative
estimation of the individual sugars in Tobacco.
Basically it
depends on a paper chromatographic separation
(developer butanols
pyridines water - 10:30) of an aqueous extract of
tobacco which
has been clarified with carbon. The sluted sugar
concentration
is determined by the Somogyi titrimetric method.
The method is
now being used to determine sugars in various
tobaccos and in smoke.
(5) The method of estimating chlorogenic acid and
rutin has been
used to analyse
(a) various commercial tobaccos
(b) experimental samples from Rajamundry
(c) smoke samples
(d) laminat CRS and PCL samples
A report is in preparation.
(7) A ~.4ferpnce catalogue of infra-red and
ultra-violet
spectra Is being prepared. To datet spectra of
fifty
six compounds have been determined and classified.
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(8) Preliminary experiments using a modified steam
distillation procedure, developed by I.T. Co.
(Canada),
for separating other bases from nicotine, have
shown
considerable promise. Work is continuing and
various
tobacco and smoke samples are being examined.
(9) Preliminary experiments have been started in
an effort
to develop a method for the qualitative and
quantitative
estimation of organic acids in tobacco and smoke.
(10) As a result of a query regarding a corrosion
problem
In Kuala Lumpur, a sample of condensate has
recently arrived
at R. & D.E. Analysis of the condensate has been
undertaken.
ROUTINE ANALYTICAL SERVICE
This Involves a full time service for Karl Fischer
estimations, metals, ash, silica, nicotine,
sugars, uronic
acids, tart etc.9 and is reported under the
individual
projects concerned.
Samples supplied for the collaborative test for
potassium
and chloride estimations organised by the
Analytical Methods
Committee of the Tobacco Chemists' Conference have
been
analysed. The results have been sent to Dr.C.L.
Ogg
(Chairman of the Committee).
1200 Tobacco
(Miss M.G. Ivinson) (1) Blend Analysis - The
necessary apparatus has been
purchased and trial Identification experiments
started,
mainly along the lines of separating various
lamina types.
CDC
r,_
::Dr-
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(Miss C.W. Ayers) (2) Boxer tobacco - Samples of
this tobacco plus a suitable
control have been received from South Africa. Work
has
commenced attempting to find the casing/flavouring
materials
which may have been added to the Boxer tobacco.
1300 Cioarettes
(ML5s M.G. Ivinson) (1) No work has been done, as
a supply of E60 and Celanese
process filter rods are not available.
(2) Two further samples of filter rods for
Australia were
evaluated and the results reported to Purchasing
Department.
No further work Is planned.
'.I. Ayre5) (3) The effects of changes in
atmospheric pressure on smoke
yield have been examined and reported (L.47-F). No
further
work Is planned along these linesq
1400 Process Research & DevelODment
(A.W. Cronshaw) The work for L.W.J. Milton on the
BvA.T. Interpretation
of the Factories (Ionising Radiations) Regulations
was completed.
As part of an examination of experimental
procedure for
measuring pressure drop the pressure drop of 200
filter rods was
measured and the results reported internally.
Laboratory Report
No. L.42-F "Examination of Low Density Australian
Cigarettes"
was Issued.
PROJECT 2000 TOBACCOt RELATION OF CONSTITUENTS AND
PROPERTIES Of
TOBACCO TO THE QUALITIES OF LEAF AND SMOKE AND TO
AGRICULTURAL AND AIRING PROCESSES
2010 Waterloo - Part IV.
(D.G. Felton) The analytical investigations of the
samples continues.
(M.G. Ivinson) The programme was badly delayed
owing to the late arrival of
the representative samples of Rhodesian flue-cured
leaf.
C_
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Samples of cigarettes for taste evaluation war*
distributed to Louisville, ?AontTeal, Sydney and
Johannesburg,
as well as within R. & D.E. An attempt Is to be
made to
correlate chemical analyses of tobaccos and their
smokes with
descriptions of physiological effect and taste of
the smokes,
and results from the different centres are now
beginning to be
received.
2020 Grey Tobacco
D.J. Wood) (1) A report on samples of leaf from
field trials in India
. Comber)
R
(Miss C.W. Ayers) has been drafted and will
shortly be issued. Application of
sodium chloride and potassium chloride to the soil
increased
the chlorine content of the leaf and Induced a
certain amount
of greyness.
(2) The report on the fIrst greenhouse crop grown
In 1961
has been issued.
(3) Analysis of leaf samples from the second
greenhouse crop,
19619 has continued. Storage at controlled
humidity still
awaits the arrival of equipment; as yet the leaf
shows none of
the characteristics associated with grey tobacco
in spite of
Its very high chlorine content.
(4) The work on pigment formation in tobacco is in
abeyance.
(5) Examination of grey tobacco samples from
Pakistan has
commenced. These differ in several Important
respects from
any previous samples of grey tobacco examined at
the R. and D.E.
In particular they are comparatively low In
chlorine but very
high in aluminium. and Iron.
(Z
cc
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(6) Seed for the first greenhouse crop, 1962, has
germinated
and the seedlings will be planted out shortly. The
effect
of a high Iron level In the nutrient solution
combined with
a high sodium chloride content will be
Investigated.
2030 Preservatives for Raq Tobacco
(1.W. Hughes) This project is now closed. In
summary, the A246 was
effective at 0.07%, but the cost of the material
has
prohibited Its use.
2040 Nature of Water Bondinq
(R.G. Hook) (1) Some progress has been made using
the multiple re-drying
technique, but the nature of the experiments tends
to make the
progress slow.
(2) Differential Thermal Analysis apparatus is
being made.
(3) Using the thermogravimetric balance, attempts
are being
made to obtain information concerning the
activation energy
required for release of water from tobacco.
(4) Calorimatric measurements have been made on
CN100 lamina
nd CRS at different moisture levels. The results
suggest that
:
he method is not very promising for measuring the
energies of
binding of water In tobacco. It should, however,
be possible
to calculate these energies from observations of
the vapour
pressureAemperatur* relations Of tobaccos at
different moisture
content.
(5) Deuterium oxide exchange is being considered
as another
possible technique for answering the problem of
water binding.
It is intended to write a report recommending
possible
experimental approaches.
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2050 Gas Interchanoe
(I.W. Hughes) (1) An apparatus to enable tobaccos
to be treated under
pressure with gases and vapours has been
construtted.
Some trial runs with oxygen have not proved very
successful
as a meant of changing the burn characteristics of
the
tobacco. Using various organic vapoursp e.g.
alcohols,
the taste of the smoke from cigarettes containing
the
treated tobacco appeared to have altered somewhat.
(R. Comber) (2) A report on oxygen absorption byq
and carbon dioxido
release from, tobacco is In course of preparation.
Both
absorption and release can be demonstrated at all
stages
of primary manufacture, the rates increasing with
temperature,
moisture content and air movement. More gas is
exchanged
when tobacco Is cut than when whole.
2060 Fermentation of Tobacco
(D.J. Wood) (1) The survey of published literature
on tobacco fermentation
(Miss A.M. Delamore)
has been completed and a report issued.
PROJECT 3100 CIGARETTE DESIGNt FACTORS AFFECTIW3
THE FORMATION OF SMOKE
3100 Characterisation nf Tobacco as a Smoke
Producer
(C.I. Ayres) (1/3) The study of the contribution
of lamina, stem and PCL,
I.G. Horsewell)
and of repyrolysis has been divided Into two
partst (I) tar
and nicotine (il) 3,4 benzpyrene.
Part 1 has been completed and reported (RD.189-R).
The work for Part II is continuing.
(.M.G. Ivinson) (2) The report (RD.177-R) on the
effects of strand width
(A.W. Cronshaw)
of lamina has been Issued.
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(M.G. Ivinson) (4) The study of the Influence of
strand width of CRS on
(A.W. Cronshaw)
moke production Is progressing satisfactorily.
Difficulties
:
rose when attempts were made to cut CRS at
approximately
40 c.p.i., nevertheless sufficient samples were
available.
The firmness of these cigarettes was measured on
the firmness
profile integrating tester.
(M.G. Ivinson) (5) The study of the effect of
cigarette circumference on
moke production has been startedl cigarettes have
been made
:overing
a circumference range of 23-27 mm.
(M.G. Ivinson) (6) The study of the effect of puff
parameters has been
started; the variables being employed are puff
velocity
from 8 to 20 ml./sec. and puff duration from one
to three
seconds.
(C.I. Ayres) (7) "Operation Nightingale" - The
experimental work is in
the early stages and as yet no conclusions can be
drawn.
3120 Studv of Pioes. Cloars and Cicarettes
(C.I. Ayres) (1) The experimental work is
virtually completed and a
(H.G. Horsewell)
report Is In preparation. Briefly, it can be
concluded
that the benzpyrene/tar ratios for cigar and pipe
tobaccos
In the cigarette form agree with the cigarette
tobacco
cigarettes. This supports the earlier conclusion
that the
mechanics of pipe smoking, rather than the tobacco
Itself,
controls the higher benzpyrene production.
(2) No work has been started on the effect of
shapes and
types of pipes on amok* yield.
Ur7
-r~l
NJ
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(3) No further work has been done on the effect of
non-
porous combustible and non-combustible wrappers.
Supplies
of different porosity papers (from 0-350 B-A.T.
units of
porosity) have been requested.
(4) Work has not yet started on the smoke
production from
tobacco treated by different leaf processes.
3130 The Characteristics of the Combustion
Processes
(R.G. Hook) (1) (5)
A report has been drafted on the single
thermocouple
measurements of temperature profile. This has
allowed the
construction of a crude profile of the various
heat zones which
account for the composition of smoke.
The purchase of the U.V. recorder (rapid r85ponse
0.01 sees.)
has enabled a time-temperature graph at three
points in a
cigarette to be made simultaneously. This, It is
believed,
will give a more accurate distance - temperature
profile within
a cigarette.
From the crude thermal profile the effects of heat
on
tobacco under inert and oxidising conditions are
also being
examined using the thermobalance, to aid the
definition
of the smoke producing zones.
(Miss M.G. IvInson) (2) The analysis of results
obtained from carbon monoxide/
dioxide measurements Is still incomplete. No
further
experimental work has yet been undertaken.
(J.D. Backhurst) (3) Following the completion of
the smoulder rate experiments
(RO.172-F) the efforts were transferred to an
assessment of
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
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- 9 -
side and mainstream smoke. The Initial emphasis
has
been an obtaining a nicotine balance, and results
so far
obtained show that for total smoulder,
approximately 56%
is recovered in the side stream smokep whereas
under a
puffing regime (2 puffs per minute) the recovery
(both main
and side stream smoke) is increased to 75%. These
results,
together with some preliminary "tar" measurements,
are
indicating the respective efficiencies of the
burning
processes during puffing and smouldering.
(Miss M.G. Ivinson) (4) No work has been done, on
the effects of puff profile,
(K.D. Kilburn)
mainly due to the demands on Job 3314.
3140 The Effects of Additives
(Miss M.G. Ivinson) The first report on the
addition of such materials
s chalk and charcoal is now completed. Of the
materials
xamined, charcoal provides the most efficient
quantitative
:
reduction of tar (using the microtar technique).
It is now
planned to study various particle sizes and
degrees of
activation.
3150 Transfer and Pyrolvtic Processes
(S.R. Evelyn) (1) A preliminary study of the
release of nicotine from
paper cigarettes is being carried out. It was
first
necessary to slow the combustibility of the paper
cigarette
and this was achieved by the addition of sugar and
salt
mixtures. By this means, the number of puffs
required to burn
a given length has been Increased from 2-3 to
10-11. Various
nicotine salts have been loaded on to the model
cigarettes which
CD
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
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10 -
were smoked. It would appear that the quantity of
nicotine
released Is dependent upon the efficiency of
loading the
cigarettes evenly, and therefore makes
interpretation of the
results difficult.
(2) The release of nicotine by dry distillation
has been
studied over an Increased temperature range (to
35CPC)
using a lurnace, which has been designed to
eliminate ter
formation for a variety of tobaccos and nicotine
salts.
While the release from nicotine chlorogenate Is
very similar
to that from flue-cured tobaccol there is no
apparent
correlation between the dry distillation release
and the
chlorogenic acid content of the tobacco.
(3) Work has been delayed on the rate studies of
release
and decomposition of nicotine until the
construction of a
vitreosil apparatus and modification of the gas
chromatographic
equipment has been completed.
(H.G. Horse,ell) (4) A method for the
determination of scopoletin In tobacco
and smoke has been developed. This method Is now
being applied
to main and side stream smoke to determine whether
or not the
transfer efficiency differs from that of nicotine.
3160 Develooment of Smokinq Enalne
(N.E. Willis) (1) and (2) No further development
of the smoking engine has
taken place other than the work on free and
restricted smoking.
(N.E. Willis) (3) The special solenoids and
Cambridge Filter holders are now
(C.I. Ayres)
complete and special six channel face cam for
timing their operation
Is being made. The apparatus when complete will
permit a further
study of the effects of "free" and restricted
smoking.
c_::)
C=)
CC)
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3170 Weiaht of material burnt In a puff
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) The beta ray equipment was
tested in its standard
condition and was used for some studies of the
performance
of cigarette making machines.
(I.W. Hughes) (2) The use of X-rays for measuring
the weight of
tobacco burnt in a puff is being investigated in
Professor
Mayneord's Laboratories in Surrey.
PROJECT 3200 CIGARETTE DESIGNt MODIFICATION OF
SMOKE AFTER FORMATION
3210 Goetz Investioation
(J.D. Backhur5t) (118) The investigation has been
changed somewhat, In that
the Goetz Is at present being used to examine the
smoke from
pipes. Preliminary results show that the smoke
particle
size distribution is very similar to that from
cigarettes.
A study of the aging of smoke has also been
commenced, and the
xperiments so far carried out suggest that the
mean Stokes
:
Iameter of smoke increases from 0.411 to 0.6~L -
0.7~L after a
standing period of 5 minutes.
Other applications of the Goetz apparatus have
been delayed
somewhat due to structural alterations in the
laboratory.
3220 Mechanical Filtration
,"Miss M.G.Ivinson) (1) The Investigation of new
surfaces has been temporarily
suspended.
(2) The calibration of various tobaccos as a
filter media
has been completed and reported (L.43-F)
(3) No progress can be reported on the
modification of filter
urfaces mainly owing to non-availability of
sufficiently
:nteresting materials such as P.V.O.M.
CD
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(4) The first part of the examination of the
retention
of water by filters has been completed. Briefly,
the
results show firstly that the coefficient of
retention (1q)
for water of both cellulose acetate and paper
filters is
higher than that for tar and nicotine and,
secondly, that
as would be expected paper Is a more efficient
remover of
water than Is cellulose acetate.
It is now planned to continue the study which is
being
broadened to Include water release during the
smoking of a
cigarette.
(5) There is nothing to report on the study of the
re-evaporation of smoke condensate.
3230 Selective Removal of Vancurs
(1-3)
(Miss M.G.IvInson) The initial troubles obtained
with valves designed to
sample 5moke before and after the filter have been
corrected.
It Is now planned to start work on the evaluation
of various
materials as vapour removers.
3240 ;ffects of TeMDerature on !-moke
(R.G. Hook) (1) All preliminary experiments on the
effects of
temperature on the particulate phase have been
completed.
The results are being combined with those from
project 3131
in a report which Is being drafted.
(K.D. Kilburn) (2) Using capillary chromatography
for compounds boiling up
to 1180C, it has been shown that heating smoke up
to 570 0C
does not alter qualitatively the vapour phase
composition.
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This may mean that the unpleasant small and taste
which
occur when smoke is re-evaporated Is due to
changes In
the higher boiling vapours or changes in the
particulate
phase producing unpleasant higher boiling vapours.
(C.I. Ayres) (3) The investigation of changes in
filter efficiency
with temperature is showing some interesting
resultst 9.9.
a 15 mm. Myria f Ilter heated to 1500C removes
approximately
40% of tar, but only 6% of the nicotine from the
smoke*
This observation Is being pursued vigorously.
3250 Effects of Ions on Smoke
'J.D. Backhurst) (1) This work has been completed,
and has shown that smoking
In an ionised atmosphere does not alter the tar
and nicotine
yield. This is understandable when It is realised
that the
cigarette produces its own ionic field during
burning.
PROJECT 3300 THE MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING TASTE &
FLAVOUR
A considerable portion of the work projected under
3300 has been delayed due to CompounS A analyses.
3310 Analysis of Smoke with respect to Fie-!our
Conwunds
(K.D. Kilburn) (1) Some preliminary separation of
the carbonyl compounds
(H. Dymond)
in smoke was carried out and the infra-red spectra
measured.
It has been possible to identify 99% by weight of
the CL
fraction.
(2) Several chromatographic systems were tested
for the
separation of the base fraction of cigarette
smoke. None
was completely satisfactory.
(3) There is nothing to report on the isolation of
pure samples
of tobacco aroma compounds.
C=)
c0
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(4) A series of analyses has been carried out an
various
samples of Compound A. In sumary the work has
shown that
samples contained a number of Impurities and that
the main
compound represents approximately 60 - 70% of the
sample.
Report L.44-R has been issued; and the final
report on
the stability of compound A Is In preparation.
3320 Mechanism of the Release of Volatile Flavour
Comoonents,
K.D. Kilburn) (1) The work on hosting tobacco In
gas streams has been
H. Dymond)
~
delayed, because of projects 3314 and 3324.
(2) The contribution of repyrolysis to flavour has
been
examined in two ways.
(a) Using a cigarette an a filter. a number of
cigarettes were smoked through it. The loaded
cigarette
thus obtained was then itself smoked and the
vapour phase
examined. Qualitatively there is little difference
between
the vapour phases from normal and smoke-loaded
cigarettes.
(b) Tar was collected on a nichrome wire and then
burnt.
Analysis of the vapour phase composition showed
that it
changed depending upon the temperature used to
ID,:zn the tar.
(3) Studies on the correlation of yield of
volatile materials
to the burning of the tobacco in a cigarette are
continuing.
So far It has been shown that the vapour
concentration
Increases with puff number and that contributions
due to
filtration and re-evaporation may be negligible
factors. From
a consideration of these factors, a rough product
efficiency
value has boon calculated for the vapour
generation by a lamina
(MF2E) cigarette.
CDO
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(4) Preliminary work has been started for the
collaborative experiments with Louisville on the
Reynolds
additives. A column for the separation of Ca - C13
aliphatic monocarboxylic acids has been prepared.
3330 To establish a Chemical basis for sensory
tests
(K.D. Kilburn) (1) The first series of smoking
tests has been completed
on the effects of additions of compounds present
in smoke to
cigarettes. A report is In preparation which
indicates that
some of the additives are detectable and that the
threshhold
level of detection varies with the type of
additive. Generally,
however, the threshhold level is More than ten
times the ordinary
concentration of the compound in smoke.
(2) For the compounds tested, it has not been
possible to
develop a scale of acceptability, since in general
they have not
been considered pleasant.
3340 To e3tablish a techniaue for assessina the
taste and
flavour of whole smoke.
(D.E. Conway) (1) The strength tests on various
commercial and single
(A M. Del8MOTe)
et al grade cigarettes have been completed. The
results were of
sufficient Interest to warrant a repeat series of
tests.
These have also been completed and are b0ng
analysed.
The working party is now attempting a description
of
cigarette flavour, using American blended
cigarettes.
PROJECT 4100 PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT&
PRIMARY
4100 Primary Process Research
(S.J. Green) (1) A collection of some Production
Cost data has been made
(A.J.0. Thomson)
(F. Haslam) 3nd this is awaiting more detailed
study and classification.
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(2),(3)& (4)
J.W.H. Segar) Further tests have been carried out
in connection with
A.VJ. Cronshaw)
~
(E.B. Wilkes) the Green Threshing experiments
using Leaf and Lamina from
Canadlan and U.S.A. origin.
The Canadian series comprising a comparative test
from
each of the grades CE&CH available were processed
with par
dried C.R.S. added back to the cut rag prior to
drying.
These operations were followed with three
comparative tests
cairled out on each of the U.S.A. (Western) Grades
EBsX.2
and S.7 in which two tests from each grade had
C.R.S. added
back while in the third no C.R.S. was
Incorporated.
Sample cigarettes have been made from each test
for
careful assessment and a composite report will be
issued In
due course covering the complete range of
Rhodesian, Canadian
and U.S.A. tobaccos used in the experiments.
(Miss C.W. Ayres) The nitrogen nicotine and sugar
contents of all the
green threshed tobacco (Rhodeslan, Canadian and
U.S.) and
corresponding grades Of tied leaf have also been
analysed.
Smoke analysis (tar and nicotine) has also been
carried out.
Sensory difierence smoking tests are also being
carried
out.
A considerable proportion of R. & D.E. effort has
been
taken up by this work in the past quarter and some
projected
work has been hold up for several months.
P.J. Nicholl) (5) A study is being carried out of
the various stages in
~I.W. Hughes)
primary manufacture at which loss from tobacco may
occur.
It is planned to produce a programme of work for
consideration.
co
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
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4110 Tobacco Flow Problems
(D.S. Goodfellow) (2) A preliminary report has
been issued which describes
and discusses a proposed modified form of making
machine
feed, the basic features of which are aimed to be
simplicity
and ability to handle a variety of blends.
Experimental work has been carried out on two
forms of
conveyor.
(a) A fluidization system.
(b) A Fishlow-Hapman conveyor.
The results of these tests are In course of
analysis.
(F. Haslam) (3) Experimental work on the Merchen
Weighing Conveyor has
been completed satisfactorily and a report Is In
course of
preparation.
(N.E. Wilits) (4) The South African Load Cell
Weighing Conveyor has been
completed but testing will be delayed by the long
delivery
of the pneumatic control equipment.
(A.H. Wright) 05) A Modified Pin Feeder is being
designed and a series of
(C.W. Ayers)
experiments Is being carried out to determine
whether the C.R.S.
distribution in cut tobacco can be assessed by
means of nicotine
nalyses.
4120 :rimary Process Develovment (ad hoc)
(S.A. Grew) (2) Chromium (13%) stainless steel
sprayed stem rolls are
(A.J.0. Thomson)
now being Installed In the Southampton Branch
Factory. This
will facilitate a triple comparison test between
these rolls
and rolls with 18/8 stainless steel RTD cladding
also in
Southampton and rolls "Metallised" with 18/8
stainless steel in
Liverpool. Weight loss measurements in connection
with
Beryllium-Copper scrapers are also in hand.
cc
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(D.S. Goodfellow) (3) It was decided at a meeting
held in R. & D. with
Southampton Branch representatives that the
Microcell
Limited proposals for the Southampton Branch
Automatic 94ip
Filler were the most attractive. Final technical
details of
this unit have been Ironed out and an amended
quotation to
accommodate a higher throughput and some further
modifications
h b
obtained. A final specification is awaited but
this
5
en
o
:
i:
no h lding up the general progress.
4130 Basic Study of Tobacco Cuttina
~N.E- Willis) (1) & (2) Following the completion
of experimental work on
(F. Haslam)
the Molins Mark 1 and Mark 3 cutting machines it
has been
agreed to modify an existing Mark 1 machine to
meet the demand
of this work. Design work Is now well In hand with
the aim
of providing the machine with Independently
variable cutting
head r.p.m. and cheese velocity and hydraulically
adjusted cheese
pressuret and fabrication will follow.
(F. Haslam) (3) Further investigations have been
carried out into the
differences between Molins Mark I and Mark 3
cutting machines in
terms of the filling power of the cut tobacco.
These have been
reported in report No. RD.194 and support the
earlier findings.
4140 Stem Processina
(J.V. O'Brien) (1) A report has been written
covuring the preliminary testing
of the Eirich Mill for the shredding of stem. The
main
difficulties &rising in this Process are (a) the
resinous deposit
on the grinding plates and (b) rather high losses
in the form of
winnowings and dust. The filling power of the
product appeared
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 11 -
to be considerably higher than conventional C.R.S.
but
this effect was not found when blended with rag.
(A.H. Wright) (3) A single experiment has so far
been carried out in which
undried C.R.S. ex cutters and lamina were Jointly
fed to the
air drying plant. Drying appeared to be quite
satisfactory
and there was no Increase in spotting observed in
cigarettes
made from the tobacco. This work will be
continued.
(J-V. O'Brien) (4) The winnowings recovery plant,
the Eirich Mill (Model SF.9)
and Its associated pips, feed and collection
system, have been
shipped to Geneva for factory trials on Geneva and
Vautier
winnowings. During these trials it was found that
by removing
rag from the winnowings in the air classIfying
section of a
Formator, a conalderably improved performance was
obtained from
the Mill. The product was similar to C.R.S. but
slightly shorterl
It was considered suitable for blending with rag
for cigarettes.
One test was carried out on winnowings from
Vautier Freres,
Grandson. These were not cleared of rag and the
result was poor.
More tests should be done to determine whether
this process can be
applied to the Vautier winnowings. Report No.
RD.195-R covers the
complete process.
(A.J.0. Thomson) (5) Chilean stems can be darkened
by passing them through a pipe
feeder into which steam is Injected. Possibly a
water spray
will be needed prior to the pipe. In the pipe the
stems are
raised to 20CPF and on exit they are collected for
four hours
bulking. After this they are raised to rolling
moisture and
processed In the normal fashion.
C--
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 20 -
(D.J. Wood) Optimum conditions for darkening stem
are also being.
examined in the laboratory, using the same
technique as in
the kinetic study of darkening in the manufacture
of PCL.
The work is nearing completion.
PROJECT 4200 PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT -
SECONDARY AND PACKING
4210 Ciqarette Makina
(A.W. Cronshaw) Report No. RD.173-F "Examination
of the Cyclone Dust in
the Mark 8 M.C.M." has been issued.
A
Vl. Cronshaw) (1) Diaries on the High Speed Mark 8
M.C.M. OM.18258 are being
:
J W.H. Segar)
~
(N.E. Willis) Issued at Intervals. These diaries
report the mechanical and
operating performance of the machine.
The testing (of the prototype High Speed Mark 91
M.C.M.) has
",
,
T
I
-
V
continued. Some modifications have been fitted at
Molins'
request and their effect upon performance
examined. To
facilitate these modification trials a new system
of proposal
nd reporting has been Introduced. This should
enable a more
ystematic assessment of the machine modifications
to be made and
:
facilitate the reporting on them to Molins Machine
Co.Ltd.
A report (RD. No. 199-R) on the comparative
operating costs
of the Mark 5 and Mark 8 Cigarette Machines has
been written.
(N.E. Willis) (3) The Introduction of
instrumentation of the cigarette making
machine has been started. Apparatus for the first
group of
measurements is on order or under construction.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (4) An examination was made of the
firmness of cigarettes
produced on the High Speed Mark 3 at 1,000 c.p.m.
and 2,000 c.p.m.
No difference was found,-so that the consistent
improved firmness
~-7
C-
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 21 -
of the cigarettes produced by this machine
compared to the
original Mark 8 is not simply due to the speed
Increase.
Experimental work on Mark 8 degradation has been
completed and
a report issued.
N.E. Willis) 5) The Molins 585 Cigarette Making
Machine has been delivered
J.W.H. Segar)
~
(A.W. Cronshaw) to R. & D.E. and its installation
is complete. A programme of
tests is being drawn up and a preliminary report
should be
available within 6-8 weeks.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (6) An examination was made of the
firmness of cigarettes made
on the Mark 8s in Southampton Branch. An interim
internal
report was issued and Indicated possible large
variations. This
work is in abeyance because of pressure of other
work.
4230 Modified Cloarettes
(D.S. Goodfellow) (2) In connection with the
production of hollow mouthpiece
cigarettes, trials have been conducted with a hot
melt glue
extruder on loan from National Adhesivesq Slough.
These were
partially successful and the extruder nozzle is
being redesigned.
The main effort, however, Is being concentrated on
the use of
heat sealing papers by S. Jones and Polythene
coated papers by
Telcon Plastics. These form the backing paper and
outside cover.
Grea5eproof paper Is used for the corrugated
Insert for its
stiffness and rapid heat transfer properties.
Acceptable plugs
have been made at a rate of 200 per minute - a
target of 600 per
minute Is aimed at. Work Is at present restricted
awaiting
further supplies of coated paper. Deliveries of
these are
generally good. The first R. & D. progress report
will be Issued
and it is expected that sample batches of
cigarettes will be to
hand shortly.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 22-
4240 Ciqarotte Handlinq
(F. Haslam) (1) A complete patent specification
for the pneumatic conveying
system for cigarettes has been crepared and
submitted.
4250 Packaolno
S.J. Green) (1) Since the measurement of water
vapour parmeabilities
S.A. Higgs)
~
of packing materials will be Important, a serits
of humidity
vessels has been devised. The range of humidity is
provided
by saturated salt solutions. An ioproved form of
vapometer
has also been designed which will facilitate
permeability
measurement. A survey of the literature on this
subject Is
also in hand which will be of value In programming
future research.
PROJECT 4400 QUALITY CONTROL DEVELOPMENT
4410 Particle Size Analysis
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) The Assessment of the Canadian
sieves was held up by
shortage of staff but is now in progress.
(N.2. IN111is) (2) The Wiggins Teape visual
counter has been delayed owing to
late delivery of components. It ts now complete
and testing can
start immediately.
(J.D. Backhurst) (3) The usefulness of the Flying
Spot Particle Resolvers made
by Rank CIntel Ltd.9 has been examined and one
will be purchased
by R. & D.E.
(J.V. O'Brien) (4) An alutriator has been built to
see if It is possible to
obtain a separation of rag and winnowings. Sons
modifications
in the design have held up the practical work.
4420 Ends Test Equipment
(A.W. Cronsha~) (1) The I.T. Ca. Ends Tester Mark
3 was used quite extensively
In the assessment of ends firmness of cigarettes.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 28-
"30 ClQarette Weloht Monitors
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) The results obtained with the
Molins Analyser on the
Branch Cigarette Making Machines were reported at
Intervals.
As a result of the variations found between
machines Molina
arranged for their Engineers to improve the
performance of
the Branch machines.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (2) The Solartron computor was
returned to the suppliers and
was completely rebuilt by them because of Its
unsatisfactory
condition. The computor has been returned to us
and we are
awaiting the handing over after re-installation.
4440 Development of Laboratorv Tests
(A.W. Cronshaw) (1) A report has yet to be written
on the A.M. & F. Cigarette
Comparator.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (2) A.M. & F. supplied an
electronic cigarette weigher for test
and this was given a very thorough test during the
sorting of
cigarettes for another project.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (3) Some work has been don* on the
building of suitable
equipment to measure the pressure drop of a column
of tobacco.
(N.E. Willis) (4) Two standards for the F.P.I.T.
have been produced and the
Initial checking carried out. The results to date
are
encouraging and at present they are being used for
a daily
calibration of the F.P.I.T. units used at R. &
D.E. Six further
standards are under construction.
(N.E. Willis) (5) An experimental Hydrostatic
Firmness Tester Is almost
complete, and It is expected that tests on the
unit will b*
started within the next few weeks-
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- A -
4450 Sensory Difference Testina
(Miss M.G. Ivinson) The Sensory Difference test is
now established as a
routine in the main building. Results are reported
under
the relevant projects.
PRWECT 4500 INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT
4510 Installed Moisture Meterina EaulDment
(A.E. Yallup) (3) The suppliers of the Kappa
Continuous Moisture Meter
are hoping to provide a unit for test In R. & D.E.
within
the next two months.
.A.E. Yallup) (4) Electrodes for the Plessey
Continuous Moisture Meter are
being fabricated and the design and construction
of the meter
for use with the measuring electrodes is almost
complete.
(A.E. Yallup) (5) The development of the
continuous pipe feeder/moisture meter
is continuing with the redesign of the electrode
system.
4520 Sample Testina Moisture Meters
(A.E. Yallup) (1) A redesigned Kappa moisture
meter has been demonstrated at
R. & D.E. The manufacturers have promised a unit
for test as
soon as they are satisfied on a number of points.
(A.E. Yallup) (2) Laboratory test to establish the
tobacco temperature
sensitivity of the Kappa 55 moisture meter is in
progress and
will be reported when complete.
(A.E. Yallup) (3) The universal curves for the
Kappa 55 have been rechecked
and the extension of the curves for the Marconi
Moisture Meter is
almost complete.
CD
cc
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 25 -
(A.E. Yallup) (4) The design and construction of
the Plessey Small Sample
Moisture Meter is virtually complete and
preliminary tests will
commence when injection moulded sample cells are
received.
(A.E. Yallup) (5) The six Plessey Whole Leaf
Moisture Meters are on order
and delivery is due in 6-8 weeks.
4550 Rapid Filter Evaluation
N.E. Willis) (1) - (4) Two filter meters have been
made In R. & D.E. and
A.E. Yallup)
~
(A.R. Cousins) are now complete. One of these
units will be sent to B. & W.
Louisville for assessment. A Report and Operating
Instructions
Manual have been written.
A further two units are to be constructed.
PROJECT 5000 P.C-.L.
5000 Basic Research
(0.J. Wood) (1) Work has continued on the
identification of the chemical
reactions which lead to darkening during the
manufacture of PCL
and a report will shortly be issued.
(D.J. Wood) (2) Further kinetic studies of the
darkening reaction are In
progress.
(R. Comber) (3) Microscopic examination of PCL
bleached by sodium
hypochlorite using transmitted polarised light
reveals something
of its structure, in particular the size and
orientation of the
anisotropic stem and vein particles. Thin
transverse sections
of PCL have also revealed something of the
structure, but good
sectioning has not proved possible.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 26 -
(W.B. Fordyce) (4) The Identification of
constituent sugars in tobacco
polysaccharldes has been completed# and report
RD,187-R
Issued in respect of the viork done.
Electrophoretic methods
have since become available, and Indicate the
presence of
small quantities of mannan polysftccherides in the
sample
studied.
(W.S. Fordyce) (5) The study of molecular weight
methods for polysaccharides
(A.R. Cousins)
has continued. The application of the viscosity
method to
samples of tobacco cellulose, pectin and xylan,
has shown
promise. Tobacco ceilulose has a molecular weight
typical of
plant colluloses (72000 x 162) and the pectin
Tesult Is also in
line with others published for similar plant
material (125,000).
Osmometry has been applied to a few polyaaccharlde
derivatives
to give number-average degrees of polymerisation
in line with
the viscosity-averages obtained. Preliminary trial
of an
abulliometer Is In progress.
(W.B. Fordyce) (6) Cellulose and pectin can be
isolated with a high degree of
purity. The resolution of mixtures of the less
abundant
polyzaccharides is proving characteristically
difficulto but
progress has been made in the case of xylan and
galactan. The
structure of the various polysaccharide5 isolated
Is being studied
by conventional carbohydrate techniques (end-group
determinationt
periodate oxidation and methylation).
(7) Physical testing of films, shoot$ etc.9 was
suspended from
the programme to conform with changes In direction
of the main
PCL programme.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 27 -
(P.J. Nicholl) (9) Further work on Reynold's PCL
has been completed and
et al
the results are being collated in a report to be
Issued.
(W.B. Fordyce) (10) Analyzes of the cell-wall
carbohydrates of a number
of different tobaccos and PCL continue. Five
samples of
American PCL and three samples of flue cured
American tobacco
have been analysed and the work is being extended
to a number
of different tobacco types.
(D.E. Conway) (12) No more work has been carried
out on the large scale
application of ton exchange to the treatment of
the liquors
from the VS/PCL process. Initial laboratory
experiments
Indicated that, by cation exchange, It was
possible to improve
the colour of VS/PCL for Australia. However
preliminary
large scale experiments were unsuccessful.
(W.B. Ford~ce) (13) Pectin appears to be the most
abundant single polysaccharide
In tobaccog in at least a few cases - greater (in
quantity) than
the cellulose "back-bone". This suggests that
pectin fraction
Is the one most deserving of attention, since Its
many chemical
features (ability to form gelsq insoluble saltsp
esterss etc@)
will have an important effect on the properties of
tobacco and
PCL. Consequently, an examination of pectins in
tobacco has
conynenced.
5100 Cestinq Processest Technical Develooment
(P.J. Nicholl) (1) The proposed work with the
Aylesford paper beaterp In order
to circumvent the Philip Morris patent
(B,P,871*952) still awaits
delivery of the now stainless steel rotor and
stator. When
these are received It is hoped to obtain
information for a patent
application.
U-1
_C~l
r11j
(Z:D
CO
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 2<8 -
(N.E, Willis) (2) Final tests of the B.S.I.R.A.
equipment for wet
thickness measurement art scheduled for the coming
month
and it Is then intended to close this
investigation.
(3) Work on the Plessey film moisture meter has
been
abandoned since the operating principle was found
to b*
unsatisfactory.
(P.J. NLcholl) (4) In the last Quarterly Report it
was stated that the
work on the calendering of VS/PCL had been
completed.
Testsq carried out on cigarettes incorporating
calendered
and uncalendered PCL, were inconclusive. Further
runs have
been completed and the results are being examined.
(8) No further patent applications have been filed
during
the last three months to consolidate the VS/PCL
patent structure.
An extensive patent survey was made to
substantiate the
Inventiveness of the MK.II process and
recommendations made that
this process Is both novel and patentable.
D.E. Conway) (9, 10) The preliminary report on the
elimination of
P.J. Nicholl)
~
homogenization from the VS/PC:L process, which was
referred to
In the last Quarterly Report, was in fact, not
Issued. Plant
trials followed quickly on the earlier results and
all this work
will be incorporated in a single report to be
issued shortly.
5200 VS/PCL Introduction of process to other
territories.
(P.J. Nicholl) (3) The manufacturing guide for
MK.II VS/PCL for South Africa
(D.E. Conway)
has been issued (RD.191-R). A batch of PCL made by
the
recommended method has been sent to U.T.Cos.
(South), for
evaluation In their own cigarette blends since it
was not possible
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 29 -
to simulate suitable blends in R. & D.E.
(J.V. O'Brien) (5) A cost analysis, to establish
the general conditions
for the smallest economical plant, has been
completed
(Report No. RD.182-R). This report has been
considered with
respect to particular territories but no now
possibilities for
the introductions of the MK.11 VS/PCL process have
been revealed.
(P.J. Nicholl) (6) The experimental investigation
into the utilization of
Belgian shag waste, has been completed and
reported
(Report No. RD.197-R).
(7) Work on the manufacture of a cigarette wTapper
from VS/PCL
and short length fibres has been started.
(J.V. O'Brien) (8) A visit has been paid to the
Simon-Carves Monsanto
(P.J. Nicholl)
Effluent Advisory Service to discuss the problem
of the
treatment of effluent from the VS/PCL process.
This is of
particular interest in the case of South Africa.
5300 Paver processes
(1) The plant at Vautier Freresq Grandson, has
been
refurbished but the decision whether to carry out
development
work on this plant has still to be made. This
depends not
only on the outcome of the winnowings shredding
work being carried
out at Geneva but also on the wider Issue of
whether to develop
any form of paper process for PCL manufzcture.
(P.J. Nicholl) (2) A report, on the economics of
the paper process for PCL
manufacture, has been written (Report No.
RD.190-R). As a
basis a Fourdrinier machine, such as usi-~ by I.T.
CO. at Bristol*
was considered. This would produce 70 lb./hr. of
dry uncoated
base sheet from tobacco stems. This could be
coated with stem
cc
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 30 -
extract and ground tobacco.
(4) The formulation of a practical programe for
the
study of paper type processes requires the answers
first
put to a number of questions.
(J.V. O'Brien) (5) Small scale experiments have
been carried out on the
(P.J. Nicholl)
coating of paper with stem extract and tobacco
flour. These
Indicate the possibility of loading with up to 5
parts of
tobacco flour to each part of stem extract and
base sheet.
Development work will continue on the 90' band and
the
variation in filling power with loading studied
along the lines
Indicated In Report No. RD.185-R.
5400 New processes.
(1) Work on the extrusion of filaments of tobacco
has
continued. Indications are that a satisfactory
product may
by obtained using ground tobacco, water and
glycerol only.
(D.E. Conway) (2) The evaluation Is in hand of
filters composed of filaments
(Miss.M.G. Ivinson)
of low molecular weight polythene, made by a novel
spinning
process. This work will become part of Process
Research In
the future.
(3) No work has been done on the puff drying of
PCL.
5500 T.S.U. oroce5s
(P.J. Nicholl) (1, 2) No work has been carried out
on the T.S.U. process
for Belgium and South Africa awaiting Information
which will
allow the profitability to be determined.
(N.E. Willis) (3) A report has been written on the
cost and profitability of
a T.S.U. process in Holland.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 31 -
PRWECT 6000 F.P.I.
6000 Basic Re5earch
(F. Haslam) (1) Steps are being taken to collect
cigarettes with
abnormal filling and pressure drop for future
analysis when
suitable methods become available.
(2), (3) A study of the effects of an ethyl
alcohol 5pray
on small quantities of cured tobacco has shown
that commercially
attractive filling power improvements can be
obtained.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (4) The experiment on the effect
of width of cut on the firmness
of cigarettes made from lamina was repeated and
reported
Internally. This showed that the cutting machine
had a large
effect on the firmness and density of the
cigarettes.
(F. Haslam) (5) A report has been prepared
covering both the improvement of
(See also
4240) filling power using dielectric heating and
the rapid continuous,
differential drying of cigarettes. On the basis Of
this report
It Is proposed to modify a making machine to
incorporate rapid
cigarette drying.
(6) The study of the addltlvlty of various filling
power
Improvement techniques has continued as conditions
have allowed.
The results of these tests have, as yet, shown up
no new
information but have tended to substantiate
earlier observation.
6100 Develocment of CONCYL and CONAIR
(F. Haslam) (1) A short gravity pipe feeder for
use with steam injection
has been designed, developed and tested. It
requires a hea0room
of just over 7-ft. and being an 8" round pipe can
cope with a
throughput of 2,000 lb./hour.
CZ:)
c0
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 32 -
(2) Work on a horizontal pipe has been
discontinued due to
our inability to get hold of a zipping conveyor
made from
acceptable materials.
(3) A higher troughput short oval CONCYL/CONAIR
gravity feed
pipe has been designed, constructed and tested. To
date a
maximum throughput of about 4,500 lb./hour has
been attained,
but this is expected to be improved upon.
(A.H. ~ght) (5) As an alternative to rotary locks
as air seals in
pneumatic equipment, a satisfactory method of
using the
gravity feed pipe has been devised with the
tobacco bed
providing a seal.
(7) The build-up on the walls of an air dryer
appears to be a
very small proportion of the total quantity of
material processed
and analysis has shown high ash and silica
contents for the
material (40% ash in a residue from Amsterdam).
(A.H. Wright) (8) The problem of steam
distribution In the gravity pipe
(A.J.0. Thomson)
feeder is being analysed and practical tests are
being planned.
(9) A 4" bore gravity feed pipe with steam
Injection for the
treatment of C.R.S. has been constructed and is
now ready for
testing.
F. Haslam) (10) An arrangement for the injection
of nitrogen into a gravity
feed pipe is awaiting installation. Tests will
then be carried
out to determine the effect of the heat treatment
process on
tobacco In an inert atmosphere.
U-
cr,
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 33 -
(11) Work on the effect of cuts per inch on the
filling
power Improvement process Is awaiting the
modification of a
cutting machine referred to In 4131.
6200 Introduction of CONCYL and CrAMIR Processes
to other territories.
A.J.0. Thomson) (3) CONCYL plant in both Liverpool
and Southampton factories has
.W. Cronshaw)
K
been Installed and is at present being
commissioned.
(4) CONAIR plant has been commissioned and tested
in Amsterdam.
IThe Portable Laboratory was used in Amsterdam to
examine the
firmness of cigarettes made with the pipe feed
process. A
comparatively brief examination was also made of
their air
dryer/Legg dryer process.
CONCYL plant for Brussels has been erected In R. &
D.E. and
is undergoing testing and commissioning prior to
shipping.
CONCYL plant for Malta has been tested in R. &
D.E. and
shipped out to Malta.
CONCYL has been installed and operated In Germany.
A continuous service for the supply of
Information, drawings
and testing data related to CONCYL and CONAIR to
all interested
territories has been maintained.
(A.W. Cronshaw) (6) A report L.41-R "Heat
Treatment of Tobacco - Brazil, A
Further Examination of Cigarettes" was Issued.
Cigarett*s were received from Argentine and
firmness and
other measurements were made on the cigarettes.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 34-
PATENTS
(Miss A.M. Delamore) Routine work of the Patent
Section has continued,
- Another 80 Patent Specifications have been added
to our
stock bringing the total to approximately 1,600.
An Accessions
List has been Issued giving details of recent
patents obtained
up to the and of January.
The Patent Folio has been brought up to date by
issuing
replacement sheets where necessary. A further five
Provisional
Specifications have been filed. R. & D.E. now has
a total of
23 patent cases; of these 15 are still awaiting
grant, (8 have
been completed, three during this period, the
remaining 7 are
still in the Provisional stage), 3 have been
granted and 5 have
been shelved.
BUILDING MAINTENANCE SERVICES ETC.
(F. Russell) Routine maintenance and general
service work continued
and the following major Items were carried out.
Laboratory Block
First Aid Room converted to Smoke Test Room.
Leaf growing preparation room floor tiled for
protection.
Cloakrooms established in basement.
Development Hall 1
Escape door and landing to No.1 Mezzanine being
installed.
Paper coater being developed.
Extruder
Spinning machine being developed.
Banbury mixer being installed.
NJ
CO
Q--n
Oz~
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


-
Development Hall 2
Construction and Installation of gravity pipe
feeders.
Gravity pipe feeder for Malta tested.
G.p. feeder for Churchman's tested.
G.p. feeder for Chile Inspected.
G.p. feeder for Brussels installed and under test.
Eirich shredder developed and despatched.
Modifications of Mark 1 M.R.T.C. machine
commenced.
Molins 585 Making Machine being installed.
High speed Mark 8 Making Machine connected to
analyser.
Elutriator constructed for Q.C.
Tests made on fluidised bed conveyor.
Thrissell Stem Roller dismantled and sent to
Southampton Branch.
2,000 lb. Bowen dismantled and sent to store.
Hauni pneumatic making machine feeder dismantled
and sent
to store.
General
Carpenters' Shop completed.
Nc-%, power supply cable Installed to Garage.
Fork truck charging plant moved from D.H.2. to
LoadIng Bay.
A number of Insurance Inspections were completed.
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 36 -
Major Items Received and Despatched by Enqineerinq
Stores
Received
Barron Mill
Tasc Motor Unit (Column Feeders)
13% Ch. metal sprayed rolls for stem roller.
Sonae Unit (Column Feeders)
Banbury Mixer (on loan)
Brussels Column Feeder.
Two Weyco Climatic Cabinets.
Mark 585 Making Machine.
Despatched
P.A.5 to Molins
24!' Stem Roller - to Southampton Branch
Vibratory Conveyor (8M5) - on loan to Southampton
Branch.
Churchman's Column Feeder
Malta 1.
No. 15 Smoking Engine (loan to Liverpool)
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


37
REPORTS IS,-UED
During the period the following reports were
issueds-
R. & D. Reports
Title No.
No. 1 Lippke Hygrotesta Moisture Meter. RD.147-F
Hollow Mouthpiece Cigarettes - Progress Report I.
RD.161-fl
VS/PCL for Germany. Stem Digestion: A Compar~son
of Costs for Batch RD.167-R
and Continuous Digestion.
Smoulder Rate: Evaluation of the Smoulder Rate of
a Burning R.D.172-F
Cigarette and the Weight of Tobacco consumed
during a puff.
An Examination of the Cyclone Dust In the Mark 8
M.C.M. RD.173-F
The Effects of Cuts per inch on the Physical
Properties and RD.177-R
Smoke Production of Cigarettes.
Structure of P.C.L. Part 1. Structure of Mk.1 PCL.
RD.178-R
Grey Tobacco Leaf Pt.5. s Trial Greenhouse Crop.
RD.179-R
Release of Nlcotine from Tobacco at Temperatures
above 1000C. RD.180-F
The Effect of Steam and Dry Distillation.
Perforated CLgarette Paper i Sandblasting.
RD.181-F
An EstLmate of the costs of VS/PCL Mark II Process
at Various RD.182-R
Plant Capacities.
The Structure of Reynolds' PCL (Preliminary
Report). RD.la3-R
VS/PCL - Australia. Pt. 1. Process Development.
RD.184-R.
PCL: Paper Process - Utilisation of Water Soluble
Material from stems. RD.185-R
The Effect of the Moisture Content of Cigarettes
on Sboke Production. RD.186-R
Tobacco Polysaccharides. Pt. I Constituent
Monosaccharides. RD.187-R
Contributions of Lamina, CRS and PCL to Smoke
Production i Part I RD-189-R
Considerations of the Tar and Nicotine Product
Efficiencies.
PCL ; Potential Use of a Paper Process RD.190-R
Mark 2 VS/PCL. South Africa - Manufacturing Guide
RD.191-R
The Improvement of the Filling Power of Cigarette
Tobacco Pt. 7. RD.192-R. Q:
Short Gravity Pine Feeder for use in CONCYL and
CONAIR.
C--
c_r_-
CrIl
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999


- 38
Title
The Improvement of the Filling Power of Cut
Tobacco : Pt. 8. - RD. 194-R
A Comparison of Molins Mark I and Mark 3 Cutting
Machines.
Winnowings Process t Installation of the Eirich
Mill at B-A.T. RD.195-R
(Extension Suisse), Geneva.
Tobacco fermentation : A Survey. RD.196-F
The Manufacture of Mk. 2 VS/PCL from Belgian Shag
Tobacco Shorts. RD.197-R
Holland t TSU Process. An Estimate of Plant and
Process Costs. RD.198-R
Molins Mk.8 Cigarette Making Machine - Comparison
of Opirating Cost RD.199-R
,ith Mk.5.
Laboratory Reocrts
Title No.
Airborne Losses in the Primary Manufacture of
Cigarette Tobacco. L.38-F
E.60 Filters (Tennessee Eastman) L.39-F
Heat Treatment of Tobacco - Brazil L.41-R
A Further Examination of Cigarettes.
Examination of Low-Density Australian Cigarettes.
L.42-R
Combustion and Filtration Properties of Different
Tobaccos L.43-F
An Investigation of "Compound A" by Gas
Chromatography. L.44-R
Reynold5' PCLi Filling Power and Humectic
Properties L.45-R
The Effects of Atmospheric Pressure on Smoke
Yield. L.47-F
Enqineerinq Reports
Title No.
The Pye T.A.S.C. Unit E.17-F
Brumex Sprays and Recorder of PCL on the Band
Dryer. E.18-R.
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 39
STAFF
During the period of this report, two transfers
from payroll to staff took
place and consequently at 31.3.62, the
establishment was 178.
The changes in the establishment at the beginning
and end of the quarter
are made up as follows
At 31.12.61 At 31.3.62
Staff employed 160 166
Staff recruited but not yet employed 2 -
Outstanding vacancies 14 12
Establishment 176 178
Staff additions (6)
E.B. Wilkes Physicist.
H.H. Moody Laboratory Assistant
J-A.J. Goode Laboratory Assistant
Miss J. Abernethy Office Junior
S.G. Stuttle Fitter (Transferred from Payroll)
B. Ramsey Fitter (Transferred from Payroll)
Staff vacancies outstandino at 31.3.62
1. Chief Physicist
2. Physicist
I. Graduate Engineer.
6. Technical Assistants
I. Administrative Assistant
1. Manufacturing Supervisor
1. Typist
72.
03
CI\
Q---4
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 40 -
Sicknessi In addition to normal seasonally high
temporary sickness9 Dr.D. Cleverdon
has been away for the whole of the period under
review.
VISITORS
There were 65 visitors to R. & D.E. during this
quarter. In addition to
regular B-A.T. visitorsp these included3-
Dr.L.R. DeLoach Tobacco en Roma , Mexico Ist - 5th
January
Mr.A J. Brock Millbank 5th January
Mr.R. Webb
Mr. Gray Churchman's 9th January
Mr.J.G. Lewis I.T. Co., Bristol 9th January
Mr.J.T. La,s Millbank 10th January
Mr. Speller Lloyds 17th January
Dr.R.F. Phillips Loughborough C.A.T. 19th Jan uary
Mr.S.D. Gupta India 22nd January
Mr.A.I. Bloxberg Helsinki 24th January
Mr. I. Adair Millbank 24th January
Mr.D. Jones Nairobi 29th January
Mr. Low Malaya 29th Jan. - 2nd Feb.
Mr.D.H. Stead Nigeria 30th January
Mr.J.C. Cordy Takoradig Ghana 30th January
Mr.V.P. Harvey
Mr.J. Morris Molins 31st January
Mr. Riley Hong Kong Ist February
Mr. Gladstone Wiggins Teape 7th February
Mr. E.C. Curtis Millbank 7th February
BATCo document for Province of BritiSh Columbia 9
November 1999


- 41 -
Mr. I. Warrington
Mr. Mullineaux
Mr. Gough
Sr.I.F. Hendry
Mr. M.I. MacLaurin
Mr.J. PIckance
Mr.R.F. GIlderdale
Mr.B.W. White
Cyprus
Coll. Adv. Tech., B'ham.
Wiggins Teape
Malaya
Argentine
Australia
7 th February
8 th February
15 th February
21 st February
28 th February
14 th/15th March
ON
BATCo document for Province of British Columbia 9
November 1999