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Chronology for the Development of Biotechnology, 1665-1882
1665
Using a microscope, Robert Hooke labels as "cells" the walled cavities he sees in plant tissue. 1830
Scottish physician Robert Brown names the opaque spot in plant cells "nucleus." 1857
Biologists first observe small rodlike bodies in dividing cells. 23 years later, these rods are named chromosomes (colored bodies) after being found to absorb certain dyes. 1869
Swiss biologist Fredrich Miescher isolates nuclein--now called DNA--in cells of pus collected from used bandages. 1871
Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA--first identified in sperm of Rhine River trout, but role in heredity unclear. 1879
German biochemist Albrecht Kossel find that nucleic acid is composed of adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine and uracil. 1882
Belgian biologist Eduard Van Beneden discovers that every species has a characteristic number of chromosomes.
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